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Espanha — Wikipèdia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Geografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geografia_fisica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_fisica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Geografia fisica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia_fisica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lengas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lengas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lengas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lengas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Preïstòria e Antiquitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preïstòria_e_premiers_pòblaments_antics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preïstòria_e_premiers_pòblaments_antics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Preïstòria e premiers pòblaments antics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preïstòria_e_premiers_pòblaments_antics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periòdes_cartaginés_e_roman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periòdes_cartaginés_e_roman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Periòdes cartaginés e roman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periòdes_cartaginés_e_roman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_formacion_e_l&#039;expansion_de_l&#039;Espanha_de_l&#039;Edat_Mejana_e_de_la_Renaissença" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_formacion_e_l&#039;expansion_de_l&#039;Espanha_de_l&#039;Edat_Mejana_e_de_la_Renaissença"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>La formacion e l'expansion de l'Espanha de l'Edat Mejana e de la Renaissença</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_formacion_e_l&#039;expansion_de_l&#039;Espanha_de_l&#039;Edat_Mejana_e_de_la_Renaissença-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Periòde_visigòts_e_conquista_musulmana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periòde_visigòts_e_conquista_musulmana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Periòde visigòts e conquista musulmana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periòde_visigòts_e_conquista_musulmana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Reconquista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Reconquista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>La Reconquista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Reconquista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L&#039;afirmacion_dau_Reiaume_de_Castelha_e_lo_declin_catalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L&#039;afirmacion_dau_Reiaume_de_Castelha_e_lo_declin_catalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>L'afirmacion dau Reiaume de Castelha e lo declin catalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L&#039;afirmacion_dau_Reiaume_de_Castelha_e_lo_declin_catalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_Sègle_d&#039;Aur_Espanhòu_e_l&#039;apogèu_d&#039;Espanha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_Sègle_d&#039;Aur_Espanhòu_e_l&#039;apogèu_d&#039;Espanha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Lo Sègle d'Aur Espanhòu e l'apogèu d'Espanha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_Sègle_d&#039;Aur_Espanhòu_e_l&#039;apogèu_d&#039;Espanha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_declin_d&#039;Espanha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_declin_d&#039;Espanha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lo declin d'Espanha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_declin_d&#039;Espanha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lo_declin_dei_Habsborg_d&#039;Espanha_e_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d&#039;Espanha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_declin_dei_Habsborg_d&#039;Espanha_e_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d&#039;Espanha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Lo declin dei Habsborg d'Espanha e la Guèrra de Succession d'Espanha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_declin_dei_Habsborg_d&#039;Espanha_e_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d&#039;Espanha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_declin_dau_sègle_dei_Lutz_e_lei_dificultats_dau_periòde_revolucionari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_declin_dau_sègle_dei_Lutz_e_lei_dificultats_dau_periòde_revolucionari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Lo declin dau sègle dei Lutz e lei dificultats dau periòde revolucionari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_declin_dau_sègle_dei_Lutz_e_lei_dificultats_dau_periòde_revolucionari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L&#039;instabilitat_dau_sègle_XIX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L&#039;instabilitat_dau_sègle_XIX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>L'instabilitat dau sègle XIX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L&#039;instabilitat_dau_sègle_XIX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L&#039;Espanha_modèrna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L&#039;Espanha_modèrna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>L'Espanha modèrna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L&#039;Espanha_modèrna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Segonda_Republica_e_la_Guèrra_Civila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Segonda_Republica_e_la_Guèrra_Civila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>La Segonda Republica e la Guèrra Civila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Segonda_Republica_e_la_Guèrra_Civila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L&#039;Espanha_franquista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L&#039;Espanha_franquista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>L'Espanha franquista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L&#039;Espanha_franquista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_restauracion_de_la_democracia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_restauracion_de_la_democracia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>La restauracion de la democracia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_restauracion_de_la_democracia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizacions politica e territòriala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Organizacions politica e territòriala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizacion_generala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_generala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Organizacion generala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_generala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poder_executiu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poder_executiu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Poder executiu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poder_executiu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poder_legislatiu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poder_legislatiu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Poder legislatiu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poder_legislatiu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poder_judiciari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poder_judiciari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Poder judiciari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poder_judiciari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacion_territòriala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_territòriala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Organizacion territòriala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_territòriala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Questions_regionalistas_e_independentistas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Questions_regionalistas_e_independentistas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Questions regionalistas e independentistas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Questions_regionalistas_e_independentistas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Afaires estrangiers e defensa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Afaires estrangiers e defensa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afaires_estrangiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Afaires estrangiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fòrças_armadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fòrças_armadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fòrças armadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fòrças_armadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflictes_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflictes_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Conflictes intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflictes_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Economia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sector_primari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sector_primari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sector primari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sector_primari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sector_segondari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sector_segondari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sector segondari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sector_segondari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sector_terciari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sector_terciari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sector terciari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sector_terciari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arquitectura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arquitectura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Arquitectura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arquitectura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pintura_e_escultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pintura_e_escultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Pintura e escultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pintura_e_escultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinèma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinèma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Cinèma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinèma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nòtas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Espanha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 300 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-300" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">300 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Испаниа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Испаниа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seupanyo" title="Seupanyo - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Seupanyo" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Испание - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Испание" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%AB" title="እስፓንያ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እስፓንያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%93onland" title="Spēonland - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Spēonland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipen" title="Sipen - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Sipen" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إسبانيا - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܐܣܦܢܝܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܦܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سپانيا - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سپانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسبانيا - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="স্পেইন - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্পেইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Испан - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Испан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espana" title="Espana - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Espana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispa%C3%B1a" title="Ispaña - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ispaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniya" title="İspaniya - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İspaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایسپانیا - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپانیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispan%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Ispanėjė - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ispanėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іспанія - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іспанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гішпанія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гішпанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spen" title="Spen - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Spen" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="স্পেন - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཞི་པན་ཡ། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞི་པན་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="স্পেন - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="স্পেন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagn" title="Spagn - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Spagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Španija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83%CC%A4-b%C4%83ng-ng%C3%A0" title="Să̤-băng-ngà - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să̤-băng-ngà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎠᏂᏍᏆᏂᏱ - cheroqui" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏍᏆᏂᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroqui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئیسپانیا - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیسپانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniya" title="İspaniya - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İspaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsko" title="Španělsko - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Španělsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szpa%C5%84sk%C3%B4" title="Szpańskô - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Szpańskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їспанїꙗ - eslavon" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їспанїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbaen" title="Sbaen - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sbaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İspanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pa%C5%84ska" title="Špańska - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Špańska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol - dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އިސްޕެއިން - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިސްޕެއިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="སིཔཱེན་ - dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="སིཔཱེན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισπανία - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισπανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaggna" title="Spaggna - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Spaggna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanio" title="Hispanio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hispanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaania" title="Hispaania - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hispaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espainia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسپانیا - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaanya" title="Hispaanya - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Hispaanya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanja" title="Espanja - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Espanja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaania" title="Hispaania - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hispaania" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88spagne" title="Èspagne - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èspagne" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanien" title="Spaanien - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Spaanien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Spagne" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sp%C3%A1inn" title="An Spáinn - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Spáinn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniya" title="İspaniya - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İspaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8spangn" title="Lèspangn - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lèspangn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sp%C3%A0inn" title="An Spàinn - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Spàinn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ايسپانيا - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايسپانيا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Epáña - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Epáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - concani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="concani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8" title="સ્પેન - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્પેન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epaainya" title="Epaainya - wayú" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Epaainya" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="wayú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Spaainey" title="Yn Spaainey - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Spaainey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ispaniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-p%C3%A2n-ng%C3%A0" title="Sî-pân-ngà - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-pân-ngà" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepania" title="Kepania - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kepania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ספרד - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panjolska" title="Španjolska - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Španjolska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0paniska" title="Španiska - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Španiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espay" title="Espay - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Espay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyolorsz%C3%A1g" title="Spanyolország - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spanyolország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իսպանիա - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սպանիա - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սպանիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hispania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispa%C3%B1a" title="Ispaña - inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Ispaña" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="ХӀиспани - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиспани" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hispania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spánn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%AF%E1%90%B8%E1%90%83%E1%93%90" title="ᓯᐸᐃᓐ - inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓯᐸᐃᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="スペイン - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spien" title="Spien - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Spien" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sangu%27e" title="sangu&#039;e - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sangu&#039;e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპანეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ispaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spenyul" title="Spenyul - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Spenyul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Исбухьэн - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Исбухьэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90s%C9%A9paa%C3%B1%C9%A9" title="Ɛsɩpaañɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsɩpaañɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%B1pen" title="Si̱pen - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Si̱pen" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania - groenlandès" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="groenlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%89" title="អេស្ប៉ាញ - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេស្ប៉ាញ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸ್ಪೇನ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಪೇನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="스페인 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Эспання - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эспання" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%B2%D9%86%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ہِسپٲنِیا - cashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِسپٲنِیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanya" title="Spanya - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Spanya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Испання - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Испання" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spayn" title="Spayn - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Spayn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hispania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spuenien" title="Spuenien - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Spuenien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanje" title="Spaanje - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Spaanje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດແອັດສະປາຍ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດແອັດສະປາຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanija" title="Ispanija - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ispanija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaneja" title="Spaneja - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Spaneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%81nija" title="Spānija - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spānija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espaina" title="Espaina - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Espaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Испаний - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Испаний" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81niora" title="Pāniora - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pāniora" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Шпанија - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шпанија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="സ്പെയിൻ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പെയിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Spanja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanha" title="Spanha - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Spanha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="စပိန်နိုင်ငံ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စပိန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Испания Мастор - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Испания Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایسپانیا - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایسپانیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espangne" title="Espangne - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Espangne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naakaii_%C5%81ib%C3%A1h%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Naakaii Łibáhí Bikéyah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naakaii Łibáhí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispuanii" title="Ispuanii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ispuanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispeen" title="Ispeen - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ispeen" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ସ୍ପେନ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ପେନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਪੇਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਪੇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa%C3%B1a" title="Spaña - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Spaña" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanne" title="Espanne - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Espanne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schpaani" title="Schpaani - alemany pennsilvanià" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schpaani" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alemany pennsilvanià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - alemany palatí" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="alemany palatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiszpania" title="Hiszpania - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiszpania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سپین - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισπανία - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ισπανία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسپانیا - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispa%C3%B1a" title="Ispaña - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ispaña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniya" title="Spaniya - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Spaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esipanye" title="Esipanye - rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Esipanye" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispania" title="Ispania - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ispania" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Spagne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іспанія - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Іспанія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esipanye" title="Esipanye - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Esipanye" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="स्पेन् - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्पेन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱱ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispagna" title="Ispagna - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ispagna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainie" title="Spainie - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spainie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اسپين - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسپين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A1nnja" title="Espánnja - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Espánnja" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A2nye" title="Espânye - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Espânye" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Španija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2banya" title="Ṣbanya - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ṣbanya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းသပဵၼ်ႇ - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသပဵၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A4%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්පාඤ්ඤය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්පාඤ්ඤය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panielsko" title="Španielsko - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Španielsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اسپین - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اسپین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Španija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepa%C2%ADnia" title="Sepa­nia - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Sepa­nia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanja" title="Espanja - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Espanja" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speini" title="Speini - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Speini" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isbania" title="Isbania - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Isbania" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Spanja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Шпанија - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шпанија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyorokondre" title="Spanyorokondre - sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Spanyorokondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipeyini" title="Sipeyini - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sipeyini" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhispania" title="Uhispania - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhispania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szpa%C5%84ijo" title="Szpańijo - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Szpańijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="எசுப்பானியா - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுப்பானியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="స్పెయిన్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్పెయిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศสเปน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศสเปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%B3%E1%8A%9B" title="ስጳኛ - tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ስጳኛ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispani%C3%BDa" title="Ispaniýa - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ispaniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanij%C9%99" title="Ispanijə - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ispanijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipeini" title="Sipeini - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sipeini" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spen" title="Spen - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Spen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İspanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniya" title="Spaniya - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Spaniya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniora" title="Paniora - tahician" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Paniora" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئىسپانىيە - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسپانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іспанія - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іспанія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ہسپانیہ - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہسپانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ispaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain - venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanii" title="Ispanii - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ispanii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Tây Ban Nha - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spany%C3%A4n" title="Spanyän - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Spanyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Espagne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaa%C3%B1" title="Ispaañ - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ispaañ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Эспанмудин Нутуг - kalmoc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Эспанмудин Нутуг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmoc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISpain" title="ISpain - xhòsa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ISpain" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhòsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპანეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="שפאניע - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שפאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9%C3%ACn" title="Spéìn - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Spéìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihbanhyaz" title="Sihbanhyaz - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sihbanhyaz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9A%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-pan-g%C3%A2" title="Se-pan-gâ - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-pan-gâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISpeyini" title="ISpeyini - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISpeyini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discutir:Espanha" rel="discussion" title="Discussion a prepaus d&#039;aquesta pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espanha"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d&#039;aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d&#039;aquesta pagina. 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.ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2444490"> </p> <table class="infobox infobox geografia vcard" style="border-spacing:3.8px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">Espanha <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background:transparent; text-align:center; font-weight:normal; line-height:normal; font-size:84%;"> <div style="font-weight:bold; width:100%; background:transparent" align="left">Noms oficials</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">En <a href="/wiki/Basc" title="Basc">basc</a>: <i>Espainiako Erresuma</i><br /> En <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>: <i>Regne d'Espanya</i><br /> En <a href="/wiki/Castelhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelhan">castelhan</a>: <i>Reino de España</i><br /> En <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A8c" title="Galèc">galèc</a>: <i>Reino de España</i><br /> En <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>: <i>Reiaume d'Espanha</i><br /> En <a href="/wiki/Valencian" title="Valencian">valencian</a>: <i>Regne d'Espanya</i></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/120px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/180px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/240px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/75px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/113px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/150px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="741" /></a></span> </div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandi%C3%A8ra_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandièra d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Bandièra d'Espanha</a></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armas_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armas d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Armas d'Espanha</a></div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imne_nacional" title="Imne nacional">Imne</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcha_Real&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcha Real (la pagina existís pas)">Marcha Real</a></i><sup id="NPP_(I)_back"><a href="#NPP_(I)">(I)</a></sup><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="140" style="width:140px;" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg/Marcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source 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type="text/vtt" srclang="ta" label="தமிழ் ‪(ta)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&amp;lang=tr&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&amp;lang=ug-arab&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ug-Arab" label="ئۇيغۇرچە ‪(ug-arab)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&amp;lang=ur&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ur" label="اردو ‪(ur)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&amp;lang=vi&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMarcha_Real-Royal_March_by_US_Navy_Band.ogg&amp;lang=zh&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Devisa_nacionala" title="Devisa nacionala">Devisa</a>: Plus Ultra<br />"Encara au delà"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Localizacion"><img alt="Localizacion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/270px-EU-Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/405px-EU-Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/540px-EU-Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Capitala<div class="ib-geografia-text">e ciutat mai granda</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Mapas, vistas aerianas, etc."><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=oc&amp;pagename=Espanha&amp;params=40.2_N_3.5_W_"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="40.2">40°&#160;12′&#160;N</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="-3.5">3°&#160;30′&#160;O</data></span></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lenga_oficiala" title="Lenga oficiala">Lengas oficialas</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2u" title="Espanhòu">castelhan</a><sup id="NPP_(II)_back"><a href="#NPP_(II)">(II)</a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Gentilici</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">espanhòl -òla<br />espanhòu -òla</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Forma de govèrn</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Monarquia_constitucionala" title="Monarquia constitucionala">Monarquia constitucionala</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_monarcas_d%27Espanha" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista dels monarcas d&#39;Espanha">Monarca</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_del_gov%C3%A8rn_espanh%C3%B2l" title="Lista dels presidents del govèrn espanhòl">President del govèrn</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Felip_VI_d%27Espanha" title="Felip VI d&#39;Espanha">Felip VI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="&#123;&#123;&#123;classa14&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">Independéncia</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">&#160;</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">Data</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/1512" class="mw-redirect" title="1512">1512</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Superf%C3%ADcia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Superfícia">Superfícia</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_superf%C3%ADcia" title="Lista dels païses per superfícia"> 51<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">504 782&#160;<abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Aiga </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">1,04%&#160;%</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Populacion" title="Populacion">Populacion</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_populacion" title="Lista dels païses per populacion">29<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala (2021)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">47&#160;385&#160;107 ab.