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tension</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: tension"> <meta name="keywords" content="tension"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="tension"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 563</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: tension</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">563</span> Response of Concrete Panels Subjected to Compression-Tension State of Stresses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20F.%20Almograbi">Mohammed F. Almograbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For reinforced concrete panels the risk of failure due to compression -tension state of stresses, results from pure shear or torsion, can be a major problem. The present calculation methods for such stresses from multiple influences are without taking into account the softening of cracked concrete remains conservative. The non-linear finite element method has become an important and increasingly used tool for the analysis and assessment of the structures by including cracking softening and tension-stiffening. The aim of this paper is to test a computer program refined recently and to simulate the compression response of cracked concrete element and to compare with the available experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20panels" title="reinforced concrete panels">reinforced concrete panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression-tension" title=" compression-tension"> compression-tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsion" title=" torsion"> torsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20softening" title=" compression softening"> compression softening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension%20stiffening" title=" tension stiffening"> tension stiffening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20finite%20element%20analysis" title=" non-linear finite element analysis"> non-linear finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5311/response-of-concrete-panels-subjected-to-compression-tension-state-of-stresses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">562</span> Synthesis and Properties of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Wang">Rui Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanfa%20Tang"> Shanfa Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanwu%20Dong"> Yuanwu Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siyao%20Wang"> Siyao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaowen%20Jiang"> Zhaowen Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Han"> Di Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sulfonate Gemini surfactant sodium N,N`-bis(tetradecanoyl) propanediamine dipropyl sulfonate (GNS-14) was synthesized from 1,3-propanediamine, tetradecanoyl chloride, and1,3-propanesulfonic lactone. GNS-14 was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR. The surface activity, interfacial activity, and emulsification properties of GNS-14 solution were systematically studied. The critical micelle concentration (CCMC) of GNS-14 surfactant was 0.056 mmol/L, and the surface tension (γCMC) was 18.2 mN/m; at 50℃, 0.5% GNS-14 solution can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 6.5×10−2 mN/m. GNS-14 has excellent surface activity, interfacial activity, and emulsifying properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gemini%20surfactants" title="gemini surfactants">gemini surfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20tension" title=" surface tension"> surface tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20interfacial%20tension" title=" low interfacial tension"> low interfacial tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsifying%20properties" title=" emulsifying properties"> emulsifying properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150208/synthesis-and-properties-of-sulfonate-gemini-surfactants-with-amide-groups" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">561</span> Synthesis of Carboxylate Gemini Surfactant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Wang">Rui Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanfa%20Tang"> Shanfa Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanwu%20Dong"> Yuanwu Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siyao%20Wang"> Siyao Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A carboxylate Gemini surfactant N, N`-bis (3-chloro-2 -hydroxypropane-N-dodecyl secondary amine) p-phenylenediamine diacetate sodium (GD12-P-12) was synthesized by substitution and ring-opening reaction from p-phenylenediamine, sodium chloroacetate, epichlorohydrin, and dodecylamine. The synthesis conditions were optimized by controlling variables. The structure of GD12-P-12 was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR, and its foam performance, interfacial tension, viscosity was evaluated. The results show that the molecular structure of the synthesized product is consistent with that of the target product, the GD12-P-12 can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 7.49×10⁻³mN/m (ultra-low interfacial tension level) in 20min. GD12-P-12 surfactant has excellent foam performance, ultra-low interfacial tension, good temperature-resistant viscosity-increasing properties, has good application prospect in foam flooding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gemini%20surfactant" title="gemini surfactant">gemini surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20of%20synthesis%20conditions" title=" optimization of synthesis conditions"> optimization of synthesis conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20performance" title=" foam performance"> foam performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20interfacial%20tension" title=" low interfacial tension"> low interfacial tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150328/synthesis-of-carboxylate-gemini-surfactant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">560</span> Strap Tension Adjusting Device for Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Mask Fitting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshie%20Asahara">Yoshie Asahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidekuni%20Takao"> Hidekuni Takao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), a type of ventilation therapy, is a treatment in which a mask is attached to the patient's face and delivers gas into the mask to support breathing. The NPPV mask uses a strap, which is necessary to attach and secure the mask in the appropriate facial position, but the tensile strength of the strap is adjusted by the sensation of the hands. The strap uniformity and fine-tuning strap tension are judged by the skill of the operator and the amount felt by the finger. In the future, additional strap operation and adjustment methods will be required to meet the needs for reducing the burden on the patient’s face. In this study, we fabricated a mechanism that can measure, adjust and fix the tension of the straps. A small amount of strap tension can be adjusted by rotating the shaft. This makes it possible to control the slight strap tension that is difficult to grasp with the sense of the operator's hand. In addition, this mechanism allows the operator to control the strap while controlling the movement of the mask body. This leads to the establishment of a suitable mask fitting method for each patient. The developed mechanism enables the operation and fine reproducible adjustment of the strap tension and the mask balance, reducing the burden on the face. