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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Revolutionary era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Republic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Republic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early Republic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Republic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nineteenth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nineteenth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nineteenth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nineteenth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_of_change_(1958–1970s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_of_change_(1958–1970s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Era of change (1958–1970s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_of_change_(1958–1970s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revised_prayer_book" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revised_prayer_book"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Revised prayer book</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revised_prayer_book-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordination_of_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordination_of_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Ordination of women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordination_of_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>LGBT issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separations_from_the_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separations_from_the_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.4</span> <span>Separations from the church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separations_from_the_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_property_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_property_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.5</span> <span>Church property disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_property_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_leanings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_leanings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Political leanings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_leanings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parishes_and_dioceses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parishes_and_dioceses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Parishes and dioceses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parishes_and_dioceses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship_and_liturgy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship_and_liturgy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Worship and liturgy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worship_and_liturgy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belief_and_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belief_and_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Belief and practice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Belief_and_practice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Belief and practice subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Belief_and_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Social positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Economic issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_equality,_gender,_and_sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_equality,_gender,_and_sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Marriage equality, gender, and sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_equality,_gender,_and_sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_equality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_equality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Racial equality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_equality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.4</span> <span>Abortion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euthanasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euthanasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.5</span> <span>Euthanasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euthanasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.6</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_punishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_punishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.7</span> <span>Capital punishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_punishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.8</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaccinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaccinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.9</span> <span>Vaccinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaccinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agencies_and_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agencies_and_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Agencies and programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agencies_and_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecumenical_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecumenical_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ecumenical relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecumenical_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecumenical relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecumenical_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Full_communion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_communion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Full communion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_communion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ecumenical_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ecumenical_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Other ecumenical relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ecumenical_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Episcopal Church (United States)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الكنيسة الأسقفية الأمريكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكنيسة الأسقفية الأمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Епіскапальная царква – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Епіскапальная царква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Епископална църква в САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Епископална църква в САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_episcopal_als_Estats_Units" title="Església episcopal als Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Església episcopal als Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkop%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_c%C3%ADrkev_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Episkopální církev Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Episkopální církev Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkopalkirche_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Episkopalkirche der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Episkopalkirche der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_episcopal_en_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Iglesia episcopal en los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia episcopal en los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkopa_Eklezio_de_Usono" title="Episkopa Eklezio de Usono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Episkopa Eklezio de Usono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Eliza_Episkopalianoa" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Eliza Episkopalianoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Eliza Episkopalianoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="کلیسای اپیسکوپال (ایالات متحده آمریکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای اپیسکوپال (ایالات متحده آمریکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_%C3%A9piscopalienne_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Église épiscopalienne des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église épiscopalienne des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%B5%ED%9A%8C" title="미국 성공회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 성공회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Episkopal_Amerika_Serikat" title="Gereja Episkopal Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Episkopal Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Episcopal" title="Ecclesia Episcopal – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ecclesia Episcopal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_episcopale_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Chiesa episcopale (Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa episcopale (Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="הכנסייה האפיסקופלית (ארצות הברית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכנסייה האפיסקופלית (ארצות הברית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Episcopalis" title="Ecclesia Episcopalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia Episcopalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkop%C4%81l%C4%81_bazn%C4%ABca" title="Episkopālā baznīca – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Episkopālā baznīca" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episzkop%C3%A1lis_Egyh%C3%A1z_(Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok)" title="Episzkopális Egyház (Egyesült Államok) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Episzkopális Egyház (Egyesült Államok)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiangonana_Episk%C3%B4paliana_(Etazonia)" title="Fiangonana Episkôpaliana (Etazonia) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiangonana Episkôpaliana (Etazonia)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكنيسه الاسقفيه الامريكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكنيسه الاسقفيه الامريكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopaalse_Kerk_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="Episcopaalse Kerk (Verenigde Staten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Episcopaalse Kerk (Verenigde Staten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A" title="米国聖公会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="米国聖公会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_episkopale_kirke" title="Den episkopale kirke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den episkopale kirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Episkopalny_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych" title="Kościół Episkopalny w Stanach Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kościół Episkopalny w Stanach Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Episcopal_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Igreja Episcopal dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Episcopal dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biserica_Episcopal%C4%83_din_Statele_Unite" title="Biserica Episcopală din Statele Unite – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biserica Episcopală din Statele Unite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Епископальная церковь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Епископальная церковь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Kirk_(Unitit_States)" title="Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Episcopal Church (United States)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkop%C3%A1lna_cirkev_Spojen%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov" title="Episkopálna cirkev Spojených štátov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Episkopálna cirkev Spojených štátov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_episkopalna_crkva" title="Američka episkopalna crkva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Američka episkopalna crkva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_episkopaalinen_kirkko" title="Yhdysvaltain episkopaalinen kirkko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain episkopaalinen kirkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkopalkyrkan_i_USA" title="Episkopalkyrkan i USA – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Episkopalkyrkan i USA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episkopal_Kilise_(ABD)" title="Episkopal Kilise (ABD) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Episkopal Kilise (ABD)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Єпископальна церква (США) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єпископальна церква (США)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81)" title="اسقفی کلیسیا (ریاستہائے متحدہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسقفی کلیسیا (ریاستہائے متحدہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_h%E1%BB%99i_Gi%C3%A1m_nhi%E1%BB%87m_(Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3)" title="Giáo hội Giám nhiệm (Hoa Kỳ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hội Giám nhiệm (Hoa Kỳ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A" title="美国圣公会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国圣公会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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America</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protestant Anglican denomination</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Episcopal Church" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Episcopal Church (disambiguation)">Episcopal Church (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"American Episcopal Church" redirects here. For the Continuing Anglican denomination, see <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_America" title="Anglican Church in America">Anglican Church in America</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">The Episcopal Church</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Episcopal_Shield.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Episcopal_Shield.svg/150px-Episcopal_Shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Episcopal_Shield.svg/225px-Episcopal_Shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Episcopal_Shield.svg/300px-Episcopal_Shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="641" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Arms</a> of The Episcopal Church: <i>Argent a cross throughout gules, on a canton azure nine cross crosslets in saltire of the field</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">TEC, PECUSA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Bible">Holy Bible</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Anglican doctrine</a> (with various theological and doctrinal identities, including <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglicanism" title="Evangelical Anglicanism">Evangelical</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Governance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">Unitary</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presiding_bishops_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="List of presiding bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">Presiding bishop</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Rowe_(bishop)" title="Sean Rowe (bishop)">Sean W. Rowe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">President of the House of Deputies</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Ayala Harris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Chief of Mission</th><td class="infobox-data">Rev. Lester V. Mackenzie</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Distinct fellowships</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Provinces</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_provinces_and_dioceses_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses of the Episcopal Church">Dioceses</a></th><td class="infobox-data">106</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Parishes</th><td class="infobox-data">6,789 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Associations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">National Council of Churches</a><br /><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_Churches_Together_in_the_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Churches Together in the USA">Christian Churches Together in the USA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">Full communion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht_(Old_Catholic)" title="Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)">Union of Utrecht</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a><br />Northern and Southern Provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Church in America">Moravian Church in America</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Bavaria" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br />Further dioceses in<br /><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_of_Cuba" title="Episcopal Church of Cuba">Cuba</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Haiti" title="Episcopal Diocese of Haiti">Haiti</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Taiwan" title="Episcopal Diocese of Taiwan">Taiwan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Province_9_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 9 of the Episcopal Church">Latin America and the Caribbean</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Convocation_of_Episcopal_Churches_in_Europe" title="Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe">Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English (main communications), Spanish, and French (both metropolitan and Canadian) as major spoken languages but parishes are open to use the language they please.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Liturgy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1979)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1979)">1979 <i>Book of Common Prayer</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">815 <a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">Second Avenue</a><br />New York, New York<br />United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">1785<span class="noprint">; 239 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1785</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Branched from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Absorbed</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hawaii" title="Church of Hawaii">Church of Hawaii</a> (1890s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Separations</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="Reformed Episcopal Church">Reformed Episcopal Church</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Continuum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Continuum">Anglican Continuum</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_the_Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter">Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (2012)</li> <li>Branched-outs: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Episcopal_Church_of_Brazil" title="Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil">Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil</a> (1965)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Episcopal Church in the Philippines">Episcopal Church in the Philippines</a> (1990)</li></ul></div></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">1,584,785 active members (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-stat2022_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1,432,082 active baptized members in the U.S. (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-stat.usa.2022_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat.usa.2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, La Iglesia Episcopal, La Iglesia Episcopal Protestante de los Estados Unidos de América, L'Église épiscopale, L'Église protestante épiscopale des États-Unis d'Amérique</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/">www<wbr />.episcopalchurch<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682443#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;padding-bottom:0.15em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anglicanism" title="Category:Anglicanism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/160px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/240px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/320px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3113" data-file-height="2395" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Anglican doctrine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Books_of_Homilies" title="The Books of Homilies">Books of Homilies</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Divines" title="Caroline Divines">Caroline Divines</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago%E2%80%93Lambeth_Quadrilateral" title="Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral">Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_sacraments" title="Anglican sacraments">Sacraments</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Marian_theology" title="Anglican Marian theology">Mary</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ministry and worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_ministry" title="Anglican ministry">Ministry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican eucharistic theology">Eucharist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_calendars" title="List of Anglican Church calendars">Liturgical year</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Churchmanship" title="Churchmanship">Churchmanship</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low_church" title="Low church">Low</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_churchmanship" title="Central churchmanship">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_church" title="Broad church">Broad</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_religious_order" title="Anglican religious order">Monasticism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Anglicanism" title="Saints in Anglicanism">Saints</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background and history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_medieval_cathedrals_of_England" title="Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England">Medieval cathedral architecture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a><br /><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hooker" title="Richard Hooker">Richard Hooker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">Nonjuring schism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Latitudinarian" title="Latitudinarian">Latitudinarian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Anglo-Catholicism" title="Liberal Anglo-Catholicism">Liberal</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Anglican_Communion" title="History of the Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion history</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Primates_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Primates in the Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion Primates'</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_Primates%27_Meetings" title="Anglican Communion Primates' Meetings">Meetings</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Conference" title="Lambeth Conference">Lambeth Conference</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Communion_dioceses" title="List of Anglican Communion dioceses">Bishops</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Consultative_Council" title="Anglican Consultative Council">Anglican Consultative Council</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_and_ecumenism" title="Anglican Communion and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion">Ordination of women</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Report" title="Windsor Report">Windsor Report</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Other Anglican denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing Anglican movement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Anglican realignment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bartonville_Agreement" title="Bartonville Agreement">Bartonville Agreement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_St._Louis" title="Congress of St. Louis">Congress of St. Louis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_American_Anglican_Conference" title="North American Anglican Conference">North American Anglican Conference</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglicanism" title="Template:Anglicanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglicanism" title="Template talk:Anglicanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglicanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglicanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Episcopal Church</b> (<b>TEC</b>), also officially the <b>Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America</b> (<b>PECUSA</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-j777_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j777-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a member church of the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> based in the United States with additional <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> elsewhere. It is a <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline Protestant</a> denomination and is divided into nine <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_provinces_and_dioceses_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses of the Episcopal Church">provinces</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Presiding_bishop" title="Presiding bishop">presiding bishop</a> of the Episcopal Church is <a href="/wiki/Sean_Rowe_(bishop)" title="Sean Rowe (bishop)">Sean W. Rowe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022, the Episcopal Church had 1,584,785 members,<sup id="cite_ref-stat2022_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom 1,432,082 were in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-stat.usa.2022_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat.usa.2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it was the nation's 14th largest denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-NCC2011yearbook_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCC2011yearbook-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research</a> estimated that 1.2 percent of the adult population in the United States, or 3 million people, self-identify as mainline Episcopalians.<sup id="cite_ref-Religious_Landscape_Study_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religious_Landscape_Study-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church has recorded a regular decline in membership and Sunday attendance since the 1960s, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The church was organized after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, when it became separate from the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, whose clergy are required to swear allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarch</a> as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a>. The Episcopal Church describes itself as "<a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, yet <a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">catholic</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and asserts <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a>, tracing its bishops back to the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> via <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">holy orders</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1979)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1979)">1979 <i>Book of Common Prayer</i></a>, a collection of <a href="/wiki/Rite_(Christianity)" title="Rite (Christianity)">rites</a>, blessings, <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgies</a>, and prayers used throughout the Anglican Communion, is central to Episcopal worship. A <a href="/wiki/Broad_church" title="Broad church">broad spectrum</a> of theological views is represented within the Episcopal Church, including <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglicanism" title="Evangelical Anglicanism">evangelical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Broad_church" title="Broad church">broad church</a> views. </p><p>Historically, the members of the Episcopal Church have played leadership roles in many aspects of American life, including politics, business, science, the arts, and education.<sup id="cite_ref-mainline2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mainline2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_EPISCOPALIANS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hacker_1957_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hacker_1957-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_&_Pyle_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_&_Pyle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About three-quarters of the signers of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> were affiliated with the Episcopal Church, and over a quarter of all Presidents of the United States have been Episcopalians.<sup id="cite_ref-pewresearch.org_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewresearch.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, Episcopalians were overrepresented among American scientific elite and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners.<sup id="cite_ref-Sociology_of_Religion_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sociology_of_Religion-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numbers of the most <a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money">wealthy and affluent American families</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Boston_Brahmin" title="Boston Brahmin">Boston Brahmin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Philadelphians" title="Old Philadelphians">Old Philadelphians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Baltzell_2011_236_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baltzell_2011_236-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_(region)" title="Tidewater (region)">Tidewater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Lowcountry" title="South Carolina Lowcountry">Lowcountry</a> <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> or <a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money">old money</a>, are Episcopalians.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_EPISCOPALIANS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-W._Williams_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W._Williams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Episcopalians were active in the <a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourgeois2004_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourgeois2004-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1960s and 1970s, the church has pursued a more <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">liberal Christian</a> course; there remains a wide spectrum of liberals and conservatives within the church. In 2015, the church's 78th triennial <a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">General Convention</a> passed resolutions allowing the blessing of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a> and approved two official liturgies to bless such unions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has opposed the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> and supported the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>. The church calls for the full legal equality of <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-78th_General_Convention_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78th_General_Convention-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In view of this trend, the conventions of four dioceses of the Episcopal Church voted in 2007 and 2008 to leave that church and to join the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_the_Southern_Cone_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of America">Anglican Church of the Southern Cone of America</a>. Twelve other jurisdictions, serving an estimated 100,000 persons at that time, formed the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a> (ACNA) in 2008. The ACNA and the Episcopal Church are not in full communion with one another. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Episcopal_Church.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Episcopal_Church.png/220px-Flag_of_the_Episcopal_Church.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Episcopal_Church.png/330px-Flag_of_the_Episcopal_Church.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Episcopal_Church.png/440px-Flag_of_the_Episcopal_Church.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Episcopal Church</figcaption></figure> <p>The "Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America" (PECUSA) and "The Episcopal Church" (TEC) are both official names specified in the church's constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-CandC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CandC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter is much more commonly used.<sup id="cite_ref-EnBr_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnBr-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ColEn_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColEn-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other languages, an equivalent is used. For example, in Spanish, the church is called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Iglesia Episcopal Protestante de los Estados Unidos de América</i></span> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Iglesia Episcopal</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Église protestante épiscopale des États-Unis d'Amérique</i></span> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Église épiscopale</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1964, "The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America" was the only official name in use. In the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">high church</a> members advocated changing the name, which they felt did not acknowledge the church's <a href="/wiki/Catholicity#Anglicanism" title="Catholicity">catholic</a> heritage. They were opposed by the church's evangelical wing, which felt that the "Protestant Episcopal" label accurately reflected the Reformed character of Anglicanism. After 1877, alternative names were regularly proposed and rejected by the General Convention. One proposed alternative was "the American Catholic Church". Respondents to a 1961 poll in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Church" title="The Living Church">The Living Church</a></i> favored "The American Episcopal Church."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1960s, opposition to dropping the word "Protestant" had largely subsided. In a 1964 General Convention compromise, priests and <a href="/wiki/Lay_preacher" title="Lay preacher">lay</a> delegates suggested adding a preamble to the church's constitution, recognizing "The Episcopal Church" as a lawful alternate designation while still retaining the earlier name.<sup id="cite_ref-White-Dykman4-6_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-Dykman4-6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 66th General Convention voted in 1979 to use the name "The Episcopal Church" in the Oath of Conformity of the Declaration for Ordination.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evolution of the name can be seen in the church's Book of Common Prayer. In the 1928 BCP, the title page read, "According to the use of The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America", whereas on the title page of the 1979 BCP it states, "According to the use of The Episcopal Church".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZahl199856,_69_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZahl199856,_69-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The Episcopal Church in the United States of America" (ECUSA) has never been an official name of the church but is an alternative commonly seen in English. Since several other churches in the Anglican Communion also use the name "Episcopal", including <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scotland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Episcopal Church in the Philippines">Philippines</a>, some, for example the Anglicans Online directory, add the phrase "in the United States of America".<sup id="cite_ref-Anglicansonline_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anglicansonline-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The full legal name of the national church corporate body is the "Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America",<sup id="cite_ref-CandC_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CandC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was incorporated by the legislature of New York and established in 1821. The membership of the corporation "shall be considered as comprehending all persons who are members of the Church".<sup id="cite_ref-CandC_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CandC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This should not be confused with the name of the church itself, as it is a distinct body relating to church governance.<sup id="cite_ref-CandC_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CandC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to TEC's style guide, "Episcopal" is the adjective that should be used to describe something affiliated with the church, whereas "Episcopalian" is to be used "only as a noun referring to a member of The Episcopal Church."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="History of the Episcopal Church (United States)">History of the Episcopal Church (United States)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newport_parish_west_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Newport_parish_west_facade.jpg/220px-Newport_parish_west_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Newport_parish_west_facade.jpg/330px-Newport_parish_west_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Newport_parish_west_facade.jpg/440px-Newport_parish_west_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Church_(Smithfield,_Virginia)" title="St. Luke's Church (Smithfield, Virginia)">St. Luke's Church</a>, built during the 17th century near <a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Virginia" title="Smithfield, Virginia">Smithfield, Virginia</a> – the oldest Anglican church-building to have survived largely intact in North America</figcaption></figure> <p>The Episcopal Church has its origins in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonies</a>, and it stresses continuity with the early universal <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Church</a> and claims to maintain <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a> (while the Scandinavian Lutheran and <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a> churches accept this claim, the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches do not recognize this claim).<sup id="cite_ref-Allen2016_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen2016-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton1925_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton1925-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydnor198064_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESydnor198064-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a>, in 1607, under the charter of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company_of_London" title="Virginia Company of London">Virginia Company of London</a>. The tower of <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Church" title="Jamestown Church">Jamestown Church</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1639–1643) is one of the oldest surviving Anglican church structures in the United States. The Jamestown church building itself is a modern reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydnor198072_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESydnor198072-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although no American Anglican bishops existed in the colonial era, the Church of England had an official status in several colonies, which meant that local governments paid tax money to local parishes, and the parishes handled some civic functions. The Church of England was designated the <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_early_Virginia" title="Religion in early Virginia">Virginia</a> in 1609, in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> in 1693, in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Maryland#Protestant_revolts" title="History of Maryland">Maryland</a> in 1702, in <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_South_Carolina_(1785%E2%80%932012)#Colonial_origins_(1660–1775)" title="Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina (1785–2012)">South Carolina</a> in 1706, in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> in 1730, and in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> in 1758.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2005188_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2005188-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1635 the <a href="/wiki/Vestry" title="Vestry">vestries</a> and the clergy came loosely under the diocesan authority of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a>. After 1702, the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Propagation_of_the_Gospel_in_Foreign_Parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts">Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts</a> (SPG) began missionary activity throughout the colonies. On the eve of <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Revolution</a> about 400 independent congregations were reported<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (March 2017)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> throughout the colonies. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colonial_Williamsburg_Parish_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Colonial_Williamsburg_Parish_Church.jpg/220px-Colonial_Williamsburg_Parish_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Colonial_Williamsburg_Parish_Church.jpg/330px-Colonial_Williamsburg_Parish_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Colonial_Williamsburg_Parish_Church.jpg/440px-Colonial_Williamsburg_Parish_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bruton_Parish_Church" title="Bruton Parish Church">Bruton Parish Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg" title="Colonial Williamsburg">Colonial Williamsburg</a>, established in 1674. The current building was completed in 1715.