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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ_ਲਿਖਤਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ_ਲਿਖਤਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ_ਲਿਖਤਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 119 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Атиурк бызшәақәа – ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Атиурк бызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiese_tale" title="Turkiese tale – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkiese tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA%E1%8A%AD_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD_%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B0%E1%88%A0%E1%89%A5" title="የቱርኪክ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ – ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቱርኪክ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_turquicas" title="Luengas turquicas – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas turquicas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات أتراكية – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات أتراكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_t%C3%BArquiques" title="Llingües túrquiques – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües túrquiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Туркиял мацӀал – ਅਵਾਰਿਕ" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркиял мацӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="ਅਵਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dill%C9%99ri" title="Türk dilləri – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türk dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تورک دیللری – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورک دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төрки телдәр – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төрки телдәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiorku_kalbas" title="Tiorku kalbas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tiorku kalbas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Цюркскія мовы – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цюркскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Цюрскія мовы – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цюрскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тюркски езици – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тюркски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="তুর্কীয় ভাষাসমূহ – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কীয় ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_turkek" title="Yezhoù turkek – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù turkek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_jezici" title="Turkijski jezici – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turkijski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_t%C3%BArquiques" title="Llengües túrquiques – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües túrquiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Туьркийн меттанаш – ਚੇਚਨ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туьркийн меттанаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਚਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمانە تورکییەکان – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانە تورکییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy_tiller" title="Türkiy tiller – ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkiy tiller" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Turkické jazyky – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turkické jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тĕрĕк чĕлхисем – ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕрĕк чĕлхисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Tyrcaidd" title="Ieithoedd Tyrcaidd – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Tyrcaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_sprog" title="Tyrkiske sprog – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksprachen" title="Turksprachen – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turksprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_T%C4%B1rki" title="Zıwanê Tırki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Tırki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkojske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Turkojske rěcy – ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Τουρκικές γλώσσες – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjurka_lingvaro" title="Tjurka lingvaro – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tjurka lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_t%C3%BArquicas" title="Lenguas túrquicas – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas túrquicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgi_keeled" title="Turgi keeled – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turgi keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiar_hizkuntzak" title="Turkiar hizkuntzak – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiar hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های ترکی – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های ترکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkkilaiset_kielet" title="Turkkilaiset kielet – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkkilaiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_turciques" title="Langues turciques – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues turciques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkspriaken" title="Turkspriaken – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Turkspriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkske_talen" title="Turkske talen – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_Tuircice" title="Teangacha Tuircice – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Tuircice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dilleri" title="Türk dilleri – ਗਾਗੌਜ਼" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türk dilleri" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="ਗਾਗੌਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_turcas" title="Linguas turcas – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas turcas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk_Ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Turk Ngî-chhu̍k – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Turk Ngî-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות טורקיות – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות טורקיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="तुर्की भाषा परिवार – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_bhasa" title="Turkic bhasa – ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_jezici" title="Turkijski jezici – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turkijski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Turkske rěče – ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_nyelvek" title="Török nyelvek – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Török nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Թյուրքական լեզվախումբ – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թյուրքական լեզվախումբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Turkik" title="Rumpun bahasa Turkik – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Turkik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Тюркий метташ – ਇੰਗੁਸ਼" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тюркий метташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਗੁਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka_lingui" title="Turka lingui – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turka lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrk%C3%ADsk_m%C3%A1l" title="Tyrkísk mál – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkísk mál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_turche" title="Lingue turche – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue turche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="チュルク語族 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チュルク語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_basa_Turk" title="Kulawarga basa Turk – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga basa Turk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="თურქული ენები – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქული ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_titurkiyin" title="Tutlayin titurkiyin – ਕਬਾਇਲ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayin titurkiyin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ਕਬਾਇਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_Bahasa_Turkik" title="Rumpun Bahasa Turkik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rumpun Bahasa Turkik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Түркі тілдері – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркі тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="튀르크어족 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르크어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_tirk%C3%AE" title="Zimanên tirkî – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên tirkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Түрк тилдери – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түрк тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Turcicae" title="Linguae Turcicae – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Turcicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Туьрк чӀалар – ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьрк чӀалар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_turcica" title="Linguas