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance%20of%20the%20mask%20strap" title="balance of the mask strap">balance of the mask strap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20adjustment" title=" fine adjustment"> fine adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20sensor" title=" film sensor"> film sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mask%20fitting%20technique" title=" mask fitting technique"> mask fitting technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mask%20strap%20tension" title=" mask strap tension"> mask strap tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144719/strap-tension-adjusting-device-for-non-invasive-positive-pressure-ventilation-mask-fitting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">559</span> Learning with Music: The Effects of Musical Tension on Long-Term Declarative Memory Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawras%20Kurzom">Nawras Kurzom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avi%20Mendelsohn"> Avi Mendelsohn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of background music on learning and memory are inconsistent, partly due to the intrinsic complexity and variety of music and partly to individual differences in music perception and preference. A prominent musical feature that is known to elicit strong emotional responses is musical tension. Musical tension can be brought about by building anticipation of rhythm, harmony, melody, and dynamics. Delaying the resolution of dominant-to-tonic chord progressions, as well as using dissonant harmonics, can elicit feelings of tension, which can, in turn, affect memory formation of concomitant information. The aim of the presented studies was to explore how forming declarative memory is influenced by musical tension, brought about within continuous music as well as in the form of isolated chords with varying degrees of dissonance/consonance. The effects of musical tension on long-term memory of declarative information were studied in two ways: 1) by evoking tension within continuous music pieces by delaying the release of harmonic progressions from dominant to tonic chords, and 2) by using isolated single complex chords with various degrees of dissonance/roughness. Musical tension was validated through subjective reports of tension, as well as physiological measurements of skin conductance response (SCR) and pupil dilation responses to the chords. In addition, music information retrieval (MIR) was used to quantify musical properties associated with tension and its release. Each experiment included an encoding phase, wherein individuals studied stimuli (words or images) with different musical conditions. Memory for the studied stimuli was tested 24 hours later via recognition tasks. In three separate experiments, we found positive relationships between tension perception and physiological measurements of SCR and pupil dilation. As for memory performance, we found that background music, in general, led to superior memory performance as compared to silence. We detected a trade-off effect between tension perception and memory, such that individuals who perceived musical tension as such displayed reduced memory performance for images encoded during musical tension, whereas tense music benefited memory for those who were less sensitive to the perception of musical tension. Musical tension exerts complex interactions with perception, emotional responses, and cognitive performance on individuals with and without musical training. Delineating the conditions and mechanisms that underlie the interactions between musical tension and memory can benefit our understanding of musical perception at large and the diverse effects that music has on ongoing processing of declarative information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musical%20tension" title="musical tension">musical tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=declarative%20memory" title=" declarative memory"> declarative memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20and%20memory" title=" learning and memory"> learning and memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musical%20perception" title=" musical perception"> musical perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168139/learning-with-music-the-effects-of-musical-tension-on-long-term-declarative-memory-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">558</span> Influence of Bra Band Tension and Underwire Angles on Breast Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheuk%20Wing%20Lee">Cheuk Wing Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kit%20Lun%20Yick"> Kit Lun Yick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Pui%20Ng"> Sun Pui Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Yip"> Joanne Yip</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Daily activities and exercise may result in large displacements of the breasts, which lead to breast pain and discomfort. Therefore, a proper bra design and fit can help to control excessive breast motion to prevent the over-stretching of the connective tissues. Nevertheless, bra fit problems, such as excessively high tension of the shoulder straps and a tight underband could have substantially negative effects on the wear comfort and health of the wearer. The purpose of this study is to, therefore, examine the effects of bra band tension on breast displacement. Usually, human wear trials are carried out, but there are inconsistencies during testing. Therefore, a soft manikin torso is used to examine breast displacement at walking speeds of 2.30 km/h and 4.08 km/h. The breast displacement itself is determined by using a VICON motion capture system. The 3D geometric changes of the underwire bra band tension and the corresponding control of breast movement are also analyzed by using a 3D handheld scanner along with Rapidform software. The results indicate that an appropriate bra band tension can help to reduce breast displacement and provide a comfortable angle for the underwire. The findings can be used by designers and bra engineers as a reference source to advance bra design and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bra%20band" title="bra band">bra band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bra%20features" title=" bra features"> bra features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20displacement" title=" breast displacement"> breast displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwire%20angle" title=" underwire angle"> underwire angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93789/influence-of-bra-band-tension-and-underwire-angles-on-breast-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">557</span> Detect Cable Force of Cable Stayed Bridge from Accelerometer Data of SHM as Real Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Lan">Nguyen Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Tan%20Kien"> Le Tan Kien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Pham%20Gia%20Bao"> Nguyen Pham Gia Bao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cable-stayed bridge belongs to the combined system, in which the cables is a major strutual element. Cable-stayed bridges with large spans are often arranged with structural health monitoring systems to collect data for bridge health diagnosis. Cables tension monitoring is a structural monitoring content. It is common to measure cable tension by a direct force sensor or cable vibration accelerometer sensor, thereby inferring the indirect cable tension through the cable vibration frequency. To translate cable-stayed vibration acceleration data to real-time tension requires some necessary calculations and programming. This paper introduces the algorithm, labview program that converts cable-stayed vibration acceleration data to real-time tension. The research results are applied to the monitoring system of Tran Thi Ly cable-stayed bridge and Song Hieu cable-stayed bridge in Vietnam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-stayed%20bridge" title="cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable%20fore" title=" cable fore"> cable fore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20heath%20monitoring%20%28SHM%29" title=" structural heath monitoring (SHM)"> structural heath monitoring (SHM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20fourie%20transformed%20%28FFT%29" title=" fast fourie transformed (FFT)"> fast fourie transformed (FFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time" title=" real time"> real time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182663/detect-cable-force-of-cable-stayed-bridge-from-accelerometer-data-of-shm-as-real-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">556</span> Investigation on the stability of rock slopes subjected to tension cracks via limit analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weigao.%20Wu">Weigao. Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano.%20Utili"> Stefano. Utili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis, a full set of upper bound solutions for the stability of homogeneous rock slopes subjected to tension cracks are obtained. The generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion is employed to describe the non-linear strength envelope of rocks. In this paper, critical failure mechanisms are determined for cracks of known depth but unspecified location, cracks of known location but unknown depth, and cracks of unspecified location and depth. It is shown that there is a nearly up to 50% drop in terms of the stability factors for the rock slopes intersected by a tension crack compared with intact ones. Tables and charts of solutions in dimensionless forms are presented for ease of use by practitioners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoek-Brown%20failure%20criterion" title="Hoek-Brown failure criterion">Hoek-Brown failure criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20analysis" title=" limit analysis"> limit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20slope" title=" rock slope"> rock slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension%20cracks" title=" tension cracks"> tension cracks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9352/investigation-on-the-stability-of-rock-slopes-subjected-to-tension-cracks-via-limit-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">555</span> Plastic Deformation of Mg-Gd Solid Solutions between 4K and 298K</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Kula">Anna Kula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20K.%20Mishra"> Raja K. Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Niewczas"> Marek Niewczas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deformation behavior of Mg-Gd solid solutions have been studied by a combination of measurements of mechanical response, texture and dislocation substructure. Increase in Gd content strongly influences the work-hardening behavior and flow characteristics in tension and compression. Adiabatic instabilities have been observed in all alloys at 4K under both tension and compression. The frequency and the amplitude of adiabatic stress oscillations increase with Gd content. Profuse mechanical twinning has been observed under compression, resulting in a texture dominated by basal component parallel to the compression axis. Under tension, twining is less active and the texture evolution is affected mostly by slip. Increasing Gd concentration leads to the reduction of the tension and compression asymmetry due to weakening of the texture and stabilizing more homogenous twinning and slip, involving basal and non-basal slip systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mg-Gd%20alloys" title="Mg-Gd alloys">Mg-Gd alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20hardening" title=" work hardening"> work hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twinning" title=" twinning"> twinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21344/plastic-deformation-of-mg-gd-solid-solutions-between-4k-and-298k" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">554</span> Experimental Research on Ductility of Regional Confined Concrete Beam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinggui%20Wu">Qinggui Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinming%20Cao"> Xinming Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guyue%20Guo"> Guyue Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiajun%20Ding"> Jiajun Ding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In efforts to study the shear ductility of regional confined concrete beam, 5 reinforced concrete beams were tested to examine its shear performance. These beams has the same shear span ratio, concrete strength, different ratios of tension reinforcement and shapes of stirrup. The purpose of the test is studying the effects of stirrup shape and tension reinforcement ratio on failure mode and shear ductility. The test shows that the regional confined part can be used as an independent part and the rest of the beam is good to work together so that the ductility of the beam is more one time higher than that of the normal confined concrete beam. The related laws of the effect of tension reinforcement ratio and stirrup shapes on beam’s shear ductility are founded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratio%20of%20tension%20reinforcement" title="ratio of tension reinforcement">ratio of tension reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirrup%20shapes" title=" stirrup shapes"> stirrup shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20ductility" title=" shear ductility"> shear ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20mode" title=" failure mode"> failure mode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68282/experimental-research-on-ductility-of-regional-confined-concrete-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">553</span> Loss in Efficacy of Viscoelastic Ionic Liquid Surfactants under High Salinity during Surfactant Flooding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpa%20K.%20Nandwani">Shilpa K. Nandwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mousumi%20Chakraborty"> Mousumi Chakraborty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smita%20Gupta"> Smita Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When selecting surfactants for surfactant flooding during enhanced oil recovery, the most important criteria is that the surfactant system should reduce the interfacial tension between water and oil to ultralow values. In the present study, a mixture of ionic liquid surfactant and commercially available binding agent sodium tosylate has been used as a surfactant mixture. Presence of wormlike micelles indicates the possibility of achieving ultralow interfacial tension. Surface tension measurements of the mixed surfactant system have been studied. The emulsion size distribution of the mixed surfactant system at varying salinities has been studied. It has been found that at high salinities the viscoelastic surfactant system loses their efficacy and degenerate. Hence the given system may find application in low salinity reservoirs, providing good mobility to the flood during tertiary oil recovery process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquis" title="ionic liquis">ionic liquis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20tension" title=" interfacial tension"> interfacial tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na-tosylate" title=" Na-tosylate"> Na-tosylate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelastic%20surfactants" title=" viscoelastic surfactants"> viscoelastic surfactants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88938/loss-in-efficacy-of-viscoelastic-ionic-liquid-surfactants-under-high-salinity-during-surfactant-flooding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">552</span> Evaluation of Mango Seed Extract as Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzaddin%20Rashid%20Hussein">Ezzaddin Rashid Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the viability of mango seed extract (MSE) using a surfactant to improve oil recovery (EOR). This research examines MSE-based surfactant solutions and compares them to more traditional synthetic surfactants in terms of phase behaviour and interfacial tension. The phase behaviour and interfacial tension of five samples of surfactant solutions with different concentrations were measured. Samples 1 (2.0 g) and 1 (1.5 g) performed closest to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and displayed the greatest decrease in surface tension, according to the results. In addition, the measurement of IFT, contact angle, and pH, as well as comparison with prior research, highlights the potential environmental benefits of MSMEs as an eco-friendly alternative. It is recommended that additional research be conducted to assess their stability and behaviour under reservoir conditions. Overall, mango seed extract demonstrates promise as a natural and sustainable surfactant for enhancing oil recovery, paving the way for eco-friendly enhanced oil recovery techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20and%20gas" title="oil and gas">oil and gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mango%20seed%20powder" title=" mango seed powder"> mango seed powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactants" title=" surfactants"> surfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20oil%20recovery" title=" enhanced oil recovery"> enhanced oil recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20tension%20IFT" title=" interfacial tension IFT"> interfacial tension IFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contacts%20angle" title=" contacts angle"> contacts angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20behavior" title=" phase behavior"> phase behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170803/evaluation-of-mango-seed-extract-as-surfactant-for-enhanced-oil-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">551</span> Developing