CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913607e4c9f7fe84',cH: 'wN8Ro3U4Wh8xxbpvChOh1ZOUz7LfhNpOfEFFohTITKE-1739797965-1.2.1.1-qFvbbiBdE1Eu5U_SRjN1X8jNi3pUgm24J0TyKgJpH_bwSqBwgKUJcj3fIe.nzWBK',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=foundation%20layer&__cf_chl_tk=bUx15OPt674Rjie7d31uIKXYtMQ0jr2hFpVYfEbKQPg-1739797965-1.0.1.1-M7tmf0H2F_WPGR87u0AjszCY.2YYL4MNeLj19xOcxRc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739797965',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=foundation%20layer&__cf_chl_f_tk=bUx15OPt674Rjie7d31uIKXYtMQ0jr2hFpVYfEbKQPg-1739797965-1.0.1.1-M7tmf0H2F_WPGR87u0AjszCY.2YYL4MNeLj19xOcxRc",md: "XUvy.O0utTqCo1.pAERBU2QvIoo4_.D3FsjA4cC_tVE-1739797965-1.2.1.1-Ytup7WAkVuHm4s6cuItxzrTW47wfRUKX8LMgbZxewb9AafaXFOIN_bZgKPC7y2swrGiEE0Crq7jmE5OCOlDmzxcyNeOe3XLBujEx_Yxs_EE73rBeK6HsykxlX9k_lOB0X8dpnHRmAS2GeN5uNNBVnVO2gxSAhtdc.1UyFuk1wsGPHzZK6IQ4_BWf2H1AeTNZ4Xt8OvEdmxVc7G1RlSkD5XflkmXOuVeCEU1OdCeewIcc06Yladg2dAkKSR12MDEcikkApEHM2W7W4q1VmWb_LJ4vbFb6ihcDW0tjM2pA2zwhPSDidX.naGnvKryCIIwGsFU0GWC8rowN1pqr8BYvAi9b81dEALDahIUMLtdbmVP5wKlq0XG4Zgk5mZ6GjLxMT7VifyLGjlUBOyF_Iim5Yq3a4rSpVy98NptP7uC8XieKSJeKpZYMwzlY._aO3MZOgOWVga5E54ry4qUCOlxnaNXzxslaFGdoJZ7DBmrdva3DxPXvEM5DqcnjPkSkC.k9gNg8VsM6QdxFJiFAR4L.Wkp4_Ka79Yurmqku2CPl1liDtT6.H5sZy_iFVXpMnBrLJwWnsLDqRmHszSrgR7HLgiY0eCUgI3j1QZ.Q34TSsLdb2dgnIxMoSGk1N40gOsCkSbOYW.HPQ.ElKfFvQyKjl6oM7pVliduyWHZ1XLxzbhj4EH9yLkiT.z9n8WlzqXOFRT65E8iHnJqSzZjujgfTN98M.o_vm3LtToZ1Qbcnn4GQcchm.QinB2I5jtwNgm.Imox0YU8oeuG9ppWp0vBl23Ja4GncBo9VbnDguiYFottR8evoVB9sgczFORRajT8tNf18oppJ1mzrqOY2iI0MNGk4PVRacmaOWKNhtsmReZ1A7RJkSzAB1lR.0hgDj2O6MwDBMdoATdE1PBk7R4169DVfAV8ZG3tmEC1ZULC2sfPhspYA0idEdtbaw9xZecx1p05G3dnj99jdN8Vh3s0rkyD_mJo5Y7cLcLovVYeEGo8P1qDaGOjptYSmhwm4Dqvs3dNspkPRUFsUcOu5usq2C2nCBnQE59HFfOOqXpQ7X1DwsMFa5EaiAP27sa33ZZstdiRWWIx7w_SaWidTH64bwIJHTX2YP9AmEFFv10LOn8GWJjYai7OpnOZ.GA76l1VRRFJPdP5Mow3PMHtNq8dkx3Ye0YN2p7Yu9v3fQJwgX9y2FIZN2NKqK8rvQMHC8DL4hThUDtWYjI4VPVJ1xZBvGk5.OpSIyUJ6pOlzwD7Wl4GSKbgNKxibK4SHO3j6Gmv0.jfuKaDSjydvAHoKrWYcu0V.X_S23hCh5LfNn1mskM.Q0ujLajUyvXe5W67aGK2dcisFIM5jG.Q08UrVNWNkDwxV0ltNuOFHNWS8rwJo0YhgFCoJ4dgZs9hG.XG6oz4Ho6xtnMtvdDMU9OVrxWpBFaaNmHzo42npw1wV5JqMJFUTkOXSZtT.YrhxF2GRBR5wLtzrMGoPsdGf3TB0VVdQZeIfCZWskOlWPyfVzXPuhs7Xc5_QU0c.fKfPvCA2xCAHVlT6qGZ9RNep1ltel1KzI.l3ia4RZTa0tn5jdfj8pxjsBSXGSX4L.hl_QcmGXklHx9VI.o1XumZj7LsN.HuypxB6mxKykGlF98p84x5zRhYqaMNiwV3kdfrL7MLCqvy9czasWloLIuvC3BwOy9QUQp7WJDiuH0xEhA3FDfJ77IYLSsHdpcyoR5a9rcw0Ia0q6LI0vk7hzVN_S6.xgcberRxPOK_PJ0J_Zd3nST4ECPyoXTiY1Chq4pX1ucmxxW5v4D1eCHg0VW0F8ghFV4LhfSwXRTFPp50Xk35kaQcF6fzKKvKzIEYA17z.C0uEVRYhgOFTljQV6pKfxDME1D2hTBSCPT2C9ZVaIQMgzRAc2mAu6UC01kA0LfL5NDWQlvydIVafP7JzPyPWvpSVwd.dBhiON0uuxohXKm_KH6yXXjc",mdrd: "ZHUD1KYUUx3k_SdyQWEPgNnslT_vcpKoZ0CW_SyGXTc-1739797965-1.2.1.1-FnVtQLIf.lRYAm8TPEnH2HJEEC7mNqePlnrLL90VDPft8l4fDCn5k491zfGKwPDkfY82p3W_ip66Sos3cA4hi2o3fsWVkbNlwa0AG8c1Y1VPuwvb9Avb_jk_WfBh7TygZ17qWWcJ9Z4DE0lOFIo5RzWqft3EmxXE8aNCpaMktXFUWTOX3dPWf3ER2jLQIC.iLpfM1xzudCrr.ssPpWcY6GIxAqdLXTtsRAK2hAI5Iv9imOq7VvcwyBT1UnVETqrmc3yaiW8QZEIA.Kc9z5xwTTwPYsodk0DKk3k2SwvWx9nP2dF2YY3zkdYPDkZZ85imc5CX7Jct7tkJf.k60Fpb6hR2hFoCyQ_XwIlGeShr9oKU9uPJvaZZx2gN.kOqa3uaLWwrPbWNpFKRNQiVS7kEmUfs3ghaQqIHy7i5IR8T94B9S7KiP.82piu_CGvOytTBaFb73nYl__wbJk44vXbVqy2f8eeM0DbzTTMcRrD573pjKsYkqFRiKGjZHJgIaOqZzBg_xa.VGQ9Nl9D5c.TVHMHVXjYDwamt_lVb9Nz9pep5Jky2luTuEV_Xt.7cdSny2HvKwU_BfrzOb7kL7CTvlilaLMO1.dqBY7qZHVf22mJy56mNmo.vUfWRH9C2LsClIvPkr0lF7QMqsFyjxeMqXZE1ZqsPGHdIeYthEJfqT3YXYMB3o2CN_44TZYxfch_O8bSt3luoXYLJaReEWPDc.qI4yWwPfLyaWdDMeRE.IGnFIHrtHmz0xtfdGkdCEGW1qeMOobRlHt3RsRV2zLj2i84M_7oLVZs1Z34QyeqNDNctr_Hnh1Lbe.lul9qDSSzl97v.RtVXP52dIu5nivos.C9O1v1x07GylaibXvOO0YLdLHyV9eJFrVg.upj2mgTh2b81jpVH1GgU9miOF.xttGeMZqpG1GEcJR15vLWlSW8.m_PVS7gSHqioSBr_2CMIwfMnglOGV0sy8hVwc7Y8GfvdqW0do8wis80XhrNwErxrZmORZZxyCwxCnH8Z8y9pAN8aaI0ncj8rzCRLCsJj6k0Y2sEg4LtXVQJMGn0yE3.M9l6_CCDDkA0P00m7a5F7mvj4Z40wn4mou.K01M._F16xCAw72cWw9y.q_94idAZqf86aDYjtaQjagh3cRrib4y9llS2XH1skDjICVBG90USSxQEHeAgrvGRIPJzTKtLukw2xnqoIs0ZghnBohQFmZiT.BSEjT6IW7P78Ru_66rFIZaKEBfJKZbmOr2lI045Fg6XMMbf6FfW2UGMPMCADFOt7XkwhZnNAg_GPQrcODffSLWnopu7gFImgxhdlXYCMtrl9A5CP0uHWhHTH1uLVKoRmzYJBxvdKv2.jrZ08bwABkFLtbkYdJpQIq5m_SLTQWb8opHqYOxKIa66oUqbDlGfCOePcVlbm28cwUj.5Ek70m9nmdYn1bbtAaFH8Ov5JepDQcFmADVy3B1f9mp4U3B653iKImB2SSY_8pET8ogk_Wo6lePLSYVffM6M0pTFGHOofZIF7mrguDRxc2u8jtlrZnieByNZsoPOvx.lBSsbyDBNuKWYYwm5u6WbRraCNUzE.youl5v7bHsQndePbH9dmfP1mCgkN1zMYfp6IMNmbB4Cuh8elHYylPvRghS3xbFLxnPlx4p8S4iKWWAGZo91E8QJMKqU2_H3DpdRjk5N5SkgL0AFBShYL03SBwPTkTTyQzXdSNsAAJ9LfYlYn8cTlnzKeXgx.6CzXFwIUhOZPK28S43n6qzKUpwOY1bba1kydXw8gjtvQS3LEd8IvM17Y0GKYFhaxtbSIV_Shk4NC8CRM8rZwXKQ_IbSQpa9PhFGC_FWHS3MJShztWPjqwUgu3sX_9Qh0j.k5QnSPL_j4sGWKP78eozEDOI1YEBDFZdv5Hj0eWTNbyYF.0aLwL9P0aD0x0exUvI.a8ugEDJcI.hfbBU14iQFcvaA6gMFqP1RWhBon0vgCeCKWYdww6UQntS6b2Wda4ypBZosDKQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913607e4c9f7fe84';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=foundation%20layer&__cf_chl_rt_tk=bUx15OPt674Rjie7d31uIKXYtMQ0jr2hFpVYfEbKQPg-1739797965-1.0.1.1-M7tmf0H2F_WPGR87u0AjszCY.2YYL4MNeLj19xOcxRc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>