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> bishop <a href="/wiki/Jesper_Swedberg" title="Jesper Swedberg">Jesper Swedberg</a>, parishes in colonial America that belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> established <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenical dialogue</a> that resulted in <a href="/wiki/Altar_and_pulpit_fellowship" title="Altar and pulpit fellowship">altar and pulpit fellowship</a> with the Episcopal Church in the 1700s, which led to a merger of all of the Swedish Lutheran churches there into the Episcopal Church by 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolutionary_era">Revolutionary era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Revolutionary era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Embracing the symbols of the British presence in the American colonies, such as the monarchy, the episcopate, and even the language of the <i>Book of Common Prayer</i>, the Church of England almost drove itself to extinction during the upheaval of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell2008_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell2008-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than any other denomination, the War of Independence internally divided both clergy and laity of the Church of England in America, and opinions covered a wide spectrum of political views: <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a>, conciliators, and <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">loyalists</a>. While many Patriots were suspicious of Loyalism in the church, about three-quarters of the signers of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> were nominally Anglican laymen, including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Wythe" title="George Wythe">George Wythe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was often assumed that persons considered "<a href="/wiki/High_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church">High Church</a>" were Loyalists, whereas persons considered "<a href="/wiki/Low_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Church">Low Church</a>" were Patriots: assumptions with possibly dangerous implications for the time. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_North_Church_Boston_DSC_0816_ad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Old_North_Church_Boston_DSC_0816_ad.JPG/170px-Old_North_Church_Boston_DSC_0816_ad.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Old_North_Church_Boston_DSC_0816_ad.JPG/255px-Old_North_Church_Boston_DSC_0816_ad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Old_North_Church_Boston_DSC_0816_ad.JPG/340px-Old_North_Church_Boston_DSC_0816_ad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Church" title="Old North Church">Old North Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. Inspired by the work of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a>, it was completed in 1723.</figcaption></figure> <p>Of the approximately three hundred clergy in the Church of England in America between 1776 and 1783, over 80 percent in New England, New York, and New Jersey were loyalists. This is in contrast to the less than 23 percent loyalist clergy in the four southern colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Church of England clergy remained loyalists as they took their two ordination oaths very seriously. Anglican clergy were obliged to swear allegiance to the king as well as to pray for the king, the royal family, and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">British Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, loyalist clergy stayed by their oaths and prayed for the king or else suspended services.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1776, some Anglican churches were closing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anglican priests held services in private homes or lay readers who were not bound by the oaths held morning and evening prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1775 and 1776, the Continental Congress issued decrees ordering churches to fast and pray on behalf of the Patriots.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting July 4, 1776, Congress and several states passed laws making prayers for the king and British Parliament acts of treason.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The patriot clergy in the South were quick to find reasons to transfer their oaths to the American cause and prayed for the success of the Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One precedent was the transfer of oaths during the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the patriot clergy in the South were able to keep their churches open and services continued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Republic_era">Early Republic era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Republic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the wake of the Revolution, American Episcopalians faced the task of preserving a hierarchical church structure in a society infused with <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republican values</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Swedes_2_NJ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Old_Swedes_2_NJ.JPG/170px-Old_Swedes_2_NJ.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Old_Swedes_2_NJ.JPG/255px-Old_Swedes_2_NJ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Old_Swedes_2_NJ.JPG/340px-Old_Swedes_2_NJ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2594" data-file-height="3459" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Swedesboro,_New_Jersey)" title="Trinity Church (Swedesboro, New Jersey)">Trinity Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Swedesboro,_New_Jersey" title="Swedesboro, New Jersey">Swedesboro, New Jersey</a>. Originally serving a <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> congregation, it became an Episcopal church in 1786, when this building was completed.</figcaption></figure> <p>When the clergy of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> elected <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Seabury_(1729%E2%80%931796)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Seabury (1729–1796)">Samuel Seabury</a> as their bishop in 1783, he sought <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecration</a> in England. The <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Supremacy" title="Oath of Supremacy">Oath of Supremacy</a> prevented Seabury's consecration in England, so he went to Scotland; the <a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">non-juring</a> bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a> consecrated him in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> on November 14, 1784, making him, in the words of scholar Arthur Carl Piepkorn, "the first Anglican bishop appointed to minister outside the British Isles".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiepkorn1977199_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiepkorn1977199-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 3, 1785, the first ordinations on American soil took place at Christ Church in <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Connecticut" title="Middletown, Connecticut">Middletown, Connecticut</a>. </p><p>That same year, 1785, deputations of clergy and laity met in the first General Convention. They drafted a constitution, proposed a first draft of an American Book of Common Prayer, and began negotiating with English Bishops for the consecration of three bishops. The convention met again in 1786 to make several changes that made their liturgy acceptable to the English bishops and to recommend three clergy (who had been elected by state meetings in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York) for consecration as bishops. General Convention met again in 1789, beginning a regular process of meeting every three years. At the 1789 convention they adopted a constitution and canons, and reorganized as a House of Deputies and a House of Bishops. The structure of the Episcopal Church was then complete. </p><p>Later, through the efforts of Bishop <a href="/wiki/Philander_Chase" title="Philander Chase">Philander Chase</a> (1775–1852) of Ohio, Americans successfully sought material assistance from England for the purpose of training Episcopal clergy. The development of the Protestant Episcopal Church provides an example of how Americans in the early republic maintained important cultural ties with England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark1994_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark1994-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1787, two priests – <a href="/wiki/William_White_(Bishop_of_Pennsylvania)" class="mw-redirect" title="William White (Bishop of Pennsylvania)">William White</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Provoost" title="Samuel Provoost">Samuel Provoost</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> – were consecrated as bishops by the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Bath_and_Wells" title="Bishop of Bath and Wells">Bishop of Bath and Wells</a>, the legal obstacles having been removed by the passage through Parliament of the Consecration of Bishops Abroad Act 1786. Thus there are two branches of <a href="/wiki/Historical_episcopate" title="Historical episcopate">apostolic succession</a> for the American bishops: through the non-juring bishops of Scotland who consecrated Samuel Seabury and through the English bishops who consecrated William White, Samuel Provoost, and James Madison. All bishops in the American church are ordained by at least three bishops. The succession of each bishop can be historically traced back to Seabury, White, Provoost, and Madison. (<i>See <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_Bishops_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession of Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States">Succession of Bishops of the Episcopal Church</a>.</i>) </p><p>From July 28 to August 8, 1789, representative clergy from <a href="/wiki/List_of_Original_Dioceses_of_ECUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Original Dioceses of ECUSA">nine dioceses</a> met in Philadelphia to ratify the church's initial constitution; they also formally adopted the name Protestant Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Episcopalname_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Episcopalname-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth bishop of the Episcopal Church was <a href="/wiki/James_Madison_(Episcopal_bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Madison (Episcopal bishop)">James Madison</a>, the first bishop of Virginia. Madison was consecrated in 1790 by the Archbishop of Canterbury and two other Church of England bishops. This third American bishop consecrated within the English line of succession occurred because of continuing unease within the Church of England over Seabury's <a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">non-juring</a> Scottish orders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Episcopal Church thus became the first Anglican province outside the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 September 1792, at the triennial General Convention (<a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a>) of the Episcopal Church at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_John_Claggett" title="Thomas John Claggett">Thomas John Claggett</a> who had been elected by the clergy and laity of Maryland, was consecrated by all four of the existing bishops. He was the first bishop of the Episcopal Church ordained and consecrated in America and the <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_Bishops_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession of Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States">fifth bishop</a> consecrated for the Episcopal Church in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nineteenth_century">Nineteenth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nineteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church.JPG/220px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church.JPG/330px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church.JPG/440px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2453" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Episcopal Church</a>, built in 1816 in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, is known as the "Church of the Presidents" for the many presidents who have worshiped there.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Episcopal_Church,_Walnut_Street,_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_547659f5ed251cd846df560fa3e77b6a.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Christ_Episcopal_Church%2C_Walnut_Street%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_547659f5ed251cd846df560fa3e77b6a.jpeg/220px-Christ_Episcopal_Church%2C_Walnut_Street%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_547659f5ed251cd846df560fa3e77b6a.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Christ_Episcopal_Church%2C_Walnut_Street%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_547659f5ed251cd846df560fa3e77b6a.jpeg/330px-Christ_Episcopal_Church%2C_Walnut_Street%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_547659f5ed251cd846df560fa3e77b6a.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Christ_Episcopal_Church%2C_Walnut_Street%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_547659f5ed251cd846df560fa3e77b6a.jpeg/440px-Christ_Episcopal_Church%2C_Walnut_Street%2C_circa_1877_-_DPLA_-_547659f5ed251cd846df560fa3e77b6a.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Christ Episcopal Church, <a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia" title="Macon, Georgia">Macon, Georgia</a>, c. 1877</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1856, the first society for African Americans in the Episcopal Church was founded by <a href="/wiki/James_Theodore_Holly" title="James Theodore Holly">James Theodore Holly</a>. Named <i>The Protestant Episcopal Society for Promoting The Extension of The Church Among Colored People</i>, the society argued that blacks should be allowed to participate in seminaries and diocesan conventions. The group lost its focus when Holly emigrated to Haiti, but other groups followed after the Civil War. The current <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Black_Episcopalians" title="Union of Black Episcopalians">Union of Black Episcopalians</a> traces its history to the society.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holly went on to found the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Haiti" title="Episcopal Diocese of Haiti">Anglican Church in Haiti</a>, where he became the first African-American bishop on November 8, 1874. As Bishop of Haiti, Holly was the first African American to attend the <a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Conference" title="Lambeth Conference">Lambeth Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he was consecrated by the American Church Missionary Society, an Evangelical Episcopal branch of the Church. </p><p>Episcopal missions chartered by African-Americans in this era were chartered as a <a href="/wiki/Colored_Episcopal_Mission" title="Colored Episcopal Mission">Colored Episcopal Mission</a>. All other missions (white) were chartered as an Organized Episcopal Mission. Many historically Black parishes are still in existence to date.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Episcopal_Montgomery_Feb_2012_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Montgomery_Feb_2012_02.jpg/170px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Montgomery_Feb_2012_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Montgomery_Feb_2012_02.jpg/255px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Montgomery_Feb_2012_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Montgomery_Feb_2012_02.jpg/340px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Montgomery_Feb_2012_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Montgomery,_Alabama)" title="St. John's Episcopal Church (Montgomery, Alabama)">St. John's Episcopal Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery, Alabama</a>, established in 1834. The church building was completed in 1855. The Secession Convention of Southern Churches was held here in 1861.</figcaption></figure> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> began in 1861, Episcopalians in the South formed the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Episcopal_Church_in_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America">Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America</a>. However, in the North, the separation was never officially recognized. In particular, the Episcopalian communities in Pennsylvania supported free black communities and the Underground Railroad.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 16, 1866, the southern dioceses had rejoined the national church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason1990_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason1990-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglicanism" title="Evangelical Anglicanism">evangelical Episcopalians</a> disturbed by <a href="/wiki/High_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church">High Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Tractarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tractarianism">Tractarianism</a>, while continuing to work in interdenominational agencies, formed their own voluntary societies, and eventually, in 1874, a faction objecting to the revival of ritual practices established the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="Reformed Episcopal Church">Reformed Episcopal Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1995_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1995-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Samuel_David_Ferguson" title="Samuel David Ferguson">Samuel David Ferguson</a> was the first black bishop consecrated by the Episcopal Church, the first to practice in the U.S. and the first black person to sit in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bishops" title="House of Bishops">House of Bishops</a>. Bishop Ferguson was consecrated on June 24, 1885, with the then-Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church acting as a consecrator. </p><p>In the following year, <a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Potter" title="Henry C. Potter">Henry C. Potter</a>, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New York, addressed his clergymen upon the question of Labor. <a href="/wiki/Church_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_the_Interests_of_Labor" title="Church Association for the Advancement of the Interests of Labor">Church Association for the Advancement of the Interests of Labor</a> was formed in 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-Annual-1912_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annual-1912-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church,_interior,_1872_-_DPLA_-_604aa23b488c88554faa7c9fc1a78b0d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Saint_Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church%2C_interior%2C_1872_-_DPLA_-_604aa23b488c88554faa7c9fc1a78b0d.jpg/220px-Saint_Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church%2C_interior%2C_1872_-_DPLA_-_604aa23b488c88554faa7c9fc1a78b0d.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Saint_Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church%2C_interior%2C_1872_-_DPLA_-_604aa23b488c88554faa7c9fc1a78b0d.jpg/330px-Saint_Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church%2C_interior%2C_1872_-_DPLA_-_604aa23b488c88554faa7c9fc1a78b0d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Saint_Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church%2C_interior%2C_1872_-_DPLA_-_604aa23b488c88554faa7c9fc1a78b0d.jpg/440px-Saint_Paul%27s_Episcopal_Church%2C_interior%2C_1872_-_DPLA_-_604aa23b488c88554faa7c9fc1a78b0d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Saint Paul's Episcopal Church, interior, 1872</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a>, highly prominent laity such as bankers <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a>, industrialist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a>, and art collector <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner">Isabella Stewart Gardner</a> played a central role in shaping a distinctive upper class Episcopalian ethos, especially with regard to preserving the arts and history. These philanthropists propelled the Episcopal Church into a quasi-national position of importance while at the same time giving the church a central role in the cultural transformation of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2006_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2006-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another mark of influence is the fact that more than a quarter of all <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">presidents of the United States</a> have been Episcopalians (see <a href="/wiki/Religious_affiliations_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Religious affiliations of presidents of the United States">religious affiliations of presidents of the United States</a>). It was during this period that the <i>Book of Common Prayer</i> was revised, first in 1892 and later in 1928. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_of_change_(1958–1970s)"><span id="Era_of_change_.281958.E2.80.931970s.29"></span>Era of change (1958–1970s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Era of change (1958–1970s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, the church's general convention was moved from Houston to Honolulu, due to continuing racial segregation in the former city.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 1958 general convention, a coalition of <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> church members succeeded in passing a resolution recognizing "the natural dignity and value of every man, of whatever color or race, as created in the image of God". It called on Episcopalians "to work together, in charity and forbearance, towards the establishment ... of full opportunities in fields such as education, housing, employment and public accommodations". A 2,500-word pastoral letter was sent by the House of Bishops to be read at all 7,290 Episcopal churches, urging justice in racial matters, with reference to the <a href="/wiki/Cooper_v._Aaron" title="Cooper v. Aaron">Supreme Court decision</a> on integration in public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity (ESCRU) was founded in December 1959 in order to eliminate racial, ethnic, and class barriers within the Episcopal Church. Opposition from southern church leaders prevented the Episcopal Church from taking a strong stand on civil rights prior to 1963. One prominent opponent of the movement was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carpenter_(bishop)" title="Charles Carpenter (bishop)">Charles C.J. Carpenter</a>, the Bishop of Alabama.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004134_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004134-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1963, many church leaders felt more comfortable speaking out in support of racial equality. That year, Presiding Bishop <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Lichtenberger" title="Arthur C. Lichtenberger">Arthur Lichtenberger</a> wrote a pastoral letter urging Christians to work "across lines of racial separation, in a common struggle for justice", and the House of Bishops endorsed civil rights legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004135_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004135-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tensions around the civil rights movement persisted, however. At the 1964 General Convention, when the House of Deputies rejected a resolution sanctioning civil disobedience under special circumstances, <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a>, a deputy to the convention, led many African-American deputies in a "walk out" protest of the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, Lichtenberger's successor, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Hines" title="John E. Hines">John Hines</a>, led the Episcopal Church to implement the General Convention Special Program (GCSP). The program was designed to redirect nine million dollars over a three-year period (a quarter of the church's operating budget at the time) to fund special grants for community organizations and grassroots efforts facilitating black empowerment in America's urban ghettos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004136_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004136-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effectiveness of the GCSP was limited due to the reluctance of conservative bishops in southern dioceses, who objected to the awarding of grants to groups perceived as radical. The GCSP drew opposition from the recently formed Foundation for Christian Theology, a conservative organization opposed to "involv[ing] the Church in the social, political, and economic activities of our times". The Special General Convention also witnessed protests of the Vietnam War. During this time period, African-American clergy organized the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Black_Episcopalians" title="Union of Black Episcopalians">Union of Black Episcopalians</a> to achieve full inclusion of African Americans at all levels of the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004137-8_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004137-8-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women were first admitted as delegates to the church's general convention in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, Vaughan Booker, who confessed to the murder of his wife and was sentenced to life in prison, was ordained to the diaconate in <a href="/wiki/State_Correctional_Institution_%E2%80%93_Graterford" title="State Correctional Institution – Graterford">Graterford State Prison</a>'s chapel in Pennsylvania after having repented of his sins, becoming a symbol of redemption and atonement.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrum200017_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrum200017-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent decades, the Episcopal Church, like other <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline</a> churches, has experienced a decline in membership as well as internal controversy over <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women#Anglican" title="Ordination of women">women's ordination</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Anglicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Anglicanism">place of homosexuals in the church</a>. The 1976 General Convention also passed a resolution calling for an end to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and in 1985 called for "dioceses, institutions, and agencies" to create <a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity_employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal opportunity employment">equal opportunity employment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> policies to address any potential "racial inequities" in clergy placement. Because of these and other controversial issues including abortion, individual members and clergy can and do frequently disagree with the stated position of the church's leadership. In January 2016, the Anglican Primates Meeting at Canterbury decided that in response to the "distance" caused by what it called "unilateral action on matters of doctrine without catholic unity", "for a period of three years, The Episcopal Church [would neither] represent [the Communion] on ecumenical and interfaith bodies… [nor] take part in decision making on any issues pertaining to doctrine or <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Polity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical Polity">polity</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revised_prayer_book">Revised prayer book</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Revised prayer book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1979)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1979)">Book of Common Prayer (1979)</a></div> <p>In 1976, the General Convention adopted a new prayer book, which was a substantial revision and modernization of the previous 1928 edition. It incorporated many principles of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenical movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical movement">liturgical movement</a>, which had been discussed at <a href="/wiki/Vatican_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican II">Vatican II</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Black2005_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black2005-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version was adopted as the official prayer book in 1979 after an initial three-year trial use. As such, the liturgies used by the Catholic, Lutheran, Episcopal, Methodist and Reformed traditions are "nearly identical".<sup id="cite_ref-Ramshaw2004_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramshaw2004-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several conservative parishes, however, continued to use the 1928 version. In Advent of 2007, the use of the ecumenical <a href="/wiki/Revised_Common_Lectionary" title="Revised Common Lectionary">Revised Common Lectionary</a> in the Episcopal Church became the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black2005_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black2005-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the General Convention authorized a Task Force for Liturgical and Prayer Book Revision to consider further revisions, particularly to use more inclusive language and to give more attention to the <a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">stewardship of God's creation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ordination_of_women">Ordination of women</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ordination of women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 29, 1974, a group of women known as the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eleven" title="Philadelphia Eleven">Philadelphia Eleven</a> were irregularly ordained as priests in the Episcopal Church by bishops Daniel Corrigan, Robert L. DeWitt, and Edward R. Welles, assisted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jose_Antonio_Ramos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jose Antonio Ramos (page does not exist)">Antonio Ramos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 7, 1975, four more women (the "<a href="/wiki/Washington_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Four">Washington Four</a>") were irregularly ordained by retired bishop <a href="/wiki/George_W._Barrett_(bishop)" title="George W. Barrett (bishop)">George W. Barrett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the wake of the controversy over the ordination of the Philadelphia Eleven, the General Convention permitted the ordination of women in 1976 and recognized the ordinations of the 15 forerunners. The first women were canonically ordained to the priesthood in 1977. The first woman to become a bishop, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Clementine_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Clementine Harris">Barbara Harris</a>, was consecrated on February 11, 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, there was still tolerance for those dioceses which opposed women's ordination. In 1994, the General Convention affirmed that there was value in the theological position that women should not be ordained. In 1997, however, the General Convention then determined that "the canons regarding the ordination, licensing, and deployment of women are mandatory" and required noncompliant dioceses to issue status reports on their progress towards full compliance.<sup id="cite_ref-1997-A053_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1997-A053-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the General Convention elected <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Jefferts_Schori" title="Katharine Jefferts Schori">Katharine Jefferts Schori</a> as <a href="/wiki/Presiding_bishop#The_Episcopal_Church" title="Presiding bishop">Presiding Bishop</a>. She was the first woman to become a <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primate</a> in the Anglican Communion. Schori's election was controversial in the wider Anglican Communion because not all of the communion recognized the ordination of women.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a> (ACNA), three U.S. dioceses did not ordain women as priests or bishops: <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_San_Joaquin" title="Episcopal Diocese of San Joaquin">San Joaquin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Quincy" title="Episcopal Diocese of Quincy">Quincy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Fort_Worth_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth (Episcopal Church)">Fort Worth</a>. Following the departures of their conservative majorities, all three dioceses now ordain women. With the October 16, 2010, ordination of Margaret Lee, in the Peoria-based Diocese of Quincy, Illinois, women have been ordained as priests in all dioceses of the Episcopal Church in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-lastepiscopol_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lastepiscopol-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBT_issues">LGBT issues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: LGBT issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church affirmed at the 1976 <a href="/wiki/General_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="General Convention">General Convention</a> that <a href="/wiki/Homosexuals" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuals">homosexuals</a> are "children of God" who deserve acceptance and <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_care" title="Pastoral care">pastoral care</a> from the church and <a href="/wiki/Equal_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal protection">equal protection</a> under the law.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first openly <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> person ordained as a priest was <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Barrett" title="Ellen Barrett">Ellen Barrett</a> in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite such an affirmation of <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights_in_the_US" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights in the US">gay rights</a>, the General Convention affirmed in 1991 that "physical sexual expression" is only appropriate within the <a href="/wiki/Monogamous" class="mw-redirect" title="Monogamous">monogamous</a> lifelong "union of husband and wife".<sup id="cite_ref-1991-A104_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1991-A104-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeneRobinson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GeneRobinson.jpg/170px-GeneRobinson.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GeneRobinson.jpg/255px-GeneRobinson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GeneRobinson.jpg/340px-GeneRobinson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="3429" /></a><figcaption>Gene Robinson in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>The church elected its first openly gay bishop, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Robinson" title="Gene Robinson">Gene Robinson</a>, in June 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams2006_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams2006-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> News of Robinson's election caused a crisis in both the American church and the wider <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>. In October 2003, Anglican primates (the heads of the Anglican Communion's 38 member churches) convened an emergency meeting. The meeting's final communiqué included the warning that if Robinson's consecration proceeded, it would "tear the fabric of the communion at its deepest level".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The news of his ordination caused such an outrage that during the ceremony Robinson wore a <a href="/wiki/Bullet-proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullet-proof">bullet-proof</a> vest beneath his <a href="/wiki/Vestments" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestments">vestments</a>, and he also received numerous death threats following his installation as bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_New_Hampshire" title="Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire">Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the General Convention charged the Standing Commission on Liturgy and Music to develop theological and liturgical resources for same-sex blessings and report back to the General Convention in 2012. It also gave bishops an option to provide "generous pastoral support", especially where civil authorities have legalized same-gender marriage, civil unions, or domestic partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-2009-C056_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009-C056-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 14, 2009, the Episcopal Church's House of Bishops voted that "any ordained ministry" is open to gay men and <a href="/wiki/Lesbians" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbians">lesbians</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> said the move was "likely to send shockwaves through the Anglican Communion". This vote ended a moratorium on ordaining gay bishops passed in 2006 and passed in spite of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a>'s personal call at the start of the convention that, "I hope and pray that there won't be decisions in the coming days that will push us further apart."<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20090715_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20090715-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 10, 2012, the Episcopal Church approved an official liturgy for the blessing of same-sex relationships. This liturgy was not a marriage rite, but the blessing included an exchange of vows and the couple's agreement to enter into a lifelong committed relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 29, 2015, at the 78th General Convention of the Episcopal Church, a resolution removing the definition of marriage as being between one man and one woman was passed by the House of Bishops with 129 in favor, 26 against, and 5 abstaining.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Welby" title="Justin Welby">Justin Welby</a>, expressed "deep concern" over the ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Anglican leaders temporarily suspended the Episcopal Church from key positions in their global fellowship in response to the church changing its canons on marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> people have also joined the priesthood in the Episcopal Church. The Rev. <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Partridge" title="Cameron Partridge">Cameron Partridge</a>, who transitioned in 2001 and was ordained in 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first openly transgender priest to preach at the Washington National Cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Separations_from_the_church">Separations from the church</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Separations from the church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ECUSA_South_Carolina.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ECUSA_South_Carolina.png/220px-ECUSA_South_Carolina.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ECUSA_South_Carolina.png/330px-ECUSA_South_Carolina.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ECUSA_South_Carolina.png/440px-ECUSA_South_Carolina.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Many members and parishes of the historic <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_South_Carolina_(before_2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina (before 2012)">Diocese of South Carolina</a> left the Episcopal Church in 2012, eventually becoming a diocese of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the ordination of Bp. Gene Robinson in 2003, some members of a number of congregations left the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in Cleveland, Ohio, four parishes "with about 1,300 active members, decided to leave the U.S. church and the local diocese because of 'divergent understandings of the authority of scripture and traditional Christian teaching.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four dioceses also voted to leave the church; Pittsburgh, Quincy, Fort Worth, and San Joaquin. The stated reasons included those expressed by the Pittsburgh diocese, which complained that the church had been "hijacked" by liberal bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later, in 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_South_Carolina" title="Anglican Diocese of South Carolina">Diocese of South Carolina</a> voted to withdraw. </p><p>The Episcopal Church did not acknowledge any of the purported diocesan withdrawals, stating that under <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a> an Episcopal diocese cannot withdraw itself from the larger Episcopal Church. In a "pastoral letter" to the South Carolina diocese, Presiding Bishop Schori wrote that "While some leaders have expressed a desire to leave The Episcopal Church, the Diocese has not left. It cannot, by its own action. The alteration, dissolution, or departure of a diocese of The Episcopal Church requires the consent of General Convention, which has not been consulted."<sup id="cite_ref-pastlet_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pastlet-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She further wrote that the South Carolina diocese "continues to be a constituent part of The Episcopal Church, even if a number of its leaders have departed. If it becomes fully evident that those former leaders have, indeed, fully severed their ties with The Episcopal Church, new leaders will be elected and installed by the action of a Diocesan Convention recognized by the wider Episcopal Church, in accordance with our Constitution and Canons." </p><p>Many departing members joined the <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing Anglican movement</a> or advocated <a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Anglican realignment</a>, claiming alignment with overseas Anglican provinces including the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Province_of_the_Southern_Cone_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Province of the Southern Cone of America">Anglican Province of the Southern Cone of America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nigeria" title="Church of Nigeria">Church of Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some former members formed the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a> which, as of 2017, claimed over 1,000 congregations and 134,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-churchfinder_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-churchfinder-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Episcopal Church leaders, particularly former Presiding Bishop <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Jefferts_Schori" title="Katharine Jefferts Schori">Katharine Jefferts Schori</a>, responded by taking a firm stance against the separatists. Litigation between the church and departing dioceses and parishes cost all parties tens of millions of dollars; one estimate has the Episcopal Church spending over $42 million and separatists roughly $18 million, for a total of over $60 million in court costs.