a Comprehensive Model for the Prevention of Tension Neck Syndrome: A Focus on Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevention Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Sohani">Behnaz Sohani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeoluwa%20Joshua%20Adigun"> Ifeoluwa Joshua Adigun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Rahmani"> Amir Rahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Goher"> Khaled Goher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides initial results on the eﬃcacy of the designed ergonomic-oriented neck support to mitigate and alleviate tension neck syndrome musculoskeletal disorder. This is done using both simulations and measurements. Tension Neck Syndrome Musculoskeletal Disorder (TNS MSD) causes discomfort in the muscles around the neck and shoulder. TNS MSD is one of the leading causes of early retirement. This research focuses on the design of an adaptive neck supporter by integrating a soft actuator massager to help deliver a soothing massage. The massager and adaptive neck supporter prototype were validated by finite element analysis prior to fabrication to envisage the feasibility of the design concept. Then a prototype for the massager was fabricated and tested for concept validation. Future work will be focused on fabricating the full-scale prototype and upgrading and optimizing the design concept for the adaptive neck supporter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neck%20supporter" title="adaptive neck supporter">adaptive neck supporter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension%20neck%20syndrome" title=" tension neck syndrome"> tension neck syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20disorder" title=" musculoskeletal disorder"> musculoskeletal disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20actuator%20massager" title=" soft actuator massager"> soft actuator massager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20robotics" title=" soft robotics"> soft robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168817/developing-a-comprehensive-model-for-the-prevention-of-tension-neck-syndrome-a-focus-on-musculoskeletal-disorder-prevention-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">550</span> Variation of Warp and Binder Yarn Tension across the 3D Weaving Process and its Impact on Tow Tensile Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reuben%20%20Newell">Reuben Newell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20%20Archer"> Edward Archer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alistair%20%20McIlhagger"> Alistair McIlhagger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calvin%20%20Ralph"> Calvin Ralph</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern industry has developed a need for innovative 3D composite materials due to their attractive material properties. Composite materials are composed of a fibre reinforcement encased in a polymer matrix. The fibre reinforcement consists of warp, weft and binder yarns or tows woven together into a preform. The mechanical performance of composite material is largely controlled by the properties of the preform. As a result, the bulk of recent textile research has been focused on the design of high-strength preform architectures. Studies looking at optimisation of the weaving process have largely been neglected. It has been reported that yarns experience varying levels of damage during weaving, resulting in filament breakage and ultimately compromised composite mechanical performance. The weaving parameters involved in causing this yarn damage are not fully understood. Recent studies indicate that poor yarn tension control may be an influencing factor. As tension is increased, the yarn-to-yarn and yarn-to-weaving-equipment interactions are heightened, maximising damage. The correlation between yarn tension variation and weaving damage severity has never been adequately researched or quantified. A novel study is needed which accesses the influence of tension variation on the mechanical properties of woven yarns. This study has looked to quantify the variation of yarn tension throughout weaving and sought to link the impact of tension to weaving damage. Multiple yarns were randomly selected, and their tension was measured across the creel and shedding stages of weaving, using a hand-held tension meter. Sections of the same yarn were subsequently cut from the loom machine and tensile tested. A comparison study was made between the tensile strength of pristine and tensioned yarns to determine the induced weaving damage. Yarns from bobbins at the rear of the creel were under the least amount of tension (0.5-2.0N) compared to yarns positioned at the front of the creel (1.5-3.5N). This increase in tension has been linked to the sharp turn in the yarn path between bobbins at the front of the creel and creel I-board. Creel yarns under the lower tension suffered a 3% loss of tensile strength, compared to 7% for the greater tensioned yarns. During shedding, the tension on the yarns was higher than in the creel. The upper shed yarns were exposed to a decreased tension (3.0-4.5N) compared to the lower shed yarns (4.0-5.5N). Shed yarns under the lower tension suffered a 10% loss of tensile strength, compared to 14% for the greater tensioned yarns. Interestingly, the most severely damaged yarn was exposed to both the largest creel and shedding tensions. This study confirms for the first time that yarns under a greater level of tension suffer an increased amount of weaving damage. Significant variation of yarn tension has been identified across the creel and shedding stages of weaving. This leads to a variance of mechanical properties across the woven preform and ultimately the final composite part. The outcome from this study highlights the need for optimised yarn tension control during preform manufacture to minimize yarn-induced weaving damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation%20of%20preform%20manufacture" title="optimisation of preform manufacture">optimisation of preform manufacture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20testing%20of%20damaged%20tows" title=" tensile testing of damaged tows"> tensile testing of damaged tows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20of%20yarn%20weaving%20tension" title=" variation of yarn weaving tension"> variation of yarn weaving tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weaving%20damage" title=" weaving damage"> weaving damage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139073/variation-of-warp-and-binder-yarn-tension-across-the-3d-weaving-process-and-its-impact-on-tow-tensile-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">549</span> Screening of Minimal Salt Media for Biosurfactant Production by Bacillus spp.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20M.%20Al-Wahaibi">Y. M. Al-Wahaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Al-Bahry"> S. N. Al-Bahry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Elshafie"> A. E. Elshafie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Al-Bemani"> A. S. Al-Bemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Joshi"> S. J. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Al-Bahri"> A. K. Al-Bahri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crude oil is a major source of global energy. The major problem is its widespread use and demand resulted is in increasing environmental pollution. One associated pollution problem is ‘oil spills’. Oil spills can be remediated with the use of chemical dispersants, microbial biodegradation and microbial metabolites such as biosurfactants. Four different minimal salt media for biosurfactant production by Bacillus isolated from oil contaminated sites from Oman were screened. These minimal salt media were supplemented with either glucose or sucrose as a carbon source. Among the isolates, W16 and B30 produced the most active biosurfactants. Isolate W16 produced better biosurfactant than the rest, and reduced surface tension (ST) and interfacial tension (IFT) to 25.26mN/m and 2.29mN/m respectively within 48h which are characteristics for removal of oil in contaminated sites. Biosurfactant was produced in bulk and extracted using acid precipitation method. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of acid precipitate biosurfactant revealed two concentrated bands. Further studies of W16 biosurfactant in bioremediation of oil spills are recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20contamination" title="oil contamination">oil contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remediation" title=" remediation"> remediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20spp" title=" Bacillus spp"> Bacillus spp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactant" title=" biosurfactant"> biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20tension" title=" surface tension"> surface tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20tension" title=" interfacial tension"> interfacial tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3731/screening-of-minimal-salt-media-for-biosurfactant-production-by-bacillus-spp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">548</span> Influence of Stress Relaxation and Hysteresis Effect for Pressure Garment Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Wen%20Yeh">Chia-Wen Yeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Sheng%20Lin"> Ting-Sheng Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Han%20Chang"> Chih-Han Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pressure garment has been used to prevent and treat the hypertrophic scars following serious burns since 1970s. The use of pressure garment is believed to hasten the maturation process and decrease the highness of scars. Pressure garment is custom made by reducing circumferential measurement of the patient by 10%~20%, called Reduction Factor. However the exact reducing value used depends on the subjective judgment of the therapist and the feeling of patients throughout the try and error process. The Laplace Law can be applied to calculate the pressure from the dimension of the pressure garment by the circumferential measurements of the patients and the tension profile of the fabrics. The tension profile currently obtained neglects the stress relaxation and hysteresis effect within most elastic fabrics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the tension attenuation, from stress relaxation and hysteresis effect of the fabrics. Samples of pressure garment were obtained from Sunshine Foundation Organization, a nonprofit organization for burn patients in Taiwan. The wall tension profile of pressure garments were measured on a material testing system. Specimens were extended to 10% of the original length, held for 1 hour for the influence of the stress relaxation effect to take place. Then, specimens were extended to 15% of the original length for 10 seconds, then reduced to 10% to simulate donning movement for the influence of the hysteresis effect to take place. The load history was recorded. The stress relaxation effect is obvious from the load curves. The wall tension is decreased by 8.5%~10% after 60mins of holding. The hysteresis effect is obvious from the load curves. The wall tension is increased slightly, then decreased by 1.5%~2.5% and lower than stress relaxation results after 60mins of holding. The wall tension attenuation of the fabric exists due to stress relaxation and hysteresis effect. The influence of hysteresis is more than stress relaxation. These effect should be considered in order to design and evaluate the pressure of pressure garment more accurately. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertrophic%20scars" title="hypertrophic scars">hypertrophic scars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis" title=" hysteresis"> hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20garment" title=" pressure garment"> pressure garment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20relaxation" title=" stress relaxation"> stress relaxation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25458/influence-of-stress-relaxation-and-hysteresis-effect-for-pressure-garment-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">547</span> Surface Tension and Bulk Density of Ammonium Nitrate Solutions: A Molecular Dynamics Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Mosallanejad">Sara Mosallanejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Z.%20Dlugogorski"> Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Gore"> Jeff Gore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammednoor%20Altarawneh"> Mohammednoor Altarawneh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃, AN) is commonly used as the main component of AN emulsion and fuel oil (ANFO) explosives, that use extensively in civilian and mining operations for underground development and tunneling applications. The emulsion formulation and wettability of AN prills, which affect the physical stability and detonation of ANFO, highly depend on the surface tension, density, viscosity of the used liquid. Therefore, for engineering applications of this material, the determination of density and surface tension of concentrated aqueous solutions of AN is essential. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method have been used to investigate the density and the surface tension of high concentrated ammonium nitrate solutions; up to its solubility limit in water. Non-polarisable models for water and ions have carried out the simulations, and the electronic continuum correction model (ECC) uses a scaling of the charges of the ions to apply the polarisation implicitly into the non-polarisable model. The results of calculated density and the surface tension of the solutions have been compared to available experimental values. Our MD simulations show that the non-polarisable model with full-charge ions overestimates the experimental results while the reduce-charge model for the ions fits very well with the experimental data. Ions in the solutions show repulsion from the interface using the non-polarisable force fields. However, when charges of the ions in the original model are scaled in line with the scaling factor of the ECC model, the ions create a double ionic layer near the interface by the migration of anions toward the interface while cations stay in the bulk of the solutions. Similar ions orientations near the interface were observed when polarisable models were used in simulations. In conclusion, applying the ECC model to the non-polarisable force field yields the density and surface tension of the AN solutions with high accuracy in comparison to the experimental measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium%20nitrate" title="ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20continuum%20correction" title=" electronic continuum correction"> electronic continuum correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-polarisable%20force%20field" title=" non-polarisable force field"> non-polarisable force field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20tension" title=" surface tension"> surface tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111880/surface-tension-and-bulk-density-of-ammonium-nitrate-solutions-a-molecular-dynamics-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">546</span> Production of Biosurfactant by Pseudomonas luteola on a Reject from the Production of Anti-scorpion Serum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radia%20Chemlal">Radia Chemlal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youcef%20Hamidi"> Youcef Hamidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Mameri"> Nabil Mameri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study deals with the production of biosurfactant by the Pseudomonas luteola strain on three different culture media (semi-synthetic medium M1, whey, and pharmaceutical reject) in the presence of gasoil. The monitoring of bacterial growth by measuring the optical density at 600 nm by spectrophotometer and the surface tension clearly showed the ability of Pseudomonas luteola to produce biosurfactants at various conditions of the culture medium. The biosurfactant produced in the pharmaceutical reject medium generated a decrease in the surface tension with a percentage of 19.4% greater than the percentage obtained when using whey which is 7.0%. The pharmaceutical rejection is diluted at various percentages ranging from 5% to 100% in order to study the effect of the concentration on the biosurfactant production. The best result inducing the great reduction of the surface tension value is obtained at the dilution of 30% with the pharmaceutical reject. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactant" title="biosurfactant">biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudomonas%20luteola" title=" pseudomonas luteola"> pseudomonas luteola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey" title=" whey"> whey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiscorpionic%20serum" title=" antiscorpionic serum"> antiscorpionic serum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20oil" title=" gas oil"> gas oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159333/production-of-biosurfactant-by-pseudomonas-luteola-on-a-reject-from-the-production-of-anti-scorpion-serum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">545</span> Dry Needling Treatment in 38 Cases of Chronic Sleep Disturbance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Gao">P. Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Q.%20Li"> Z. Q. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20G.%20Jin"> Y. G. Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past 10 years, computers and cellphones have become one of the most important factors in our lives, and one which has a tremendously negative impact on our muscles. Muscle tension may be one of the causes of sleep disturbance. Tension in the shoulders and neck can affect blood circulation to the muscles. This research uses a dry needling treatment to reduce muscle tension in order to determine if the strain in the head and shoulders can influence sleep duration. All 38 patients taking part in the testing suffered from tinnitus and have been experiencing disturbed sleep for at least one to five years. Even after undergoing drug therapy treatments and traditional acupuncture therapies, their sleep disturbances have not shown any improvement. After five to 10 dry needling treatments, 24 of the patients reported an improvement in their sleep duration. Five patients considered themselves to be completely recovered, while 12 patients experienced no improvement. This study investigated these pathogenic and therapeutic problems. The standard treatment for sleep disturbances is drug-based therapy; the results of most standard treatments are unfortunately negative. The result of this clinical research has demonstrated that: The possible cause of sleep disturbance for a lot of patients is the result of tensions in the neck and shoulder muscles. Blood circulation to those muscles is also influenced by the duration of sleep. Hypertonic neck and shoulder muscles are considered to impact sleeping patterns and lead to disturbed sleep. Poor posture, often adopted while speaking on the phone, is one of the main causes of hypertonic neck and shoulder muscle problems. The dry needling treatment specifically focuses on the release of muscle tension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20needling" title="dry needling">dry needling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20tension" title=" muscle tension"> muscle tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20duration" title=" sleep duration"> sleep duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertonic%20muscles" title=" hypertonic muscles"> hypertonic muscles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51661/dry-needling-treatment-in-38-cases-of-chronic-sleep-disturbance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">544</span> Experimental and Analytical Study to Investigate the Effect of Tension Reinforcement on Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Short Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakan%20Ozturk">Hakan Ozturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydin%20Demir"> Aydin Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Edip"> Kemal Edip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Stojmanovska"> Marta Stojmanovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julijana%20Bojadjieva"> Julijana Bojadjieva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many factors that affect the behavior of reinforced concrete beams. These can be listed as concrete compressive and reinforcement yield strength, amount of tension, compression and confinement bars, and strain hardening of reinforcement. In the study, support condition of short beams is selected statically indeterminate to first degree. Experimental and numerical analysis are carried for reinforcement concrete (RC) short beams. Dimensions of cross sections are selected as 250mm width and 500 mm height. The length of RC short beams is designed as 2250 mm and these values are constant in all beams. After verifying accurately finite element model, a numerical parametric study is performed with varied diameter of tension reinforcement. Effect of change in diameter is investigated on behavior of RC short beams. As a result of the study, ductility ratios and failure modes are determined, and load-displacement graphs are obtained in order to understand the behavior of short beams. It is deduced that diameter of tension reinforcement plays very important role on the behavior of RC short beams in terms of ductility and brittleness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20beam" title="short beam">short beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20reinforcement" title=" longitudinal reinforcement"> longitudinal reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75336/experimental-and-analytical-study-to-investigate-the-effect-of-tension-reinforcement-on-behavior-of-reinforced-concrete-short-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">543</span> Soft Exoskeleton Elastomer Pre-Tension Drive Control System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Yatsun">Andrey Yatsun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrei%20Malchikov"> Andrei Malchikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exoskeletons are used to support and compensate for the load on the human musculoskeletal system. Elastomers are an important component of exoskeletons, providing additional support and compensating for the load. The algorithm of the active elastomer tension system provides the required auxiliary force depending on the angle of rotation and the tilt speed of the operator's torso. Feedback for the drive is provided by a force sensor integrated into the attachment of the exoskeleton vest. The use of direct force measurement ensures the required accuracy in all settings of the man-machine system. Non-adjustable elastic elements make it difficult to move without load, tilt forward and walk. A strategy for the organization of the auxiliary forces management system is proposed based on the allocation of 4 operating modes of the human-machine system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20exoskeleton" title="soft exoskeleton">soft exoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-tension%20elastomer" title=" pre-tension elastomer"> pre-tension elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-machine%20interaction" title=" human-machine interaction"> human-machine interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183948/soft-exoskeleton-elastomer-pre-tension-drive-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">542</span> Optimal Formation of Metallic Nuggets during the Reduction of Coal-Composite Briquette</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chol%20Min%20Yu">Chol Min Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sok%20Chol%20Ri"> Sok Chol Ri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The optimization of formation and growth of metallic nuggets during self-reduction of coal composite briquette (CCB here) is essential to increase the yield of valuable metals. The formation of metallic nuggets was investigated theoretically and experimentally during the reduction of coal composite briquette made from stainless steel dust and coal. The formation of metallic nuggets is influenced by slag viscosity and interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the slag in the reduced product. Surface tensions of liquid metal and slag are rather strong, respectively, due to the high basicity of its slag. Strong surface tensions of them lead to increase of interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the slag to be favorable to the growth of metallic nuggets. The viscosity of slag and interfacial tension between the liquid metal and the slag depends on the temperature and composition of the slag. The formation and the growth of metallic nuggets depend on carbon to oxygen ratio FC/O and temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel%20dust" title="stainless steel dust">stainless steel dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal-composite%20briquette" title=" coal-composite briquette"> coal-composite briquette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20basicity" title=" high basicity"> high basicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20tension" title=" interfacial