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• <a href="/wiki/Densitat_de_populacion" title="Densitat de populacion">Densitat</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">93,87 ab./<abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Indici_de_desvolopament_uman" title="Indici de desvolopament uman">IDH</a></b> (2005)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><span style="color:#00cc33; font-size:11pt">▲</span> 0,949</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">Moneda</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88uro" title="Èuro">Èuro</a><sup id="NPP_(III)_back"><a href="#NPP_(III)">(III)</a></sup> (<code>EUR</code>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_indicatius_telefonics_internacionals_per_pa%C3%ADs" title="Lista dels indicatius telefonics internacionals per país">Indicatiu telefonic</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">34</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">ES <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29?uselang=oc#identifiers" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Fus_orari" title="Fus orari">Fus orari</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">+1: (<a href="/w/index.php?title=CET&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CET (la pagina existís pas)">CET</a>);<br />Ora d'estiu: <a href="/wiki/Temps_Universal_Coordenat" title="Temps Universal Coordenat">UTC</a>+2: (<a href="/w/index.php?title=CEST&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CEST (la pagina existís pas)">CEST</a>) Central European Time</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Domeni_de_primi%C3%A8r_niv%C3%A8l" title="Domeni de primièr nivèl">Domeni internet</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/.es" title=".es">.es</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><span class="references"><div id="NPP_(I)">(I). <a href="#NPP_(I)_back"><b>^</b></a> Lo Decret Reial 1560/1997 indica indiferentament <i>Marcha Granadera</i> e <i>Marcha Real</i>.</div></span> <span class="references"><div id="NPP_(II)">(II). <a href="#NPP_(II)_back"><b>^</b></a> Ja que l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_Reiala_Espanh%C3%B2la&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia Reiala Espanhòla (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia Reiala Espanhòla</a> a validat los dos glotonims tant «espanhòu» coma «castelhan»,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> la Constitucion emplega de manièra explicita «castelhan» per diferenciar-lo del rèsta de las lengas de la peninsula Iberica.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#123;&#123;&#123;c&#125;&#125;&#125;art._3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE{{{c}}}art._3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aitau, son coofiaus lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Basc" title="Basc">basc</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A8c" title="Galèc">galèc</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Aran%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranés">aranés</a> dins quauques <a href="/wiki/Comunautat_auton%C3%B2ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunautat autonòma">comunautats autonòmas</a>.</div></span> <span class="references"><div id="NPP_(III)">(III). <a href="#NPP_(III)_back"><b>^</b></a> Abans <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Pesseta" title="Pesseta">pesseta</a> (en espanhòl: <i>peseta</i>).</div></span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span style="color:#555;">modificar</span></a></span>&#160;<span title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Infodoc" title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><img alt="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Espanha</b>, formalament lo <b>Reiaume d'Espanha</b> (var. <b>Reialme d'Espanha</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>nòta 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> es un <a href="/wiki/Estat_sobeiran" title="Estat sobeiran">estat sobeiran</a> dau sud-oèst d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> qu'ocupa la màger part de la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">peninsula Iberica</a>. La capitala n'es <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Son territòri d'una superfícia de 504 782 km² es limitròf au nòrd de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/And%C3%B2rra" title="Andòrra">Andòrra</a> e a l'oèst de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. Es banhat au nòrd e au sud per l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Atlantic" title="Ocean Atlantic">ocean Atlantic</a> e a l'èst per la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">mar Mediterranèa</a>. Possedís egalament de territòris extra-europèus essent las <a href="/wiki/Illas_Can%C3%A0rias" title="Illas Canàrias">Illas Canàrias</a> en l'ocean Atlantic, e las vilas autonòmas de <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> e <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, ambedoas frontalièras de <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a>. </p><p>Resultat d'un procès lòng de fusions d'unei reiaumes iberics formats dins lo corrent de la <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, Espanha presenta d'identitats regionalas fòrtas e una organizacion politica fòrça descentralizada. </p><p>Poissança mondiala majora pendent lo sègle sègle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span> après la descubèrta e la colonizacion d'<a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a>, lo país conoguèt un declin lòng fins au sègle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> marcat per la pèrda progressiva de son empèri. De <a href="/wiki/1936" class="mw-redirect" title="1936">1936</a> a <a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>, una guèrra civila saunosa entraïnèt la formacion d'un regima <a href="/wiki/Faissisme" title="Faissisme">faissista</a> dirigit per lo generau <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>. Après sa mòrt en <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>, una transicion permetèt de formar un regime democratic que permetèt d'integrar Espanha a l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a>. Aquò favorizèt lo desvolopament economic dau país que ne venguèt la cinquena poissança economica. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografia_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografia d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Geografia d'Espanha</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geografia_fisica">Geografia fisica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia fisica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia fisica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Spain_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spain_topo.jpg/220px-Spain_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spain_topo.jpg/330px-Spain_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Spain_topo.jpg/440px-Spain_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1197" /></a><figcaption>Topografia d'Espanha.</figcaption></figure> <p>Espanha es un país <a href="/wiki/Montanha" title="Montanha">montanhós</a> d'una superficia de 497&#160;000 km² que 56% de son territòri es situat entre 400 e 1&#160;000 m d'<a href="/wiki/Altitud" title="Altitud">altitud</a>. Sus lo <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèu</a>, solament <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">Soïssa</a> a una altitud mejana pus auta. En revènge, au contrari dei regions <a href="/wiki/Aups" class="mw-redirect" title="Aups">aupencas</a> lei cimas pus importantas passan pas 3&#160;500 m. Lo pus aut es lo <a href="/wiki/Mont_Mulhac%C3%A9n" title="Mont Mulhacén">mont Mulhacén</a> (entre 3&#160;478 e 3&#160;482 m) dins la <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(Espanha)" title="Sierra Nevada (Espanha)">Sierra Nevada</a> au sud. Pasmens, fau nòtar l'existéncia dau <a href="/wiki/Teide" title="Teide">mont Teide</a> (entre 3&#160;715 e 3&#160;718 m) dins leis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Can%C3%A0rias" title="Illas Canàrias">illas Canàrias</a>. </p><p>Sièis ensems compausan leis elements majors de la topografia dau país&#160;: </p> <ul><li>la region de <a href="/wiki/Meseta" title="Meseta">Meseta</a> cuerb aperaquí 40% de sa superficia e es l'ossatura de la peninsula. Es format de plans d'altitud auta enviroutat de cadenas de <a href="/wiki/Montanha" title="Montanha">montanhas</a> coma lei <a href="/wiki/Monts_Cantabrics" title="Monts Cantabrics">monts Cantabrics</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Cordilhera_Iberica_centrala" title="Cordilhera Iberica centrala">cordilhera Iberica centrala</a>. Au centre, es marcat per la vau de <a href="/wiki/Tage" title="Tage">Tage</a> qu'es lo fluvi pus lòng de la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a>. Dos autrei rius majors, <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> e <a href="/wiki/Guadiana" title="Guadiana">Guadiana</a>, passan tanben dins la region respectivament au nòrd e au sud.</li> <li>lo bacin d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88bre" title="Èbre">Èbre</a> fa geologicament partida de <a href="/wiki/Meseta" title="Meseta">Meseta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Riu" title="Riu">Fluvi</a> pus poderós d'Espanha, forma una vau importanta entre lei regions centralas e lei Pirenèus.</li> <li>lei <a href="/wiki/Cordilheras_catalanas" title="Cordilheras catalanas">cordilheras catalanas</a> forman un relèu d'altitud mejana magerament situada en <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a>. Son percorrudas per divèrsei <a href="/wiki/Riu" title="Riu">rius</a> a l'origina d'una <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> importanta.</li> <li>lei <a href="/wiki/Piren%C3%A8us" title="Pirenèus">Pirenèus</a> forman un relèu important au nòrd que marca la frontiera amb <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> dempuei l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>.</li> <li>lei cadenas beticas son situadas dins lo sud lòng de la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mar Mediterranèa</a>. La longor dau sistèma principau aganta 800 km. D'autrei cadenas mai ò mens isoladas existisson a l'entorn d'aquel ensems fins a la region de <a href="/wiki/Meseta" title="Meseta">Meseta</a>.</li> <li>lo plan de <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a> es una region sedimentària situada a l'oèst e au nòrd dei cadenas beticas. Es lo pus estendut d'Espanha.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Clima"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Espanha_-_Clima.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Espanha_-_Clima.png/220px-Espanha_-_Clima.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Espanha_-_Clima.png/330px-Espanha_-_Clima.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Espanha_-_Clima.png/440px-Espanha_-_Clima.png 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Zònas climaticas principalas d'Espanha.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo territòri espanhòla se devesís entre tres zònas <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">climaticas</a>&#160;: </p> <ul><li>una region sud, nòrd-èst e nòrd-oèst que presenta un <a href="/wiki/Clima_mediterran%C3%A8u" title="Clima mediterranèu">clima mediterranèu</a> caracterizat per d'estius secs e cauds. Doas variantas existisson en foncion de l'<a href="/wiki/Altitud" title="Altitud">altitud</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">latitud</a> que son aumentacion demenís l'aspèct canicular dei periòdes cauds.</li> <li>una region sud-èst que presenta un clima semi arid. Pron similar au clima mediterranèu, es caracterizada per una sason seca lònga que pòu s'estendre sus la <a href="/wiki/Prima" title="Prima">prima</a> e sus l'<a href="/wiki/Automne" title="Automne">autona</a>.</li> <li>una region que s'estend sus lo rèsta dau territòri que presenta un clima d'influéncia continentala. D'efècte, es pas un <a href="/wiki/Clima_continentau" title="Clima continentau">clima continentau</a> tipe e sei caracteristicas vertadieras oscillan entre un clima sec moderat per lei precipitacions e l'èr portats per l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Atlantic" title="Ocean Atlantic">Ocean Atlantic</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Demografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografia_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografia d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Demografia d'Espanha</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Espanha_-_Densitat_de_populacion_e_vilas_principalas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Espanha_-_Densitat_de_populacion_e_vilas_principalas.png/220px-Espanha_-_Densitat_de_populacion_e_vilas_principalas.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Espanha_-_Densitat_de_populacion_e_vilas_principalas.png/330px-Espanha_-_Densitat_de_populacion_e_vilas_principalas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Espanha_-_Densitat_de_populacion_e_vilas_principalas.png/440px-Espanha_-_Densitat_de_populacion_e_vilas_principalas.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Densitat de populacion e vilas principalas d'Espanha.</figcaption></figure> <p>Espanha aviá oficialament 47&#160;059&#160;533 abitants lo 1<sup>èr</sup> de genier de <a href="/wiki/2013" class="mw-redirect" title="2013">2013</a>. Aquò representava una densitat de populacion de 93 ab/km². Èra fòrça inegalament despartida sus lo territòri e concentrada lòng dei regions litoralas e au sen de la region de <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. Son estructura es caracteristica d'un país desvolopat amb una esperança de vida auta (81 ans en 2012), de taus de feconditat e de mortalitat febles e una populacion que son temps se situa magerament entre 15 e 64 ans. L'imigracion a donc un ròtle importanta dins lo mantenement de la creissença demografica. </p><p>La premiera vila espanhòla es <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> que son aglomeracion agantava 5,8 milions d'abitants en <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> e qua fa partida dei vilas pus importantas d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> (4,7 milions en 2005) es la segonda vila pus importanta e es tanben un centre europèu major. Sa posicion pus pròcha dau rèsta dau <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> li permet d'aver un ròtle primordiau au sen de l'economia nacionala. Quatre autreis aglomeracions passan lo milion d'abitants (<a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ncia" title="Valéncia">Valéncia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaga" title="Malaga">Malaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevilha" title="Sevilha">Sevilha</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>). Son situadas dins de regions litoralas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lengas">Lengas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lengas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lengas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Spanish_dialects_in_Spain-oc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Spanish_dialects_in_Spain-oc.png/220px-Spanish_dialects_in_Spain-oc.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Spanish_dialects_in_Spain-oc.png/330px-Spanish_dialects_in_Spain-oc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Spanish_dialects_in_Spain-oc.png/440px-Spanish_dialects_in_Spain-oc.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Lengas tradicionalas d'Espanha.</figcaption></figure> <p>Unei lengas territorialas existisson en Espanha. An divèrseis estatuts. L'<a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2l" class="mw-redirect" title="Espanhòl">espanhòl</a> ò castelhan es la lenga oficiala de l'estat. Es la lenga premiera de 74% de la populacion — magerament dins lei regions sud e centralas — e es mestrejada per la màger part deis abitants. Domina leis autrei lengas dins un rapòrt de <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a>. </p><p>Quatre lengas a un estatut locau de cooficialitat definit per lei comunautats autonòmas&#160;: </p> <ul><li>lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> es la lenga premiera de 17% de la populacion. Es cooficiau dins la <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalonha" title="Generalitat de Catalonha">Generalitat de Catalonha</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Valencian" title="País Valencian">País Valencian</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Balearas" title="Illas Balearas">illas Balearas</a>. En revènge, a ges d'estatut dins lei regions perifericas de l'espaci catalan situadas dins d'autrei regions;</li> <li>lo <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A8c" title="Galèc">galèc</a> es la lenga premiera de 7% de la populacion. Es coficiau en <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a> mai pas en Astúrias ont es parlat perifericament;</li> <li>lo <a href="/wiki/Basco" class="mw-redirect" title="Basco">basco</a> es la lenga premiera de 2% de la populacion concentrada dins lei regions bascas (<a href="/wiki/Comunautat_Auton%C3%B2ma_Basca" title="Comunautat Autonòma Basca">Comunautat Autonòma Basca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comunautat_Forala_de_Navarra" title="Comunautat Forala de Navarra">Comunautat Forala de Navarra</a>) ont es cooficiau;</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dial%C3%A8cte" title="Dialècte">dialècte</a> <a href="/wiki/Aran%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranés">aranés</a>) es la lenga premiera de la <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Aran" title="Val d&#39;Aran">Val d'Aran</a>. Es cooficiau dins la <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalonha" title="Generalitat de Catalonha">Generalitat de Catalonha</a>.</li></ul> <p>D'autrei lengas existisson encara sus lo territòri espanhòu mai an una reconóissança limitada ò, sovent, ges d'estatut oficiau&#160;: </p> <ul><li>l'<a href="/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Aragonés">aragonés</a> es parlat au nòrd d'<a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>. De projèctes regionaus de proteccion existisson que se son gaire concretizats;</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Asturleon%C3%A9s" title="Asturleonés">asturleonés</a> (nomenat <i><a href="/wiki/Asturian" title="Asturian">asturian</a></i> en <a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%BArias" title="Astúrias">Astúrias</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Leon%C3%A9s" title="Leonés">leonés</a></i> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Leon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Província de Leon (la pagina existís pas)">Leon</a> e <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirand%C3%A9s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirandés (la pagina existís pas)">mirandés</a></i> en <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>) es parlat dins lo nòrd-oèst. Beneficia d'una proteccion parciala en <a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%BArias" title="Astúrias">Astúrias</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>nòta 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>;</li> <li>l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Estremenu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Estremenu (la pagina existís pas)">estremenu</a> es parlat au nòrd d'<a href="/wiki/Extremadura_(Espanha)" title="Extremadura (Espanha)">Extremadura</a>. Es considerat coma menaça en causa de la disparicion rapida de sei locutors.</li> <li>lo <a href="/wiki/Berb%C3%A8r" title="Berbèr">berbèr</a> es parlat dins l'enclava de Melilla e per de minoritats deis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Can%C3%A0rias" title="Illas Canàrias">illas Canàrias</a> (dialècte <a href="/wiki/Guanche" title="Guanche">guanche</a>);</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a> es parlat dins l'enclava de Ceuta.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Religions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Religions"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espanha es un país fòrça omogenèu regardant la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> de seis abitants. En <a href="/wiki/2015" class="mw-redirect" title="2015">2015</a>, 69,3% se considerava coma <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolic</a>, 16% non cresents, 10,3 <a href="/wiki/Ate%C3%AFsme" title="Ateïsme">atèus</a> e 1,9% d'autra religion. Pasmens, coma dins la màger part d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala">Euròpa Occidentala</a>, l'influéncia de la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica_Romana" title="Glèisa Catolica Romana">Glèisa Catolica</a> demenís e mai de la mitat dei fidèus an una practica limitada. Leis autrei religions son minoritàrias.