turcica – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas turcica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiurk%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Tiurkų kalbos – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiurkų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjurku_valodas" title="Tjurku valodas – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tjurku valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_torkika" title="Fianakaviam-piteny torkika – ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny torkika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Тюрк йылме-влак – ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тюрк йылме-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Туркиски јазици – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туркиски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="തുർക്കിക് ഭാഷകൾ – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കിക് ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Түрэг хэлний язгуур – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Түрэг хэлний язгуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="तुर्की भाषासमूह – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्की भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa-bahasa Turki – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkse_talen" title="Turkse talen – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tyrkiske språk – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tyrkiske språk – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_turquesas" title="Lengas turquesas – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas turquesas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Тюркаг æвзæгтæ – ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тюркаг æвзæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_turkijskie" title="Języki turkijskie – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki turkijskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ترک بولیاں – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترک بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_turcomanas" title="Línguas turcomanas – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas turcomanas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku_rimaykuna" title="Turku rimaykuna – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turku rimaykuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_turcice" title="Limbi turcice – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi turcice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тюркские языки – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тюркские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Түүр тыллара – ਸਾਖਾ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүр тыллара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ – ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACnguas_turcas" title="Lìnguas turcas – ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lìnguas turcas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_leids" title="Turkic leids – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkic leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_jezici" title="Turkijski jezici – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turkijski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Turkické jazyky – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turkické jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%A1ki_jeziki" title="Turški jeziki – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turški jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitauro_ye_chiTuruki" title="Mitauro ye chiTuruki – ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitauro ye chiTuruki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_turkike" title="Gjuhët turkike – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët turkike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Туркијски језици – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туркијски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksproaken" title="Turksproaken – ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Turksproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkspr%C3%A5k" title="Turkspråk – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kiturki" title="Lugha za Kiturki – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kiturki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecke_godki" title="Turecke godki – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turecke godki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="துருக்கிய மொழிகள் – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கிய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Забонҳои туркӣ – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забонҳои туркӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มภาษาเตอร์กิก – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาเตอร์กิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_dilleri" title="Türk dilleri – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türk dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төрки телләр – ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрки телләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Түрк дылдар – ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Түрк дылдар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Тюрк кылъёс – ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Тюрк кылъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تۈركىي تىللار – ਉਇਗੁਰ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركىي تىللار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ਉਇਗੁਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Тюркські мови – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тюркські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="ترک زبانیں – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترک زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiy_tillar" title="Turkiy tillar – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiy tillar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_Turk" title="Ngữ hệ Turk – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Turk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turksche_toaln" title="Turksche toaln – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turksche toaln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="突厥语族 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="突厥语族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥语系 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="突厥语系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥語系 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="突厥語系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ਨਾਂ-ਥਾਂ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ਾ ਵੇਖੋ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਚਰਚਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ਗੱਲਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਰੂਪ ਬਦਲੋ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ਵੇਖੋ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0"><span>ਪੜ੍ਹੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸੰਦ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25BE_%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25BE_%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0"><span>QR ਕੋਡ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pa.wikipedia.org/s/7my" title="ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇਸ ਛੋਟੀ ਕੜੀ ਦੀ ਨਕਲ ਕਰੋ"><span>ਛੋਟਾ 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id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0&printable=yes" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਰੂਪ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkic_languages" hreflang="en"><span>ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਕਾਮਨਜ਼</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34090" title="ਡਾਟਾ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਕੜੀ ਜੋੜੋ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ਵਿਕੀਡਾਟਾ ਆਈਟਮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627788">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765565">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: yellowgreen;">ਤੁਰਕੀ</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ<br />ਵੰਡ</th><td class="infobox-data">From <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeastern_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeastern Europe (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Southeastern Europe</a> to Western China and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siberia (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Siberia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ">ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਵਰਗੀਕਰਨ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਦੁਨੀਆ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਪਰੋਟੋ-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪਰੋਟੋ-ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪਰੋਟੋ-ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oghur_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oghur languages (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Oghur (Lir-, r-)</a></li> <li>Southwestern (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oghuz_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oghuz languages (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Oghuz</a>)</li> <li>Northwestern (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kypchak_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kypchak languages (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kypchak</a>)</li> <li>Southeastern (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karluk_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karluk languages (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Karluk/Uyghur</a>)</li> <li>Northeastern (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Siberian_Turkic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siberian Turkic languages (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Siberian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaj_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalaj language (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88.