tension"> interfacial tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179129/optimal-formation-of-metallic-nuggets-during-the-reduction-of-coal-composite-briquette" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">541</span> In Situ Analysis of the Effect of Twinning on Deformation and Cracking of Magnesium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoqun%20Zhao">Chaoqun Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gang%20Fang"> Gang Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Twinning is an important deformation mechanism of magnesium alloys, but there is no consensus on the relationship between twinning and ductility. To comprehensively understand the effect of twinning on plastic deformation and cracking, the in situ tensile tests of a magnesium alloy sample along its extrusion direction were conducted, accompanied by the observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The misorientation angles around specific axes and trace analysis of grains were used to identify the active twinning systems. The results show that the area fraction of tension twins increases with the increasing strain, resulting in the c-axes of most grains rotating from the normal direction to the transverse direction, and the intensity of (0002) pole is weakened. Based on the analysis of kernel average misorientation (KAM) and SEM maps, it is found that the appearance of tension twins accommodates plastic deformation. However, the stress concentration caused by the intersection of tension twinning with the second phase can lead to crack initiation, and the crack propagates along the direction perpendicular to the tension twinning. For contraction twinning, it plays a role in plastic relaxation and improving strain compatibility during deformation, and is not a necessary potential mechanism of crack nucleation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20alloy" title="magnesium alloy">magnesium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking" title=" cracking"> cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20EBSD" title=" in-situ EBSD"> in-situ EBSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twinning" title=" twinning"> twinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190893/in-situ-analysis-of-the-effect-of-twinning-on-deformation-and-cracking-of-magnesium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">540</span> Effect of Chemical Concentration on the Rheology of Inks for Inkjet Printing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Tadesse">M. G. Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Yu"> J. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Chen"> Y. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Wang"> L. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Nierstrasz"> V. Nierstrasz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Loghin"> C. Loghin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viscosity and surface tension are the fundamental rheological property of an ink for inkjet printing. In this work, we optimized the viscosity and surface tension of inkjet inks by varying the concentration of glycerol with water, PEDOT:PSS with glycerol and water, finally by adding the surfactant. The surface resistance of the sample was characterized by four-probe measurement principle. The change in volume of PEDOT:PSS in water, as well as the change in weight of glycerol in water has got a great influence on the viscosity on both temperature dependence and shear dependence behavior of the ink solution. The surface tension of the solution changed from 37 to 28 mN/m due to the addition of Triton. Varying the volume of PEDOT:PSS and the volume of glycerol in water has a great influence on the viscosity of the ink solution for inkjet printing. Viscosity drops from 12.5 to 9.5 mPa s with the addition of Triton at 25 oC. The PEDOT:PSS solution was found to be temperature dependence but not shear dependence as it is a Newtonian fluid. The sample was used to connect the light emitting diode (LED), and hence the electrical conductivity, with a surface resistance of 0.158 KΩ/square, was sufficient enough to give transfer current for LED lamp. The rheology of the inkjet ink is very critical for the successful droplet formation of the inkjet printing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20rate" title="shear rate">shear rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20tension" title=" surface tension"> surface tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84426/effect-of-chemical-concentration-on-the-rheology-of-inks-for-inkjet-printing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">539</span> Unsteady Similarity Solution for a Slender Dry Patch in a Thin Newtonian Fluid Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Abas">S. S. Abas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20M.%20Yatim"> Y. M. Yatim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the unsteady, slender, symmetric dry patch in an infinitely wide and thin liquid film of Newtonian fluid draining under gravity down an inclined plane in the presence of strong surface-tension effect is considered. A similarity transformation, named a travelling-wave similarity solution is used to reduce the governing partial differential equation into the ordinary differential equation which is then solved numerically using a shooting method. The introduction of surface-tension effect on the flow leads to a fourth-order ordinary differential equation. The solution obtained predicts that the dry patch has a quartic shape and the free surface has a capillary ridge near the contact line which decays in an oscillatory manner far from it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20patch" title="dry patch">dry patch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newtonian%20fluid" title=" Newtonian fluid"> Newtonian fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20solution" title=" similarity solution"> similarity solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-tension%20effect" title=" surface-tension effect"> surface-tension effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travelling-wave" title=" travelling-wave"> travelling-wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady%20thin-film%20flow" title=" unsteady thin-film flow"> unsteady thin-film flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10714/unsteady-similarity-solution-for-a-slender-dry-patch-in-a-thin-newtonian-fluid-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">538</span> Improving the Method for Characterizing Structural Fabrics for Shear Resistance and Formability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Karanatsis">Dimitrios Karanatsis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) allow for high mechanical performance of a manufacture composite component by maintaining the fibre reinforcements parallel to each other. The handling of NCFs is enabled by the stitching of the tows. Although the stitching material has negligible influence to the performance of the manufactured part, it can affect the ability of the structural fabric to shear and drape over the part’s geometry. High resistance to shearing is attributed to the high tensile strain of the stitching yarn and can cause defects in the fabric. In the current study, a correlation based on the stitch tension and shear behaviour is examined. The purpose of the research is to investigate the upper and lower limits of non-crimp fabrics manufacture and how these affect the shear behaviour of the fabrics. Experimental observations show that shear behaviour of the fabrics is significantly affected by the stitch tension, and there is a linear effect to the degree of shear they experience. It was found that the lowest possible stitch tension on the manufacturing line settings produces an NCF that exhibits very low tensile strain on it’s yarns and that has shear properties similar to a woven fabric. Moreover, the highest allowable stitch tension results in reduced formability of the fabric, as the stitch thread rearranges the fibre filaments where these become packed in a tight formation with constricted movement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fibres" title="carbon fibres">carbon fibres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20manufacture" title=" composite manufacture"> composite manufacture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20testing" title=" shear testing"> shear testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textiles" title=" textiles"> textiles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145016/improving-the-method-for-characterizing-structural-fabrics-for-shear-resistance-and-formability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">537</span> Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibria at an Air-Liquid Interface of Biosurfactant and Synthetic Surfactant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagheer%20A.