<sup id="cite_ref-legalcost60mil_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legalcost60mil-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Litigation has largely centered on church properties. Episcopal leadership asserts that, as a hierarchical church, they retain ownership of parish property when parishioners leave. Departing groups, in contrast, assert that they should be able to retain ownership of individual church facilities and diocesan property.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReeder2006_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReeder2006-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Church_property_disputes">Church property disputes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Church property disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a letter to the House of Bishops during summer 2009, Presiding Bishop <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Jefferts_Schori" title="Katharine Jefferts Schori">Katharine Jefferts Schori</a> instructed local dioceses not to sell parish property to departing groups. She stated: "We do not make settlements that encourage religious bodies who seek to replace The Episcopal Church".<sup id="cite_ref-schoriletter_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoriletter-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before Schori took this stand, prior bishops had treated parish property disputes as internal diocesan matters that are "not subject to the review or oversight of the presiding bishop". One example was when then-Presiding Bishop <a href="/wiki/Frank_Griswold" title="Frank Griswold">Frank Griswold</a> told the Diocese of Western Louisiana on May 11, 2006, that the national church involved itself in parish property disputes only upon invitation of the local bishop and diocesan standing committees.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schori's letter stated that her firm stance was the consensus of the Council of Advice and expressed hope that "those who have departed can gain clarity about their own identity".<sup id="cite_ref-schoriletter_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoriletter-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the South Carolina diocese voted to withdraw, it sued the national Episcopal Church to retain control over its property. The departing diocese mostly won on appeal to the South Carolina Supreme Court. Multiple parishes affiliated with the departing group were allowed to keep their property. Other church and diocesan property in the lawsuit remained with the Episcopal Church and its affiliated local diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina" and related names and marks were initially claimed by the departing group. In 2019, a federal court ruled that they legally belonged to The Episcopal Church. The departing diocese was renamed The Anglican Diocese of South Carolina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Mark%27s_Cathedral,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_2361.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG/220px-St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG/330px-St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG/440px-St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2022, the Episcopal Church had 1,584,785 active members,<sup id="cite_ref-stat2022_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom 1,432,082 were in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-stat.usa.2022_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat.usa.2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Total average Sunday attendance (ASA) for 2018 was 962,529 (933,206 in the U.S. and 29,323 outside the U.S.), a decrease of 24.7% percent from 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-2012-13StatTotals_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012-13StatTotals-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, a data-based quantitative study for the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Anglican_Studies" title="Journal of Anglican Studies">Journal of Anglican Studies</a></i>, and published by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, reported that The Episcopal Church had 2,405,000 total baptized members, including inactive members, and 1,588,057 active members in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a report by ARIS/Barna in 2001, 3.5 million Americans self-identified as Episcopalians, highlighting "a gap between those who are affiliated with the church (on membership rolls), versus those who self-identify [as Episcopalians]".<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Church Pension Group also cited having 3.5 million adherents in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, in 2014, Pew Research found that approximately 1.2 percent of 245 million U.S. adults, around 3 million people, self-identified as mainline Episcopalian/Anglican.<sup id="cite_ref-Religious_Landscape_Study_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religious_Landscape_Study-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to data collected in 2000, the District of Columbia, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Virginia have the highest rates of adherents per capita, and states along the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> generally have a higher number of adherents per capita than in other parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New York was the state with the largest total number of adherents, over 200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Haiti" title="Episcopal Diocese of Haiti">Episcopal Diocese of Haiti</a> was the largest single diocese, with 84,301 baptized members, which constitute slightly over half of the church's foreign membership.<sup id="cite_ref-2012-13StatTotals_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012-13StatTotals-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2012, around 12% of members in the Episcopal Church are former <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> who became Episcopalians.<sup id="cite_ref-Webster2012_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster2012-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the years preceding 2012 over 225,000 Roman Catholics became Episcopalians and as of 2012, there are "432 living Episcopal priests [who] have been received [as priests] from the Roman Catholic Church."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the latest statistics U.S. membership dropped 2.7 percent from a reported 1,866,758 members in 2013 to 1,745,156 in 2016, a loss of 121,602 persons. Attendance took an even steeper hit, with the average number of Sunday worshipers dropping from 623,691 in 2013 to 570,454 in 2016, a decline of 53,237 persons in the pews, down 8.5 percent. Congregations dropped to 6,473.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Episcopal Church experienced notable growth in the first half of the 20th century, but like many mainline churches, it has had a decline in membership in more recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membership grew from 1.1 million members in 1925 to a peak of over 3.4 million members in the mid-1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-thearda.com_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thearda.com-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1970 and 1990, membership declined from about 3.2 million to about 2.4 million.<sup id="cite_ref-thearda.com_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thearda.com-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once changes in how membership is counted are taken into consideration, the Episcopal Church's membership numbers were broadly flat throughout the 1990s, with a slight growth in the first years of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-RedBook2009_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RedBook2009-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GrowthReport2004_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrowthReport2004-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fastfacts2005_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastfacts2005-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A loss of 115,000 members was reported for the years 2003–2005.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some theories about the decline in membership include a failure to sufficiently reach beyond ethnic barriers in an increasingly diverse society, and the low fertility rates prevailing among the predominant ethnic groups traditionally belonging to the church. In 1965, there were 880,000 children in Episcopal Sunday School programs. By 2001, the number had declined to 297,000.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_leanings">Political leanings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political leanings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the Episcopal Church are generally more progressive than members of other Christian denominations in the United States. Despite the church's progressive reputation, though, a significant portion of members do describe themselves as conservative although they generally tend to skew moderate. According to a 2014 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey with 494 self-identified Episcopalians, 49% describe themselves as <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a>, 39% describe themselves as <a href="/wiki/GOP" class="mw-redirect" title="GOP">Republicans</a>, and 12% stated no preference. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestant">White Anglo-Saxon Protestant</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_World_Trade_Center_and_Trinity_Church.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/One_World_Trade_Center_and_Trinity_Church.JPG/220px-One_World_Trade_Center_and_Trinity_Church.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/One_World_Trade_Center_and_Trinity_Church.JPG/330px-One_World_Trade_Center_and_Trinity_Church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/One_World_Trade_Center_and_Trinity_Church.JPG/440px-One_World_Trade_Center_and_Trinity_Church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the twentieth century, Episcopalians tended to be wealthier<sup id="cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_EPISCOPALIANS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more educated (having more <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">graduate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate</a> degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> law, and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the nation's oldest <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities in the United States">educational institutions</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, were founded by Episcopal clergy or were associated with the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> Episcopal Church "has often been seen as the religious institution most closely associated with the American <a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">establishment</a>, producing many of the nation's most important leaders in politics and business."<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About a quarter of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">presidents of the United States</a> (11) were members of the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-pewresearch.org_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewresearch.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, Episcopalians were overrepresented among American scientific elite and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners.<sup id="cite_ref-Sociology_of_Religion_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sociology_of_Religion-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States</i> by <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Zuckerman" title="Harriet Zuckerman">Harriet Zuckerman</a>, between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prizes">Nobel Prize</a> laureates have come from a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> background, mostly from Episcopalian, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Presbyterian Church in the United States of America">Presbyterian</a> or Lutheran background.<sup id="cite_ref-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> polling data from 1976, Kit and Frederica Konolige wrote in their 1978 book <i>The Power of Their Glory</i>, "As befits a church that belongs to the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, Episcopalianism has the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to thank for the ancestors of fully 49 percent of its members. ... The stereotype of the <a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestant">White Anglo-Saxon Protestant</a> (WASP) finds its fullest expression in the Episcopal Church."<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Brahmin" title="Boston Brahmin">Boston Brahmins</a></i>, who were regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites, were often associated with the <a href="/wiki/American_upper_class" title="American upper class">American upper class</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_Philadelphians" title="Old Philadelphians">Old Philadelphians</a> were often associated with the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Baltzell_2011_236_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baltzell_2011_236-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money">Old money</a> in the United States was typically associated with <a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestant">White Anglo-Saxon Protestant</a> ("WASP") status,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly with the Episcopal and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> Church.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, a <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i> magazine study found one-in-five of the country's largest businesses and one-in-three of its largest banks was run by an Episcopalian.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_EPISCOPALIANS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numbers of the most <a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money">wealthy and affluent American families</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilts" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanderbilts">Vanderbilts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astor_family" title="Astor family">Astors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du_Pont_family" title="Du Pont family">Du Ponts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-W._Williams_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W._Williams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Whitney_family" title="Whitney family">Whitneys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_family" title="Morgan family">Morgans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford family">Fords</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-W._Williams_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W._Williams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mellon_family" title="Mellon family">Mellons</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-W._Williams_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W._Williams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Van_Leer" title="Samuel Van Leer">Van Leers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brown_Jr." title="Nicholas Brown Jr.">Browns</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-W._Williams_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W._Williams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Waynes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown_Brothers_Harriman_%26_Co." title="Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.">Harrimans</a> are Episcopalians.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_EPISCOPALIANS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefeller family</a> are mostly <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptists</a>, some of the Rockefellers were Episcopalians.<sup id="cite_ref-W._Williams_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W._Williams-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, the Episcopal Church also has the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">graduate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-graduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-graduate">post-graduate</a> degrees per capita (56%)<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of any other Christian denomination in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the most <a href="/wiki/American_upper_class" title="American upper class">high-income earners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> Episcopalians tend also to be better educated and they have a high number of <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">graduate</a> (76%) and <a href="/wiki/Post-graduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-graduate">post-graduate</a> degrees (35%) per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2014 study by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, Episcopalians ranked as the third wealthiest religious group in the United States, with 35% of Episcopalians living in households with incomes of at least $100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Masci_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Masci-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, roughly 70% of Episcopalians were living in households with incomes of $50,000 or above.<sup id="cite_ref-Masci_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Masci-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, the church has become much more economically and racially diverse<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through evangelism, and has attracted many Hispanic immigrants who are often working-class.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church is governed according to <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">episcopal polity</a> with its own system of <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Episcopal Church in the United States)">canon law</a>. This means that the church is organized into <a href="/wiki/Dioceses" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioceses">dioceses</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> in consultation with representative bodies. It is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary body</a>, in that the power of the <a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">General Convention</a> is not limited by the individual dioceses. The church has, however, a highly decentralized structure and characteristics of a <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPodmore2008130_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPodmore2008130-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parishes_and_dioceses">Parishes and dioceses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parishes and dioceses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_provinces_and_dioceses_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses of the Episcopal Church">Ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses of the Episcopal Church</a></div> <p>At the local level, there are 6,447 Episcopal congregations, each of which elects a <a href="/wiki/Vestry" title="Vestry">vestry</a> or bishop's committee. Subject to the approval of its <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">diocesan bishop</a>, the vestry of each <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> elects a <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a>, called the <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">rector</a>, who has spiritual jurisdiction in the parish and selects assistant clergy, both <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacons</a> and priests. (There is a difference between vestry and clergy elections – clergy are ordained members usually selected from outside the parish, whereas any member in good standing of a parish is eligible to serve on the vestry.) The diocesan bishop, however, appoints the clergy for all missions and may choose to do so for non-self-supporting parishes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_judicatory" title="Middle judicatory">middle judicatory</a> consists of a diocese headed by a bishop who is assisted by a standing committee.<sup id="cite_ref-09ConstArtIV_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-09ConstArtIV-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bishop and standing committee are elected by the diocesan convention whose members are canonically resident clergy of the diocese and laity selected by the congregations. The election of a bishop requires the consent of a majority of standing committees and diocesan bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-09ConstArtII_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-09ConstArtII-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conventions meet annually to consider legislation (such as revisions to the diocesan constitution and canons) and speak for the diocese. Dioceses are organized into nine <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">provinces</a>. Each province has a <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> and a mission budget, but it has no authority over its member dioceses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are 106 dioceses in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, Cuba and the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Convocation_of_Episcopal_Churches_in_Europe" title="Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe">Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Navajoland_Area_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajoland Area Mission">Navajoland Area Mission</a> are jurisdictions similar to a diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-EnBr_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnBr-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ColEn_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColEn-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America</a></div><p>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">seat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Bishop#Episcopal_Church_in_the_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiding Bishop">Presiding Bishop</a> of the Episcopal Church as well as the bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Washington" title="Episcopal Diocese of Washington">Episcopal Diocese of Washington</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DCA_08_2009_National_Cathedral_6981.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DCA_08_2009_National_Cathedral_6981.JPG/220px-DCA_08_2009_National_Cathedral_6981.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DCA_08_2009_National_Cathedral_6981.JPG/330px-DCA_08_2009_National_Cathedral_6981.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/DCA_08_2009_National_Cathedral_6981.JPG/440px-DCA_08_2009_National_Cathedral_6981.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington, located in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, is operated under the more familiar name of <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The highest legislative body of the Episcopal Church is the triennial <a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">General Convention</a>, consisting of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Deputies" title="House of Deputies">House of Deputies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bishops" title="House of Bishops">House of Bishops</a>. All active (whether <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">diocesan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Coadjutor Bishop">coadjutor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">suffragan</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Bishop">assistant</a>) and retired bishops make up the over 300 members of the House of Bishops. Diocesan conventions elect over 800 representatives (each diocese elects four laity and four clergy) to the House of Deputies. The House of Deputies elects a president and vice-president to preside at meetings. General Convention enacts two types of legislation. The first type is the rules by which the church is governed as contained in the Constitution and <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canons</a>; the second type are broad guidelines on church policy called resolutions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwatos2005212_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwatos2005212-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Either house may propose legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-09ConstArtI_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-09ConstArtI-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House of Deputies only meets as a full body once every three years; however, the House of Bishops meets regularly throughout the triennium between conventions. </p><p>The real work of General Convention is done by interim bodies, the most powerful being the Executive Council, which oversees the work of the national church during the triennium. The council has 40 members; 20 are directly elected by the General Convention, 18 are elected by the nine provinces, and the Presiding Bishop and President of the House of Deputies are <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i> members.<sup id="cite_ref-09ConstArtI_152-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-09ConstArtI-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other interim bodies include a number of standing commissions ordered by the canons and temporary task forces formulated by resolutions of General Convention. Both types of bodies study and draft policy proposals for consideration and report back to the convention. Each standing commission consists of five bishops, five priests or deacons, and ten laypersons. Bishops are appointed by the Presiding Bishop while the other clergy and laypersons are appointed by the president of the House of Deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-09ConstArtI_152-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-09ConstArtI-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Task forces vary in size, composition, and duration depending on the General Convention resolution that orders them.<sup id="cite_ref-09JointRuleIX_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-09JointRuleIX-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Bishop#Episcopal_Church_in_the_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiding Bishop">Presiding Bishop</a> is elected from and by the House of Bishops and confirmed by the House of Deputies for a nine-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Presiding Bishop is the chief pastor and <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)#Anglican_Communion" title="Primate (bishop)">primate</a> of the Episcopal Church and is charged with providing leadership in the development of the church's program as well as speaking on behalf of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-09CanonI.2_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-09CanonI.2-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Presiding Bishop does not possess a territorial <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">see</a>; since the 1970s, however, the Presiding Bishop has enjoyed extraordinary jurisdiction (metropolitical authority) and has authority to visit dioceses for <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacramental</a> and preaching ministry, for consulting bishops, and for related purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwatos2005202_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwatos2005202-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Presiding Bishop chairs the House of Bishops as well as the Executive Council of the General Convention. In addition, the Presiding Bishop directs the Episcopal Church Center, the national administrative headquarters of the denomination. Located at 815 Second Avenue, New York City, New York, the center is often referred to by Episcopalians simply as "815".<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A system of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">ecclesiastical courts</a> is provided for under <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court#Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="Ecclesiastical court">Title IV of the canons</a> of General Convention. These courts are empowered to discipline and depose deacons, priests, and bishops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship_and_liturgy">Worship and liturgy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Worship and liturgy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Anglican church music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Procession_at_St._Marys_Episcopal_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Procession_at_St._Marys_Episcopal_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Procession_at_St._Marys_Episcopal_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Procession_at_St._Marys_Episcopal_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Procession_at_St._Marys_Episcopal_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Procession_at_St._Marys_Episcopal_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Procession_at_St._Marys_Episcopal_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption>A procession in <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Cathedral_(Memphis,_Tennessee)" title="St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral (Memphis, Tennessee)">St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, in 2002</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rood_Screen_and_Chancel_ceiling,_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Rosemont,_Pennsylvania).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rood_Screen_and_Chancel_ceiling%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/220px-Rood_Screen_and_Chancel_ceiling%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rood_Screen_and_Chancel_ceiling%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/330px-Rood_Screen_and_Chancel_ceiling%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rood_Screen_and_Chancel_ceiling%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/440px-Rood_Screen_and_Chancel_ceiling%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rood_screen" title="Rood screen">Rood screen</a> and chancel ceiling at the Anglo-Catholic <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Rosemont,_Pennsylvania)" title="Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)">Church of the Good Shepherd</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rosemont,_Pennsylvania" title="Rosemont, Pennsylvania">Rosemont, Pennsylvania</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Worship according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1979)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1979)">Book of Common Prayer</a></i> (BCP) is central to the Episcopal Church's identity and its main source of unity. The current edition of the BCP was published in 1979 and is similar to other Anglican prayer books in use around the world. It contains most of the worship services (or <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgies</a>) used in the Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199928–31_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199928–31-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Episcopal Church has a sacramental understanding of worship. The Episcopal <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechism</a> defines a <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacrament</a> as "an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace given to us".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199934_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199934-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Episcopalians believe that sacraments are material things that God uses to act in human lives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199934_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199934-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BCP identifies <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> as the "two great sacraments of the Gospel". <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">holy matrimony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_of_a_penitent" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconciliation of a penitent">reconciliation of a penitent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">unction</a> are identified as "sacramental rites".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199937_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199937-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)#Anglicanism" title="Confession (religion)">Private confession</a> of sin is available in the Episcopal Church, though it is not as commonly practiced as in the Roman Catholic Church. This is in part due to the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Contrition#Anglican_Communion" title="Act of Contrition">general confession</a> provided for in Episcopal services.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199937_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199937-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prayer book specifies that the Eucharist or Holy Communion is "the principal act of Christian worship on the Lord's Day".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199928_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199928-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service has two parts. The first is centered on <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> readings and preaching. At each service, four scripture passages are read from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>. The readings are organized in a three-year cycle during which much of the Bible will have been read in church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199944_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199944-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second part of the service is centered on the Eucharist. The Episcopal Church teaches the <a href="/wiki/Real_presence" class="mw-redirect" title="Real presence">real presence</a> doctrine—that the bread and wine truly become the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">blood of Christ</a>. However, it does not define how this happens, which allows for different views to coexist within the church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199931–33_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199931–33-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, Episcopal churches have retained features such as the altar rail, the inclusion or exclusion of which does not elicit much controversy, but usually celebrate in the <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">versus populum</a></i> orientation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_altar_at_St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Church..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/High_altar_at_St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Church..JPG/220px-High_altar_at_St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Church..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/High_altar_at_St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Church..JPG/330px-High_altar_at_St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Church..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/High_altar_at_St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Church..JPG/440px-High_altar_at_St._Mary%27s_Episcopal_Church..JPG 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>High altar of an Anglo-Catholic church <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">ad orientem</a></i> style</figcaption></figure> <p>Often a congregation or a particular service will be referred to as <i>Low Church</i> or <i>High Church</i>. In theory: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church">High Church</a>, especially the <i>very</i> high <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Catholic">Anglo-Catholic</a> movement, is ritually inclined towards the use of incense, formal hymns, and a higher degree of ceremony such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">ad orientem</a></i> in relation to the priest and altar. In addition to clergy vesting in <a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">albs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">stoles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">chasubles</a>, the lay assistants may also be vested in <a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">surplice</a>. The sung Eucharist tends to be emphasized in High Church congregations, with Anglo-Catholic congregations and celebrants using sung services almost exclusively. <a href="/wiki/Marian_devotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian devotion">Marian devotion</a> is sometimes seen in the Anglo-Catholic and some High Church parishes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Church">Low Church</a> is simpler and may incorporate other elements such as informal praise and worship music. "Low" parishes tend towards a more "traditional Protestant" outlook with its emphasis of Biblical revelation over symbolism. A few "low" parishes even subscribe to traditional <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a> theology (see <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglicanism" title="Evangelical Anglicanism">Evangelical Anglicanism</a>). The spoken Eucharist tends to be emphasized in Low Church congregations. <a href="/wiki/Altar_rails" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar rails">Altar rails</a> may be omitted in this type.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad Church">Broad Church</a> indicates a middle ground. These parishes are the most common within The Episcopal Church. However, unlike the Anglican Church in England, most Episcopal "broad church" parishes make use of a liturgy that includes eucharistic vestments, chant, and a high view of the sacraments, even if the liturgy is not as solemn or lacks some of the other accoutrements typical of Anglo-Catholic parishes. Unlike many Roman Catholic churches, the altar rail has usually been retained and communion is usually served kneeling at the altar rail similar to a <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a>, because the Episcopal Church teaches, through its Book of Common Prayer, a theologically high view of the church and its sacraments, even if not all parishes carry this out liturgically.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The Book of Common Prayer also provides the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Office_(Anglican)" title="Daily Office (Anglican)">Daily Offices</a> of Morning and Evening Prayer. The daily offices can be said by lay people at home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebber199937–38_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebber199937–38-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The veneration of <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">saints in the Episcopal Church</a> is a continuation of an ancient tradition from the early church which honors important people of the Christian faith. The usage of the term "saint" is similar to Roman Catholic and Orthodox traditions. There are explicit references in the 1979 Book of Common Prayer to invoking the aid of the prophets, patriarchs, saints, martyrs and the Virgin Mary as in an optional prayer in the committal at a funeral, p. 504. In general Anglicans pray with the saints in their fellowship, not to them, although their intercessions may be requested. Those inclined to the Anglo-Catholic traditions may explicitly invoke saints as intercessors in prayer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 1979 edition contains a provision for the use of "traditional" (Elizabethan) language under various circumstances not directly provided for in the book. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belief_and_practice">Belief and practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Belief and practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ConsecrationSparks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ConsecrationSparks.jpg/220px-ConsecrationSparks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ConsecrationSparks.jpg/330px-ConsecrationSparks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ConsecrationSparks.jpg/440px-ConsecrationSparks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3427" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>Episcopal consecration of the 8th bishop of Northern Indiana in 2016 by the laying on of hands</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Anglican doctrine</a></div> <p>At the center of Episcopal belief and practice are the life, teachings and Resurrection of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The doctrine of the Episcopal Church is found in the canon of scripture as understood in the Apostles' and Nicene creeds and in the sacramental rites, the ordinal and catechism of the Book of Common Prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these teachings include: </p> <ul><li>Belief that human beings "are part of God's creation, <a href="/wiki/Image_of_God" title="Image of God">made in the image of God</a>," and are therefore "<a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free to make choices</a>: to love, to <a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">reason</a>, and to live in harmony with creation and with God."<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Belief that <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a>, defined as "the seeking of our own will instead of the will of God," has <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">corrupted human nature</a>, "thus distorting our relationship with God, with other people, and with all creation," resulting in death.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Belief that "sin has power over us because we lose our liberty when our relationship with God is distorted," and that <a href="/wiki/Redemption_(theology)" title="Redemption (theology)">redemption</a> is any act of God which "sets us free from the power of sin, evil, and death."