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Given that these galaxies appear much bigger on the sky, taking a spectrum along a narrow slit is not enough, as most of the light the galaxy would fall outside the slit. To solve this, VIMOS has an integral field unit mode (IFU), which allows spectra to be taken in two dimensions. For each pixel on the galaxy, the IFU mode gives us a full spectrum."/> <meta name="description" content="While VIMOS excels at taking spectra of hundreds of distant galaxies, it can also observe nearby galaxies. Given that these galaxies appear much bigger on the sky, taking a spectrum along a narrow slit is not enough, as most of the light the galaxy would fall outside the slit. To solve this, VIMOS has an integral field unit mode (IFU), which allows spectra to be taken in two dimensions. 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class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-229" class="submenu-aim selected current"> <li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-230" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current"><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-231" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current"><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-232" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current current-leaf"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-255" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a class="no-link" href="#"> ANTU </a></li><li class=""><a 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class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-262" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-268" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-274" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-276" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-280" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-282" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-307" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-310" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-315" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt_rev/"> Preparing a Revolution </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt_exo/"> Are We Alone? </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt_fir/"> First Objects </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt_con/"> ELT Concept </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt_euw/"> Window on the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt_sit/"> Finding a Home </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt_num/"> ELT in numbers </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> ELT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-323" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/harmoni/"> HARMONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/maory/"> MAORY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/metis/"> METIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/micado/"> MICADO </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa 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<div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-334" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/science/stars/"> Very Old Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span 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class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-413" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-414" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-419" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2015/ "> ESO Astronomy Camp 2015 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/music-ambassadors/"> ESO Music Ambassadors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/first-picture-of-a-black-hole/blog/"> Taking the First Picture of a Black Hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/communication-resources/"> Astronomy Communication Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://www.spacetelescope.org/"> The Hubble Space Telescope </a></li><li class=""><a 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class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>VIMOS</h1> <h2>VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph</h2> <p><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/images/vlt-vimos/"><img src="/web/20170625083314im_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/static/teles-instr/vlt/images/vlt-vimos_pano.jpg" border="0"></a></p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p><em><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0413a/"><img src="/web/20170625083314im_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso0413a.jpg" border="0" style="float: left; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px;"></a>“It is like having a time machine in the middle of desert, showing us how the Universe looked when it was just a third of its current age,” </em>says Steffen Mieske, the instrument scientist behind the VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph or VIMOS.<em><br></em></p> <p>VIMOS, guided by astronomers at Paranal Observatory, investigates hundreds of faint celestial objects at the same time. Most of these are far outside our own galactic neighbourhood.</p> <p><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/images/cf0b2506_cc/"><img src="/web/20170625083314im_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/news/cf0b2506_cc.jpg" border="0" width="180" height="120" style="float: right; padding: 7px 0px 10px 20px;"></a>Observing these objects, at distances of up to several billion light-years, is like looking back in time, to 1.5 billion years after the Universe was born.  This time machine lets the astronomers study the evolution of the Universe from that remote past until today, “W<em>hile other instruments specialise in very detailed investigations of individual objects, VIMOS allows large samples of objects to be analysed in one shot,” </em>says Steffen Mieske.</p> <p>How? VIMOS takes an image of a region in the sky, with hundreds of galaxies. The astronomer can identify which of those galaxies they are interested in, and mark about one hundred of them. A high-precision laser-cutter will use that information to drill little slits in a metal plate, at the exact position of the galaxies. This mask is then inserted in VIMOS, so that only the light of the interesting objects enters the instrument. Then, the light of those objects is split into its colour components by a prism-like device, yielding a spectrum. <em>“If there were no mask blocking out the light from the less interesting objects, thousands of spectra would overlap and the data could not be analysed,”</em> says Mieske.</p> <p>The spectra are recorded on the four charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras mounted at the end of the instrument. “<em>Instead of recording images of point sources, we record one long stripe (spectrum) for each object that reveals their composition and motion in space,” </em>says Steffen Mieske.