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria_d%27Espanha" title="Istòria d&#39;Espanha">Istòria d'Espanha</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat"><span id="Pre.C3.AFst.C3.B2ria_e_Antiquitat"></span>Preïstòria e Antiquitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Preïstòria e Antiquitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Preïstòria e Antiquitat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Preïstòria_e_premiers_pòblaments_antics"><span id="Pre.C3.AFst.C3.B2ria_e_premiers_p.C3.B2blaments_antics"></span>Preïstòria e premiers pòblaments antics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Preïstòria e premiers pòblaments antics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Preïstòria e premiers pòblaments antics"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei traças pus ancianas de preséncia d'<a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">ominidats</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a></i>) en Espanha foguèron descubèrtas sus lo sèti paleontologic d'Atapuerca e datan de 1,2 milions d'annadas<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Puei, s'i desvolopèron ò s'i installèron divèrseis espècias pus desvolopadas coma <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i> ò <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_neanderthalensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo neanderthalensis">Homo neanderthalensis</a></i>. Enfin, l'òme modèrne (<i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i>) i arribèt i a 35&#160;000 ans après lo passatge dei <a href="/wiki/Piren%C3%A8us" title="Pirenèus">Pirenèus</a>. </p><p>Après la <a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Preïstòria">Preïstòria</a>, leis <a href="/wiki/Ib%C3%A8rs" title="Ibèrs">Ibèrs</a> son le premier pòble mencionat dins la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> dins de documents <a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">escrichs</a>. Avans lo sègle V avC, lei <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ltas" title="Cèltas">Cèltas</a> migrèron dins la peninsula onte se mesclèron ai pòbles locaus. A partir dau sègle IX avC, lei <a href="/wiki/Fenician" title="Fenician">Fenicians</a> comencèron d'installar de comptadors maritims (Malaga, Cadix, Ibiza, Cartagèna...). Puei, au sègle VII avC, de colons <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica" title="Grècia antica">grècs</a> s'installèron tanben lòng dei costats. Aquelei marchands e colons aguèron una influéncia importanta sus certanei populacions indigènas. Per exemple, se desvolopèt a l'entorn de la vila de Tartessos una <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a> e una <a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">escritura</a> pròprias fòrça marcadas per l'influéncia cultura <a href="/wiki/Fenician" title="Fenician">feniciana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">egipciana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periòdes_cartaginés_e_roman"><span id="Peri.C3.B2des_cartagin.C3.A9s_e_roman"></span>Periòdes cartaginés e roman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Periòdes cartaginés e roman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Periòdes cartaginés e roman"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après la desfacha cartagenisa a l'eissida de la <a href="/wiki/Primi%C3%A8ra_Gu%C3%A8rra_Punica" title="Primièra Guèrra Punica">Premiera Guèrra Punica</a> (<a href="/wiki/-264" class="mw-redirect" title="-264">264</a>-<a href="/wiki/-241" class="mw-redirect" title="-241">241 avC</a>), la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a> venguèt lo còr de la poissança novèla de <a href="/wiki/Cartage" title="Cartage">Cartage</a> sota l'impulsion de l'ostau Barca. La màger part de son territòri foguèt conquista ò somesa per lei Cartaginés mai aquela expansion causèt de tensions novèlas amb <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>. En <a href="/wiki/-219" class="mw-redirect" title="-219">219 avC</a>, lo sètge e la conquista de la vila de Sagonta, aliada ai Romans, foguèt a l'origina de la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Punica" title="Segonda Guèrra Punica">Segonda Guèrra Punica</a> (<a href="/wiki/-218" class="mw-redirect" title="-218">218</a>-<a href="/wiki/-201" class="mw-redirect" title="-201">201 avC</a>) que s'acabèt per una desfacha novèla e majora de Cartage. Una partida de sei possessions ibericas foguèt ocupada per lei Romans e l'autra capitèt de restaurar son independéncia. </p><p>Dins lo corrent dau sègle II avC, lei Romans acomencèron la conquista sistematica de la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> (dicha <i><a href="/wiki/Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></i>). Se turtèt a de resisténcias importantas, especialament dins lo nòrd, e s'acabèt solament pendent lo rèine d'<a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> (<a href="/wiki/-37" class="mw-redirect" title="-37">37 avC</a> - <a href="/wiki/9" class="mw-redirect" title="9">9 apC</a>). L'influéncia romana aguèt d'efèctes importants dins la region — franc dei zònas <a href="/wiki/Montanha" title="Montanha">montanhosas</a> dau nòrd — regardant la politica, l'economia e la tecnica. L'<a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a> locala foguèt integrada au sen deis òrdres dei senators e dei chivaliers e, en <a href="/wiki/74" class="mw-redirect" title="74">74</a>, lo drech <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> e la ciutadanetat romana foguèron estenduts a la region. <i><a href="/wiki/Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></i> foguèt la província d'origina d'uneis emperaires (<a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_(emperaire)" title="Adrian (emperaire)">Adrian</a>...) ò conselhiers importants dau govèrn (<a href="/wiki/Sen%C3%A8ca_lo_Jove" title="Senèca lo Jove">Senèca</a>...). Gràcias a l'instauracion de la <i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana" title="Pax Romana">Pax Romana</a></i>, <i>Hispania</i> conoguèt un desvolopament economic important (exportacions de <a href="/wiki/Vin" title="Vin">vin</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%92li" title="Òli">òli</a>, de metaus) e lei Romans creèron unei vilas novèlas coma <a href="/wiki/Saragossa" title="Saragossa">Saragossa</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ncia" title="Valéncia">Valéncia</a>. Favorizèt tanben l'expansion dau <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestianisme</a>. </p><p>A partir dau sègle III, l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Empèri Roman</a> acomencèt de declinar e son territòri deguèt faciar divèrseis invasions de pòbles barbaras venguts d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> Centrala e d'<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. En <a href="/wiki/406" class="mw-redirect" title="406">406</a>-<a href="/wiki/407" class="mw-redirect" title="407">407</a>, l'afondrament dei defensas romanas d'Occident entraïnèt l'installacion dei Vandals dins l'<a href="/wiki/Andalosia" title="Andalosia">Andalosia</a> actuala e dins lo nòrd de <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a> e dei Sueves dins lo sud de <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a> e leis Alans dins lo <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> modèrne en <a href="/wiki/411" class="mw-redirect" title="411">411</a>. En <a href="/wiki/429" class="mw-redirect" title="429">429</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Visig%C3%B2ts" title="Visigòts">Visigòts</a> obliguèron lei Vandals de se desplaçar en Africa dau Nòrd e formèron un reiaume important estendut sus la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a> e sus <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0llia" title="Gàllia">Gàllia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_formacion_e_l'expansion_de_l'Espanha_de_l'Edat_Mejana_e_de_la_Renaissença"><span id="La_formacion_e_l.27expansion_de_l.27Espanha_de_l.27Edat_Mejana_e_de_la_Renaissen.C3.A7a"></span>La formacion e l'expansion de l'Espanha de l'Edat Mejana e de la Renaissença</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : La formacion e l&#039;expansion de l&#039;Espanha de l&#039;Edat Mejana e de la Renaissença" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La formacion e l&#039;expansion de l&#039;Espanha de l&#039;Edat Mejana e de la Renaissença"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Periòde_visigòts_e_conquista_musulmana"><span id="Peri.C3.B2de_visig.C3.B2ts_e_conquista_musulmana"></span>Periòde visigòts e conquista musulmana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Periòde visigòts e conquista musulmana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Periòde visigòts e conquista musulmana"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Reino_de_los_visigodos-oc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/2/2c/Reino_de_los_visigodos-oc.svg/220px-Reino_de_los_visigodos-oc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/2/2c/Reino_de_los_visigodos-oc.svg/330px-Reino_de_los_visigodos-oc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/2/2c/Reino_de_los_visigodos-oc.svg/440px-Reino_de_los_visigodos-oc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Extension maximala dau Reiaume Visigòt vèrs <a href="/wiki/500" class="mw-redirect" title="500">500</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/454" class="mw-redirect" title="454">454</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Visig%C3%B2ts" title="Visigòts">Visigòts</a> acomencèron de conquistar la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a> que foguèt totalament ocupada levat dau nòrd-oèst e dau litorau nòrd. Après la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Vouill%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Batalha de Vouillé">batalha de Vouillé</a> (<a href="/wiki/507" class="mw-redirect" title="507">507</a>) e la pèrda d'<a href="/wiki/Aquit%C3%A0nia" class="mw-disambig" title="Aquitània">Aquitània</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> venguèt lo centre dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Visig%C3%B2t" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Visigòt">Reiaume Visigòt</a> que sa <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> foguèt installada a <a href="/wiki/Toledo" title="Toledo">Toledo</a> en <a href="/wiki/554" class="mw-redirect" title="554">554</a>. En <a href="/wiki/586" class="mw-redirect" title="586">586</a>, ne'n ocupèt la màger part après la somission dei Sueves. Dins lo corrent dau sègle VI, capitèt d'integrar leis <a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracias</a> germanicas e romanas au sen d'una classa dirigenta unica e leis envaïsseires foguèron tanben assimilats per lei populacions indigènas (abandon dau gòtic au profiech dei parlars romans). Pasmens, aquel edifici demorèt fragil en causa dei conflictes entre lo rèi e sei senhors pus importants. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Peninsula_Iberica_v%C3%A8rs_750.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Peninsula_Iberica_v%C3%A8rs_750.png/220px-Peninsula_Iberica_v%C3%A8rs_750.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Peninsula_Iberica_v%C3%A8rs_750.png/330px-Peninsula_Iberica_v%C3%A8rs_750.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Peninsula_Iberica_v%C3%A8rs_750.png/440px-Peninsula_Iberica_v%C3%A8rs_750.png 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/750" class="mw-redirect" title="750">750</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/711" class="mw-redirect" title="711">711</a>, aquelei tensions foguèron belèu la causa de l'invasion d'una armada berbèra venguda sostenir lei princes en lucha còntra lo poder centrau. Lo rèi visigòt e son armada foguèron esquichadas e tota la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>, franc dei montanhas meridionalas onte se formèt lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_deis_Ast%C3%BArias" title="Reiaume deis Astúrias">Reiaume deis Astúrias</a>, foguèron annexadas per lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_Omeia" title="Califat Omeia">Califat Omeiade</a> en <a href="/wiki/732" class="mw-redirect" title="732">732</a>. En <a href="/wiki/756" class="mw-redirect" title="756">756</a>, après l'afondrament dau Califat Omeiade, un eiretier de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">dinastia</a> capitèt de conquistar lo poder en Espanha e d'i formar l'<a href="/wiki/Califat_de_C%C3%B2rdoa" title="Califat de Còrdoa">Emirat de Còrdoa</a> que venguèt un califat en <a href="/wiki/929" class="mw-redirect" title="929">929</a>. </p><p>Lei musulmans s'installèron lòng dau litorau <a href="/wiki/Mediterran%C3%A8a" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranèa">mediterranèu</a>, especialament en <a href="/wiki/Andalosia" title="Andalosia">Andalosia</a> e dins lo bacin de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88bre" title="Èbre">Èbre</a>. Dicha <a href="/wiki/Al_Andal%C3%BAs" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Andalús">Al Andalús</a>, la region <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a> de la Peninsula Iberica conoguèt un desvolopament important gràcias a l'introduccion de tecnicas novèlas (subretot d'aigatge) per lei venceires. Lei <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">josieus</a> obtenguèron l'estatut de <i>dhimmis</i> e demorèron relativament liures. L'islamizacion de la peninsula acomencèt de progressar a partir dei sègles IX e X quand la pression per convertir lei populacions indigènas a l'islam venguèt pus fòrta. Pasmens, a partir de <a href="/wiki/1002" class="mw-redirect" title="1002">1002</a>, lo Califat de Còrdoa declinèt rapidament en causa de guèrras de succession ò de poder entre lei faccions arabias, berbèras e indigènas de son aristocracia. En <a href="/wiki/1031" class="mw-redirect" title="1031">1031</a>, aquò entraïnèt sa division entre 23 emirats locaus dichs taifas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Reconquista">La Reconquista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : La Reconquista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Reconquista"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> designa lo lòng procès — de <a href="/wiki/718" class="mw-redirect" title="718">718</a> a <a href="/wiki/1492" class="mw-redirect" title="1492">1492</a> — que permetèt ai reiaumes crestians de la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">Peninsula Iberica</a> de conquistar lei territòris sota contraròtle de princes musulmans. Associat ai <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Crosadas</a> e renfòrçat per de chivaliers venguts d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> Occidentala, lo movement aguèt un ròtle primordiau sus l'estructuracion politica d'Espanha. </p><p>Acomencèt tre lo sègle VIII quand lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_deis_Ast%C3%BArias" title="Reiaume deis Astúrias">Reiaume deis Astúrias</a> capitèt d'estendre son influéncia en direccion de <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a> e vèrs lo sud. Installats a Oviedo, sei sobeirans se presentèron coma lei successors dei Visigòts. En <a href="/wiki/912" class="mw-redirect" title="912">912</a>, installèt sa frontiera amb lo <a href="/wiki/Califat_de_C%C3%B2rdoa" title="Califat de Còrdoa">Emitat de Còrdoa</a> lòng dau fluvi <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a>. En revènge, dins lo bacin de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88bre" title="Èbre">Èbre</a> — poblat per de populacions musulmanas nombrosas — resistiguèt ais ofensivas francas, especialament durant aquelei menats per <a href="/wiki/Carlesmanhe" title="Carlesmanhe">Carlesmanhe</a> que poguèt solament ocupar una faissa territòriala estrecha au sud dei <a href="/wiki/Piren%C3%A8us" title="Pirenèus">Pirenèus</a>. </p><p>Dins lo corrent dau sègle XI, la fragmentacion deis estats musulmans après la disparicion dau <a href="/wiki/Califat_de_C%C3%B2rdoa" title="Califat de Còrdoa">Califat de Còrdoa</a> foguèt una occasion novèla d'expansion per lei reiaumes crestians. Èran militarament pus poderós que lei taifas e poguèron impausar de tribúts importants en cambi d'un mantenement de la patz. Son organizacion acomencèt tanben de s'estabilizar après la mòrt dau rèi de <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Navarra" title="Reiaume de Navarra">Navarra</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=San%C3%A7_III_de_Navarra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanç III de Navarra (la pagina existís pas)">Sanç lo Grand</a> (<a href="/wiki/1004" class="mw-redirect" title="1004">1004</a>-<a href="/wiki/1035" class="mw-redirect" title="1035">1035</a>) amb la formacion de tres reiaumes dirigits per sei fius&#160;: lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_d%27Aragon" title="Reiaume d&#39;Aragon">Reiaume d'Aragon</a> a l'èst, lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Navarra" title="Reiaume de Navarra">Reiaume de Navarra</a> —que gardèt son independéncia mai demorèt un estat pichon — au nòrd e lo [[Reiaume de Castelha] — aumentat per l'absorpcion dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Leon" title="Reiaume de Leon">Reiaume de Leon</a> (estat successor dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_deis_Ast%C3%BArias" title="Reiaume deis Astúrias">Reiaume deis Astúrias</a>) tre <a href="/wiki/1037" class="mw-redirect" title="1037">1037</a> — au nòrd e a l'oèst. Completat per la formacion de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> en <a href="/wiki/1139" class="mw-redirect" title="1139">1139</a>, aquel esquèma demorèt en plaça fins a la fin de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>. </p><p>L'avançada militara d'aquelei reiaumes, especialament de Leon e de Castelha, foguèt inicialament aisada car progressèron dins lei regions vuejas entre Douro e la Cordilhera Centrala. En revènge, lei regions pobladas d'Arabis ò de convertits a l'islam resistiguèron. En <a href="/wiki/1086" class="mw-redirect" title="1086">1086</a>, en fàcia de la pression militara creissenta dei crestians (presa de <a href="/wiki/Toledo" title="Toledo">Toledo</a> en <a href="/wiki/1085" class="mw-redirect" title="1085">1085</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfons_VI_de_Leon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfons VI de Leon (la pagina existís pas)">Alfons VI de Leon</a>), lei taifas demandèron l'ajuda deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravides&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravides (la pagina existís pas)">Almoravides</a>. Ocupèron leis estats musulmans de la peninsula e ganhèron la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Sagrajas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Sagrajas (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Sagrajas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1086" class="mw-redirect" title="1086">1086</a>) que permetèt d'arrestar lei progrès crestians. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Reconquista_-_S%C3%A8gle_XIII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reconquista_-_S%C3%A8gle_XIII.png/220px-Reconquista_-_S%C3%A8gle_XIII.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reconquista_-_S%C3%A8gle_XIII.png/330px-Reconquista_-_S%C3%A8gle_XIII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reconquista_-_S%C3%A8gle_XIII.png/440px-Reconquista_-_S%C3%A8gle_XIII.png 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption>Debanament de la Reconquista dins lo corrent dau sègle XIII.