<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The doctrines of <a href="/wiki/The_Incarnation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Incarnation">the Incarnation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> of Jesus Christ; Jesus Christ is <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">fully human and fully God.</a><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jesus provides forgiveness of sin and the way of eternal life for those who believe and are baptized.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="The Trinity">The Trinity</a>: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> are one God in three distinct persons, collectively called the Holy Trinity ("three and yet one").<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Holy Scriptures, commonly called the Bible, consist of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> and were written by people "under the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_inspiration" title="Biblical inspiration">inspiration of the Holy Spirit</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> are additional books that are used in Christian worship, but not for the formation of doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Bible contains "all things necessary to salvation" and nothing can be taught as pertaining to salvation which cannot be proven by scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_sacraments" title="Anglican sacraments">Sacraments</a> are "outward and visible signs of God's inward and spiritual grace."<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two necessary sacraments are <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Holy Communion</a> (the latter is also called the Eucharist, the Lord's Supper, and the Mass).<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Infant_baptism" title="Infant baptism">Infant baptism</a> is practiced and encouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holy Communion is celebrated each Lord's Day (Sunday) and is open to all baptized persons.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Other sacraments are <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">confession</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unction" class="mw-redirect" title="Unction">unction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding these other sacraments the Book of Common Prayer states "Although they are means of grace, they are not necessary for all persons the same way that Baptism and the Eucharist are."<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A general belief in an afterlife of <a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_hell" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian views on hell">Hell</a>. Heaven is defined as the <a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">resurrection of the faithful</a> to eternal life in the presence of God. Hell is defined as "eternal death" due to a willful rejection of God.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Episcopal_Church_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Episcopal_Church-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Emphasis on the contents of the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> and on living out the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a> to love God and to love one's neighbor fully.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Belief in an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">episcopal</a> form of church government and in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_ministry" title="Anglican ministry">offices and ministries</a> of the early church, namely the threefold order of bishops, priests and deacons; both men and women are eligible for ordination to the clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clergy are permitted to marry.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Succession">Apostolic Succession</a>: the belief that the Episcopal and wider Anglican bishops continue the apostolic tradition of the ancient church as spiritual heirs to the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Twelve Apostles</a> of Jesus Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Strong emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> with specific reverence for the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> both in its original form and as a model for all prayer; principal kinds of prayer include <a href="/wiki/Adoration" title="Adoration">adoration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praise" title="Praise">praise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">thanksgiving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penitence" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitence">penitence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">oblation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intercession" title="Intercession">intercession</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Supplication" title="Supplication">petition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Observance of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Church_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Year">Church Year</a> (Advent, Christmas, Easter, Lent, etc.) and the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">holy days dedicated to saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Belief that <a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">grace</a> is "God's favor toward us, unearned and undeserved," by which God "forgives our sins, enlightens our minds, stirs our hearts, and strengthens our wills," and is continually conferred to Christians through the sacraments, prayer, and worship.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The full catechism is included in the Book of Common Prayer and is posted on the Episcopal website.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In practice, not all Episcopalians hold all of these beliefs, but ordained clergy are required to "solemnly engage to conform" to this doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Episcopal Church follows the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_media" title="Via media">via media</a></i> or "middle way" between <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and Roman Catholic doctrine and practices: that is both Catholic and Reformed. Although many Episcopalians identify with this concept, those whose convictions lean toward either <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglicanism" title="Evangelical Anglicanism">evangelical Anglicanism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a> may not.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Broad_church" title="Broad church">broad spectrum</a> of theological views is represented within the Episcopal Church. Some Episcopal members or theologians hold <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelical</a> positions, affirming the authority of <a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">scripture over all</a>. The Episcopal Church website glossary defines the sources of authority as a balance between scripture, tradition, and reason. These three are characterized as a "three-legged stool" which will topple if any one overbalances the other. It also notes:<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Anglican balancing of the sources of authority has been criticized as clumsy or "muddy." It has been associated with the Anglican affinity for seeking the mean between extremes and living the via media. It has also been associated with the Anglican willingness to tolerate and comprehend opposing viewpoints instead of imposing tests of orthodoxy or resorting to heresy trials.</p></blockquote> <p>This balance of scripture, tradition and reason is traced to the work of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hooker" title="Richard Hooker">Richard Hooker</a>, a 16th-century apologist. In Hooker's model, scripture is the primary means of arriving at doctrine and things stated plainly in scripture are accepted as true. Issues that are ambiguous are determined by tradition, which is checked by reason.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noting the role of personal experience in Christian life, some Episcopalians have advocated following the example of the <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Quadrilateral" title="Wesleyan Quadrilateral">Wesleyan Quadrilateral</a> of <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> theology by thinking in terms of a "Fourth Leg" of "experience". This understanding is highly dependent on the work of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Daniel_Ernst_Schleiermacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher">Friedrich Schleiermacher</a>. </p><p>A public example of this struggle between different Christian positions in the church has been the 2003 consecration of <a href="/wiki/Gene_Robinson" title="Gene Robinson">Gene Robinson</a>, an openly gay man living with a long-term partner. The acceptance/rejection of his consecration is motivated by different views on the understanding of scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This struggle has some members concerned that the church may not continue its relationship with the larger Anglican Church. Others, however, view this pluralism as an asset, allowing a place for both sides to balance each other. </p><p>Comedian and Episcopalian <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> once described the Episcopal faith (and, in a performance in London, specifically the Church of England) as "Catholic Lite – same rituals, half the guilt".<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_positions">Social positions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Social positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_issues">Economic issues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economic issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1991, the church's general convention recommended parity in pay and benefits between <a href="/wiki/Clergy#Anglicanism" title="Clergy">clergy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laity#Anglicanism" title="Laity">lay</a> employees in equivalent positions.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several times between 1979 and 2003, the convention expressed concern over <a href="/wiki/Affordable_housing" title="Affordable housing">affordable housing</a> and supported work to provide affordable housing.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982 and 1997, the convention reaffirmed the church's commitment to eradicating <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a>, and challenged parishes to increase ministries to the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The convention urged the church in 1997 and 2000 to promote <a href="/wiki/Living_wage" title="Living wage">living wages</a> for all.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the convention urged U.S. legislators to raise the national <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>, and to establish a <a href="/wiki/Living_wage" title="Living wage">living wage</a> with <a href="/wiki/Health_benefits_(insurance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Health benefits (insurance)">health benefits</a> as the national standard.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marriage_equality,_gender,_and_sexuality"><span id="Marriage_equality.2C_gender.2C_and_sexuality"></span>Marriage equality, gender, and sexuality</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Marriage equality, gender, and sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church opposes laws in society which discriminate against individuals because of their sex, sexual orientation, or gender expression. The Episcopal Church enforces this policy of non-discrimination; women are ordained to all levels of ministry and church leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church maintains an anti-sexism taskforce.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, openly gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender individuals are eligible to be ordained.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Episcopal Church affirms that marriage is the historic Christian standard for sexual intimacy between two people but does encourage clergy and laity to maintain ministry and dialogue with "the growing number of persons entering into sexually intimate relationships other than marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At its 2015 triennial general convention, the church adopted "canonical and liturgical changes to provide marriage equality for Episcopalians". The "two new marriage rites" contain language that allows "them to be used by same-sex or opposite-sex couples".<sup id="cite_ref-78th_General_Convention_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78th_General_Convention-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blessing of same-sex relationships is not uniform throughout the Episcopal Church. Following the 2015 general convention, bishops were able to determine whether churches and priests within their dioceses were permitted to use the new liturgies. Bishops who did not permit their use were to connect same-sex couples to a diocese where the liturgies were allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following the 2018 general convention, resolution B012 was amended to "make provision for all couples asking to be married in this church to have access to these liturgies". This effectively granted all churches and clergy, with or without the support of their bishop, the ability to perform same-sex marriages. They may, however, refuse to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church also opposes any state or federal constitutional amendments designed to prohibit the marriages of same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-PewSameSex_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PewSameSex-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Racial_equality">Racial equality</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Racial equality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1861, <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Hopkins" title="John Henry Hopkins">John Henry Hopkins</a> wrote a pamphlet entitled, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Scriptural,_Ecclesiastical,_and_Historical_View_of_Slavery" title="A Scriptural, Ecclesiastical, and Historical View of Slavery">A Scriptural, Ecclesiastical, and Historical View of Slavery</a></i>, attempting to give a view of slavery from his interpretation of the New Testament: he argued that slavery was not a sin per se. Rather, Hopkins argued that slavery was an institution that was objectionable and should be abrogated by agreement, not by war. <i>Bishop Hopkins' Letter on Slavery Ripped Up and his Misuse of the Sacred Scriptures Exposed</i>, written by <a href="/w/index.php?title=G.W._Hyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.W. Hyer (page does not exist)">G.W. Hyer</a> in 1863, opposed the points mentioned in Hopkins' pamphlet and revealed a startling divide in the Episcopal Church, as in other American churches, over the issue of slavery. It was not, however, strong enough to split the church into Northern and Southern wings even after the war, as many other denominations did. And though the church did divide into two wings during the war, Hopkins was active in re-uniting them in 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Social Gospel movement within American Christianity was a mainstay of racial justice and reconciliation activism amongst Episcopal clergy and laity alike throughout in the nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth century, it stressed a view of sin as being "more than individual" and "to be the consequence of forces of evil in human society so that salvation must involve the redemption of the social order as well as the redemption of the individual."<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, the General Convention declared "the practice of racism is sin",<sup id="cite_ref-GC1991-B051_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GC1991-B051-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2006, a unanimous House of Bishops endorsed Resolution A123 apologizing for complicity in the institution of slavery, and silence over "<a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a>" laws, segregation, and racial discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, following the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">white nationalist rally in Charlottesville</a>, then-Presiding Bishop Michael B. Curry said that "the stain of bigotry has once again covered our land" and called on Episcopalians to choose "organized love intent on creating God's beloved community on Earth" rather than hate.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2021, the Episcopal Church released the findings of a Racial Justice audit after three years of study, it cited nine areas of needed improvement within the church regarding <a href="/wiki/Systemic_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic racism">systemic racism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abortion">Abortion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Abortion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church affirms that human life is sacred "from inception until death" and opposes elective abortion. As such, the Episcopal Church condemns the use of abortion as a method of birth control, gender selection, family planning, or for "any reason of convenience". The Church acknowledges the right of women to choose to undergo the procedure "only in extreme situations". It has stated that laws prohibiting abortions fail to address the social conditions which give rise to them. The 1994 resolution establishing the Episcopal Church's position gave "unequivocal opposition to any legislative, executive or judicial action on the part of local, state or national governments that abridges the right of a woman to reach an informed decision about the termination of pregnancy or that would limit the access of a woman to safe means of acting on her decision."<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the 80th General Convention of the Episcopal Church approved a resolution calling for the protection of "abortion services and birth control with no restriction on movement, autonomy, type, or timing."<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Euthanasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church disapproves of assisted suicide and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a>, but does teach that it is permissible to withdraw medical treatment, such as artificial nutrition and hydration, when the burden of such treatment outweighs its benefits to an individual.<sup id="cite_ref-PewEndofLife_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PewEndofLife-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evolution">Evolution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church accepts the empirical findings of biology and does not consider the theory of <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> to be in conflict with its understanding of Holy Scripture in light of reason. In 1982, the Episcopal Church passed a resolution to "affirm its belief in the glorious ability of God to create in any manner, and in this affirmation reject the rigid dogmatism of the 'Creationist' movement." The church has also expressed skepticism toward the intelligent design movement.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Capital_punishment">Capital punishment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Capital punishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holding that human life is sacred, the Episcopal Church is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a>. At the 1958 General Convention, Episcopal bishops issued a public statement against the death penalty, a position which has since been reaffirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_Research_Center_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew_Research_Center-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church website's Creation Care Glossary of Terms defines <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> as a "crisis" consisting of "severe problems that arise as human activity increases the level of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, and the world's average global temperature soars", a statement which places the church's stance on climate change in line with global <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on the matter</a>. According to the church's website glossary, the climate crisis is one of "triple urgency" resulting from "the intersection of climate change, poverty and <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">inequality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a>." The church's range of advocacy areas with respect to the environment include public support for net <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">environmental justice</a>, opposition to <a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">environmental racism</a>, support for <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> and for setting and meeting <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> goals, and support for workers, communities, and economies as they undergo a "<a href="/wiki/Just_transition" title="Just transition">just transition</a>" toward eco-friendly policies.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vaccinations">Vaccinations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Vaccinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church "recognizes no claim of theological or religious exemption from vaccination for our members and reiterates the spirit of General Convention policies that Episcopalians should seek the counsel of experienced medical professionals, scientific research, and epidemiological evidence", while similarly condemning the "spreading of fraudulent research that suggested vaccines might cause harm." In a similar vein, the church has expressed "grave concern and sorrow for the recent rise in easily preventable diseases due to anti-vaccination movements which have harmed thousands of children and adults." The Episcopal Church has endorsed stronger government mandates for vaccinations and has characterized the choice to be inoculated as "a duty not only to our own selves and families but to our communities", while describing the choice to not vaccinate, when it is medically safe to do so, as a decision which "threatens the lives of others."<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agencies_and_programs">Agencies and programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Agencies and programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Society for the Increase of the Ministry (SIM) is the only organization raising funds on a national basis for Episcopal seminarian support. SIM's founding purpose in 1857 – "to find suitable persons for the Episcopal ministry and aid them in acquiring a thorough education". SIM has awarded scholarships to qualified full-time seminary students.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Relief_%26_Development" title="Episcopal Relief & Development">Episcopal Relief & Development</a> is the international relief and development agency of the Episcopal Church in the United States. It helps to rebuild after disasters and aims to empower people by offering lasting solutions that fight poverty, hunger and disease. Episcopal Relief and Development programs focus on alleviating hunger, improving food supply, creating economic opportunities, strengthening communities, promoting health, fighting disease, responding to disasters, and rebuilding communities.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are about 60 trust funds administered by the Episcopal Church which offer scholarships to young people affiliated with the church. Qualifying considerations often relate to historical missionary work of the church among Native Americans and African-Americans, as well as work in China and other foreign missions.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are special programs for both Native Americans <sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and African-Americans<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interested in training for the ministry. </p><p>There are three <a href="/wiki/Historical_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical societies">historical societies</a> of <a href="/wiki/American_Anglicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Anglicanism">American Episcopalianism</a>: <a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Historical Society of the Episcopal Church">Historical Society of the Episcopal Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Episcopal_Historians_and_Archivists" title="National Episcopal Historians and Archivists">National Episcopal Historians and Archivists</a> (NEHA), and the Episcopal Women's History Project.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Church Publishing Incorporated (Church Publishing Inc., CPI) began as the Church Hymnal Corporation in 1918, dedicated initially to publishing a single work, <i>The Hymnal</i> 1918, which still remains in print. It is the official publisher for the <a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States">General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Imprints include Church Publishing, Morehouse Publishing (independently founded in 1884) and Seabury Books (the "trade" imprint).<sup id="cite_ref-ChurchPublishing_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChurchPublishing-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecumenical_relations">Ecumenical relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ecumenical relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Episcopal Church (United States)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_communion">Full communion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Full communion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> bishop <a href="/wiki/Jesper_Swedberg" title="Jesper Swedberg">Jesper Swedberg</a>, parishes in colonial America that belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> established <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenical dialogue</a> that resulted in <a href="/wiki/Altar_and_pulpit_fellowship" title="Altar and pulpit fellowship">altar and pulpit fellowship</a> with the Episcopal Church in the 1700s, which led to a merger of all of the Swedish Lutheran churches there into the Episcopal Church by 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Episcopal Church entered into a full communion agreement with the Church of Sweden at its General Convention in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> on June 28, 2015. </p><p>Like the other churches of the Anglican Communion, the Episcopal Church has entered into <a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">full communion</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Churches</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht_(Old_Catholic)" title="Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)">Union of Utrecht</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church_of_Malabar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar">Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar</a>. The Episcopal Church is also in a relationship of full communion with the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Northern and Southern Provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Church in America">Moravian Church in America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 a relation of interim Eucharistic sharing was inaugurated with the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a>, a step that may ultimately lead to full communion. In 2024, the United Methodist Church's General Conference approved full communion with the Episcopal Church, effective upon mutual approval by the General Convention, which is scheduled for as early as 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_ecumenical_relations">Other ecumenical relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Other ecumenical relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Episcopal Church maintains ecumenical dialogues with the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a><sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Moravian Church in America, and participates in pan-Anglican dialogues with the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Alliance_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Alliance of Reformed Churches">World Alliance of Reformed Churches</a>, and the Roman Catholic Church. </p><p>Historically Anglican churches have had strong ecumenical ties with the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox Churches</a>, and the Episcopal Church particularly with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, but relations in more recent years have been strained by the <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women" title="Ordination of women">ordination of women</a> and the ordination of <a href="/wiki/Gene_Robinson" title="Gene Robinson">Gene Robinson</a> to the episcopate. A former relation of full communion with the <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Catholic_Church" title="Polish National Catholic Church">Polish National Catholic Church</a> (once a part of the <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht Union">Union of Utrecht</a>) was broken off by the PNCC in 1976 over the ordination of women. </p><p>The Episcopal Church was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Consultation_on_Church_Union" title="Consultation on Church Union">Consultation on Church Union</a> and participates in its successor, <a href="/wiki/Churches_Uniting_in_Christ" title="Churches Uniting in Christ">Churches Uniting in Christ</a>. The Episcopal Church is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">National Council of Churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>, and the new <a href="/wiki/Christian_Churches_Together" title="Christian Churches Together">Christian Churches Together in the USA</a>. Dioceses and parishes are frequently members of local ecumenical councils as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Youth_Community" title="Episcopal Youth Community">Episcopal Youth Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_religious_order" title="Anglican religious order">Anglican Religious Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="List of bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">Historical List of bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_seminaries_affiliated_with_the_Episcopal_Church" title="List of colleges and seminaries affiliated with the Episcopal Church">List of colleges and seminaries affiliated with the Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Episcopal_bishops_of_the_United_States" title="List of Episcopal bishops of the United States">List of Episcopal bishops of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Episcopal_cathedrals_of_the_United_States" title="List of the Episcopal cathedrals of the United States">List of the Episcopal cathedrals of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalarchives.org/sites/default/files/publications/1940_GC_Journal.pdf">"Journal of the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Episcopal Church. 1940. p. 288.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+General+Convention+of+the+Protestant+Episcopal+Church+in+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=The+Episcopal+Church&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalarchives.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2F1940_GC_Journal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_General_Convention_of_The_Episcopal_Church" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://generalconvention.org/annual-table-of-statistics/">"Annual Table of Statistics"</a>. <i>The General Convention of The Episcopal Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+General+Convention+of+The+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=Annual+Table+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeneralconvention.org%2Fannual-table-of-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasserre2023" class="citation web cs1">Lasserre, Matthieu (March 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/the-american-cathedral-in-paris-celebrates-100-years/17515">"The American Cathedral in Paris celebrates 100 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a></i>. Paris<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=The+American+Cathedral+in+Paris+celebrates+100+years&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft.aulast=Lasserre&rft.aufirst=Matthieu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternational.la-croix.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Fthe-american-cathedral-in-paris-celebrates-100-years%2F17515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stat2022-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stat2022_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat2022_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat2022_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extranet.generalconvention.org/staff/files/download/32264"><i>Baptized Members by Province and Diocese 2013-2022 (pdf)</i></a>, The Episcopal Church<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baptized+Members+by+Province+and+Diocese+2013-2022+%28pdf%29&rft.pub=The+Episcopal+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextranet.generalconvention.org%2Fstaff%2Ffiles%2Fdownload%2F32264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stat.usa.2022-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stat.usa.2022_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat.usa.2022_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat.usa.2022_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://extranet.generalconvention.org/staff/files/download/32278"><i>FAST FACTS From Parochial Report Data 2022</i></a>, The Episcopal Church<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FAST+FACTS+From+Parochial+Report+Data+2022&rft.pub=The+Episcopal+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fextranet.generalconvention.org%2Fstaff%2Ffiles%2Fdownload%2F32278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j777-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-j777_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/episcopal-church-the/">"Episcopal Church, The"</a>. <i>The Episcopal Church</i>. May 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=Episcopal+Church%2C+The&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fglossary%2Fepiscopal-church-the%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulsen2024" class="citation news cs1">Paulsen, David (June 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://episcopalnewsservice.org/2024/06/26/breaking-sean-rowe-elected-28th-presiding-bishop-will-begin-nine-year-term-nov-1/">"Breaking: Sean Rowe elected 28th presiding bishop, will begin nine-year term Nov. 1"</a>. <i>Episcopal News Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episcopal+News+Service&rft.atitle=Breaking%3A+Sean+Rowe+elected+28th+presiding+bishop%2C+will+begin+nine-year+term+Nov.+1&rft.date=2024-06-26&rft.aulast=Paulsen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepiscopalnewsservice.org%2F2024%2F06%2F26%2Fbreaking-sean-rowe-elected-28th-presiding-bishop-will-begin-nine-year-term-nov-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCC2011yearbook-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCC2011yearbook_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119083918/http://www.ncccusa.org/news/110210yearbook2011.html">"Trends continue in church membership growth or decline, reports 2011 Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches"</a>, <i>News from the National Council of Churches</i>, National Council of Churches News Service, February 14, 2011, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncccusa.org/news/110210yearbook2011.html">the original</a> on January 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2011</span>, <q>14. The Episcopal Church, 2,026,343 members, down 2.48 percent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+from+the+National+Council+of+Churches&rft.atitle=Trends+continue+in+church+membership+growth+or+decline%2C+reports+2011+Yearbook+of+American+%26+Canadian+Churches&rft.date=2011-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncccusa.org%2Fnews%2F110210yearbook2011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span> Note: The number of members given here is the total number of baptized members in 2012 (cf. <a href="#refBaptizedMembers2012">Baptized Members by Province and Diocese 2002–2013</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religious_Landscape_Study-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religious_Landscape_Study_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religious_Landscape_Study_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/">"Religious Landscape Study"</a>. Pew Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Landscape+Study&rft.pub=Pew+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Freligious-landscape-study%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillard2020" class="citation web cs1">Millard, Egan (October 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalnewsservice.org/2020/10/16/2019-parochial-reports-show-continued-decline-and-a-dire-future-for-the-episcopal-church/">"2019 parochial reports show continued decline and a 'dire' future for The Episcopal Church"</a>. <i>Episcopal News Service</i>. The Episcopal Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Episcopal+News+Service&rft.atitle=2019+parochial+reports+show+continued+decline+and+a+%27dire%27+future+for+The+Episcopal+Church&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.aulast=Millard&rft.aufirst=Egan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalnewsservice.org%2F2020%2F10%2F16%2F2019-parochial-reports-show-continued-decline-and-a-dire-future-for-the-episcopal-church%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606011423/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/library/article/what-makes-us-anglican">"What makes us Anglican? Hallmarks of the Episcopal Church"</a>. Episcopalchurch.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/library/article/what-makes-us-anglican">the original</a> on June 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+makes+us+Anglican%3F+Hallmarks+of+the+Episcopal+Church&rft.pub=Episcopalchurch.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle%2Fwhat-makes-us-anglican&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mainline2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mainline2000_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKinney, William. "Mainline Protestantism 2000", <i>Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</i>, Vol. 558, Americans and Religions in the Twenty-First Century (July, 1998), pp. 57–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THE_EPISCOPALIANS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THE_EPISCOPALIANS_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyres1981" class="citation news cs1">Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (April 28, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/28/us/the-episcopalians-an-american-elite-with-roots-going-back-to-jamestown.html">"The Episcopalians: An American Elite with Roots Going Back to Jamestown"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Episcopalians%3A+An+American+Elite+with+Roots+Going+Back+to+Jamestown&rft.date=1981-04-28&rft.aulast=Ayres&rft.aufirst=B.+Drummond+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F04%2F28%2Fus%2Fthe-episcopalians-an-american-elite-with-roots-going-back-to-jamestown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hacker_1957-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hacker_1957_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHacker1957" class="citation journal cs1">Hacker, Andrew (1957). "Liberal Democracy and Social Control". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Review" title="American Political Science Review">American Political Science Review</a></i>. <b>51</b> (4): 1009–1026. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1952449">10.2307/1952449</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1952449">1952449</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146933599">146933599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Liberal+Democracy+and+Social+Control&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1009-1026&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146933599%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1952449%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1952449&rft.aulast=Hacker&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson_&_Pyle-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_&_Pyle_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonPyleReyes1995" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, James D.; Pyle, Ralph E.; Reyes, David V. (1995). "Persistence and Change in the Protestant Establishment, 1930-1992". <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Forces" title="Social Forces">Social Forces</a></i>. <b>74</b> (1): 157–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsf%2F74.1.157">10.1093/sf/74.1.157</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2580627">2580627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+Change+in+the+Protestant+Establishment%2C+1930-1992&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=157-175&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsf%2F74.1.157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2580627%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft.au=Pyle%2C+Ralph+E.&rft.au=Reyes%2C+David+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewresearch.org-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pewresearch.org_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pewresearch.org_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/20/almost-all-presidents-have-been-christians/">"Almost all U.S. presidents, including Trump, have been Christians"</a>. Pew Research Center. January 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Almost+all+U.S.+presidents%2C+including+Trump%2C+have+been+Christians&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2017%2F01%2F20%2Falmost-all-presidents-have-been-christians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sociology_of_Religion-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sociology_of_Religion_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sociology_of_Religion_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKivistoSwatos_J.Christiano2015" class="citation book cs1">Kivisto, Peter; Swatos J., William H.; Christiano, Kevin J. (2015). Kivisto, Peter; Swatos J., Willaiam H. (eds.). <i>Sociology of Religion: Contemporary Developments</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1693-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1693-8"><bdi>978-1-4422-1693-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociology+of+Religion%3A+Contemporary+Developments&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-1693-8&rft.aulast=Kivisto&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Swatos+J.