%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B8.%E0%A8%93_639-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਈ.ਐਸ.ਓ 639-5 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਆਈ.ਐਸ.ਓ 639-5</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88.%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B8.%E0%A8%93639-3:trk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਈ.ਐਸ.ਓ639-3:trk (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">trk</a></samp></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottolog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottolog (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/turk1311">turk1311</a></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Carte_peuples_turcs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Carte_peuples_turcs.png/300px-Carte_peuples_turcs.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Carte_peuples_turcs.png/450px-Carte_peuples_turcs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Carte_peuples_turcs.png/600px-Carte_peuples_turcs.png 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Turkic languages</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ</b> ਇੱਕ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਵਾਰ">ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਵਾਰ</a> ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੱਖਣੀ-ਪੂਰਬੀ ਯੂਰਪ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਭੂ-ਮੱਧ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ">ਭੂ-ਮੱਧ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਾਈਬੇਰੀਆ">ਸਾਈਬੇਰੀਆ</a> ਅਤੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚੀਨ">ਚੀਨ</a> ਦੇ ਤੁਰਕੀ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬੋਲੀਆਂ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਘੱਟੋ-ਘੱਟ 35 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਹਨ।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਇਸ ਨੂੰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਅਲਤਾਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ">ਅਲਤਾਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_Altaic_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue_Altaic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LanguagesOfTheWorld_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LanguagesOfTheWorld-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ 17 ਕਰੋੜ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਾਂ ਬੋਲੀ">ਮਾਂ ਬੋਲੀ</a> ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸਦੇ ਕੁੱਲ ਬੁਲਾਰੇ 20 ਕਰੋੜ ਤੋਂ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਹਨ।<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਇਸ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a> ਹੈ ਜੋ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਕਰ ਕੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਅਨਾਤੋਲੀਆ">ਅਨਾਤੋਲੀਆ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਾਲਕਨ">ਬਾਲਕਨ</a> ਇਲਾਕੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ 40% ਬੁਲਾਰਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਮਾਂ-ਬੋਲੀ ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-LanguagesOfTheWorld_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LanguagesOfTheWorld-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗ਼ੈਰਹਾਜ਼ਰ-ਕਰਤਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗ਼ੈਰਹਾਜ਼ਰ-ਕਰਤਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</a> ਹਨ ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਭਾਵ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਤਹੀ ਪੱਧਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਕਰਤਾ ਗ਼ੈਰਹਾਜ਼ਰ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਗਹਿਣ ਬਣਤਰ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਈ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਤੋਂ ਕਰਤਾ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨਿਕ ਲਿੰਗ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਿਆਕਰਨਿਕ ਲਿੰਗ</a> ਦੀ ਅਣਹੋਂਦ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਬਣਤਰ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕਰਤਾ-ਕਰਮ-ਕਿਰਿਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਰਤਾ-ਕਰਮ-ਕਿਰਿਆ</a> ਵਾਲੀ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ_ਲਿਖਤਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.AE.E0.A9.81.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.A2.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.82_.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.96.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਮੁੱਢਲੀਆਂ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ 8ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਓਰਖੋਨ ਹੱਥਲਿਖਤਾਂ ਹਨ ਜੋ 1889 ਵਿੱਚ ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ ਦੀ ਓਰਖੋਨ ਘਾਟੀ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸਨ।ਕਾਸਗਰਲੀ ਮਹਿਮੂਦ ਦੀ 11ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਦਿਵਾਨ ਲੁਗਤ-ਏ-ਤੁਰਕ(<i>Divânü Lügati't-Türk</i>) ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਕੋਸ਼ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਤੁਰਕੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੇ ਬੁਲਾਰਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਦਾ ਨਕਸ਼ਾ ਵੀ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਕਰਕੇ ਇਸ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਦੀ ਦੱਖਣੀ-ਪੱਛਮੀ ਸ਼ਾਖਾ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-Soucek_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soucek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dybo A.V., <i>"Chronology of Türkic languages and linguistic contacts of early Türks"</i>, Moskow, 2007, p. 766, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://altaica.narod.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050311224856/http://altaica.narod.ru/LIBRARY/xronol_tu.pdf">Archived</a> 2005-03-11 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. (<i>In Russian</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue_Altaic-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_Altaic_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGordon,_Raymond_G.,_Jr._(ed.)2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnologue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnologue (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.)</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90009">"Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Language Family Trees – Altaic"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World%2C+Fifteenth+edition.+Language+Family+Trees+%E2%80%93+Altaic&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Raymond+G.%2C+Jr.+%28ed.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_family.asp%3Fsubid%3D90009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LanguagesOfTheWorld-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LanguagesOfTheWorld_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LanguagesOfTheWorld_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFKatzner2002" class="citation book cs1">Katzner, Kenneth (March 2002). <i>Languages of the World, Third Edition</i>. Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-415-25004-7" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-415-25004-7"><bdi>978-0-415-25004-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+the+World%2C+Third+Edition&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+an+imprint+of+Taylor+%26+Francis+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2002-03&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25004-7&rft.aulast=Katzner&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigitte Moser, Michael Wilhelm Weithmann, Landeskunde Türkei: Geschichte, Gesellschaft und Kultur, Buske Publishing, 2008, p.173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Deutsches Orient-Institut, Orient, Vol. 41, Alfred Röper Publushing, 2000, p.611</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116103056/http://www.zaman.com.tr/iskander-pala/turkceyi-kac-kisi-konusuyor_480993.html">"ਪੁਰਾਲੇਖ ਕੀਤੀ ਕਾਪੀ"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaman.com.tr/iskander-pala/turkceyi-kac-kisi-konusuyor_480993.html">the original</a> on 2014-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaman.com.tr%2Fiskander-pala%2Fturkceyi-kac-kisi-konusuyor_480993.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soucek-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Soucek_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSoucek2000" class="citation book cs1">Soucek, Svat (March 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofinneras00souc"><i>A History of Inner Asia</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-521-65169-1" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-521-65169-1"><bdi>978-0-521-65169-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Inner+Asia&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000-03&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65169-1&rft.aulast=Soucek&rft.aufirst=Svat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofinneras00souc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80+%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE+%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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