</figcaption></figure> <p>Au sègle XIII, la Reconquista contunièt gràcias a la creacion deis òrdres religiós militars e a l'estrambòrd dei chivaliers crestians desirós de participar ai <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Crosadas</a>. Pasmens, en <a href="/wiki/1195" class="mw-redirect" title="1195">1195</a>, aquelei fòrças foguèron esquichadas a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27Alarcos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d&#39;Alarcos (la pagina existís pas)">Alarcos</a> per leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohades (la pagina existís pas)">Almohades</a> — qu'avián conquistat leis estats musulmans espanhòus entre 1145 e 1172. Aquela desfacha suscitèt un apèu de la papautat qu'entraïnèt la reünion d'una coalicion gropant lei reiaumes de la peninsula sostenguts per d'importants còrs de chivaliers venguts d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> (principalament de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>). En <a href="/wiki/1212" class="mw-redirect" title="1212">1212</a>, ganhèt la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Las_Navas_de_Tolosa" title="Batalha de Las Navas de Tolosa">batalha de Las Navas de Tolosa</a> onte la màger part dei fòrças musulmanas foguèron anientadas. Après aquela victòria, la màger part de la peninsula foguèt conquistada per leis estats crestians (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2rdoa" title="Còrdoa">Còrdoa</a> en <a href="/wiki/1236" class="mw-redirect" title="1236">1236</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevilha" title="Sevilha">Sevilha</a> en <a href="/wiki/1248" class="mw-redirect" title="1248">1248</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadis" title="Cadis">Cadis</a> en <a href="/wiki/1263" class="mw-redirect" title="1263">1263</a>) franc dau <a href="/wiki/Emirat_de_Granada" title="Emirat de Granada">Reiaume de Granada</a> que gardèt son independéncia fins a <a href="/wiki/1492" class="mw-redirect" title="1492">1492</a> en cambi dau pagament d'un tribút important. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'afirmacion_dau_Reiaume_de_Castelha_e_lo_declin_catalan"><span id="L.27afirmacion_dau_Reiaume_de_Castelha_e_lo_declin_catalan"></span>L'afirmacion dau Reiaume de Castelha e lo declin catalan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : L&#039;afirmacion dau Reiaume de Castelha e lo declin catalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L&#039;afirmacion dau Reiaume de Castelha e lo declin catalan"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Castelha" title="Reiaume de Castelha">Reiaume de Castelha</a> foguèt lo beneficiari principau de la <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> e son sobeiran esitèt pas d'adoptar lo títol d'<i>Imperator totius Hispaniae</i> ai sègles XI e XII. Après l'union definitiva dei Reiaumes de Leon e de Castelha en <a href="/wiki/1230" class="mw-redirect" title="1230">1230</a>, èra la premiera poissança territòriala de la region. Adoptèt una politica pus dura — a respèct per exemple d'aquela d'Aragon — còntra lei populacions musulamanas que foguèron marginalizadas ò expulsadas après de revòutas. Aquò empachèt pas d'acòrds concluts per certanei rèis coma Alfons VI ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_III_de_Castelha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand III de Castelha (la pagina existís pas)">Ferdinand III</a> per limitar la resisténcia musulmana dins lo corrent dei periòdes d'avançadas. Pasmens, au sègle XIV, una crisi de succession e una lònga guèrra civila — que se transformèt en conflicte periferic de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans" title="Guèrra de Cent Ans">Guèrra de Cent Ans</a> — entre lei partisans de <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8ire_Ier_de_Castelha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pèire Ier de Castelha (la pagina existís pas)">Pèire I<sup>èr</sup></a> e d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enric_II_de_Castelha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enric II de Castelha (la pagina existís pas)">Enric de Trastamare</a> entraïnèt un novèu periòde d'ostilitat còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmans</a> e tanben còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">josieus</a>. Aqueu periòde causèt una demenicion de la poissança castelhana durant lo sègle XIV (desfacha còntra lei Portugués en 1385) mai favorizèt l'emergéncia d'una <a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a> militara e un començament de sentiment d'unitat nacionala. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Reiaume_d%27Aragon_-_Expansion_en_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Reiaume_d%27Aragon_-_Expansion_en_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png/220px-Reiaume_d%27Aragon_-_Expansion_en_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Reiaume_d%27Aragon_-_Expansion_en_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png/330px-Reiaume_d%27Aragon_-_Expansion_en_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Reiaume_d%27Aragon_-_Expansion_en_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png/440px-Reiaume_d%27Aragon_-_Expansion_en_Mediterran%C3%A8a.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Expansion en Mediterranèa dau Reiaume d'Aragon fins a son union amb lo Reiaume de Castelha en <a href="/wiki/1479" class="mw-redirect" title="1479">1479</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>D'aqueu temps, lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_d%27Aragon" title="Reiaume d&#39;Aragon">Reiaume d'Aragon</a> èra vengut una poissança mediterranèa importanta. D'efècte, basat sus una aliança entre leis Ostaus d'Aragon e de Barcelona definitivament concluda en <a href="/wiki/1137" class="mw-redirect" title="1137">1137</a>, aqueu reiaume aguèt un ròtle important dins la Reconquista au sègle XII (presa de Saragossa, de Lerida e de Terual). En revènge, sa temptativa d'expansion au nòrd dei Pirenèus s'acabèt per una revirada e per la mòrt de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_II_d%27Aragon" title="Pèire II d&#39;Aragon">Pèire II</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Mur%C3%A8th" title="Batalha de Murèth">batalha de Murèth</a> (<a href="/wiki/1213" class="mw-redirect" title="1213">1213</a>). Puei, blocat après la conquista de Valéncia dins son expansion vèrs lo sud per la conquista castelhana de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BArcia" title="Múrcia">Múrcia</a>, dirigiguèt sa politica militara vèrs la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mar Mediterranèa</a> (conquista deis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Balearas" title="Illas Balearas">illas Balearas</a>). </p><p>Aquelei conquistas foguèron integradas au sen d'un ensems complèx de reiaumes segondaris dirigits per de fius cadets de l'Ostau de Barcelona e liats entre elei per de pactes destinats a la proteccion dei libertats de cada entitat. Lei populacions aràbias conoguèron donc de sòrts variables segon lei regions&#160;: expulsion deis illas Balearas, mantenement dins lo bacin d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88bre" title="Èbre">Èbre</a> (pasmens amb pèrda de l'usatge oficiau de l'<a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a>) e a l'entorn de Valéncia (amb mantenement de l'usatge oficiau de l'<a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a>). A la fin dau sègle XIII, lo rèi aragonés capitèt tanben de venir rèi de Sicília segon un procès complèx que se debanèt entre <a href="/wiki/1282" class="mw-redirect" title="1282">1282</a> e <a href="/wiki/1296" class="mw-redirect" title="1296">1296</a> e que li permetèt tanben d'obtenir lo drech de conquistar <a href="/wiki/Sardenha" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a> (conquista realizada entre <a href="/wiki/1323" class="mw-redirect" title="1323">1323</a> e <a href="/wiki/1412" class="mw-redirect" title="1412">1412</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Corsega" title="Corsega">Corsega</a> (ges de temptativa importanta per ocupar l'illa que demorèt possession de <a href="/wiki/Republica_de_G%C3%A8noa" title="Republica de Gènoa">Gènoa</a>). Enfin, en <a href="/wiki/1442" class="mw-redirect" title="1442">1442</a>, lo reiaume de Napòli foguèt conquistada. </p><p>Aquò entraïnèt la formacion d'un reiaume important dependent de l'Ostau de Barcelona que gropava Aragon, la mitat sud d'Itàlia, leis illas Baleares, Sardenha e Sicília. Pasmens, a partir dau sègle XV, acomencèt de declinar en causa d'una crisi economica, de revòutas periodicas de paisans e de la disparicion d'Ostau de Barcelona que foguèt remplaçat per un Ostau castelhan eissit dei Trastamare. Aqueu cambiament de poder entraïnèt de tensions importantas entre lo rèi d'origina castelhana e son <a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a> d'origina catalana. En <a href="/wiki/1462" class="mw-redirect" title="1462">1462</a>, una guèrra civila comencèt entre lei dos camps. Marcada per d'intervencions estrangieras, en particular aquela de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> que poguèt ocupar <a href="/wiki/Cerdanha" title="Cerdanha">Cerdanha</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rossilhon" title="Rossilhon">Rossilhon</a> fins a <a href="/wiki/1493" class="mw-redirect" title="1493">1493</a>, accelerèt lo declin dau reiaume e favorizèt son union amb Castelha gràcias au maridatge entre <a href="/wiki/Ferrand_II_d%27Aragon" title="Ferrand II d&#39;Aragon">Ferrand II d'Aragon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isab%C3%A8l_I%C3%A8ra_de_Castelha" title="Isabèl Ièra de Castelha">Isabèl Ièra de Castelha</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_Sègle_d'Aur_Espanhòu_e_l'apogèu_d'Espanha"><span id="Lo_S.C3.A8gle_d.27Aur_Espanh.C3.B2u_e_l.27apog.C3.A8u_d.27Espanha"></span>Lo Sègle d'Aur Espanhòu e l'apogèu d'Espanha</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Sègle d&#039;Aur Espanhòu e l&#039;apogèu d&#039;Espanha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo Sègle d&#039;Aur Espanhòu e l&#039;apogèu d&#039;Espanha"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ferrand_II_d%27Aragon" title="Ferrand II d&#39;Aragon">Ferrand II d'Aragon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isab%C3%A8l_I%C3%A8ra_de_Castelha" title="Isabèl Ièra de Castelha">Isabèl Ièra de Castelha</a> dirigiguèron ensems lo novèu reiaume. Cada entitat i gardèt seis institucions e sei drechs mai Castelha — reiaume pus poblat d'Espanha — prenguèt pauc a pauc l'egemonia. En <a href="/wiki/1492" class="mw-redirect" title="1492">1492</a>, foguèt aumentada de l'<a href="/wiki/Emirat_de_Granada" title="Emirat de Granada">Emirat de Granada</a> que sa conquista marquèt la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>. Aquò renforcèt una politica religiosa, començada en <a href="/wiki/1478" class="mw-redirect" title="1478">1478</a> amb la creacion d'una <a href="/wiki/Inquisicion" title="Inquisicion">Inquisicion</a> espanhòla, fòrça repressiva còntra lei non crestians. Ansin, en 1492, lei Josieus dau reiaume deguèron «&#160;chausir&#160;» entre la conversion ò l'expulsion. En <a href="/wiki/1502" class="mw-redirect" title="1502">1502</a>, foguèt lo torn dei musulmans de <a href="/wiki/Castelha" title="Castelha">Castelha</a> (levat de Granada) puei d'aquelei d'Aragon en <a href="/wiki/1526" class="mw-redirect" title="1526">1526</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1568" class="mw-redirect" title="1568">1568</a>, aquela politica entraïnèt una revòuta massiva dei musulmans de Granada que foguèt esquichada. Enfin, entre <a href="/wiki/1609" class="mw-redirect" title="1609">1609</a> e <a href="/wiki/1614" class="mw-redirect" title="1614">1614</a>, lei musulmans foguèron expulsats d'Espanha. </p><p>En fòra de l'annexion dei darrierei regions musulmans de la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/1492" class="mw-redirect" title="1492">1492</a> foguèt tanben l'annada de la descubèrta d'<a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a> per <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B2l_Colomb" title="Cristòl Colomb">Cristòl Colomb</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1494" class="mw-redirect" title="1494">1494</a>, Espanha capitèt de s'assegurar la sobeiranetat — fòrça teorica — sus lei tèrras novèlas e acomencèt de lei conquistar. Aprofichant lei divisions politicas localas, lei desvastacions causadas per lei <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiás</a> novèlas vengudas d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> e sa superiotat tecnologica (<a href="/wiki/Arma_de_fu%C3%B2c" title="Arma de fuòc">arma de fuòc</a>), leis Espanhòus capitèron de conquistar leis <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_ast%C3%A8ca" title="Civilizacion astèca">estats astècs</a> en <a href="/wiki/1521" class="mw-redirect" title="1521">1521</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Inca">Empèri Incà</a> en <a href="/wiki/1533" class="mw-redirect" title="1533">1533</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e la màger part dei <a href="/wiki/Ciutat-estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciutat-estat">ciutats-estats</a> <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_maia" title="Civilizacion maia">maias</a> entre <a href="/wiki/1520" class="mw-redirect" title="1520">1520</a> e <a href="/wiki/1547" class="mw-redirect" title="1547">1547</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Puei, l'expansion espanhòla contunièt en <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> (conquista dei <a href="/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas">Filipinas</a> dins leis annadas 1560) e sus lo rèsta dau continent american, especialament en <a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a> dau Sud. Enterin, divèrsei pòrts arabis de Mediterranèa foguèt tanben atacats e ocupats coma Melilla (<a href="/wiki/1497" class="mw-redirect" title="1497">1497</a>) ò <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a> (<a href="/wiki/1509" class="mw-redirect" title="1509">1509</a>). Espanha èra d'ara venguda una poissança mondiala majora — basada sus la poissança economica dei jaciments d'aur americans — qu'agantèt son apogèu durant lei rèines de <a href="/wiki/Carles_Quint" title="Carles Quint">Carles Quint</a> (<a href="/wiki/1516" class="mw-redirect" title="1516">1516</a>-<a href="/wiki/1555" class="mw-redirect" title="1555">1555</a>) e de <a href="/wiki/Felip_II_d%27Espanha" title="Felip II d&#39;Espanha">Felipe II d'Espanha</a> (<a href="/wiki/1556" class="mw-redirect" title="1556">1556</a>-<a href="/wiki/1598" class="mw-redirect" title="1598">1598</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Iberian_Union_Empires.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Iberian_Union_Empires.png/220px-Iberian_Union_Empires.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Iberian_Union_Empires.png/330px-Iberian_Union_Empires.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Iberian_Union_Empires.png/440px-Iberian_Union_Empires.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Territòris contraròtlats per Felipe II coma rèi d'Espanha (roge) e coma rèi de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (blau).</figcaption></figure> <p>D'efècte, <a href="/wiki/Carles_Quint" title="Carles Quint">Carles Quint</a> capitèt d'unificar lei territòris espanhòus amb aquelei — alemands e austrians — de l'Ostau Habsborg. Premier prince europèu, se turtèt a l'oposicion acarnada de la <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> de <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s_I%C3%A8r_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Francés Ièr de França">Francés I<sup>èr</sup></a> mai capitèt de rompre leis ambicions francesas en <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>. En revènge, poguèt pas sometre França que contunièt d'assaiar de rompre la dominacion espanhòla en Euròpa. Après son abdicacion, foguèt remplaçat en Espanha, en <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> e ai <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a> per Felipe II<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. En <a href="/wiki/1580" class="mw-redirect" title="1580">1580</a>, i foguèt apondut <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, sei colonias e son comèrci d'espècias après la mòrt sensa eiretier de son rèi e l'adopcion d'una union personala entre lei coronas espanhòla e portuguesa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_declin_d'Espanha"><span id="Lo_declin_d.27Espanha"></span>Lo declin d'Espanha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo declin d&#039;Espanha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo declin d&#039;Espanha"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_declin_dei_Habsborg_d'Espanha_e_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d'Espanha"><span id="Lo_declin_dei_Habsborg_d.27Espanha_e_la_Gu.C3.A8rra_de_Succession_d.27Espanha"></span>Lo declin dei Habsborg d'Espanha e la Guèrra de Succession d'Espanha</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo declin dei Habsborg d&#039;Espanha e la Guèrra de Succession d&#039;Espanha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo declin dei Habsborg d&#039;Espanha e la Guèrra de Succession d&#039;Espanha"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Gu%C3%A8rra_Ibericas_de_1640_a_1668.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gu%C3%A8rra_Ibericas_de_1640_a_1668.png/220px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Ibericas_de_1640_a_1668.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gu%C3%A8rra_Ibericas_de_1640_a_1668.png/330px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Ibericas_de_1640_a_1668.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Gu%C3%A8rra_Ibericas_de_1640_a_1668.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Guèrras dins la Peninsula Iberica de <a href="/wiki/1640" class="mw-redirect" title="1640">1640</a> a <a href="/wiki/1668" class="mw-redirect" title="1668">1668</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A partir de la fin dau sègle XVI, Espanha acomencèt de subir una tièra de desfachas que minèron rapidament sa poissança. Dins l'encastre dau desvolopament de la <a href="/wiki/Reforma" title="Reforma">Reforma</a> protestanta, Felipe II assaièt de se pausar coma lo defensor dau <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolicisme</a> e mau contentèt leis estats e sei subjèctes protestants. En <a href="/wiki/1581" class="mw-redirect" title="1581">1581</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">Províncias Unidas</a> se proclamèron independentas e la guèrra navala començada còntra l'<a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Anglatèrra</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglicanisme" title="Anglicanisme">anglicana</a> s'acabèt per una revirada en <a href="/wiki/1588" class="mw-redirect" title="1588">1588</a>. Dins leis annadas 1620, lo país s'engatjèt dins la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Trenta_Ans" title="Guèrra de Trenta Ans">Guèrra de Trenta Ans</a> que s'acabèt tornarmai per una desfacha espanhòla ai <a href="/wiki/Tractats_de_Vestf%C3%A0lia" title="Tractats de Vestfàlia">tractats de Vestfàlia</a> (reconóissança de l'independéncia dei Províncias Unidas en <a href="/wiki/1648" class="mw-redirect" title="1648">1648</a>) e au <a href="/wiki/Tractat_dels_Piren%C3%A8us" title="Tractat dels Pirenèus">tractat dei Pirenèus</a> (pèrda de Rossilhon annexat per <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> en <a href="/wiki/1658" class="mw-redirect" title="1658">1658</a>). Enterin, divèrsei guèrras se debanèron dins la peninsula còntra <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> que restaurèt son independéncia en <a href="/wiki/1649" class="mw-redirect" title="1649">1649</a> e còntra <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a> que faguèt secession sensa succès. Enfin, Espanha foguèt la victima principala de l'expansion francesa menada per <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_XIV_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís XIV de França">Loís XIV</a>. </p><p>La situacion s'agravèt a la fin dau sègle XVII quand lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Carles_II_d%27Espanha" title="Carles II d&#39;Espanha">Carles II</a> moriguèt sensa eiretier. D'efècte, leis Espanhòus chausiguèron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felipe_V_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Felipe V d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Felipe V</a> un eiretier de <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_XIV_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís XIV de França">Loís XIV</a> coma rèi menaçant de permetre una unificacion entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> — alora premiera poissança mondiala — e Espanha — premiera poissança coloniala — èra pas acceptabla per leis autrei poissanças europèas. Una <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Succession_d%27Espanha" title="Guèrra de Succession d&#39;Espanha">guèrra lònga e saunosa de 1701 a 1714</a> s'acabèt per un compromés&#160;: Felipe V demorèt rèi d'Espanha mai deguèt renonciar au tròne de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e perdiguèt lei territòris espanhòus d'Itàlia (ocupats per lo candidat austrian a la corona d'Espanha), Gibraltar e Menòrca (annexats per <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>). Deguèt tanben tornarmai sometre Barcelona e sa region en seccession dempuei <a href="/wiki/1705" class="mw-redirect" title="1705">1705</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_declin_dau_sègle_dei_Lutz_e_lei_dificultats_dau_periòde_revolucionari"><span id="Lo_declin_dau_s.C3.A8gle_dei_Lutz_e_lei_dificultats_dau_peri.C3.B2de_revolucionari"></span>Lo declin dau sègle dei Lutz e lei dificultats dau periòde revolucionari</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo declin dau sègle dei Lutz e lei dificultats dau periòde revolucionari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo declin dau sègle dei Lutz e lei dificultats dau periòde revolucionari"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après la fin de la Guèrra de Succession d'Espanha, Felipe V renoncièt pas ai territòris italians de la corona espanhòla. Gràcias a una diplomacia fòrça activa e a una reorganizacion de la flòta e de l'armada, capitèt de reconquistar lo ducat de Parma (<a href="/wiki/1731" class="mw-redirect" title="1731">1731</a>) puei <a href="/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Sicília">Sicília</a> e <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A0pols" title="Nàpols">Nàpols</a> (<a href="/wiki/1734" class="mw-redirect" title="1734">1734</a>). Poguèt pas annexar dirèctament aquelei territòris que formèron un reiaume distint. En Espanha, sei successors assaièron sensa succès de contuniar sa politica de reformas en causa de la manca de sostèn popular a la politica novèla. Lo país declinèt donc lentament dins lo corrent dau sègle dei Lutz. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1793" class="mw-redirect" title="1793">1793</a>, participèt a la Coalicion opausada a la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Francesa" title="Revolucion Francesa">Revolucion Francesa</a> mai sei fòrças foguèron rapidament desfachas e la patz signada. En <a href="/wiki/1796" class="mw-redirect" title="1796">1796</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> cambièt d'aliança au profiech de la França Revolucionària per reconquistar Gibraltar. Pasmens, en fòra d'una guèrra frontaliera amb <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> — aliat tradicionau deis Anglés — aquela aliança aguèt ges de resultat. Au contrari, en <a href="/wiki/1805" class="mw-redirect" title="1805">1805</a>, la signatura d'una convencion navala francoespanhòla entraïnèt la destruccion de sa flòta a <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Trafalgar" title="Batalha de Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a>. Puei, lei relacions se desgradèron amb <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon I<sup>èr</sup></a> e França ocupèt Espanha en <a href="/wiki/1808" class="mw-redirect" title="1808">1808</a>. Aquò foguèt l'acomençaça de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha" title="Guèrra d&#39;Espanha">Guèrra d'Espanha</a> còntra l'ocupacion francesa que s'acabèt per una victòria mai causèt de pèrdas e de destruccions considerablas dins lo reiaume. En <a href="/wiki/1814" class="mw-redirect" title="1814">1814</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_VII_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand VII d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Ferdinand VII</a> poguèt i restablir aisament l'autoritat dei Borbons. Pasmens, la desfacha continentala de 1808 demeniguèt lo prestigi espanhòu e favorizèt lei movements independentistas dins lei colonias d'America. Après una tièra de reviradas suplementàrias, Espanha perdiguèt la màger part de son empèri e gardèt en <a href="/wiki/1825" class="mw-redirect" title="1825">1825</a> solament <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas">Filipinas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'instabilitat_dau_sègle_XIX"><span id="L.27instabilitat_dau_s.C3.A8gle_XIX"></span>L'instabilitat dau sègle XIX</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : L&#039;instabilitat dau sègle XIX" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L&#039;instabilitat dau sègle XIX"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maugrat la fin dei Guèrras Napoleoncas, Espanha aguèt gaire d'estabilitat politica durant lo sègle XIX en causa d'una succession de còps d'estat e d'insureccions. Lo premier se debanèt en <a href="/wiki/1820" class="mw-redirect" title="1820">1820</a> quand l'armada — bastion dei tendàncias liberalas espanhòlas fins ais annadas 1870 — prenguèt lo poder per installar un regime liberau que demorèt en plaça fins a una intervencion <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> en <a href="/wiki/1823" class="mw-redirect" title="1823">1823</a>, sostenguda per la <a href="/wiki/Santa_Alian%C3%A7a" title="Santa Aliança">Santa Aliança</a>. </p><p>Puei, dins leis annadas 1830, acomencèron lei crisis <a href="/wiki/Carlisme" title="Carlisme">carlistas</a> après la mòrt de Ferdinand. D'efècte, dins lo corrent de son rèine, aviá abolit la <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8i_salica" title="Lèi salica">lèi salica</a> permetent a una frema de lo remplaçar. Pasmens, aquela decision èra mau acceptada per una partida de la populacion. Ansin, en <a href="/wiki/1833" class="mw-redirect" title="1833">1833</a>, la filha de Ferdinand, <a href="/wiki/Isab%C3%A8l_II_d%27Espanha" title="Isabèl II d&#39;Espanha">Isabèu II</a> venguèt rèina d'Espanha mai son coronament foguèt refusat per lei partisans de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carles_de_Borbon_(1788-1845)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carles de Borbon (1788-1845) (la pagina existís pas)">Carles de Borbon</a> e de la lèi salica. La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Carlista&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Premiera Guèrra Carlista (la pagina existís pas)">Premiera Guèrra Carlista</a> (<a href="/wiki/1833" class="mw-redirect" title="1833">1833</a>-<a href="/wiki/1840" class="mw-redirect" title="1840">1840</a>) s'acabèt per una victòria malaisada d'Isabèu que deguèt demandar l'ajuda dei Francés e dei Britanics. Doas guèrras suplementàrias se debanèron en <a href="/wiki/1846" class="mw-redirect" title="1846">1846</a>-<a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a> e en <a href="/wiki/1872" class="mw-redirect" title="1872">1872</a>-<a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a> sensa mai de succès per lei carlistas. </p><p>Per faciar la pression carlista, la <a href="/wiki/Monarquia" title="Monarquia">monarquia</a> espanhòla assaièt de se raprochar dei movements liberaus. Pasmens, aquela aliança mau capitèt de dirigir lo país d'un biais eficaç e foguèt reversat en <a href="/wiki/1868" class="mw-redirect" title="1868">1868</a> per un còp d'estat militar comandat per <a href="/wiki/Joan_Prim" title="Joan Prim">Joan Prim</a> que foguèt rapidament assassinat. L'objectiu dei militars èra de fondar una monarquia parlementària. Acomencèt un periòde de trèbols intèrnes (abdicacion d'<a href="/wiki/Amad%C3%A8u_I%C3%A8r_d%27Espanha" title="Amadèu Ièr d&#39;Espanha">Amadèu de Savòia</a> après un rèine cort de <a href="/wiki/1870" class="mw-redirect" title="1870">1870</a> a <a href="/wiki/1873" class="mw-redirect" title="1873">1873</a>, guèrra carlista, I<sup>èra</sup> Republica esquichada per lei militars, restauracion dau fiu d'Isabèu en <a href="/wiki/1874" class="mw-redirect" title="1874">1874</a>) que s'acabèt en <a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a> amb l'adopcion d'una <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a>. </p><p>Dins aquò, lo regime novèu se destrièt rapidament per la generalizacion dau clientelisme, de la corrupcion e de la frauda electorala. En <a href="/wiki/1898" class="mw-redirect" title="1898">1898</a>, Espanha foguèt donc totalament vencuda per leis <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d&#39;America">Estats Units d'America</a> après <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Ispanoestatsunidenca" class="mw-redirect" title="Guèrra Ispanoestatsunidenca">dètz setmanas de conflicte</a>. Perdiguèt <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas">Filipinas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'Espanha_modèrna"><span id="L.27Espanha_mod.C3.A8rna"></span>L'Espanha modèrna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : L&#039;Espanha modèrna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L&#039;Espanha modèrna"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Segonda_Republica_e_la_Guèrra_Civila"><span id="La_Segonda_Republica_e_la_Gu.C3.A8rra_Civila"></span>La Segonda Republica e la Guèrra Civila</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : La Segonda Republica e la Guèrra Civila" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Segonda Republica e la Guèrra Civila"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après sa desfacha de <a href="/wiki/1898" class="mw-redirect" title="1898">1898</a>, Espanha acomencèt de participar a la corsa ai colonias en <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. Pasmens, en causa de la feblessa de sei fòrças, limitèt seis ambicions a la region de <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> que foguèt partejat amb <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> obtenguèt lo nòrd e lo sud mentre que <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> ocupèt lo centre. Pasmens, l'armada espanhòla aguèt de dificultats importantas per conquistar sa zòna (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27Anoal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d&#39;Anoal (la pagina existís pas)">desfacha d'Anoal</a> en <a href="/wiki/1921" class="mw-redirect" title="1921">1921</a>) e la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_dau_Rif" title="Guèrra dau Rif">guèrra dau Rif</a> (<a href="/wiki/1921" class="mw-redirect" title="1921">1921</a>-<a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a>) s'acabèt en victòria solament gràcias a l'ajuda de l'armada francesa. </p><p>De son caire, la societat espanhòla conoguèt d'evolucions politicas importantas amb l'arribada d'idèas politicas novèlas (<a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">socialisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarquisme" title="Anarquisme">anarquisme</a>) e lo desvolopament de movements nacionalistas dins lei regions bascas e catalanas. A partir de <a href="/wiki/1917" class="mw-redirect" title="1917">1917</a>, la crisi economica causada per lei reduccions dau comèrci internacionau entraïnadas per la <a href="/wiki/Primi%C3%A8ra_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Primièra Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a> (<a href="/wiki/1914" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a>-<a href="/wiki/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a>) suscitèt de tensions socialas importantas. En <a href="/wiki/1923" class="mw-redirect" title="1923">1923</a>, un còp d'estat militar menat per lo generau <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera" title="Miguel Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a> assaièt d'establir un regime autoritari per assaiar d'acabar la crisi e de redreiçar l'economia dau país. Aguèt inicialament un sostèn larg (dei monarquistas moderats ai sindicats socialistas) mai son govèrn mau capitèt e s'afondrèt en <a href="/wiki/1930" class="mw-redirect" title="1930">1930</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha.png/220px-Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha.png/330px-Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha.png/440px-Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Espanha.png 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Esquèma generau de l'evolucion de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civiu_Espanh%C3%B2la" title="Guèrra Civiu Espanhòla">Guèrra Civila Espanhòla</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Après l'abdicacion d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfons_XIII_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfons XIII d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Alfons XIII</a> en <a href="/wiki/1931" class="mw-redirect" title="1931">1931</a>, la II<sup>a</sup> Republica foguèt proclamada e lei partits de senèstra, majoritaris dins lei Cortes cargats de preparar una constitucion, adoptèron de mesuras de reorganizacion de l'armada, de l'agricultura e dei relacions entre la glèisa e l'estat. Pasmens, lei divisions entre partits conservadors e progressistas empachèron de trobar un acòrd per adoptar una politica establa. Au contrari, lo desòrdre ganhèt la màger part dau país e la victòria dei partits de senèstra en <a href="/wiki/1936" class="mw-redirect" title="1936">1936</a> entraïnèt un còp d'estat militar sostengut per lei conservadors. Aquò foguèt lo començament de <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civiu_Espanh%C3%B2la" title="Guèrra Civiu Espanhòla">Guèrra Civila Espanhòla</a>. S'acabèt en <a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a> per la victòria de l'armada dirigida per lo generau <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a> sostenguda per l'<a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> <a href="/wiki/Faissisme" title="Faissisme">faissista</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Tresen_Reich" title="Tresen Reich">Alemanha Nazia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'Espanha_franquista"><span id="L.27Espanha_franquista"></span>L'Espanha franquista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : L&#039;Espanha franquista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L&#039;Espanha franquista"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Autoproclamat cap de l'estat per la durada de la guèrra, Franco demorèt en plaça fins a sa mòrt en <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>. Establiguèt un regime fòrça autoritari basat sus lei principis dau <a href="/wiki/Faissisme" title="Faissisme">faissisme</a> e sus la defensa dei valors tradicionalas de la societat espanhòla. Refusèt de participar a la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a> (<a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>-<a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>) mai Espanha foguèt isolat en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> après la desfacha nazia fins a la generalizacion de la logica diplomatica eissida de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a> que favorizèt un raprochament amb leis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a>. Puei, a partir deis annadas 1960, Franco acomencèt una politica de modernizacion economica que menacèt pauc a pauc son regime. A la fin deis annadas 1960, Franco deguèt acceptar la restauracion de la monarquia après sa mòrt e nomèt <a href="/wiki/Joan_Carles_I_d%27Espanha" title="Joan Carles I d&#39;Espanha">Joan Carles</a> coma successor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_restauracion_de_la_democracia">La restauracion de la democracia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : La restauracion de la democracia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La restauracion de la democracia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vengut rèi en <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Carles_I_d%27Espanha" title="Joan Carles I d&#39;Espanha">Joan Carles</a> adoptèt una politica de democratizacion d'Espanha. Fins a <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>, divèrsei reformas permetèron de fondar una monarquia parlementària e democratica maugrat de temptativas de còps d'estat menats sensa succès per de partisans d'una restauracion de l'Espanha franquista. En <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>, aquò permetèt a Espanha de venir membre de la <a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Comunautat Economica Europèa</a> puei de la Zòna Èuro en <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. Favorizèt lo desvolopament economic dau país que venguèt la cinquena poissança economica de l'Union après <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> e <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>. </p><p>En parallèl, Espanha adoptèt una politica en favor de l'autonòmia locala amb la creacion dei comunautats autonòmas localas entre <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> e <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>. Aquò permetèt de contentar certanei revendicacions nacionalistas. Pasmens, dins lo <a href="/wiki/Bascoat" title="Bascoat">País Basc</a> ò en <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a>, l'influéncia d'aquelei movements demora importanta. En particular, dempuei <a href="/wiki/2010" class="mw-redirect" title="2010">2010</a> e lo refús d'un estatut d'autonòmia avançada, de tensions fòrtas existisson entre <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> e <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, agravada en <a href="/wiki/2013" class="mw-redirect" title="2013">2013</a> per l'anóncia d'un referendum sus l'independéncia de Catalonha per la fin de <a href="/wiki/2014" class="mw-redirect" title="2014">2014</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala"><span id="Organizacions_politica_e_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacions politica e territòriala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacions politica e territòriala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacions politica e territòriala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_generala">Organizacion generala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion generala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion generala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espanha es una <a href="/wiki/Monarquia" title="Monarquia">monarquia</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucionala</a> <a href="/wiki/Democracia" title="Democracia">democratica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Partit_politic" title="Partit politic">multipartita</a> que seis institucions son regidas per la constitucion de <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>. Aplica lo <a href="/wiki/Separacion_dels_poders" title="Separacion dels poders">principi de separacion dei poders</a> executiu, legislatiu e judiciari. </p><p>L'executiu es dirigit per lo rèi d'Espanha e per lo cap dau govèrn. Lo premier es lo cap oficiau de l'estat e lo comandant suprèm dei fòrças armadas. Pasmens, son ròtle es subretot simbolic. En realitat, es lo cap dau govèrn qu'es cargat de la màger part dau poder executiu e de la definicion de la politica espanhòla. Lo Parlament es compausat de doas chambras que son lo Congrès dei Deputats elegits au sufragi universau dirèct e lo Senat que sei membres son elegits dirèctament ò designats indirèctament per lei regions. </p><p>Regardant l'organizacion politica de son territòri, Espanha es caracterizada per una descentralizacion importanta, en particular au profiech dei comunautats autonòmas. Aqueleis entitats presentan d'estatuts variats mai son competentas per tractar d'afaires importants, compres de seguritat ò de finanças. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poder_executiu">Poder executiu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Modificar la seccion : Poder executiu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Poder executiu"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo poder executiu es tengut per lo rèi e per lo cap dau govèrn dich president dau govèrn. Lo rèi fa ofici de cap de l'Estat e de cap de l'armada. Sei ròtles principaus son de designar lo cap dau govèrn (après designacion per lo Congrès) e de representar diplomaticament lo país, especialament dins l'encastre dei relacions amb <a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a>. Au sen dei províncias espanhòlas, es cargat de designar lei presidents deis autonòmias (totjorn après designacion per lo parlament locau). </p><p>Lo govèrn es compausat de son president, de vice presidents e de minisitres. Lo mandat dau president es de quatre annadas. Son ròtle principau es de dirigir la politica interiora e exteriora, l'administracion civila e la defensa. Tèn tanben un poder reglementari e es cargat de la gestion dau budget. Es responsable davans lo Congrès dei Deputats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poder_legislatiu">Poder legislatiu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Modificar la seccion : Poder legislatiu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Poder legislatiu"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo poder legislatiu es tengut per un Parlament <a href="/wiki/Bicamerisme" title="Bicamerisme">bicamerau</a>. Es compausat d'una chambra bassa dicha Congrès dei Deputats e formada de 350 deputats elegits au sufragi universau dirèct segon un sistèma proporcionau de lista. La durada dau mandat es de quatre annadas. Es tanben compausat d'una chambra auta dicha Senat qu'es formada de 264 senators elegits per lei províncias de peninsula (4 per cada província), per lei províncias insularas (3 per cada província) e per leis enclavas de Ceuta e Melilla (2 per cada enclava). Aquelei senators elegits dirèctament son completats per d'autrei senators elegits per lei parlaments regionaus (1 per cada parlament e un suplementari per un milion d'abitants). </p><p>Lei doas chambras a de poders diferents. Lo Congrès es cargat de l'iniciativa legislativa, dau contraròtle dau govèrn e dau vòte dei lèis. Dèu tanben vòtar lo budget e pòu reversar lo govèrn. De son caire, lo Senat a per drech principau la possibilitat de s'opausar ai decisions dau Congrès gràcias a un drech de vetò. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poder_judiciari">Poder judiciari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Modificar la seccion : Poder judiciari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Poder judiciari"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo poder judiciari espanhòu es tengut per divèrsei tribunaus superiors cargats d'afaires diferents organizats segon un ret nacionau piramidau. Lo Tribunau Constitucionau es ansin en carga deis afaires constitucionaus e dau contraròtle deis eleccions. Un Conseu Superior dau Poder Judiciari es cargat de la regulacion e de l'organizacion de la justícia. Enfin, existís un Tribunau Suprèm que s'ocupa deis afaires jutjats en apèu e de certaneis afaires grèus ò especializadas. Lei tribunaus inferiors son generalament fòrça especializats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_territòriala"><span id="Organizacion_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacion territòriala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion territòriala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion territòriala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Comunautat_auton%C3%B2mas_Espanha.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Comunautat_auton%C3%B2mas_Espanha.PNG/220px-Comunautat_auton%C3%B2mas_Espanha.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Comunautat_auton%C3%B2mas_Espanha.PNG/330px-Comunautat_auton%C3%B2mas_Espanha.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Comunautat_auton%C3%B2mas_Espanha.PNG/440px-Comunautat_auton%C3%B2mas_Espanha.PNG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Comunautat autonòmas d'Espanha.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'organizacion territòriala es basada sus una division entre <a href="/wiki/Comunautat_auton%C3%B2ma_d%27Espanha" title="Comunautat autonòma d&#39;Espanha">comunautats autonòmas</a> compausadas de <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Espanha" title="Província d&#39;Espanha">províncias</a>. A son torn, lei províncias son compausadas de comunas. D'autrei divisions existisson dins certaneis endrechs coma lei comarcas que son de gropaments de comunas. Aqueu descoptage es basat sus lei principis d'autonòmia dei comunautats autonòmas (compres financiera), de solidaritat entre lei diferentei comunautats e d'unitat politica e economica dau país. Es a dire que lei comunautats an una autonòmia locala importanta mai son obligadas de respectar divèrsei lèis nacionalas en matèria d'economia ò de politica. En particular, existís un fons nacionau per assegurar un equilibri financier entre lei comunautats gràcias a un sistèma de transferiment dei riquessas dei regions pus ricas vèrs lei pus pauras. </p><p>Lei drechs de cada comunautats pòdon variar car lo procès de creacion foguèt pas identic per totei lei comunautats. Per exemple, lo País Basc e Navarra an l'autonòmia financiera gràcias au mantenement dei cartas medievalas assegurant de poders particulars a aquelei regions. La creacion d'aquelei comunautats foguèt rapide après la fin dau franquisme per lei «&#160;nacionalitats istoricas&#160;» (<a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bascoat" title="Bascoat">Bascoat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a>) e lo drech foguèt estendut ais autrei regions espanhòlas que s'organizèron en comunautats entre <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> e <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>. </p><p>Regardant l'organizacion intèrna, cada comunautats dèu adoptar un sistèma democratic. Sa basa es generalament un parlament que son nom varia segon l'endrech (Generalitat en <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a>, Junta General en Astúrias...). Maugrat lei diferéncias entre regions, lei comunautats an generalament de competéncias per organizar son sistèma de santat e d'educacion, adoptar sa politica urbana, organizar una fòrça de <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia" title="Polícia">polícia</a> locala, adoptar un còde civiu regionau, definir de lengas oficialas suplementàrias. Lei domenis de l'estat centrau son lei relacions internacionalas, la defensa, l'administracion de la <a href="/wiki/Just%C3%ADcia" title="Justícia">justícia</a>, lo comèrci, lei legislacions criminala e economicas, leis afaires financiers generaus, la legislacion generala, la coordenacion generala dei politicas e lo dèute public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Questions_regionalistas_e_independentistas">Questions regionalistas e independentistas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Modificar la seccion : Questions regionalistas e independentistas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Questions regionalistas e independentistas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Divèrsei formas de regionalisme existisson en Espanha. Revendican l'idèa qu'Espanha sigue un estat format d'unei nacions diferentas. Lei movements moderats defendon generalament aqueleis identitats localas sènsa contestar lo mantenement de l'unitat espanhòla. Lei movements pus radicaus defendon lo drech a l'autodeterminacion d'aquelei pòbles. Dins la practica, certanei movements mesclan lei doas tendàncias. </p><p>Aquelei movements son fòrts dins lei regions perifericas que formèron a passat temps d'estats independents ò autonòms e an gardat la sieuna lenga (<a href="/wiki/Bascoat" title="Bascoat">Bascoat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navarra" class="mw-disambig" title="Navarra">Navarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%ADcia" title="Galícia">Galícia</a>...). Pasmens, n'existís dins de regions istoricas dau reiaume de Castelha coma <a href="/wiki/Andalosia" title="Andalosia">Andalosia</a>. Dins dos cas, aquelei movements an una importància primordiala. Lo premier es <a href="/wiki/Bascoat" title="Bascoat">Bascoat</a> que foguèt marcat per la guèrra lònga (<a href="/wiki/1958" class="mw-redirect" title="1958">1958</a>-<a href="/wiki/2011" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>) menada per lo movement armat <a href="/wiki/ETA" class="mw-redirect" title="ETA">ETA</a> revendicant l'independéncia de la region. Lo segond es <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a> qu'a decidit d'organizar un referendum sus son independéncia per la fin de <a href="/wiki/2014" class="mw-redirect" title="2014">2014</a> maugrat l'oposicion dau govèrn centrau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa">Afaires estrangiers e defensa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Modificar la seccion : Afaires estrangiers e defensa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Afaires estrangiers e defensa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afaires_estrangiers">Afaires estrangiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32" title="Modificar la seccion : Afaires estrangiers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Afaires estrangiers"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espanha participa ai principaleis organizacions internacionalas (<a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a>, <a href="/wiki/OMC" class="mw-redirect" title="OMC">OMC</a>...) e regionalas (<a href="/wiki/UE" class="mw-redirect" title="UE">UE</a>, <a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a>...). Sa diplomacia es caracterizada per tres axes principaus que son la participacion a l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> e ai liames transatlantics, lo desvolopament de relacions bònas amb lei país <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">mediterranèus</a> e lo renfòrçament dei liames amb lei país <a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2u" title="Espanhòu">ispanofòns</a>. </p><p>La participacion a l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> e l'aliança amb leis <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d&#39;America">Estats Units d'America</a> son l'axe pus important de la diplomacia internacionala de <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. Ansin, lo govèrn espanhòu se representa coma un aliat fidèu de <a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a> e alinha generalament<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sa politica estrangiera sus aquela deis Estats Units (sostèn e participacion a la guèrra d'Iraq, participacion a aquela d'Afganistan... etc). Regardant lo renfòrçament dei relacions entre país <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">mediterranèus</a>, Espanha se concentra magerament sus <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a> que lei relacions son de còps marridas entre lei dos estats en causa de divèrsei questions deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enclava&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enclava (la pagina existís pas)">enclavas</a> de Ceuta e Melilla, de l'imigracion e de <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Occidental" title="Sahara Occidental">Sahara Occidentau</a>. Enfin, pertocant lei liames amb <a href="/wiki/Ispanoamerica" title="Ispanoamerica">Ispanoamerica</a>, an un ròtle important dins leis afaires estrangiers espanhòus car son considerats coma un factor de desvolopament economic per lo país. Per aquò, doas politicas parallèlas son menadas per promòure e defendre la lenga espanhòla e encoratjar lei cambis economics. </p><p>En fòra dei questions frontalieras amb <a href="/wiki/Marr%C3%B2c" title="Marròc">Marròc</a>, existís tanben de territòris contestats amb <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. Lo premier regarda la sobeiranetat sus la comuna d'Olivença qu'es revendicada per <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> mai administrada per Espanha. Pasmens, lei temptativas portuguesas per faire reconóisser sei drechs son gaire activas. Lo segond es pus important e regarda leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illas_Selvagens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Illas Selvagens (la pagina existís pas)">illas Selvagens</a>, una archipèla situada dins leis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Can%C3%A0rias" title="Illas Canàrias">illas Canàrias</a>, que sa situacion es invèrsa. Son administradas per <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> e revendicadas per Espanha. Entraïnèt cada annada l'intercepcion d'unei naviris per la marina portuguesa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fòrças_armadas"><span id="F.C3.B2r.C3.A7as_armadas"></span>Fòrças armadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33" title="Modificar la seccion : Fòrças armadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Fòrças armadas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espanha fa partida de l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> dempuei <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> qu'es lo fondament de la defensa dau país. En <a href="/wiki/2012" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a>, lei fòrças armadas espanhòlas alinhavan 123&#160;000 militars professionaus amb un budget de 6,3 miliards de dolars. Èran devesits entre de compausantas terrèstra (75&#160;000 òmes), aeriana (20&#160;000 òmes) e navala (21&#160;000 òmes) equipadas d'armaments modèrnes. Lei principaus èran 327 <a href="/wiki/Carri_de_combat" title="Carri de combat">carris de combat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leopard_II" title="Leopard II">Leopard II</a> A4 e A6), mai de 2&#160;100 veïculs blindats de combat, 192 pèças d'<a href="/wiki/Artilhari%C3%A1" title="Artilhariá">artilhariá</a> pesuca, aperaquí 153 <a href="/wiki/Aeronau" title="Aeronau">aeronaus</a> de combat e 56 naviris (compres un naviri amfibí utilizat tanben coma <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rta-avions" title="Pòrta-avions">pòrta-avions</a> leugier, 2 naviris de transpòrt, 11 <a href="/wiki/Fregata_(naviri)" title="Fregata (naviri)">fregatas</a> e 3 <a href="/wiki/Sosmarin" title="Sosmarin">sosmarins</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflictes_intèrnes"><span id="Conflictes_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Conflictes intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34" title="Modificar la seccion : Conflictes intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Conflictes intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dins lo corrent de la segonda mitat dau sègle XX e lo començament dau sègle XXI, Espanha conoguèt unei conflictes intèrnes d'intensitat bassa opausant lei govèrns centraus successius a de movements d'extrema drecha, d'extrema senèstra e independentistas. Lo pus important èra la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Bascoat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra de Bascoat (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrra de Bascoat</a> (<a href="/wiki/1958" class="mw-redirect" title="1958">1958</a>-<a href="/wiki/2011" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>) que causèt la mòrt d'aperaquí un milièr de personas. S'acabèt en <a href="/wiki/2011" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a> après la decision de l'organizacion indepentista basca <a href="/wiki/ETA" class="mw-redirect" title="ETA">ETA</a> d'arrestar la lucha armada. Pasmens, n'existiguèt d'autrei en <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a> (fins ais annadas 1990) e còntra lo movement maoista GRAPO (un centenau de tuats de <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> a <a href="/wiki/2008" class="mw-redirect" title="2008">2008</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=35" title="Modificar la seccion : Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Economia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Economia_d%27Espanha" title="Economia d&#39;Espanha">Economia d'Espanha</a>.</div> <p>Dempuei son intrada au sen de l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a> en <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>, Espanha es venguda un país desvolopat e la 5<sup>a</sup> poissança economica de l'Union après <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> e <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> amb un <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> egau a 1&#160;352 miliards de dolars en <a href="/wiki/2012" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a>. En particular, conoguèt una creissença economica anuala d'aperaquí 3,8% sus lo periòde 1997-2007. Pasmens, entraïnèt tanben la formacion d'una bofiga especulativa fòrça importanta dins lo sector de la construccion immobiliària. La crisi financiera començada en <a href="/wiki/2008" class="mw-redirect" title="2008">2008</a> causèt l'afondrament d'aqueu sector e d'unei partidas de l'economia espanhòla. En <a href="/wiki/2011" class="mw-redirect" title="2011">2011</a>, lo taus de caumatge agantèt 26% de la populacion activa e lo govèrn adoptèt divèrsei mesuras fòrça duras per restaurar sa competitivitat amb la disparicion ò la demenicion d'unei drechs sociaus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sector_primari">Sector primari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=36" title="Modificar la seccion : Sector primari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sector primari"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Espanha_-_Agricultura.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Espanha_-_Agricultura.png/220px-Espanha_-_Agricultura.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Espanha_-_Agricultura.png/330px-Espanha_-_Agricultura.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Espanha_-_Agricultura.png/440px-Espanha_-_Agricultura.png 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>Esquèma generau de l'agricultura espanhòla.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/2012" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Sector_primari" title="Sector primari">sector primari</a> representava 4,2% deis emplechs e 3,1% dau <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a>. L'<a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> permet pas d'assegurar l'auto-suficiéncia alimentara dau país e dèu faciar una manca frequenta d'<a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aiga</a>, de tenements sovent pauc druds e d'altituds autas. Aquò entraïna la formacion de regions agricòlas — e de produccions — variadas. Lo nivèu de modernizacion dei tecnicas agricòlas presenta tanben de variacions importantas segon l'endrech. </p><p>Lei culturas principalas son l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%92rdi" title="Òrdi">òrdi</a> (4<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), lo <a href="/wiki/Blat" title="Blat">blat</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Milh" title="Milh">gròs blat</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Beta_vulgaris" title="Beta vulgaris">bleda-raba</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">sucre</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Tartifla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartifla">tartifla</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Vin" title="Vin">vin</a> (3<sup>en</sup>), l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%92li_d%27oliva" title="Òli d&#39;oliva">òli d'oliva</a> (1<sup>en</sup>), leis agrumes (1<sup>èr</sup> exportator mondiau d'<a href="/wiki/Irange" title="Irange">aranges</a>, lei <a href="/wiki/Fruch" title="Fruch">fruchs</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/Legum" title="Legum">èrbas</a>, lo norigatge de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rc" class="mw-redirect" title="Pòrc">pòrcs</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Ovis_aries" title="Ovis aries">ovins</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Bos_taurus" title="Bos taurus">bovins</a>. Una partida importanta d'aquelei produccions es destinada a l'exportacion vèrs leis autrei país de l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a>. </p><p>Espanha a tanben de ressorsas naturalas diversificadas mai generalament sota la forma de jaciments limitats ò gaire concentrats. Ansin, maugrat la preséncia d'un centenau de <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">mineraus</a> sus son territòri, solament 17 èran esplechats en <a href="/wiki/2009" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a>. Lei produccions principalas regardavan lo <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Coire" title="Coire">coire</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Estam" class="mw-redirect" title="Estam">estam</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">plomb</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element)">mercuri</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8n" title="Tungstèn">tungstèn</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Sal_(quimia)" title="Sal (quimia)">sau</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorita (la pagina existís pas)">fluorita</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sector_segondari">Sector segondari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=37" title="Modificar la seccion : Sector segondari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sector segondari"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Espanha_-_Industria_%26_Energia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Espanha_-_Industria_%26_Energia.png/220px-Espanha_-_Industria_%26_Energia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Espanha_-_Industria_%26_Energia.png/330px-Espanha_-_Industria_%26_Energia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Espanha_-_Industria_%26_Energia.png/440px-Espanha_-_Industria_%26_Energia.