%2C+William+H.&rft.au=Christiano%2C+Kevin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_Elite:_Nobel_Laureates_in_the_United_Statesh_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckerman1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Zuckerman" title="Harriet Zuckerman">Zuckerman, Harriet</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HAHCzJfmD5IC"><i>Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States</i></a>. New York: The Free Press. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3376-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3376-9"><bdi>978-1-4128-3376-9</bdi></a>. <q>Protestants turn up among the American-reared laureates in slightly greater proportion to their numbers in the general population. Thus 72 percent of the seventy-one laureates but about two thirds of the American population were reared in one or another Protestantone denomination mostly Presbyterian, Episcopalian, or Lutheran rather than Baptist or Fundamentalist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientific+Elite%3A+Nobel+Laureates+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=The+Free+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-3376-9&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHAHCzJfmD5IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baltzell_2011_236-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baltzell_2011_236_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baltzell_2011_236_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaltzell2011" class="citation book cs1">Baltzell, E. Digby (2011). <i>Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a National Upper Class</i>. Transaction Publishers. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3075-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3075-1"><bdi>978-1-4128-3075-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philadelphia+Gentlemen%3A+The+Making+of+a+National+Upper+Class&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-3075-1&rft.aulast=Baltzell&rft.aufirst=E.+Digby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W._Williams-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-W._Williams_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-W._Williams_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-W._Williams_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-W._Williams_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-W._Williams_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-W._Williams_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._Williams2016" class="citation book cs1">W. Williams, Peter (2016). <i>Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression</i>. University of North Carolina Press. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-2698-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-2698-7"><bdi>978-1-4696-2698-7</bdi></a>. <q>The names of fashionable families who were already Episcopalian, like the Morgans, or those, like the Fricks, who now became so, goes on interminably: Aldrich, Astor, Biddle, Booth, Brown, Du Pont, Firestone, Ford, Gardner, Mellon, Morgan, Procter, the Vanderbilt, Whitney. Episcopalians branches of the Baptist Rockefellers and Jewish Guggenheims even appeared on these family trees.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Art%2C+and+Money%3A+Episcopalians+and+American+Culture+from+the+Civil+War+to+the+Great+Depression&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4696-2698-7&rft.aulast=W.+Williams&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourgeois2004-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourgeois2004_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBourgeois2004">Bourgeois 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelfand2009" class="citation news cs1">Helfand, Duke (October 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-oct-10-me-stlukes10-story.html">"Conservative worshipers prepare for their exodus"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Conservative+worshipers+prepare+for+their+exodus&rft.date=2009-10-10&rft.aulast=Helfand&rft.aufirst=Duke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2009-oct-10-me-stlukes10-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78th_General_Convention-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-78th_General_Convention_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-78th_General_Convention_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150802200740/http://episcopaldigitalnetwork.com/ens/2015/07/07/general-convention-wrap-up-historic-actions-structural-changes/">"General Convention wrap-up: Historic actions, structural changes"</a>. <i>Episcopal News Service</i>. July 7, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://episcopaldigitalnetwork.com/ens/2015/07/07/general-convention-wrap-up-historic-actions-structural-changes/">the original</a> on August 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Episcopal+News+Service&rft.atitle=General+Convention+wrap-up%3A+Historic+actions%2C+structural+changes&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepiscopaldigitalnetwork.com%2Fens%2F2015%2F07%2F07%2Fgeneral-convention-wrap-up-historic-actions-structural-changes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CandC-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CandC_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CandC_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CandC_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CandC_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/e-archives/canons/CandC_FINAL_11.29.2006.pdf">"Constitution & canons (2006) Together with the Rules of Order for the government of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America otherwise Known as The Episcopal Church"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The General Convention of The Episcopal Church. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+%26+canons+%282006%29+Together+with+the+Rules+of+Order+for+the+government+of+the+Protestant+Episcopal+Church+in+the+United+States+of+America+otherwise+Known+as+The+Episcopal+Church&rft.pub=The+General+Convention+of+The+Episcopal+Church&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalarchives.org%2Fe-archives%2Fcanons%2FCandC_FINAL_11.29.2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EnBr-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EnBr_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EnBr_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061604/Episcopal-Church-USA">"Episcopal Church USA"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Episcopal+Church+USA&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9061604%2FEpiscopal-Church-USA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._L._CrossE._A._Livingstone1997" class="citation book cs1">F. L. Cross; E. A. Livingstone, eds. (March 13, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late/page/554"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i></a> (3rd ed.). USA: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late/page/554">554</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-211655-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-211655-X"><bdi>0-19-211655-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=554&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997-03-13&rft.isbn=0-19-211655-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary00late%2Fpage%2F554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColEn-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ColEn_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ColEn_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205094221/http://www.bartleby.com/65/ep/Episcopal.html">"Episcopal Church"</a>. <i>The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition</i>. Columbia University Press. May 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/65/ep/Episcopal.html">the original</a> on December 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Episcopal+Church&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia%2C+Sixth+Edition&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F65%2Fep%2FEpiscopal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051214081055/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/index_esn.htm">"Episcopal Church webpage in Spanish"</a>. Episcopalchurch.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/index_esn.htm">the original</a> on December 14, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episcopal+Church+webpage+in+Spanish&rft.pub=Episcopalchurch.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Findex_esn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212220807/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/index_fra.htm">"Episcopal Church webpage in French"</a>. Episcopalchurch.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/index_fra.htm">the original</a> on December 12, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episcopal+Church+webpage+in+French&rft.pub=Episcopalchurch.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Findex_fra.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTIME1961" class="citation magazine cs1">TIME (September 22, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/archive/6811073/religion-is-protestant-a-bad-word/">"Religion: Is Protestant a Bad Word?"</a>. <i>TIME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Religion%3A+Is+Protestant+a+Bad+Word%3F&rft.date=1961-09-22&rft.au=TIME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Farchive%2F6811073%2Freligion-is-protestant-a-bad-word%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-Dykman4-6-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White-Dykman4-6_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteDykman1981" class="citation book cs1">White, Edwin; Dykman, Jackson (1981). <i>The Annotated Constitution and Canons for the Episcopal Church</i>. New York: Church Publishing Incorporated. pp. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89869-298-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89869-298-3"><bdi>978-0-89869-298-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Constitution+and+Canons+for+the+Episcopal+Church&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=Church+Publishing+Incorporated&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-89869-298-3&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.au=Dykman%2C+Jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=1979-A125">"Acts of Convention # 1979-A125"</a>. 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acts+of+Convention+%23+1979-A125&rft.date=1979&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalarchives.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Facts%2Facts_resolution-complete.pl%3Fresolution%3D1979-A125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZahl199856,_69-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZahl199856,_69_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZahl1998">Zahl 1998</a>, pp. 56, 69: "Protestant consciousness within ECUSA, which used to be called PECUSA (i.e., the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.) is moribund […] With the approval and lightning ascent of the 1979 Prayer Book came to the end, for all practical purposes, of Protestant churchmanship in what is now known aggressively as ECUSA".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anglicansonline-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anglicansonline_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morgue.anglicansonline.org/061029/">"Anglicans Online|The online centre of the Anglican / Episcopal world"</a>. Morgue.anglicansonline.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anglicans+Online%26%23124%3BThe+online+centre+of+the+Anglican+%2F+Episcopal+world&rft.pub=Morgue.anglicansonline.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmorgue.anglicansonline.org%2F061029%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726034317/http://www.episcopalchicago.org/about/about-admin/history.cfm">"About Us—The Episcopal Church: History/Profile"</a>. <i>The Episcopal Diocese of Chicago</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Episcopal+Diocese+of+Chicago&rft.atitle=About+Us%E2%80%94The+Episcopal+Church%3A+History%2FProfile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epischicago.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-admin%2Fhistory.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Episcopal_Church2023" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/styleguide/episcopal-episcopalian/">"Episcopal / Episcopalian"</a>. <i>The Episcopal Church</i>. April 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=Episcopal+%2F+Episcopalian&rft.date=2023-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fstyleguide%2Fepiscopal-episcopalian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen2016-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen2016_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2016" class="citation web cs1">Allen, David (May 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalcafe.com/the-united-methodist-church-takes-a-step-towards-full-communion-with-the-moravian-church-in-north-america/">"The United Methodist Church takes a step towards full communion with the Moravian Church in North America"</a>. Episcopal Cafe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2022</span>. <q>The Moravian Church is a full communion partner of the Episcopal Church. ... the Moravian Church's bishops are part of the historic Apostolic Succession.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+Methodist+Church+takes+a+step+towards+full+communion+with+the+Moravian+Church+in+North+America&rft.pub=Episcopal+Cafe&rft.date=2016-05-28&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalcafe.com%2Fthe-united-methodist-church-takes-a-step-towards-full-communion-with-the-moravian-church-in-north-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamilton1925-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton1925_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1925" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, J. Taylor (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglicanhistory.org/moravian/hamilton_recognition1924.html">"The Recognition of the Unitas Fratrum as an Old Episcopal Church by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1749"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Historical_Society" title="Moravian Historical Society">Moravian Historical Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Recognition+of+the+Unitas+Fratrum+as+an+Old+Episcopal+Church+by+the+Parliament+of+Great+Britain+in+1749&rft.pub=Moravian+Historical+Society&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=J.+Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanglicanhistory.org%2Fmoravian%2Fhamilton_recognition1924.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESydnor198064-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydnor198064_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydnor1980">Sydnor 1980</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESydnor198072-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESydnor198072_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSydnor1980">Sydnor 1980</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2005188-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2005188_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDouglas2005">Douglas 2005</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bente, Friedrich, 1858–1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanluthera01bentgoog/page/n29">American Lutheranism Volume 1: Early History of American Lutheranism</a>: Lutheran Swedes in Delaware. St. Louis: Concordia, 1919, pp. 13–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell2008-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell2008_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBell2008">Bell 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004_44-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeinShattuck2004">Hein & Shattuck 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifeandwork.org/features/looking-back-first-overseas-bishop">"Looking Back: First Overseas Bishop – Life and Work"</a>. <i>www.lifeandwork.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lifeandwork.org&rft.atitle=Looking+Back%3A+First+Overseas+Bishop+%E2%80%93+Life+and+Work&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifeandwork.org%2Ffeatures%2Flooking-back-first-overseas-bishop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiepkorn1977199-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiepkorn1977199_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiepkorn1977">Piepkorn 1977</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark1994-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark1994_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClark1994">Clark 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Episcopalname-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Episcopalname_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalarchives.org/sites/default/files/publications/1789_GC_Journal.pdf">"Journal of a Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and South Carolina"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UBE+History&rft.pub=Episcopalchurch.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2F5888_58502_ENG_HTM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalarchives.org/Afro-Anglican_history/exhibit/legacy/black_parishes.php">"The Church Awakens: African Americans and the Struggle for Justice | Historical African American Parishes"</a>. <i>www.episcopalarchives.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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November 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Van+Leer+Archives&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvanleerarchives.org%2Fvan-leer-cabins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepley" class="citation web cs1">Lepley, Kristin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/tripideas/the-charming-small-town-in-new-jersey-that-is-home-to-one-of-the-states-oldest-log-cabins-and-churches/ar-AA15vmQQ">"The Charming Small Town In New Jersey That Is Home To One Of The State's Oldest Log Cabins And Churches"</a>. <i>MSN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=The+Charming+Small+Town+In+New+Jersey+That+Is+Home+To+One+Of+The+State%27s+Oldest+Log+Cabins+And+Churches&rft.aulast=Lepley&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Ftravel%2Ftripideas%2Fthe-charming-small-town-in-new-jersey-that-is-home-to-one-of-the-states-oldest-log-cabins-and-churches%2Far-AA15vmQQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason1990-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason1990_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMason1990">Mason 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1995-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1995_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler1995">Butler 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Annual-1912-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Annual-1912_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_(State)_Dept_of_Labor1912" class="citation book cs1">New York (State) Dept of Labor (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cycXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA610"><i>Annual Report of the Commissioner of Labor</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Religion%3A+The+Eyes+of+the+World&rft.date=1954-06-21&rft.au=TIME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Farchive%2F6798315%2Freligion-the-eyes-of-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTIME1958" class="citation magazine cs1">TIME (October 27, 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/archive/6870742/religion-the-bishops-five/">"Religion: The Bishops' Five"</a>. <i>TIME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Religion%3A+The+Bishops%27+Five&rft.date=1958-10-27&rft.au=TIME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Farchive%2F6870742%2Freligion-the-bishops-five%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004134-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004134_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeinShattuck2004">Hein & Shattuck 2004</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004135-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004135_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeinShattuck2004">Hein & Shattuck 2004</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/22/archives/marshall-quits-church-session-judge-is-reported-upset-by-action-of.html">"MARSHALL QUITS CHURCH SESSION; Judge Is Reported Upset by Action of Episcopalians"</a>. <i>Marshall <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 21, 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marshall+The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MARSHALL+QUITS+CHURCH+SESSION%3B+Judge+Is+Reported+Upset+by+Action+of+Episcopalians&rft.date=1964-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F10%2F22%2Farchives%2Fmarshall-quits-church-session-judge-is-reported-upset-by-action-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004136-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004136_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeinShattuck2004">Hein & Shattuck 2004</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004137-8-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinShattuck2004137-8_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeinShattuck2004">Hein & Shattuck 2004</a>, p. 137-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110117063650/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/75383_73867_ENG_HTM.htm">"News Coverage from the 75th General Convention of the Episcopal Church"</a>. Episcopalchurch.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/75383_73867_ENG_HTM.htm">the original</a> on January 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+Coverage+from+the+75th+General+Convention+of+the+Episcopal+Church&rft.pub=Episcopalchurch.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2F75383_73867_ENG_HTM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1995" class="citation journal cs1">Rose, Christopher (February 26, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/the_living_church/TLCarticle.pl?volume=210&issue=9&article_id=1">"He's a Walking Contradiction"</a>. <i>The Living Church</i>. <b>210</b> (9): 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Living+Church&rft.atitle=He%27s+a+Walking+Contradiction&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1995-02-26&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalarchives.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fthe_living_church%2FTLCarticle.pl%3Fvolume%3D210%26issue%3D9%26article_id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrum200017-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrum200017_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrum2000">Frum 2000</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicannews.org/news/2016/01/statement-from-primates-2016.aspx">"Statement from Primates 2016"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+from+Primates+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicannews.org%2Fnews%2F2016%2F01%2Fstatement-from-primates-2016.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black2005-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Black2005_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black2005_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2005" class="citation book cs1">Black, Vicki K. (August 1, 2005). <i>Welcome to the Book of Common Prayer</i>. Church Publishing. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8192-2601-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8192-2601-3"><bdi>978-0-8192-2601-3</bdi></a>. <q>The ecumenical movements of the second half of the twentieth century led to a shared reading of Scripture in worship as well, with the current lectionaries for all liturgical denominations today having certain elements in common.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Church+Publishing&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8192-2601-3&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Vicki+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramshaw2004-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramshaw2004_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamshaw2004" class="citation book cs1">Ramshaw, Gail (2004). <i>The Three-Day Feast: Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter</i>. Augsburg Books. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8066-5115-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8066-5115-6"><bdi>978-0-8066-5115-6</bdi></a>. <q>Many Christians are already familiar with the ancient, and now recently restored, liturgies of the Three Days: Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and the great Easter Vigil service of light, readings, baptism, and communion. The worship resources published by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Episcopal Church, the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church U.S.A. and the Catholic Church include nearly identical versions of these liturgies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three-Day+Feast%3A+Maundy+Thursday%2C+Good+Friday%2C+and+Easter&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Augsburg+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8066-5115-6&rft.aulast=Ramshaw&rft.aufirst=Gail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Revised Common Lectionary: Years A, B, C, and Holy Days According to the Use of the Episcopal Church</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/41685_3311_ENG_HTM.htm">the original</a> on October 19, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="#cite_ref-2012-13StatTotals_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012-13StatTotals_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ref2012-13StatTotals" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028053412/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/sites/default/files/downloads/statistical_totals_for_the_episcopal_church_by_province_and_diocese_2012-2013.pdf"><i>Statistical Totals for the Episcopal Church by Province and Diocese: 2012–2013</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, The Episcopal Church, 2014, p. 5, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/sites/default/files/downloads/statistical_totals_for_the_episcopal_church_by_province_and_diocese_2012-2013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 28, 2014<span 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ARIS/Barna. Archived from the original on May 8, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2016</span>. <q>[I]n 2001, 3.5 million American adults said they were Episcopalians. But in 2000 the Episcopal Church reported a total constituency of 2,317,794 people, including fully-committed [sic] members and inclusive adherents. This signifies a gap between those who are affiliated with the church (on membership rolls), versus those who self-identify with a particular denominational label but in most cases have no practical connection to the denomination and do not attend services.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adherents.com&rft.atitle=Largest+denominations%2Fdenominational+families+in+U.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Frel_USA.html%23families&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2002" class="citation web cs1">Price, Matthew J (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpg.org/linkservid/4A112D51-D5DF-FAB4-2248238DC9466307/showMeta/0/?label=Will%20There%20be%20a%20Clergy%20Shortage%3F">"Will There Be a Clergy Shortage?"</a>. <i>www.cpg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cpg.org&rft.atitle=Will+There+Be+a+Clergy+Shortage%3F&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpg.org%2Flinkservid%2F4A112D51-D5DF-FAB4-2248238DC9466307%2FshowMeta%2F0%2F%3Flabel%3DWill%2520There%2520be%2520a%2520Clergy%2520Shortage%253F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630194516/http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_849_d.asp">"Episcopal Church—Rates of Adherence Per 1000 Population (2000)"</a>. <i>The Association of Religion Data Archives</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_849_d.asp">the original</a> on June 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives&rft.atitle=Episcopal+Church%E2%80%94Rates+of+Adherence+Per+1000+Population+%282000%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FDenoms%2FD_849_d.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206145043/http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_177c.asp">"Episcopal Church States (2000)"</a>. <i>The Association of Religion Data Archives</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_177c.asp">the original</a> on December 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Congregational "adherents" include all full members, their children, and others who regularly attend services.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives&rft.atitle=Episcopal+Church+States+%282000%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FQuickLists%2FQuickList_177c.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webster2012-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webster2012_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster2012" class="citation web cs1">Webster, Dan (January 4, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalnewsservice.org/2012/01/04/catholic-and-episcopalian/">"Catholic 'and' Episcopalian"</a>. Episcopal News Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+%27and%27+Episcopalian&rft.pub=Episcopal+News+Service&rft.date=2012-01-04&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalnewsservice.org%2F2012%2F01%2F04%2Fcatholic-and-episcopalian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://episcopal.cafe/numbers_episcopalians_who_join_the_ordinariate_catholics_who_become_episcopalians/">"Numbers: Episcopalians who join the ordinariate, Catholics who become Episcopalians"</a>. Episcopal Café. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Numbers%3A+Episcopalians+who+join+the+ordinariate%2C+Catholics+who+become+Episcopalians&rft.pub=Episcopal+Caf%C3%A9&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepiscopal.cafe%2Fnumbers_episcopalians_who_join_the_ordinariate_catholics_who_become_episcopalians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113034647/https://www.episcopalchurch.org/files/documents/table_of_statistics_of_the_episcopal_church_2016.pdf">"Table of Statistics of the Episcopal Church"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. episcopalchurch.org. December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/files/documents/table_of_statistics_of_the_episcopal_church_2016.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+of+Statistics+of+the+Episcopal+Church&rft.pub=episcopalchurch.org&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Ftable_of_statistics_of_the_episcopal_church_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071231190210/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/3577_60792_ENG_HTM.htm">"Mainline Protestant churches no longer dominate"</a>. Episcopalchurch.org. March 30, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/3577_60792_ENG_HTM.htm">the original</a> on December 31, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mainline+Protestant+churches+no+longer+dominate&rft.pub=Episcopalchurch.org&rft.date=2005-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2F3577_60792_ENG_HTM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thearda.com-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thearda.com_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thearda.com_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424224410/http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_849.asp">"Data from the National Council of Churches' Historic Archive CD and Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches"</a>. thearda.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/Denoms/D_849.asp">the original</a> on April 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+from+the+National+Council+of+Churches%27+Historic+Archive+CD+and+Yearbook+of+American+and+Canadian+Churches&rft.pub=thearda.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FDenoms%2FD_849.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RedBook2009-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RedBook2009_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107053037/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/2009_Red_Book_Table_of_Statistics_by_Prov__Diocese.pdf">"Table of Statistics of the Episcopal Church"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/2009_Red_Book_Table_of_Statistics_by_Prov__Diocese.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+of+Statistics+of+the+Episcopal+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fdocuments%2F2009_Red_Book_Table_of_Statistics_by_Prov__Diocese.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrowthReport2004-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GrowthReport2004_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107045158/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/2004GrowthReport(1).pdf">"Is the Episcopal Church Growing (or Declining)? by C. Kirk Hadaway Director of Research, The Episcopal Church Center"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/2004GrowthReport(1).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+the+Episcopal+Church+Growing+%28or+Declining%29%3F+by+C.+Kirk+Hadaway+Director+of+Research%2C+The+Episcopal+Church+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fdocuments%2F2004GrowthReport%281%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013155009/http://episcopalchurch.org/3577_55181_ENG_HTM.htm">"Q&A Context, analysis on Church membership statistics"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q%26A+Context%2C+analysis+on+Church+membership+statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2F3577_55181_ENG_HTM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fastfacts2005-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fastfacts2005_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028184531/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/Domestic_FAST_FACTS_2005.pdf">"Episcopal Fast Facts: 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episcopal+Fast+Facts%3A+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fdocuments%2FDomestic_FAST_FACTS_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028184532/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/Text_Summary_of_Episcopal_Statistics_2005.pdf">"Text Summary of Episcopal Statistics 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/Text_Summary_of_Episcopal_Statistics_2005.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Text+Summary+of+Episcopal+Statistics+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fdocuments%2FText_Summary_of_Episcopal_Statistics_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArticles_by_John_Dart2006" class="citation web cs1">Articles by John Dart (November 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christiancentury.org/article.lasso?id=2566">"Episcopal membership loss 'precipitous'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Caused+the+Decline+in+Membership+in+the+Episcopal+Church%3F&rft.pub=Rci.rutgers.edu&rft.date=1996-02-14&rft.au=Louie+Crew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rci.rutgers.edu%2F~lcrew%2Fdojustice%2Fj325.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irving Lewis Allen, "WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet," <i>Ethnicity,</i> 1975 154+</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHacker1957" class="citation journal cs1">Hacker, Andrew (1957). 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New York, Random House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/protestantestabl00baltrich/page/9">9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Protestant+Establishment&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Random+House&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Baltzell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprotestantestabl00baltrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHochstedt_Butler1995" class="citation book cs1">Hochstedt Butler, Diana (1995). <i>Standing Against the Whirlwind: Evangelical Episcopalians in Nineteenth-Century America</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535905-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535905-3"><bdi>978-0-19-535905-3</bdi></a>. <q>Of all these northern schools, only Columbia and the University of Pennsylvania were historically Anglican; the rest are associated with revivalist Presbyterianism or Congregationalism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standing+Against+the+Whirlwind%3A+Evangelical+Episcopalians+in+Nineteenth-Century+America&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-535905-3&rft.aulast=Hochstedt+Butler&rft.aufirst=Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalaf2012" class="citation book cs1">Khalaf, Samir (2012). <i>Protestant Missionaries in the Levant: Ungodly Puritans, 1820–1860</i>. Routledge. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-24980-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-24980-8"><bdi>978-1-136-24980-8</bdi></a>. <q>Princeton was Presbyterian, while Columbia and Pennsylvania were Episcopalian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protestant+Missionaries+in+the+Levant%3A+Ungodly+Puritans%2C+1820%E2%80%931860&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-24980-8&rft.aulast=Khalaf&rft.aufirst=Samir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipka2018" class="citation web cs1">Lipka, Michael (July 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/02/5-facts-about-episcopalians/">"5 facts about Episcopalians"</a>. Pew Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+facts+about+Episcopalians&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.aulast=Lipka&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2018%2F07%2F02%2F5-facts-about-episcopalians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonolige1978" class="citation book cs1">Konolige, Kit and Frederica (1978). <i>The Power of Their Glory: America's Ruling Class: The Episcopalians</i>. New York: Wyden Books. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88326-155-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88326-155-3"><bdi>0-88326-155-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Their+Glory%3A+America%27s+Ruling+Class%3A+The+Episcopalians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Wyden+Books&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-88326-155-3&rft.aulast=Konolige&rft.aufirst=Kit+and+Frederica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Rosenbaum2006" class="citation book cs1">B. Rosenbaum, Julia (2006). <i>Visions of Belonging: New England Art and the Making of American Identity</i>. Cornell University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4470-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4470-8"><bdi>978-0-8014-4470-8</bdi></a>. <q>By the late nineteenth century, one of the strongest bulwarks of Brahmin power was Harvard University. Statistics underscore the close relationship between Harvard and Boston's upper strata.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+Belonging%3A+New+England+Art+and+the+Making+of+American+Identity&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-4470-8&rft.aulast=B.+Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Julia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._Holloran1989" class="citation book cs1">C. Holloran, Peter (1989). <i>Boston's Wayward Children: Social Services for Homeless Children, 1830–1930</i>. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3297-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3297-0"><bdi>978-0-8386-3297-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boston%27s+Wayward+Children%3A+Social+Services+for+Homeless+Children%2C+1830%E2%80%931930&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+Univ+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3297-0&rft.aulast=C.+Holloran&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Harp2003" class="citation book cs1">J. Harp, Gillis (2003). <i>Brahmin Prophet: Phillips Brooks and the Path of Liberal Protestantism</i>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-7198-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-7198-3"><bdi>978-0-7425-7198-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brahmin+Prophet%3A+Phillips+Brooks+and+the+Path+of+Liberal+Protestantism&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-7198-3&rft.aulast=J.+Harp&rft.aufirst=Gillis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irving Lewis Allen, "WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet", <i>Ethnicity,</i> 2.2 (1975): 153–162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonPyleReyes1995" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, James D.; Pyle, Ralph E.; Reyes, David V. 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Episcopal News Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episcopal+farmworker+ministries+respond+to+needs+during+COVID-19+pandemic&rft.pub=Episcopal+News+Service&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.aulast=Korkzan&rft.aufirst=Shireen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalnewsservice.org%2F2020%2F06%2F03%2Fepiscopal-farmworker-ministries-respond-to-needs-during-covid-19-pandemic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehman" class="citation news cs1">Lehman, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=158535358">"Episcopal Church Courts Latinos"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/pdf/CnC/CandC_2009pp61-64.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalarchives.org%2Fpdf%2FCnC%2FCandC_2009pp61-64.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicancommunion.org/tour/province.cfm?ID=Y2">"The Anglican Communion Official Website: Iglesia Episcopal de Cuba"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Anglican+Communion+Official+Website%3A+Iglesia+Episcopal+de+Cuba&rft.pub=Anglicancommunion.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicancommunion.org%2Ftour%2Fprovince.cfm%3FID%3DY2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwatos2005212-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwatos2005212_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwatos2005">Swatos 2005</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-09ConstArtI-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-09ConstArtI_152-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-09ConstArtI_152-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-09ConstArtI_152-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608091222/http://www.episcopalarchives.org/pdf/CnC/CandC_2009pp11-60.