%20Onaizi">Sagheer A. Onaizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adsorption of anionic biosurfactant (surfactin) and anionic synthetic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, abbreviated as SDOBS) from phosphate buffer containing high concentrations of co- and counter-ions to the air-buffer interface has been investigated. The self-assembly of the two surfactants at the interface has been monitored through dynamic surface tension measurements. The equilibrium surface pressure-surfactant concentration data in the premicellar region were regressed using Gibbs adsorption equation. The predicted surface saturations for SDOBS and surfactin are and, respectively. The occupied area per an SDOBS molecule at the interface saturation condition is while that occupied by a surfactin molecule is. The surface saturations reported in this work for both surfactants are in a very good agreement with those obtained using expensive techniques such as neutron reflectometry, suggesting that the surface tension measurements coupled with appropriate theoretical analysis could provide useful information comparable to those obtained using highly sophisticated techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-liquid%20interface" title=" air-liquid interface"> air-liquid interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactant" title=" biosurfactant"> biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20tension" title=" surface tension"> surface tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17087/adsorption-kinetics-and-equilibria-at-an-air-liquid-interface-of-biosurfactant-and-synthetic-surfactant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">713</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">536</span> LIFirr with an Indicator of Microbial Activity in Paraffinic Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Casiraghi">M. P. Casiraghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Quintella"> C. M. Quintella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Almeida"> P. Almeida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paraffinic oils were submitted to microbial action. The microorganisms consisted of bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus lincheniforms. The alterations in interfacial tension were determined using a tensometer and applying the hanging drop technique at room temperature (299 K ±275 K). The alteration in the constitution of the paraffins was evaluated by means of gas chromatography. The microbial activity was observed to reduce interfacial tension by 54 to 78%, as well as consuming the paraffins C19 to C29 and producing paraffins C36 to C44. The LIFirr technique made it possible to determine the microbial action quickly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraffins" title="paraffins">paraffins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactants" title=" biosurfactants"> biosurfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIFirr" title=" LIFirr"> LIFirr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20activity" title=" microbial activity"> microbial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20489/lifirr-with-an-indicator-of-microbial-activity-in-paraffinic-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">535</span> Effect of the Truss System to the Flexural Behavior of the External Reinforced Concrete Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudy%20Djamaluddin">Rudy Djamaluddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Bachtiar"> Yasser Bachtiar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Irmawati"> Rita Irmawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd.%20Madjid%20Akkas"> Abd. Madjid Akkas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rusdi%20Usman%20Latief"> Rusdi Usman Latief</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aesthetic qualities and the versatility of reinforced concrete have made it a popular choice for many architects and structural engineers. Therefore, the exploration of natural materials such as gravels and sands as well as lime-stone for cement production is increasing to produce a concrete material. The exploration must affect to the environment. Therefore, the using of the concrete materials should be as efficient as possible. According to its natural behavior of the concrete material, it is strong in compression and weak in tension. Therefore the contribution of the tensile stresses of the concrete to the flexural capacity of the beams is neglected. However, removing of concrete on tension zone affects to the decreasing of flexural capacity. Introduce the strut action of truss structures may an alternative to solve the decreasing of flexural capacity. A series of specimens were prepared to clarify the effect of the truss structures in the concrete beams without concrete on the tension zone. Results indicated that the truss system is necessary for the external reinforced concrete beams. The truss system of concrete beam without concrete on tension zone (BR) could develop almost same capacity to the normal beam (BN). It can be observed also that specimens BR has lower number of cracks than specimen BN. This may be caused by the fact that there was no bonding effect on the tensile reinforcement on specimen BR to distribute the cracks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20reinforcement" title="external reinforcement">external reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truss" title=" truss"> truss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20beams" title=" concrete beams"> concrete beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20behavior" title=" flexural behavior"> flexural behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6409/effect-of-the-truss-system-to-the-flexural-behavior-of-the-external-reinforced-concrete-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">534</span> Mathieu Stability of Offshore Buoyant Leg Storage and Regasification Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chandrasekaran">S. Chandrasekaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20A.%20Kiran"> P. A. Kiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing demand for large-sized Floating, Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) for oil and gas industries led to the development of novel geometric form of Buoyant Leg Storage and Regasification Platform (BLSRP). BLSRP consists of a circular deck supported by six buoyant legs placed symmetrically with respect to wave direction. Circular deck is connected to buoyant legs using hinged joints, which restrain transfer of rotational response from the legs to deck and vice-versa. Buoyant legs are connected to seabed using taut moored system with high initial pretension, enabling rigid body motion in vertical plane. Encountered environmental loads induce dynamic tether tension variations, which in turn affect stability of the platform. The present study investigates Mathieu stability of BLSRP under the postulated tether pullout cases by inducing additional tension in the tethers. From the numerical studies carried out, it is seen that postulated tether pullout on any one of the buoyant legs does not result in Mathieu type instability even under excessive tether tension. This is due to the presence of hinged joints, which are capable of dissipating the unbalanced loads to other legs. However, under tether pullout of consecutive buoyant legs, Mathieu-type instability is observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20platforms" title="offshore platforms">offshore platforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postulated%20failure" title=" postulated failure"> postulated failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20tether%20tension" title=" dynamic tether tension"> dynamic tether tension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76103/mathieu-stability-of-offshore-buoyant-leg-storage-and-regasification-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tension&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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