</p> <p>Thanks to its capabilities to observe a hundred or so galaxies at the same time, VIMOS could collect the spectra of tens of thousands of galaxies over the history of the Universe, showing how they formed, how they grew, and evolved.</p> <p>Nevertheless, while VIMOS excels at taking spectra of hundreds of distant galaxies, it can also observe nearby galaxies. Given that these galaxies appear much bigger on the sky, taking a spectrum along a narrow slit is not enough, as most of the light the galaxy would fall outside the slit. To solve this, VIMOS has an integral field unit mode (IFU), which allows spectra to be taken in two dimensions. For each pixel on the galaxy, the IFU mode gives us a full spectrum. <em>“It’s like taking thousands of images with different filters all at once. Thanks to this we can study in great detail the dynamics and composition of extended sources like galaxies and nebulae,”</em> says Juan Carlos Muñoz, the VIMOS instrument fellow.</p> <h2>Science highlights with VIMOS</h2> <ul> <li>Clues to the Mysterious Origin of Cosmic Rays (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1308/">eso1308</a>)</li> <li>The Feeding Habits of Teenage Galaxies (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1212/">eso1212</a>)</li> <li>The Most Distant Mature Galaxy Cluster (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1108/">eso1108</a>)</li> <li>Shedding Light on the Cosmic Skeleton (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0941/">eso0941</a>)</li> <li>A Pool of Distant Galaxies – the deepest ultraviolet image of the Universe yet (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0839/">eso0839</a>)</li> <li>How Do Galaxies Grow? (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0824/">eso0824</a>)</li> <li>New Light on Dark Energy (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0804/">eso0804</a>)</li> <li>VLT Survey Provides New Insight into Formation of Galaxies (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0645/">eso0645</a>)</li> <li>Large Population of Galaxies Found in the Young Universe with ESO's VLT (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0530/">eso0530</a>)</li> <li>List of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/http://telbib.eso.org/?boolany=or&boolaut=or&boolti=or&yearto=2014&instrument%5B%5D=VIMOS&boolins=or&booltel=or&search=Search">scientific papers</a> produced by VIMOS, via the ESO library TelBib database.</li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/images/vimos_img_cc/"><img class="nopadding" src="/web/20170625083314im_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/medium/vimos_img_cc.jpg" border="0" width="320"></a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><small>One of the quadrants from this raw image, coming straight from the instrument, was used, together with many others, to produce the image above. The images taken with astronomical instruments are always in greyscale: the information on the colours is obtained by taking exposures through different glass filters. The camera contains four independent detectors, with gaps between them.</small></p> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/images/vimos_ifu_cc/"><img class="nopadding" src="/web/20170625083314im_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/medium/vimos_ifu_cc.jpg" border="0" width="320"></a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><small>The four detectors of VIMOS collect the many spectra produced by its integral field spectrograph. In a traditional image, the intensity of each pixel is recorded. Here, the full spectrum of each pixel of the image is recorded as a vertical line, measuring the intensity of the light for all wavelengths. Specially written data analysis software is used to extract all these spectra and re-order the information according to the original pixel, into "images" that can be analysed by the astronomer.</small></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>VIMOS</h3> <p><small> The authoritative technical specifications as offered for astronomical observations are available from the <a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/vimos.html">Science Operation page</a>.</small></p> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="30" valign="top"><strong>Location:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Paranal</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="30" valign="top"><strong>Telescope:</strong></td> <td valign="top">VLT <a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal/">UT3</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Focus:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Nasmyth</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Type:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Wide-field imager and multi-object spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Wavelength coverage:</strong></td> <td valign="top"></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Seeing-limited. Pixel size is 0.205 arcseconds in imaging mode; the IFUs have pixels down to 0.33 arcseconds.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spectral resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top">200 to 2500</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>First light date:</strong></td> <td valign="top">26 February, 2002 (<a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0209/">eso0209</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images taken with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&instrument=12">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images of the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&subject_name=VIMOS">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/news/?search=VIMOS">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Science goals:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Large spectroscopic surveys of distant galaxies.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Consortium:</strong></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Observatoire Marseille-Provence</p> <p>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</p> <p>Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), in France</p> <p>Istituto di Radioastronomia (IRA-CNR) (Bologna)</p> <p>Istituto di Fisica Cosmica e Tecnologie Relative (IFCTR) (Milano)</p> <p>INAF, Osservatorio di Capodimonte, Bologna, Brera, Italy</p> <p>ESO</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <a href="/web/20170625083314/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-4"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625083314/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20170625083314cs_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/app/css/extras.66957e81db8d.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20170625083314js_/http://www.eso.org/public/archives/app/js/main.23a8db54d0f0.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20170625083314js_/http://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=epod" async></script> </body> </html>