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalarchives.org%2Fpdf%2FCnC%2FCandC_2009pp11-60.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-09JointRuleIX-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-09JointRuleIX_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joint Rule IX of the General Convention</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101031203713/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/67608_ENG_HTM.htm">"Church Governance"</a>. episcopalchurch.org. 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February 2008. pp. 846–853. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=846-853&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 853. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=853&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 868. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=868&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 868. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=868&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. January 15, 2008. p. 857. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=857&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London. February 2008. pp. 857–860. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=857-860&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 858. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=858&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/what-we-believe/communion/">"What We Believe: Communion"</a>. <i>The Episcopal Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=What+We+Believe%3A+Communion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fwhat-we-believe%2Fcommunion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 860. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=860&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/02/book-of-common-prayer-2006.pdf"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i></a>, Episcopalchurch.org. 2006. p. 860. Retrieved September 10, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Episcopal_Church-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Episcopal_Church_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/hell/">"Hell"</a>. <i>An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Episcopal+Dictionary+of+the+Church&rft.atitle=Hell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fglossary%2Fhell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Buchanan Bernardin, <i>An Introduction to the Episcopal Church</i> (2008) p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 855. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=855&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 874. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=874&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 854. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=854&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. February 2008. p. 856. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-528777-6"><bdi>978-0-19-528777-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Common+Prayer&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=856&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-02&rft.isbn=978-0-19-528777-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Common Prayer</i>. London: Oxford University Press. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/visitors_8950_ENG_HTM.htm">the original</a> on June 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+makes+us+Anglican%3F+Hallmarks+of+the+Episcopal+Church&rft.pub=Episcopalchurch.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fvisitors_8950_ENG_HTM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904145347/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/19625_13797_ENG_HTM.htm">Authority, Sources of (in Anglicanism)</a> on the Episcopal Church site, accessed on April 19, 2007, which in turn credits Church Publishing Incorporated, New York, NY, from <i>An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church, A User Friendly Reference for Episcopalians,</i> Don S. Armentrout and Robert Boak Slocum, editors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723214242/http://www.anglicanlistening.org/anglican_listening_61766_ENG_HTM.htm">Anglican Listening</a> on the Episcopal Church site goes into detail on how scripture, tradition, and reason work to "uphold and critique each other in a dynamic way".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As stated in section 2.16 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050623174848/http://www.episcopalchurch.org/documents/ToSetOurHopeOnChrist.pdf">To Set Our Hope On Christ (PDF)</a>, because "the biblical writers [...] write at different times and in different circumstances, they do not always agree with one another. [...] For example, it is helpful to know that when Ezra (chapter 10) commands the men of Israel to divorce their wives, it is because they had married foreign wives, who are seen to be a danger to Israel in exile. But there is another belief about foreign wives in the Book of Ruth, probably written at about the same time. [...] Today, in some situations, it may be faithful to follow Ezra, while in most situations it is faithful to follow Ruth."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Robin Williams: Live on Broadway</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Convention <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=1991-D066">Resolution 1991-D066</a> Support a Policy of Pay Equity in the Church and Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Convention <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=2003-D040">Resolution 2003-D040</a> Reaffirm Commitment to Provide Affordable Housing for the Poor</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Convention <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=1997-D030">Resolution 1997-D030</a> Challenge Congregations to Establish Direct Ministries to the Poor</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Convention <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=1997-D082">Resolution 1997-D082</a> Urge Church-wide Promotion of the Living Wage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Convention <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=2000-A081">Resolution 2000-A081</a> Urge Bishops and Diocesan Leaders to Support the National Implementation of a Just Wage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Convention <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=2003-A130">Resolution 2003-A130</a> Support the Establishment of a Living Wage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Convention <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution-complete.pl?resolution=2003-C030">Resolution 2003-C030</a> Urge Legislation to Raise the Federal Minimum Wage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution.pl?resolution=1997-A053">"Acts of Convention: Implement Mandatory Rights of Women Clergy under Canon Law, 1997-A053"</a>. <i>Archives of the Episcopal Church</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Episcopal+News+Service&rft.atitle=Full+communion+between+Methodists%2C+Episcopalians+gets+closer&rft.date=2024-05-01&rft.aulast=Woerman&rft.aufirst=Melodie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepiscopalnewsservice.org%2F2024%2F05%2F01%2Ffull-communion-between-methodists-episcopalians-gets-closer%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR2W3DFclhm6-27n5j1X1rLRDpzqaA-Xv8HFeCCsQcGYQ_MJEsIAIv4VNx8_aem_AbVtDP3poFvYm_JVNW3TdOSCcgxJ81dm6gtGkrFxwBOQ4978mz43wuwfdcvjpJ6QrWVB7HK5RRZ-GamAVGtEIx47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/ministries/ecumenical-interreligious/presbyterian-episcopal-dialogue/">"Presbyterian-Episcopal Dialogue"</a>. <i>The Episcopal Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=Presbyterian-Episcopal+Dialogue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.episcopalchurch.org%2Fministries%2Fecumenical-interreligious%2Fpresbyterian-episcopal-dialogue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2006" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Elizabeth (2006). <i>Going to Heaven: The Life and Election of Bishop Gene Robinson</i>. Brooklyn, New York: Soft Skull Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933368-22-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933368-22-1"><bdi>978-1-933368-22-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Going+to+Heaven%3A+The+Life+and+Election+of+Bishop+Gene+Robinson&rft.place=Brooklyn%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Soft+Skull+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-933368-22-1&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaltzell1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._Digby_Baltzell" title="E. Digby Baltzell">Baltzell, E. Digby</a> (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/protestantestabl00baltrich"><i>The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America</i></a></span>. New York: Random House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Protestant+Establishment%3A+Aristocracy+and+Caste+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Baltzell&rft.aufirst=E.+Digby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprotestantestabl00baltrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourgeois2004" class="citation book cs1">Bourgeois, Michael (2004). <i>All Things Human: Henry Codman Potter and the Social Gospel in the Episcopal Church</i>. Studies in Anglican History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02877-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-02877-9"><bdi>978-0-252-02877-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Things+Human%3A+Henry+Codman+Potter+and+the+Social+Gospel+in+the+Episcopal+Church&rft.place=Urbana&rft.series=Studies+in+Anglican+History&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-252-02877-9&rft.aulast=Bourgeois&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diana_Butler_Bass" title="Diana Butler Bass">Butler, Diana Hochstedt</a> (1995). <i>Standing Against the Whirlwind: Evangelical Episcopalians in Nineteenth-Century America</i>. Religion in America. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508542-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508542-6"><bdi>978-0-19-508542-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standing+Against+the+Whirlwind%3A+Evangelical+Episcopalians+in+Nineteenth-Century+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Religion+in+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508542-6&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Diana+Hochstedt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2008" class="citation book cs1">Bell, James B. (2008). <i>A War of Religion: Dissenters, Anglicans, and the American Revolution</i>. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54297-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54297-6"><bdi>978-0-230-54297-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+War+of+Religion%3A+Dissenters%2C+Anglicans%2C+and+the+American+Revolution&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+England&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-54297-6&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1994" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, Jennifer (1994). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Church of Our Fathers': The Development of the Protestant Episcopal Church Within the Changing Post-Revolutionary Anglo-American Relationship". <i>Journal of Religious History</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 27–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9809.1994.tb00225.x">10.1111/j.1467-9809.1994.tb00225.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religious+History&rft.atitle=%27Church+of+Our+Fathers%27%3A+The+Development+of+the+Protestant+Episcopal+Church+Within+the+Changing+Post-Revolutionary+Anglo-American+Relationship&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-51&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9809.1994.tb00225.x&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonPyleReyes1995" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, James D.; Pyle, Ralph E.; Reyes, David V. (1995). "Persistence and Change in the Protestant Establishment, 1930–1992". <i>Social Forces</i>. <b>74</b> (1): 157–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsf%2F74.1.157">10.1093/sf/74.1.157</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2580627">2580627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+Change+in+the+Protestant+Establishment%2C+1930%E2%80%931992&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=157-175&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsf%2F74.1.157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2580627%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft.au=Pyle%2C+Ralph+E.&rft.au=Reyes%2C+David+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Douglas_(bishop)" title="Ian Douglas (bishop)">Douglas, Ian T.</a> (2005). "Anglican Mission in Changing Times: A Brief Institutional History of the Episcopal Church, USA". In Roozen, David A.; Nieman, James R. (eds.). <i>Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. pp. 188–197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2819-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2819-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2819-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anglican+Mission+in+Changing+Times%3A+A+Brief+Institutional+History+of+the+Episcopal+Church%2C+USA&rft.btitle=Church%2C+Identity%2C+and+Change%3A+Theology+and+Denominational+Structures+in+Unsettled+Times&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=188-197&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2819-4&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Ian+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum"><i>How We Got Here: The '70s</i></a>. New York City: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04195-4"><bdi>978-0-465-04195-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-465-04195-4&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHacker1957" class="citation journal cs1">Hacker, Andrew (1957). "Liberal Democracy and Social Control". <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <b>51</b> (4): 1009–1026. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1952449">10.2307/1952449</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1952449">1952449</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146933599">146933599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Liberal+Democracy+and+Social+Control&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1009-1026&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146933599%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1952449%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1952449&rft.aulast=Hacker&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinShattuck2004" class="citation book cs1">Hein, David; Shattuck, Gardiner H Jr. (2004). <i>The Episcopalians</i>. New York: Church Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89869-497-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89869-497-0"><bdi>978-0-89869-497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Episcopalians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Church+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89869-497-0&rft.aulast=Hein&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Shattuck%2C+Gardiner+H+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason1990" class="citation journal cs1">Mason, Lockert B. (1990). "Separation and Reunion of the Episcopal Church, 1860–1865: The Role of Bishop Thomas Atkinson". <i>Anglican and Episcopal History</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 345–365. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42610426">42610426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anglican+and+Episcopal+History&rft.atitle=Separation+and+Reunion+of+the+Episcopal+Church%2C+1860%E2%80%931865%3A+The+Role+of+Bishop+Thomas+Atkinson&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=345-365&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42610426%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Lockert+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiepkorn1977" class="citation book cs1">Piepkorn, Arthur Carl (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/profilesinbelief00piep"><i>Profiles in Belief: The Religious Bodies of the United States and Canada</i></a>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-066580-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-066580-7"><bdi>978-0-06-066580-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profiles+in+Belief%3A+The+Religious+Bodies+of+the+United+States+and+Canada&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-06-066580-7&rft.aulast=Piepkorn&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprofilesinbelief00piep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodmore2008" class="citation journal cs1">Podmore, Colin (2008). "A Tale of Two Churches: The Ecclesiologies of The Episcopal Church and the Church of England Compared". <i>International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 124–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14742250801930822">10.1080/14742250801930822</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214652376">214652376</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.atitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Churches%3A+The+Ecclesiologies+of+The+Episcopal+Church+and+the+Church+of+England+Compared&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=124-154&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14742250801930822&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214652376%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Podmore&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeder2006" class="citation journal cs1">Reeder, Kathleen E. (2006). "Whose Church Is It, Anyway? Property Disputes and Episcopal Church Splits". <i>Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems</i>. <b>40</b> (2): 125–171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Journal+of+Law+and+Social+Problems&rft.atitle=Whose+Church+Is+It%2C+Anyway%3F+Property+Disputes+and+Episcopal+Church+Splits&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=125-171&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Reeder&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwatos2005" class="citation book cs1">Swatos, William H Jr. (2005). "A Primacy of Systems: Confederation, Cooperation, and Communion". In Roozen, David A.; Nieman, James R. (eds.). <i>Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. pp. 198–226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2819-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2819-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2819-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Primacy+of+Systems%3A+Confederation%2C+Cooperation%2C+and+Communion&rft.btitle=Church%2C+Identity%2C+and+Change%3A+Theology+and+Denominational+Structures+in+Unsettled+Times&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=198-226&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2819-4&rft.aulast=Swatos&rft.aufirst=William+H+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSydnor1980" class="citation book cs1">Sydnor, William (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lookingatepiscop00sydn"><i>Looking at the Episcopal Church</i></a>. Morehouse Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8192-1279-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8192-1279-5"><bdi>978-0-8192-1279-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Looking+at+the+Episcopal+Church&rft.pub=Morehouse+Publishing&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-8192-1279-5&rft.aulast=Sydnor&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flookingatepiscop00sydn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebber1999" class="citation book cs1">Webber, Christopher L. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zcAverD84rEC"><i>Welcome to the Episcopal Church: An Introduction to Its History, Faith, and Worship</i></a>. Morehouse Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8192-1820-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8192-1820-9"><bdi>978-0-8192-1820-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+Episcopal+Church%3A+An+Introduction+to+Its+History%2C+Faith%2C+and+Worship&rft.pub=Morehouse+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8192-1820-9&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Christopher+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzcAverD84rEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2006" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Peter W. (2006). "The Gospel of Wealth and the Gospel of Art: Episcopalians and Cultural Philanthropy from the Gilded Age to the Depression". <i>Anglican and Episcopal History</i>. <b>75</b> (2): 170–223. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42612970">42612970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anglican+and+Episcopal+History&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+of+Wealth+and+the+Gospel+of+Art%3A+Episcopalians+and+Cultural+Philanthropy+from+the+Gilded+Age+to+the+Depression&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=170-223&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42612970%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZahl1998" class="citation book cs1">Zahl, Paul F. M. (1998). <i>The Protestant Face of Anglicanism</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4597-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4597-9"><bdi>978-0-8028-4597-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Protestant+Face+of+Anglicanism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4597-9&rft.aulast=Zahl&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anglican_%26_Episcopal_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican & Episcopal History">Anglican & Episcopal History</a></i>—<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719091010/http://www.hsec.us/anglican-episcopal-history">The Journal of the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church</a> (articles, church reviews, and book reviews).</li> <li>Articles on leading Episcopalians, both lay (e.g., <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a>) and ordained, in <i>American National Biography</i>. (1999). Edited by John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. Also 100 biographical articles in Hein and Shattuck, <i>The Episcopalians</i>: see below.</li> <li><i>A Brief History of the Episcopal Church</i>. Holmes, David L. (1993). Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International.</li> <li><i>A Dictionary for Episcopalians</i>. Wall, John N. (2000). Boston, MA: Cowley Publications.</li> <li><i>Documents of Witness: A History of the Episcopal Church, 1782–1985</i>. Armentrout, Don S., & Slocum, Robert Boak. (1994). New York: Church Hymnal Corporation.</li> <li><i>Readings from the History of the Episcopal Church</i>. Prichard, Robert W. (Ed.). (1986). Wilton, CT: Morehouse-Barlow.</li> <li><i>The Episcopal Clerical Directory</i>. New York: Church Publishing.</li> <li><i> An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church: A User Friendly Reference for Episcopalians</i>. Armentrout, Don S., & Slocum, Robert Boak. (Eds.). ([1999]). New York: Church Publishing Incorporated.</li> <li><i>About the Concordat: 28 Questions about the Agreement between the Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Church of America [i.e. the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]</i>, prepared by the Ecumenical Relations Office of the Episcopal Church. Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, [1997?]. 43 p. Without ISBN</li> <li><i>A Commentary on [the Episcopal Church/Evangelical Lutheran Church in America] Concordat of Agreement</i>, ed. by James E. Griffes and Daniel Martensen. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg-Fortress; Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, 1994. 159 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8066-2690-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8066-2690-9">0-8066-2690-9</a></li> <li><i>Concordat of Agreement [between the Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]: Supporting Essays</i>, ed. by Daniel F. Martensen. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg-Fortress; Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, 1995. 234 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8066-2667-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8066-2667-4">0-8066-2667-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeltser2006" class="citation journal cs1">Seltser, Barry Jay (May 19, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020075038/http://www.commonwealmagazine.org/article.php?id_article=1647">"Episcopalian Crisis: Authority, Homosexuality & the Future of Anglicanism"</a>. <i>Commonweal</i>. <b>133</b> (10). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonwealmagazine.org/article.php?id_article=1647">the original</a> on October 20, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commonweal&rft.atitle=Episcopalian+Crisis%3A+Authority%2C+Homosexuality+%26+the+Future+of+Anglicanism&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=10&rft.date=2006-05-19&rft.aulast=Seltser&rft.aufirst=Barry+Jay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealmagazine.org%2Farticle.php%3Fid_article%3D1647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span> An essay on Hooker and the present discontents.</li> <li><i>The History of the Episcopal Church in America, 1607–1991: A Bibliography</i>. Caldwell, Sandra M., & Caldwell, Ronald J. (1993). New York: Garland Publishing.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShattuck2000" class="citation book cs1">Shattuck, Gardiner H Jr. (2000). <i>Episcopalians and Race: Civil War to Civil Rights</i>. Religion in the South. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2149-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2149-9"><bdi>978-0-8131-2149-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Episcopalians+and+Race%3A+Civil+War+to+Civil+Rights&rft.place=Lexington&rft.series=Religion+in+the+South&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2149-9&rft.aulast=Shattuck&rft.aufirst=Gardiner+H+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Historical Dictionary of Anglicanism</i> by Colin Buchanan; (2nd ed. 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Historical-Dictionary-Anglicanism-Dictionaries-Philosophies/dp/1442250151">excerpt</a></li> <li><i>Jamestown Commitment: the Episcopal Church [i.e. the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.] and the American Indian</i>, by Owanah Anderson. Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications (1988). 170 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88028-082-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88028-082-4">0-88028-082-4</a></li> <li>Mullin, Robert Bruce. "Trends in the Study of the History of the Episcopal Church," <i>Anglican and Episcopal History,</i> June 2003, Vol. 72 Issue 2, pp 153–165, historiography</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1551&sug=y">New Georgia Encyclopedia article on the Episcopal Church in the U.S. South</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511201011/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1551&sug=y">Archived</a> May 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>"The Forgotten Evangelicals: Virginia Episcopalians, 1790–1876". Waukechon, John Frank. <i>Dissertation Abstracts International,</i> 2001, Vol. 61 Issue 8, pp 3322–3322</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarter2004" class="citation journal cs1">Tarter, Brent (2004). "Reflections on the Church of England in Colonial Virginia". <i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Magazine of History and Biography">Virginia Magazine of History and Biography</a></i>. <b>112</b> (4): 338–371. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4250211">4250211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=Reflections+on+the+Church+of+England+in+Colonial+Virginia&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=338-371&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4250211%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tarter&rft.aufirst=Brent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEpiscopal+Church+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Noble Powell and the Episcopal Establishment in the Twentieth Century</i>. Hein, David. (2001, 2007). Urbana: University of Illinois Press; paperback reprint, Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/content/rewritinghistory.pdf">Rewriting History: Scapegoating the Episcopal Church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003824/http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/content/rewritinghistory.pdf">Archived</a> November 9, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Savitri_Hensman" title="Savitri Hensman">Savitri Hensman</a>. Ekklesia. 2007.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.episcopalchurch.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682443#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchpublishing.org/">Church Publishing, Inc.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/group-profiles/groups?D=295">Profile on the Association of Religion Data Archives website</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Episcopal_Church_in_the_USA" title="Template:Episcopal Church in the USA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Episcopal_Church_in_the_USA" title="Template talk:Episcopal Church in the USA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Episcopal_Church_in_the_USA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Episcopal Church in the USA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Episcopal Church in the United States of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure and law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Convention_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">General Convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Bishops" title="House of Bishops">House of Bishops</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Deputies" title="House of Deputies">House of Deputies</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Conventions_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="List of General Conventions of the Episcopal Church">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Canon law of the Episcopal Church in the United States">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioceses_of_the_Episcopal_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioceses of the Episcopal Church">Dioceses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bishops_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="List of bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">List of bishops</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presiding_bishops_of_the_Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" title="List of presiding bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America">presiding bishops</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="History of the Episcopal Church (United States)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_seminaries_affiliated_with_the_Episcopal_Church" title="List of colleges and seminaries affiliated with the Episcopal Church">Seminaries and colleges affiliated</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1979)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1979)">1979</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Service_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Service Book">Anglican Service Book</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Standard_Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Custodian of the Standard Book of Common Prayer">Custodian of the Standard Book of Common Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Episcopal_cathedrals_of_the_United_States" title="List of the Episcopal cathedrals of the United States">Cathedrals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_and_dioceses_of_the_Episcopal_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_and_dioceses_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Template:Provinces and dioceses of the Episcopal Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_and_dioceses_of_the_Episcopal_Church" 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href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Connecticut" title="Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Maine" title="Episcopal Diocese of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Massachusetts" title="Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_New_Hampshire" title="Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Rhode_Island" title="Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Vermont" title="Episcopal Diocese of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_Massachusetts" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western Massachusetts">Western Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_2_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 2 of the Episcopal Church">Province II</a> (Atlantic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Albany" title="Episcopal Diocese of Albany">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Central_New_York" title="Episcopal Diocese of Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_of_Cuba" title="Episcopal Church of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convocation_of_Episcopal_Churches_in_Europe" title="Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Haiti" title="Episcopal Diocese of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Long_Island" title="Episcopal Diocese of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_New_Jersey" title="Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_New_York" title="Episcopal Diocese of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Newark" title="Episcopal Diocese of Newark">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Episcopal Diocese of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Rochester" title="Episcopal Diocese of Rochester">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Episcopal Diocese of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_New_York" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western New York">Western New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_3_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 3 of the Episcopal Church">Province III</a> (Washington)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Bethlehem" title="Episcopal Diocese of Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Central_Pennsylvania" title="Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania">Central Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Delaware" title="Episcopal Diocese of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Easton" title="Episcopal Diocese of Easton">Easton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Maryland" title="Episcopal Diocese of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Northwestern_Pennsylvania" title="Episcopal Diocese of Northwestern Pennsylvania">Northwestern Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Pennsylvania" title="Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Pittsburgh" title="Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Southern_Virginia" title="Episcopal Diocese of Southern Virginia">Southern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Southwestern_Virginia" title="Episcopal Diocese of Southwestern Virginia">Southwestern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Virginia" title="Episcopal Diocese of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Washington" title="Episcopal Diocese of Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_West_Virginia" title="Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_4_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 4 of the Episcopal Church">Province IV</a> (Sewanee)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Alabama" title="Episcopal Diocese of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Atlanta" title="Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Central_Florida" title="Episcopal Diocese of Central Florida">Central Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_the_Central_Gulf_Coast" title="Episcopal Diocese of the Central Gulf Coast">Central Gulf Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_East_Carolina" title="Episcopal Diocese of East Carolina">East Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_East_Tennessee" title="Episcopal Diocese of East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Florida" title="Episcopal Diocese of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Georgia" title="Episcopal Diocese of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Kentucky" title="Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Lexington" title="Episcopal Diocese of Lexington">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Louisiana" title="Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Mississippi" title="Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_North_Carolina" title="Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_South_Carolina" title="Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Southeast_Florida" title="Episcopal Diocese of Southeast Florida">Southeast Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Southwest_Florida" title="Episcopal Diocese of Southwest Florida">Southwest Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Tennessee" title="Episcopal Diocese of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Upper_South_Carolina" title="Episcopal Diocese of Upper South Carolina">Upper South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_West_Tennessee" title="Episcopal Diocese of West Tennessee">West Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_North_Carolina" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western North Carolina">Western North Carolina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_5_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 5 of the Episcopal Church">Province V</a> (Midwest)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Chicago" title="Episcopal Diocese of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="Episcopal Diocese of the Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Indianapolis" title="Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Michigan" title="Episcopal Diocese of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Missouri" title="Episcopal Diocese of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Northern_Indiana" title="Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana">Northern Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Northern_Michigan" title="Episcopal Diocese of Northern Michigan">Northern Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Ohio" title="Episcopal Diocese of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Southern_Ohio" title="Episcopal Diocese of Southern Ohio">Southern Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Springfield" title="Episcopal Diocese of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Wisconsin" title="Episcopal Diocese of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_6_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 6 of the Episcopal Church">Province VI</a> (Northwest)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Episcopal_Church_in_Colorado" title="The Episcopal Church in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Iowa" title="Episcopal Diocese of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Minnesota" title="Episcopal Church in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Montana" title="Episcopal Diocese of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Nebraska" title="Episcopal Diocese of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_North_Dakota" title="Episcopal Diocese of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_South_Dakota" title="Episcopal Diocese of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Wyoming" title="Episcopal Diocese of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_7_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 7 of the Episcopal Church">Province VII</a> (Southwest)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Arkansas" title="Episcopal Diocese of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Dallas" title="Episcopal Diocese of Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Kansas" title="Episcopal Diocese of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Northwest_Texas" title="Episcopal Diocese of Northwest Texas">Northwest Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Oklahoma" title="Episcopal Diocese of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_the_Rio_Grande" title="Episcopal Diocese of the Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Texas" title="Episcopal Diocese of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_West_Missouri" title="Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri">West Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_West_Texas" title="Episcopal Diocese of West Texas">West Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_Kansas" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western Kansas">Western Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_Louisiana" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western Louisiana">Western Louisiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_8_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 8 of the Episcopal Church">Province VIII</a> (Pacific)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Alaska" title="Episcopal Diocese of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Arizona" title="Episcopal Diocese of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_California" title="Episcopal Diocese of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Eastern_Oregon" title="Episcopal Diocese of Eastern Oregon">Eastern Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_El_Camino_Real" title="Episcopal Diocese of El Camino Real">El Camino Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Hawaii" title="Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Idaho" title="Episcopal Diocese of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Los_Angeles" title="Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Diocese_of_Navajoland" title="Missionary Diocese of Navajoland">Navajoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Nevada" title="Episcopal Diocese of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Northern_California" title="Episcopal Diocese of Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Olympia" title="Episcopal Diocese of Olympia">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Oregon" title="Episcopal Diocese of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_San_Diego" title="Episcopal Diocese of San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_San_Joaquin" title="Episcopal Diocese of San Joaquin">San Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Spokane" title="Episcopal Diocese of Spokane">Spokane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Taiwan" title="Episcopal Diocese of Taiwan"> Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Utah" title="Episcopal Diocese of Utah"> Utah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_9_of_the_Episcopal_Church" title="Province 9 of the Episcopal Church">Province IX</a> (Lat. Am., Carib.)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Colombia" title="Episcopal Diocese of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Episcopal Diocese of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Central_Ecuador" title="Episcopal Diocese of Central Ecuador">Central Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Litoral_Ecuador" title="Episcopal Diocese of Litoral Ecuador">Litoral Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Honduras" title="Episcopal Diocese of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Venezuela" title="Episcopal Diocese of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other dioceses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_the_Armed_Services_and_Federal_Ministries" title="Episcopal Diocese of the Armed Services and Federal Ministries">Armed Services and Federal Ministries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former jurisdictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Central_America" title="Anglican Church in Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Duluth" title="Episcopal Diocese of Duluth">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Eastern_Diocese" title="Episcopal Eastern Diocese">Eastern Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Eastern_Michigan" title="Episcopal Diocese of Eastern Michigan">Eastern Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Eau_Claire" title="Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire">Eau Claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Fond_du_Lac" title="Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac">Fond du Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Mexico" title="Anglican Church of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Micronesia" title="Episcopal Church in Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_North_Texas" title="Episcopal Church in North Texas">North Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Episcopal Church in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Quincy" title="Episcopal Diocese of Quincy">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_South_Florida" title="Episcopal Diocese of South Florida">South Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_Colorado" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western Colorado">Western Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_Michigan" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western Michigan">Western Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_District_of_Western_Nebraska" title="Missionary District of Western Nebraska">Western Nebraska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglican_Communion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglican_Communion_footer" title="Template:Anglican Communion footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglican_Communion_footer" title="Template talk:Anglican Communion footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglican_Communion_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglican Communion footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglican_Communion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_Primates%27_Meetings" title="Anglican Communion Primates' Meetings">Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Conference" title="Lambeth Conference">Lambeth Conferences</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Lambeth_Conference" title="Fifteenth Lambeth Conference">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Consultative_Council" title="Anglican Consultative Council">Anglican Consultative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion">Homosexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Report" title="Windsor Report">Windsor Report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion">Ordination of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_and_ecumenism" title="Anglican Communion and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Communion_dioceses" title="List of Anglican Communion dioceses">Dioceses</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglican_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Anglican_rose.svg/80px-Anglican_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Anglican_rose.svg/120px-Anglican_rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Anglican_rose.svg/160px-Anglican_rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal/Anglican_Province_of_Alexandria" title="Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Anglican_Church_of_Burundi" title="Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_Central_Africa" title="Church of the Province of Central Africa">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Anglican_Church_of_the_Congo" title="Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Kenya" title="Anglican Church of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Mozambique_and_Angola" title="Anglican Church of Mozambique and Angola">Mozambique and Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nigeria" title="Church of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Rwanda" title="Anglican Church of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Episcopal_Church_of_South_Sudan" title="Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Episcopal_Church_of_Sudan" title="Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Tanzania" title="Anglican Church of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Uganda" title="Church of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_West_Africa" title="Church of the Province of West Africa">West Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-American provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Episcopal_Church_of_Brazil" title="Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Central_America" title="Anglican Church in Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Chile" title="Anglican Church of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Mexico" title="Anglican Church of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_South_America" title="Anglican Church of South America">South America</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_the_Province_of_the_West_Indies" title="Church in the Province of the West Indies">West Indies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asian provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Bangladesh" title="Church of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sheng_Kung_Hui" title="Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui">Hong Kong and Macao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Japan" title="Anglican Church in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Jerusalem_and_the_Middle_East" title="Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East">Jerusalem and the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Korea" title="Anglican Church of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_Myanmar" title="Church of the Province of Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">North India</a> (United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Pakistan" title="Church of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Episcopal Church in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_South_East_Asia" title="Church of the Province of South East Asia">South East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">South India</a> (United)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">England</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_in_Europe" title="Diocese in Europe">Diocese in Europe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceanian provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Aotearoa,_New_Zealand_and_Polynesia" title="Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia">Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Melanesia" title="Anglican Church of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extra-provincial_Anglican_churches" title="Extra-provincial Anglican churches">Extra-provincial churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Bermuda" title="Anglican Church of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ceylon" title="Church of Ceylon">Ceylon (Sri Lanka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Parish of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_Catholic_Apostolic_Evangelical_Church" title="Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches in <a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">full communion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht_(Old_Catholic)" title="Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)">Union of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvoo_Communion" title="Porvoo Communion">Porvoo Communion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglican_denominations_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglican_denominations_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Anglican denominations in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Province#Anglican_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical Province">Official<br />Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Episcopal Church</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Realignment<br />movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nigeria_North_American_Mission" title="Church of Nigeria North American Mission">Church of Nigeria North American Mission</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-note_n2_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n2-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing<br />Anglican<br />movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Missionary_Church" title="Episcopal Missionary Church">Episcopal Missionary Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Anglican_Church" title="Reformed Anglican Church">Reformed Anglican Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Episcopal_Church" title="Southern Episcopal Church">Southern Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Episcopal_Church_of_North_America" title="United Episcopal Church of North America">United Episcopal Church of North America</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Episcopal_Church" title="Anglican Episcopal Church">Anglican Episcopal Church</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-<br />Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Catholic_Church" title="Anglican Catholic Church">Anglican Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Diocese of the Holy Cross">Diocese of the Holy Cross</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Province_of_America" title="Anglican Province of America">Anglican Province of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Province_of_Christ_the_King" title="Anglican Province of Christ the King">Anglican Province of Christ the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Episcopal_Church" title="Christian Episcopal Church">Christian Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Catholic_Church_(Anglican_Rite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Catholic Church (Anglican Rite)">Holy Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Anglican_Church" title="United Anglican Church">United Anglican Church</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="TraditionalAnglicanChurch" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Anglican_Church" title="Traditional Anglican Church">Traditional<br />Anglican<br />Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_America" title="Anglican Church in America">Anglican Church in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Realignment<br />movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_241-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-note_n2_242-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n2-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="Reformed Episcopal Church">Reformed Episcopal Church</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Mission_in_the_Americas" title="Anglican Mission in the Americas">Anglican Mission in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Evangelical_Episcopal_Communion" title="Continuing Evangelical Episcopal Communion">Continuing Evangelical Episcopal Communion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Anglican_Church_In_America" title="Evangelical Anglican Church In America">Evangelical Anglican Church In America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n1-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_241-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_241-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Global_South_Fellowship_of_Anglican_Churches" title="Global South Fellowship of Anglican Churches">Global South Fellowship of Anglican Churches</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n2-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n2_242-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n2_242-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Fellowship_of_Confessing_Anglicans" title="Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans">GAFCON</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Council_of_Churches_(NCC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Council_of_Churches_members" title="Template:National Council of Churches members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Council_of_Churches_members" title="Template talk:National Council of Churches members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Council_of_Churches_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Council of Churches members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Council_of_Churches_(NCC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">National Council of Churches</a> (NCC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline Protestant</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> · <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">Evangelicalism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peace_churches" title="Peace churches">Peace churches</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member<br />churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Protestant" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protestant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baptist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Baptists" title="Alliance of Baptists">Alliance of Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Missionary_Baptist_Convention_of_America" title="National Missionary Baptist Convention of America">National Missionary Baptist Convention of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptist Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lutheran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Moravian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_in_North_America" title="Moravian Church in North America">Moravian Church in North America</a> (Northern and Southern Provinces)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Religious Society of Friends</a> (Friends United Meeting and Philadelphia Yearly Meeting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methodist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church">African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Christian Methodist Episcopal Church">Christian Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reformed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Hungarian Reformed Church in America">Hungarian Reformed Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Presbyterian_Church_Abroad" title="Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad">Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Thoma Church">Mar Thoma Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren" title="Church of the Brethren">Church of the Brethren</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Episcopal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orthodox</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_America" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Patriarchal_Parishes_in_the_USA" title="Russian Orthodox Patriarchal Parishes in the USA">Russian Orthodox Patriarchal Parishes in the USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church_in_North_and_South_America" title="Serbian Orthodox Church in North and South America">Serbian Orthodox Church in North and South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_USA" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA">Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oriental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_See_of_Holy_Etchmiadzin" title="Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin">Armenian Church of America</a> (Eastern and Western Dioceses)</li> <li>Coptic Orthodox Archdiocese of North America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> (American Diocese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Orthodox_Church_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch">Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch</a> (Archdiocese of the Eastern United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catholic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Catholic_Communion" title="Ecumenical Catholic Communion">Ecumenical Catholic Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Catholic_Church" title="Polish National Catholic Church">Polish National Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Community_Churches" title="International Council of Community Churches">International Council of Community Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ" title="Community of Christ">Community of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedenborgian_Church_of_North_America" title="Swedenborgian Church of North America">Swedenborgian Church of North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_of_Churches" title="Federal Council of Churches">Federal Council of Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing <br />and research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Standard_Version" title="Revised Standard Version">Revised Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yearbook_of_American_and_Canadian_Churches" title="Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches">Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Council_of_Churches_members" title="List of National Council of Churches members">List of members</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Council_of_Churches_(WCC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Council_of_Churches" title="Template:World Council of Churches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Council_of_Churches" title="Template talk:World Council of Churches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Council_of_Churches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Council of Churches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Council_of_Churches_(WCC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a> (WCC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="African-initiated" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African-initiated_church" title="African-initiated church">African-initiated</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Africa_Brotherhood_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Africa Brotherhood Church (page does not exist)">Africa Brotherhood Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Christian_Church_%26_Schools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Christian Church & Schools (page does not exist)">African Christian Church & Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Church_of_the_Holy_Spirit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Church of the Holy Spirit (page does not exist)">African Church of the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Israel_Church_Nineveh" title="African Israel Church Nineveh">African Israel Church Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Christ_-_Harris_Mission_(Harrist_Church)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of Christ - Harris Mission (Harrist Church) (page does not exist)">Church of Christ - Harris Mission (Harrist Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Christ_Light_of_the_Holy_Spirit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of Christ Light of the Holy Spirit (page does not exist)">Church of Christ Light of the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_African_Instituted_Churches_of_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of African Instituted Churches of Southern Africa (page does not exist)">Council of African Instituted Churches of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_African_Church" title="The African Church">The African Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Lord_(Aladura)" title="Church of the Lord (Aladura)">Church of the Lord (Aladura)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_First_African_Church_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The First African Church Mission (page does not exist)">The First African Church Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Anglicanism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church of Burundi">Anglican Church of Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Kenya" title="Anglican Church of Kenya">Anglican Church of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Rwanda" title="Anglican Church of Rwanda">Anglican Church of Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Anglican Church of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Tanzania" title="Anglican Church of Tanzania">Anglican Church of Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Christ_in_Congo_-_Anglican_Community_of_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of Christ in Congo - Anglican Community of Congo (page does not exist)">Church of Christ in Congo - Anglican Community of Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nigeria" title="Church of Nigeria">Church of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_Central_Africa" title="Church of the Province of Central Africa">Church of the Province of Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_West_Africa" title="Church of the Province of West Africa">Church of the Province of West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Uganda" title="Church of Uganda">Church of Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal/Anglican_Province_of_Alexandria" title="Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria">Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Episcopal_Church_of_South_Sudan" title="Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan">Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Episcopal_Church_of_Sudan" title="Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan">Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Japan" title="Anglican Church in Japan">Anglican Church in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Korea" title="Anglican Church of Korea">Anglican Church of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ceylon" title="Church of Ceylon">Church of Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_Myanmar" title="Church of the Province of Myanmar">Church of the Province of Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean">Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Jerusalem_and_the_Middle_East" title="Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East">Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Episcopal Church in the Philippines">Episcopal Church in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_Catholic_Apostolic_Evangelical_Church" title="Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church">Lusitanian Church of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church">Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church of Canada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Episcopal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_South_America" title="Anglican Church of South America">Anglican Church of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Episcopal_Church_of_Brazil" title="Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil">Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Aotearoa,_New_Zealand_and_Polynesia" title="Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia">Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Anglican Church of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Melanesia" title="Anglican Church of Melanesia">Anglican Church of Melanesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Assyrian_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Assyrian Church</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Apostolic_Catholic_Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East">Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Baptists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Baptist_Churches_in_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Baptist Churches in Rwanda (page does not exist)">Association of Baptist Churches in Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Community_of_Congo" title="Baptist Community of Congo">Baptist Community of Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_of_Baptist_Churches_in_Central_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Community of Baptist Churches in Central Africa (page does not exist)">Community of Baptist Churches in Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Evangelical_Church_in_Angola" title="Baptist Evangelical Church in Angola">Baptist Evangelical Church in Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Baptist_Community_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Episcopal Baptist Community in Africa (page does not exist)">Episcopal Baptist Community in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Baptist_Church_of_Cameroon" title="Native Baptist Church of Cameroon">Native Baptist Church of Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Baptist_Convention" title="Nigerian Baptist Convention">Nigerian Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Baptist_Churches_of_Cameroon" title="Union of Baptist Churches of Cameroon">Union of Baptist Churches of Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Baptist_Church_Sangha" title="Bangladesh Baptist Church Sangha">Bangladesh Baptist Church Sangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Orissa_Bihar_Baptist_Convention" title="Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention">Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Philippine_Baptist_Churches" title="Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches">Convention of Philippine Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Baptist_Churches_in_Northeast_India" title="Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India">Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Baptist_Convention" title="Myanmar Baptist Convention">Myanmar Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavesam_of_Telugu_Baptist_Churches" title="Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches">Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Denmark" title="Baptist Union of Denmark">Baptist Union of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists_Together" title="Baptists Together">Baptist Union of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Church_of_Hungary" title="Baptist Church of Hungary">Baptist Union of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Evangelical_Christian_Union_of_Italy" title="Baptist Evangelical Christian Union of Italy">Baptist Evangelical Christian Union of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention_of_America_International,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.">National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptist Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Baptist_Union" title="Jamaica Baptist Union">Jamaica Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Convention_of_Haiti" title="Baptist Convention of Haiti">Baptist Convention of Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baptist_Association_of_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baptist Association of El Salvador (page does not exist)">Baptist Association of El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Convention_of_Nicaragua" title="Baptist Convention of Nicaragua">Baptist Convention of Nicaragua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Churches_of_New_Zealand" title="Baptist Churches of New Zealand">Baptist Union of New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Disciples_of_Christ_&amp;_Christian_Churches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciples of Christ">Disciples of Christ & Christian Churches</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Disciples_of_Christ" title="Community of Disciples of Christ">Church of Christ in Congo - Community of Disciples of Christ in Congo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)_in_Canada" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Canada">Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Church_of_the_Disciples_of_Christ_in_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Church of the Disciples of Christ in Argentina (page does not exist)">Evangelical Church of the Disciples of Christ in Argentina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Churches_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Churches New Zealand (page does not exist)">Christian Churches New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ_in_Australia" title="Churches of Christ in Australia">Churches of Christ in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Eastern_Orthodoxy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria_and_All_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Orthodox Church in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe & Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate">Ecumenical Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch_and_All_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Autocephalous_Church_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania">Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Orthodox Church of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Evangelical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Inland_Church_Sudan" title="Africa Inland Church Sudan">African Inland Church of South Sudan and Sudan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Evangelical_Church" title="Lao Evangelical Church">Lao Evangelical Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Lutheranism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Evangelical_Church_Mekane_Yesus" title="Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus">Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Congo" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Congo">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Ghana" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ghana">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Namibia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_the_Republic_of_Namibia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia">Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Southern_Africa" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Tanzania" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Zimbabwe" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Kenya Evangelical Lutheran Church">Kenya Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutheran_Church_in_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutheran Church in Liberia (page does not exist)">Lutheran Church in Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Lutheran_Church" title="Malagasy Lutheran Church">Malagasy Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Christian_Community_Church" title="Batak Christian Community Church">Batak Christian Community Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Protestant_Angkola_Church" title="Christian Protestant Angkola Church">Christian Protestant Angkola Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Protestant_Church_in_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Protestant Church in Indonesia (page does not exist)">Christian Protestant Church in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Jordan_and_the_Holy_Land" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indonesian_Christian_Church" title="The Indonesian Christian Church">The Indonesian Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Christian_Church_of_Nias" title="Protestant Christian Church of Nias">Protestant Christian Church of Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Christian_Batak_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Christian Batak Church">Protestant Christian Batak Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Sabah" title="Protestant Church in Sabah">Protestant Church in Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simalungun_Protestant_Christian_Church" title="Simalungun Protestant Christian Church">Simalungun Protestant Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_India" title="United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India">United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Poland" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Romania" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Slovakia" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Finland" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Iceland" title="Church of Iceland">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Latvia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Romania" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Romania">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_Abroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church Abroad">Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Bavaria" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Brunswick" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Central_Germany" title="Evangelical Church in Central Germany">Central Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_of_Hanover" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Northern_Germany" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Oldenburg" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_of_Saxony" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Schaumburg-Lippe" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schaumburg-Lippe">Schaumburg-Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church in Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession">Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Serbia" title="Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia">Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Canada" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Lutheran_Confession_in_Brazil" title="Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil">Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Chile" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chile">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvadorean_Lutheran_Synod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvadorean Lutheran Synod (page does not exist)">Salvadorean Lutheran Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iglesia_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Unida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iglesia Evangélica Luterana Unida (page does not exist)">United Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Mar_Thoma_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mar Thoma Church</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church_of_Malabar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar">Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Methodism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_Ghana" title="Methodist Church Ghana">Methodist Church Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methodist_Church_in_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methodist Church in Kenya (page does not exist)">Methodist Church in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methodist_Church_in_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methodist Church in Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Methodist Church in Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Church Nigeria">Methodist Church Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Methodist_Church_of_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Methodist Church of Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">United Methodist Church of Ivory Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Methodist_Church_in_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands">Evangelical Methodist Church in the Philippine Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Methodist_Church" title="Korean Methodist Church">Korean Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_India" title="Methodist Church in India">Methodist Church in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Indonesia" title="Methodist Church in Indonesia">Methodist Church in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Malaysia" title="Methodist Church in Malaysia">Methodist Church in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Singapore" title="Methodist Church in Singapore">Methodist Church in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Methodist Church in Sri Lanka">Methodist Church in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church,_Upper_Myanmar" title="Methodist Church, Upper Myanmar">Methodist Church, Upper Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Methodist_Church_in_Benin" title="Protestant Methodist Church in Benin">Protestant Methodist Church in Benin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Evangelical_Church_in_Italy" title="Methodist Evangelical Church in Italy">Methodist Evangelical Church in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Church">Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Ireland" title="Methodist Church in Ireland">Methodist Church in Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church">African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Christian Methodist Episcopal Church">Christian Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Methodist_Church_in_Argentina" title="Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina">Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Methodist_Church_in_Bolivia" title="Evangelical Methodist Church in Bolivia">Evangelical Methodist Church in Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Brazil" title="Methodist Church in Brazil">Methodist Church in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_the_Caribbean_and_the_Americas" title="Methodist Church in the Caribbean and the Americas">Methodist Church in the Caribbean and the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Chile" title="Methodist Church in Chile">Methodist Church in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methodist_Church_in_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methodist Church in Mexico (page does not exist)">Methodist Church in Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Wesleyan_Church_of_Tonga" title="Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga">Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Fiji_and_Rotuma" title="Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma">Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Moravian_and_Historic_Peace_Churches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peace_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Churches">Historic Peace</a> Churches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren_in_Nigeria" title="Church of the Brethren in Nigeria">Church of the Brethren in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravian_Church_in_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravian Church in South Africa (page does not exist)">Moravian Church in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravian_Church_in_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravian Church in Tanzania (page does not exist)">Moravian Church in Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_the_Netherlands" title="Mennonites in the Netherlands">Mennonite Church in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravian_Church_in_Western_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravian Church in Western Europe (page does not exist)">Moravian Church in Western Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Yearly_Meeting" title="Canadian Yearly Meeting">Canadian Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren" title="Church of the Brethren">Church of the Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Church in America">Moravian Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Catholic_Church" title="Polish National Catholic Church">Polish National Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_General_Conference" title="Friends General Conference">Religious Society of Friends: Friends General Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_United_Meeting" title="Friends United Meeting">Religious Society of Friends: Friends United Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravian_Church,_Eastern_West_Indies_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravian Church, Eastern West Indies Province (page does not exist)">Moravian Church, Eastern West Indies Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Moravian Church in Jamaica">Moravian Church in Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravian_Church_in_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravian Church in Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Moravian Church in Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moravian_Church_in_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moravian Church in Suriname (page does not exist)">Moravian Church in Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Old-Catholic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old-Catholic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Diocese_of_the_Old_Catholics_in_Germany" title="Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany">Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church_of_Austria" title="Old Catholic Church of Austria">Old Catholic Church of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church_of_the_Netherlands" title="Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands">Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Catholic_Mariavite_Church_in_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Catholic Mariavite Church in Poland (page does not exist)">Old Catholic Mariavite Church in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Catholic_Church_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Catholic Church in Poland">Polish Catholic Church in Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Pentecostal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Pentecostal_Mission_of_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Pentecostal Mission of Angola (page does not exist)">Evangelical Pentecostal Mission of Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Faith_Mission_of_South_Africa" title="Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa">Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Evangelical_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Evangelical Church (page does not exist)">International Evangelical Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_The_Church_of_God&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association The Church of God (page does not exist)">Association The Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Biblical_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Biblical Church (page does not exist)">Christian Biblical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Pentecostal_Missions_Church_of_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Pentecostal Missions Church of Chile (page does not exist)">Free Pentecostal Missions Church of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentecostal_Church_of_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentecostal Church of Chile (page does not exist)">Pentecostal Church of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentecostal_Mission_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentecostal Mission Church (page does not exist)">Pentecostal Mission Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Oriental_Orthodoxy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Church">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe & Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Armenian Apostolic Church (Holy See of Cilicia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_See_of_Holy_Etchmiadzin" title="Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin">Armenian Apostolic Church (Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="Reformed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed churches">Reformed</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Protestant_Church" title="African Protestant Church">African Protestant Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Reformed_Evangelical_Church_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Reformed Evangelical Church of Burkina Faso">Association of Reformed Evangelical Church of Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Central_Africa_Presbyterian_%E2%80%93_Blantyre_Synod" title="Church of Central Africa Presbyterian – Blantyre Synod">Church of Central Africa Presbyterian – Blantyre Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Community_in_Congo" title="Evangelical Community in Congo">Evangelical Community in Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Community_in_Congo" title="Presbyterian Community in Congo">Presbyterian Community in Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Community_in_Kinshasa" title="Presbyterian Community in Kinshasa">Presbyterian Community in Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_in_Madagascar" title="Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar">Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Cameroon" title="Evangelical Church of Cameroon">Evangelical Church of Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Congo" title="Evangelical Church of Congo">Evangelical Church of Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Gabon" title="Evangelical Church of Gabon">Evangelical Church of Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Congregational_Church_in_Angola" title="Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola">Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church,_Ghana" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana">Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_in_South_Africa" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa">Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Egypt_(Synod_of_the_Nile)" title="Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)">Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_of_Togo" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Togo">Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of Angola">Evangelical Reformed Church of Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho_Evangelical_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesotho Evangelical Church">Lesotho Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Cameroon" title="Presbyterian Church in Cameroon">Presbyterian Church in Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Rwanda" title="Presbyterian Church in Rwanda">Presbyterian Church in Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Africa" title="Presbyterian Church of Africa">Presbyterian Church of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Cameroon" title="Presbyterian Church of Cameroon">Presbyterian Church of Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_East_Africa" title="Presbyterian Church of East Africa">Presbyterian Church of East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Ghana" title="Presbyterian Church of Ghana">Presbyterian Church of Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Liberia" title="Presbyterian Church in Liberia">Presbyterian Church in Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church of Mozambique">Presbyterian Church of Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Nigeria" title="Presbyterian Church of Nigeria">Presbyterian Church of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Sudan" title="Presbyterian Church in Sudan">Presbyterian Church of South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Algeria" title="Protestant Church of Algeria">Protestant Church of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Zambia" title="Reformed Church in Zambia">Reformed Church in Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Zimbabwe" title="Reformed Church in Zimbabwe">Reformed Church in Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_of_Christ_in_Nigeria" title="Reformed Church of Christ in Nigeria">Reformed Church of Christ for Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Equatorial Guinea">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Equatorial Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sulawesi_Christian_Church" title="Central Sulawesi Christian Church">Central Sulawesi Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_of_Sumba" title="Christian Church of Sumba">Christian Church of Sumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Evangelical_Church_in_Minahasa" title="Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa">Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Evangelical_Church_in_Sangihe-Talaud" title="Christian Evangelical Church in Sangihe-Talaud">Christian Evangelical Church in Sangihe-Talaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_in_Thailand" title="Church of Christ in Thailand">Church of Christ in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Pakistan" title="Church of Pakistan">Church of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Java_Christian_Church" title="East Java Christian Church">East Java Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christian_Church_in_Halmahera" title="Evangelical Christian Church in Halmahera">Evangelical Christian Church in Halmahera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_of_Iran" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Iran">Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Kalimantan" title="Evangelical Church in Kalimantan">Evangelical Church in Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Council_of_the_Church_of_Christ_in_China" title="Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China">Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Christian_Church_Synod" title="Indonesian Christian Church Synod">Indonesian Christian Church Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_Christian_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese Christian Churches">Javanese Christian Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karo_Batak_Protestant_Church" title="Karo Batak Protestant Church">Karo Batak Protestant Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Christian_Church_in_Japan" title="Korean Christian Church in Japan">Korean Christian Church in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Evangelical_Church" title="Mara Evangelical Church">Mara Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Evangelical_Synod_of_Syria_and_Lebanon" title="National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon">National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasundan_Christian_Church" title="Pasundan Christian Church">Pasundan Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Taiwan" title="Presbyterian Church in Taiwan">Presbyterian Church in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea">Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Korea" title="Presbyterian Church of Korea">Presbyterian Church of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Pakistan" title="Presbyterian Church of Pakistan">Presbyterian Church of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Christian_Church_in_Bali" title="Protestant Christian Church in Bali">Protestant Christian Church in Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Indonesia" title="Protestant Church in Indonesia">Protestant Church in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Southeast_Sulawesi" title="Protestant Church in Southeast Sulawesi">Protestant Church in Southeast Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_the_Moluccas" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in the Moluccas">Protestant Church in the Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Western_Indonesia" title="Protestant Church in Western Indonesia">Protestant Church in Western Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_East_Timor" title="Protestant Church in East Timor">Protestant Church in East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Evangelical_Church_in_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Evangelical Church in Timor">Protestant Evangelical Church in Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja_Church" title="Toraja Church">Toraja Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Hussite_Church" title="Czechoslovak Hussite Church">Czechoslovak Hussite Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Czech_Brethren" title="Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren">Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_and_Helvetic_Confessions_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg and Helvetic Confessions in Austria (page does not exist)">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg and Helvetic Confessions in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Portugal">Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Evangelical_Church" title="Greek Evangelical Church">Greek Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Presbyterian Church of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Lippe" title="Church of Lippe">Church of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany">Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Protestant Church in the Netherlands">Protestant Church in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Protestant Church of Switzerland">Protestant Church of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Serbia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Serbia">Reformed Christian Church in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Slovakia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia">Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary" title="Reformed Church in Hungary">Reformed Church in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Romania" title="Reformed Church in Romania">Reformed Church in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remonstrant_Brotherhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Remonstrant Brotherhood">Remonstrant Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Evangelical_Church" title="Spanish Evangelical Church">Spanish Evangelical Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Hungarian Reformed Church in America">Hungarian Reformed Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Canada" title="Presbyterian Church in Canada">Presbyterian Church in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_River_Plate" title="Evangelical Church of the River Plate">Evangelical Church of the River Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil" title="Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil">Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church of Colombia">Presbyterian Church of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Presbyterian Church of Trinidad and Tobago">Presbyterian Church of Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian-Reformed_Church_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian-Reformed Church in Cuba">Presbyterian-Reformed Church in Cuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Church_in_American_Samoa" title="Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa">Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Church_in_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational Christian Church in Samoa">Congregational Christian Church in Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Church_of_Niue" title="Congregational Christian Church of Niue">Congregational Christian Church of Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Church_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu">Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_New_Caledonia_and_the_Loyalty_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church in New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands">Evangelical Church in New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati_Uniting_Church" title="Kiribati Uniting Church">Kiribati Uniting Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi_Protestant_Church" title="Maohi Protestant Church">Maohi Protestant Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand">Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Vanuatu" title="Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu">Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background#"><div id="United_christianity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United christianity</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ_in_Zimbabwe" title="United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe">United Church of Christ in Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="United Church of Zambia">United Church of Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Congregational_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="United Congregational Church of Southern Africa">United Congregational Church of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_Presbyterian_Church_in_Southern_Africa" title="Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa">Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_Reformed_Church_in_Southern_Africa" title="Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa">Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Christian_Council" title="China Christian Council">China Christian Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Bangladesh" title="Church of Bangladesh">Church of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Armenian_Evangelical_Churches_in_the_Near_East" title="Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East">Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ_in_Japan" title="United Church of Christ in Japan">United Church of Christ in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ_in_the_Philippines" title="United Church of Christ in the Philippines">United Church of Christ in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Bremen" title="Evangelical Church of Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Berlin,_Brandenburg_and_Silesian_Upper_Lusatia" title="Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia">Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Oberlausitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_the_Rhineland" title="Evangelical Church in the Rhineland">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Anhalt">Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse_Electorate-Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck">Kurhessen-Waldeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Palatinate" title="Evangelical Church of the Palatinate">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Westphalia" title="Evangelical Church of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Baden" title="Protestant Church in Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Hesse_and_Nassau" title="Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau">Hesse and Nassau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Welsh_Independents" title="Union of Welsh Independents">Union of Welsh Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_in_Belgium" title="United Protestant Church in Belgium">United Protestant Church in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">United Protestant Church of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church_in_Sweden" title="Uniting Church in Sweden">Uniting Church in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Methodist_and_Waldensian_Churches" title="Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches">Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Community_Churches" title="International Council of Community Churches">International Council of Community Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_in_Jamaica_and_the_Cayman_Islands" title="United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands">United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil" title="United Presbyterian Church of Brazil">United Presbyterian Church of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Protestant_Church_of_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Protestant Church of Curaçao (page does not exist)">United Protestant Church of Curaçao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_in_Papua_New_Guinea_and_Solomon_Islands" title="United Church in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands">United Church in Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_in_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="United Church in the Solomon Islands">United Church in the Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ_-_Congregational_in_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="United Church of Christ - Congregational in the Marshall Islands">United Church of Christ - Congregational in the Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church_in_Australia" title="Uniting Church in Australia">Uniting Church in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Africa</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/All_Africa_Conference_of_Churches" title="All Africa Conference of Churches">AACC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_African_Instituted_Churches" title="Organization of African Instituted Churches">OAIC</a></dd> <dt>Asia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_Conference_of_Asia" title="Christian Conference of Asia">CCA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_Australia" title="National Council of Churches in Australia">NCCA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_the_Philippines" title="National Council of Churches in the Philippines">NCCP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Council_of_Churches" title="Middle East Council of Churches">MECC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Conference_of_Churches" title="Pacific Conference of Churches">PCC</a></dd> <dt>Europe</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_European_Churches" title="Conference of European Churches">CEC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Christian_Churches_of_an_African_Approach_in_Europe" title="Council of Christian Churches of an African Approach in Europe">CCCAAE</a></dd> <dt>Latin America</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Conference_of_Churches" title="Caribbean Conference of Churches">CCC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Council_of_Churches" title="Latin American Council of Churches">LACC</a></dd> <dt>North America</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Council_of_Churches" title="Canadian Council of Churches">CCE</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">NCC</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglican_liturgy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglican_liturgy" title="Template:Anglican liturgy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglican_liturgy" title="Template talk:Anglican liturgy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglican_liturgy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglican liturgy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglican_liturgy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anglican liturgy</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Daily_Office_(Anglican)" title="Daily Office (Anglican)">Daily Office</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">Morning Prayer <small>(Mattins)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prayer_During_the_Day" title="Prayer During the Day">Prayer During the Day</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evensong" title="Evensong">Evening Prayer <small>(Vespers or Evensong)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Compline#Anglican_usage" title="Compline">Night Prayer <small>(Compline)</small></a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)#Anglicanism" title="Mass (liturgy)">Eucharist</a></b> <small>(also called Mass, Holy Communion, or the Lord's Supper)</small></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Occasional</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick#Anglican_churches" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the sick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_sacraments#Baptism" title="Anglican sacraments">Baptism</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minor_exorcism_in_Christianity" title="Minor exorcism in Christianity">Minor exorcism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_burial" title="Christian burial">Christian burial</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Requiem#Anglicanism" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">Commination</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Confirmation#Anglican_Communion" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Catechism#Anglican_catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Consecration#Protestant_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecration</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">Coronation of the British monarch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Churching_of_women#Anglican_Communion" title="Churching of women">Churching of women</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches#Anglican_forms" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication of a church</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Exhortation_and_Litany" title="Exhortation and Litany">Exhortation and Litany</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Christianity#Anglicanism" title="Exorcism in Christianity">Exorcism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> liturgies <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)#Lutheran,_Anglican_and_Methodist_practice" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Presanctified" title="Mass of the Presanctified">Mass of the Presanctified</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday Prayer">Good Friday Prayer</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Prayer_for_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday Prayer for the Jews">for the Jews</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Collects" title="Solemn Collects">Solemn Collects</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Improperia" title="Improperia">Reproaches</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seven_Last_Words_from_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Last Words from the Cross">Seven Last Words from the Cross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Three_Hours%27_Agony" title="Three Hours' Agony">Three Hours' Agony</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Exsultet" title="Exsultet">Exsultet</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_sacraments#Matrimony" title="Anglican sacraments">Marriage</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marriage_vows#Anglican" title="Marriage vows">Vows</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ordination#Roman_Catholic,_Orthodox,_and_Anglican_churches" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Common</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">O Antiphons</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)#Anglicanism" title="Confession (religion)">Confession</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_blessing" title="Episcopal blessing">Episcopal blessing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Intercessions" title="General Intercessions">General Intercessions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Patri" title="Gloria Patri">Glory Be</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Introit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnus Dei (liturgy)">Lamb of God</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_laying_on_of_hands" title="Christian laying on of hands">Laying on of hands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lection" title="Lection">Lesson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Epistle#Liturgical_use" title="Epistle">Epistle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oremus" title="Oremus">Let us pray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dominus_vobiscum" title="Dominus vobiscum">The Lord be with you</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">Embolism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Psalms#Anglican_usage" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Priestly_Blessing" title="Priestly Blessing">Priestly Blessing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Responsory" title="Responsory">Responsory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Preces" title="Preces">Versicle</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Divine Office</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canticle#Anglican" title="Canticle">Canticle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Invitatory" title="Invitatory">Invitatory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deus,_in_adiutorium_meum_intende" title="Deus, in adiutorium meum intende">O God, make speed to save us</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Phos_hilarion" class="mw-redirect" title="Phos hilarion">Phos hilarion</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Te_Deum" title="Te Deum">Te Deum</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/To_Thee_before_the_close_of_day" class="mw-redirect" title="To Thee before the close of day">To Thee before the close of day</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Eucharist</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis#Anglicanism_and_Lutheranism" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Acclamation" title="Memorial Acclamation">Memorial Acclamation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution#Anglican_Communion" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bidding-prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidding-prayer">Bidding-prayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Collect_for_Purity" title="Collect for Purity">Collect for Purity</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_Excelsis_Deo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria in Excelsis Deo">Glory to God in the highest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sentence_(liturgy)" title="Sentence (liturgy)">Sentence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">Oblation</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Humble_Access" title="Prayer of Humble Access">Prayer of Humble Access</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Lift up your hearts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Holy, Holy, Holy</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace#Anglicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Sign of peace</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tarping" title="Tarping">Tarping</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_chant" title="Anglican chant">Anglican chant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_anthem" title="Fraction anthem">Fraction anthem</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Four_Anglican_Hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Four Anglican Hymns">Great Four Anglican Hymns</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_church_composers" title="List of Anglican church composers">List of Anglican church composers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_English-language_hymnals_by_denomination#Anglican" title="List of English-language hymnals by denomination">List of Anglican hymnals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)#Masses_written_for_the_Anglican_liturgy" title="Mass (music)">Mass (music)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Service_(music)" title="Service (music)">Service (music)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_(music)" title="Voluntary (music)">Voluntary (music)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bishop#Catholic,_Eastern_Orthodox,_Oriental_Orthodox_and_Anglican_churches" title="Bishop">Bishop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lector" title="Lector">Lector</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Priest#Anglican_or_Episcopalian" title="Priest">Priest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#Anglicanism" title="Reader (liturgy)">Reader</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Verger" title="Verger">Verger</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%">Liturgical objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Altar#Anglican_churches" title="Altar">Altar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Communion_table" title="Communion table">communion table</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Altar_candle" title="Altar candle">candle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">cloths</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Altar_lamp" title="Altar lamp">lamp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">rail</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">Rood</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday#Christian_use_of_ashes" title="Ash Wednesday">Ashes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font" title="Baptismal font">Baptismal font</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Communion_cup" title="Communion cup">Communion cup</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chrism#Anglicanism_and_Lutheranism" title="Chrism">Chrism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Flagon" title="Flagon">Flagon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">Incense</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_use_of_lights#Anglican_usage" title="Ceremonial use of lights">Lights</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palm_branch#Christianity" title="Palm branch">Palm</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paten#Protestant_rites" title="Paten">Paten</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">wine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blessed_salt_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed salt in Christianity">Salt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle#Anglican_and_Episcopal_Churches" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veil#Christianity" title="Veil">Veil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring#Christian" title="Wedding ring">Wedding ring</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_book#Anglican" title="Liturgical book">Liturgical books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Alternative_Services" title="Book of Alternative Services">Book of Alternative Services</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Services" title="Sunday Services">Sunday Services</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/The_Books_of_Homilies" title="The Books of Homilies">The Books of Homilies</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Worship" title="Common Worship">Common Worship</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Directory_for_Public_Worship" title="Directory for Public Worship">Directory for Public Worship</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwardine_Ordinals" title="Edwardine Ordinals">Edwardine Ordinals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Revised_Common_Lectionary" title="Revised Common Lectionary">Revised Common Lectionary</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Western_Christian_vestments" title="Vestment">Vestments</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments#Western_Christianity" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_clothing" title="Baptismal clothing">Baptismal clothing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_cap" title="Canterbury cap">Canterbury cap</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">Cassock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cassock-alb" title="Cassock-alb">Cassock-alb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chimere" title="Chimere">Chimere</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Choir_dress" title="Choir dress">Choir dress</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cincture" title="Cincture">Cincture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">Cope</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geneva_gown" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva gown">Geneva gown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Girdle" title="Girdle">Girdle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral cross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rochet" title="Rochet">Rochet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">Zucchetto</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_calendars" title="List of Anglican Church calendars">calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">Advent Sunday</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">Gaudete Sunday</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Epiphanytide" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiphanytide">Epiphanytide</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Candlemas</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lent" title="Pre-Lent">Pre-Lent</a></b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Feast of the Annunciation</a></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Thursday" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinitytide</a></b> <small>(some churches use <i>Pentecost Season</i> instead of <i>Trinitytide</i>)</small> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kingdomtide" title="Kingdomtide">Kingdomtide</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stir-up_Sunday" title="Stir-up Sunday">Stir-up Sunday</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Feast of Christ the King</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Principal_Feast" title="Principal Feast">Principal Feast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Principal_Holy_Day_(Anglicanism)" title="Principal Holy Day (Anglicanism)">Principal Holy Day</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Festival_(Anglicanism)" title="Festival (Anglicanism)">Festival</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Festival_(Anglicanism)" title="Lesser Festival (Anglicanism)">Lesser Festival</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(Anglicanism)" title="Commemoration (Anglicanism)">Commemoration</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Altar_of_repose" title="Altar of repose">Altar of repose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angelus#Anglican_practice" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Breviary" title="Anglican Breviary">Anglican Breviary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Divine_Worship" title="Book of Divine Worship">Book of Divine Worship</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_The_Missal" title="Divine Worship: The Missal">Divine Worship: The Missal</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Worship:_Daily_Office" title="Divine Worship: Daily Office">Divine Worship: Daily Office</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Missal" title="Anglican Missal">Anglican Missal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Western_Rite_Vicariate" title="Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate">Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Biretta" title="Biretta">Biretta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Adoration</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">Benediction</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/English_Missal" title="English Missal">English Missal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">Hymns to Mary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Tikhon" title="Liturgy of Saint Tikhon">Liturgy of Saint Tikhon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maniple_(vestment)" title="Maniple (vestment)">Maniple</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Monstrance" title="Monstrance">Monstrance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Roman Canon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thurible#Anglicanism" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Anglican/Episcopalian_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_populum" title="Versus populum">Versus populum</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fasting#Anglicanism" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">Headcover</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">Intinction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Open_communion" title="Open communion">Open communion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament#Anglican_Communion" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Communion">Spiritual Communion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion#Anglican" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican eucharistic theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Black_Rubric" title="Black Rubric">Black Rubric</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">Ex opere operato</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Means_of_grace" title="Means of grace">means of grace</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_mystery" title="Paschal mystery">Paschal mystery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Anglican" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Receptionism" title="Receptionism">Receptionism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_devotions" title="Anglican devotions">Anglican devotions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anglican_sacraments" title="Anglican sacraments">Anglican sacraments</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">Bible translations into English</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Choral_Evensong_(BBC)" title="Choral Evensong (BBC)">Choral Evensong (BBC)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Churchmanship" title="Churchmanship">Churchmanship</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Convergence_Movement" title="Convergence Movement">Convergence Movement</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement" title="Elizabethan Religious Settlement">Elizabethan Religious Settlement</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Book_Rebellion" title="Prayer Book Rebellion">Prayer Book Rebellion</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Merbecke" title="John Merbecke">John Merbecke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Latitudinarian" title="Latitudinarian">Latitudinarian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Movement" title="Liturgical Movement">Liturgical Movement</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Millenary_Petition" title="Millenary Petition">Millenary Petition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ornaments_Rubric" title="Ornaments Rubric">Ornaments Rubric</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parson%27s_Handbook" title="The Parson's Handbook">The Parson's Handbook</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Paschal greeting</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_the_dead" title="Prayer for the dead">Prayer for the dead</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reformed_worship" title="Reformed worship">Reformed worship</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ritualism_in_the_Church_of_England" title="Ritualism in the Church of England">Ritualism in the Church of England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rood_screen" title="Rood screen">Rood screen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarum_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarum Rite">Sarum Rite</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thou" title="Thou">Thou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vestments_controversy" title="Vestments controversy">Vestments controversy</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C8A2C8;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682443#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682443#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682443#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107889744">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122583900">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/533119/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122981-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79058456">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120718230">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120718230">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36158459">Australia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20241242758&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90841560">Norway</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/9954">Vatican</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007295323805171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA19862495?l=en">CiNii</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1221592">Trove</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Episcopal Church"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028999800">IdRef</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&oldid=1261552799">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Episcopal_Church_(United_States)&oldid=1261552799</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" 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