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption>Ressorsas naturalas e industria d'Espanha.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Sector_segondari" title="Sector segondari">sector segondari</a> espanhòu representava en <a href="/wiki/2012" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a> 26,3% dau <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> nacionau e 24% deis emplechs. Tres regions principalas — <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Bascoat" title="Bascoat">País Basc</a> — ne'n gropavan la màger part. Aquela <a href="/wiki/Industria" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industria</a> èra diversificada e desvolopada especialament dins lo tèxtil, la <a href="/wiki/Metallurgia" title="Metallurgia">metallurgia</a>, lo sector agroalimentari, la <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimia</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Construccion_navala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Construccion navala (la pagina existís pas)">construccion navala</a>, la produccion <a href="/wiki/Automobila" title="Automobila">automobila</a> (5<sup>en</sup> reng mondiau), la fabricacion de maquina otís, la produccion de materiaus de construccion, lo sector farmaceutic e l'equipament medicau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sector_terciari">Sector terciari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=38" title="Modificar la seccion : Sector terciari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sector terciari"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/2012" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Sector_terciari" title="Sector terciari">sector terciari</a> representava 70,7% dau <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> e 71,7% de la populacion activa. Es caracterizat per l'importància de l'administracion publica e dau <a href="/wiki/Torisme" title="Torisme">sector toristic</a>. D'efècte, Espanha es lo quatren país pus visita de la <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra">planeta</a> amb mai de 55 milions de toristas anuaus. Aqueu sector representava 11% dau PIB e un motor economic major per tota l'economia dau país, especialament dins lei regions situadas lòng de la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">Mar Mediterranèa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=39" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_d%27Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura d&#39;Espanha (la pagina existís pas)">Cultura d'Espanha</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arquitectura">Arquitectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=40" title="Modificar la seccion : Arquitectura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Arquitectura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'arquitectura es un art fòrça present en Espanha. D'efècte, lei premiereis òbras <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura">arquitecturalas</a> bastidas sus lo territòri de l'Espanha actuala apareguèron tre la <a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Preïstòria">Preïstòria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Megalit" title="Megalit">megalits</a>) e l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> anciana (construccions <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ltas" title="Cèltas">celticas</a> e ibericas). La conquista punica puei romana entraïnèron un desvolopament important dei vilas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emerita_Augusta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emerita Augusta (la pagina existís pas)">Emerita Augusta</a>) e deis infrastructuras (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aq%C3%BCeducte_de_Seg%C3%B2via&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqüeducte de Segòvia (la pagina existís pas)">pòrta-aiga de Segòvia</a>). </p><p>Per la seguida, la conquista <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmana</a> favorizèt lo desvolopament d'una arquitectura islamica caracterizada per la bastida de <a href="/wiki/Mosqueta" title="Mosqueta">mosquetas</a> (Granda Mosqueta de Còrdoa, Giralda de Sevilha...), de <a href="/wiki/Palais" title="Palais">palais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a>), de <a href="/wiki/Fortificacion" title="Fortificacion">fortalessas</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Tomba" title="Tomba">tombas</a> e d'infrastructuras urbanas (banhs publics...). D'aqueu temps, se desvolopèt au nòrd d'arts arquitecturaus d'origina crestiana (roman, gotic...) que foguèron influenciats per l'art islamic. Dins lei regions reconquistadas per lei reiaumes <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a>, se desvolopèt donc l'estil mudejar marcat per l'utilizacion de tecnicas ò de materiaus de construccion musulmans per la bastida d'edificis crestians. </p><p>Après la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, se desvolopèt fins a la fin dau sègle XVIII leis arts de la Renaissença, lo periòde barròc (catedrala de Granada), l'arquitectura coloniala espanhòla e lo neoclassic (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A8u_del_Prado" title="Musèu del Prado">Musèu del Prado</a>). Au sègle XIX, apareguèt divèrseis estils regionaus, especialament d'estils basats sus l'utilizacion de <a href="/wiki/Veire" title="Veire">veire</a>. Enfin, lo sègle XX foguèt dominat per lo modernisme catalan (<a href="/wiki/Sagrada_Familha" title="Sagrada Familha">Sagrada Familha</a> de <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a>) e l'arquitectura contemporanèa. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sagrada Familha, Barcelona"><img alt="Sagrada Familha, Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg/90px-Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg/135px-Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg/180px-Sagrada_Familia_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sagrada_Familha" title="Sagrada Familha">Sagrada Familha</a>, Barcelona</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cuenca_Catedral_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Catedrala de Cuenca"><img alt="Catedrala de Cuenca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cuenca_Catedral_2.JPG/120px-Cuenca_Catedral_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cuenca_Catedral_2.JPG/180px-Cuenca_Catedral_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cuenca_Catedral_2.JPG/240px-Cuenca_Catedral_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Catedrala de Cuenca</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cuenca_CasasColgadas1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Los Ostals Penjats, Cuenca"><img alt="Los Ostals Penjats, Cuenca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cuenca_CasasColgadas1.jpg/120px-Cuenca_CasasColgadas1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cuenca_CasasColgadas1.jpg/180px-Cuenca_CasasColgadas1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cuenca_CasasColgadas1.jpg/240px-Cuenca_CasasColgadas1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="1475" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Los Ostals Penjats, Cuenca</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Segovia_aqueducte1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="L&#39;aqüeducte de Segòvia"><img alt="L&#39;aqüeducte de Segòvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/4/47/Segovia_aqueducte1.JPG/120px-Segovia_aqueducte1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/4/47/Segovia_aqueducte1.JPG/180px-Segovia_aqueducte1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/4/47/Segovia_aqueducte1.JPG/240px-Segovia_aqueducte1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aq%C3%BCeducte_de_Seg%C3%B2via&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqüeducte de Segòvia (la pagina existís pas)">aqüeducte de Segòvia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ajuntament de Madrid"><img alt="Ajuntament de Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg/120px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg/180px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg/240px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ajuntament de Madrid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Merida_Roman_Theatre1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mérida"><img alt="Mérida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Merida_Roman_Theatre1.jpg/120px-Merida_Roman_Theatre1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Merida_Roman_Theatre1.jpg/180px-Merida_Roman_Theatre1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Merida_Roman_Theatre1.jpg/240px-Merida_Roman_Theatre1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3718" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mérida</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar_and_the_Ebro_River,_Zaragoza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saragossa"><img alt="Saragossa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar_and_the_Ebro_River%2C_Zaragoza.jpg/120px-Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar_and_the_Ebro_River%2C_Zaragoza.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar_and_the_Ebro_River%2C_Zaragoza.jpg/180px-Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar_and_the_Ebro_River%2C_Zaragoza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar_and_the_Ebro_River%2C_Zaragoza.jpg/240px-Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar_and_the_Ebro_River%2C_Zaragoza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saragossa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Toledo_de_la_Humanidad-_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toledo"><img alt="Toledo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Toledo_de_la_Humanidad-_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/120px-Toledo_de_la_Humanidad-_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Toledo_de_la_Humanidad-_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/180px-Toledo_de_la_Humanidad-_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Toledo_de_la_Humanidad-_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/240px-Toledo_de_la_Humanidad-_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5672" data-file-height="2517" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Toledo</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pintura_e_escultura">Pintura e escultura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=41" title="Modificar la seccion : Pintura e escultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Pintura e escultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Espanha aguèt mai d'un pintor famós dempuei lo començament dau sègle XVII e lo país es un centre major d'aquel art amb d'artistas coma <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Silva_y_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_de_Goya_y_Lucientes" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes">Francisco Goya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antoni_T%C3%A0pies" title="Antoni Tàpies">Antoni Tàpies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=42" title="Modificar la seccion : Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Literatura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo tèrme literatura espanhòla designa la literatura escricha en <a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2u" title="Espanhòu">espanhòu</a>. Pasmens, en Espanha, existís tanben a l'ora d'ara divèrsei literaturas escrichas dins d'autrei <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lengas</a> coma lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Basc" title="Basc">basc</a> ò lo <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A8c" title="Galèc">galèc</a>. Dins lei sègles precedents, existís tanben d'òbras escrichas dins de lengas ancianas ò ancianament parladas en Espanha coma lo <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> ò l'<a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabi</a>. Aquela literatura es un centre culturau major dempuei lei sègles XV e XVI e l'aparicion dau <a href="/wiki/Roman" title="Roman">roman</a> modèrne a l'inicitiava d'autors coma <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a> e son <a href="/wiki/Don_Quich%C3%B2te" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Quichòte">Don Quichòte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinèma"><span id="Cin.C3.A8ma"></span>Cinèma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=43" title="Modificar la seccion : Cinèma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cinèma"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coma per lei domenis culturaus precedents, Espanha es un centre de remarca dau <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A8ma" title="Cinèma">cinèma</a> mondiau e <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèu</a> maugrat de dificultats importantas dins lo corrent dau periòde <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">franquista</a> que foguèt marcat per l'exil d'unei realizators. Dos realizators, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> aguèron un ròtle important dins aqueu desvolopament amb d'actors venguts d'estelas mondialas coma <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Banderas" title="Antonio Banderas">Antonio Banderas</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz" title="Penélope Cruz">Penélope Cruz</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=44" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En espanhòl">(<abbr title="">es</abbr>)</span> <i>Historia de España, La monarquia Isabelina</i>, Juan Jose Abad, 1979, Círculo de Amigos de la Historia.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En espanhòl">(<abbr title="">es</abbr>)</span> <i>Historia del reinado de Felipe Segundo, rey de España (Tomo 1)</i>, D.Cayetano Rosell, 1856-1857, Establimento tipográfico de Mellado.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En espanhòl">(<abbr title="">es</abbr>)</span> <i>La España que conquistó al nuevo mundo,</i> Rodolfo Puiggrós, 1974, Corregidor.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En espanhòl">(<abbr title="">es</abbr>)</span> <i>Historia General de España (Tomo 1)</i> D.Iuan de Mariana, 1601, Pedro Rodriguez.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=45" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams extèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208205839/http://www.colegiosaofrancisco.com.br/novo/america_espanhola/america_espanhola_menu.html">America Espanhòla</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casareal.es">Casa Real de España</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eltiempo.growiktionary.org">El Tiempo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas"><span id="N.C3.B2tas"></span>Nòtas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=46" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La <a href="/wiki/Constitucion_espanh%C3%B2la_de_1978" title="Constitucion espanhòla de 1978">Constitucion Espanhòla</a> non estipula cap de nom oficiau per l'Estat, malgrat que lei noms Espanha, Estat espanhòl e Nacion espanhòla sián utilizats de faiçon intercambiabla dins lo document —«Espanha es un Estat sociau e democratic de drech» (article 1.1)— per referir lo nom dau país.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lo ministèri daus Afars estrangiers a mentretant establit en 1984 que lei denominacions d'Espanha e de Reiaume d'Espanha (en espanhòu dins l'original) son egalament valablas dins lei signaturas de tractats internacionaus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En revènge, lo mirandés es cooficiau dins certanei regions de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referéncias"><span id="Refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=47" title="Modificar la seccion : Referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanha&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2450626">.mw-parser-output span.default a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Lock_icon_blue.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.abonament a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.liure a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.limitat a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.pdf a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}</style><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF2023">Real Academia Española&#160;y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española.&#160;«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rae.es/dpd/espa%C3%B1ol">español</a></span>».&#32;<i>Diccionario panhispánico de dudas&#160;(2.ª edición, versión provisional)</i>,&#32;2023.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#123;&#123;&#123;c&#125;&#125;&#125;art._3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE{{{c}}}art._3_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREF">Constitucion Espanhòla, 1978</a>, art. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626"><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF27_de_decembre_de_1978">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229">Constitucion Espanhòla, Bulletin Oficial de l'Estat</a></span>».&#32; Corts Generalas,&#32;27 de decembre de 1978.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0212-033X">0212-033X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626"><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF27_de_decembre_de_1978">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229">Constitución Española, 1978, art. 5</a></span>»&#32;(en espanhòl).&#32;<i>Bulletin Oficial de l'Estat (BOE)</i>.&#32; Corts Generalas,&#32;27 de decembre de 1978.&#32;<i>www.boe.es</i>.&#32;<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0212-033X">0212-033X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSáinz_de_Robles1940"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sáinz de Robles</span>, Federico Carlos.&#160;¿Por qué es Madrid la capital de España?.&#32; Fenicia,&#32;1940.</span><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En espanhòl">(<abbr title="">es</abbr>)</span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.educacionyfp.gob.es/reinounido/dam/jcr:9f792c12-9ad9-4f51-b5f2-403bdd02bdc0/spanish-workshops-10062017-geografia-espana.pdf">Geografía de España Una lección básica para situar España.</a>", sus <i>www.educacionyfp.gob.es.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En espanhòl">(<abbr title="">es</abbr>)</span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/vangdata/20150402/54429637154/interactivo-creencias-y-practicas-religiosas-en-espana.html">Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España</a>", sus <i>www.lavanguardia.com.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span> E. Carbonell et al., <i>The first hominin of Europe</i>, Nature, vol. 452, p. 465-469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_de_Vilcabamba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume de Vilcabamba (la pagina existís pas)">reiaume de Vilcabamba</a> resistiguèt fins a <a href="/wiki/1572" class="mw-redirect" title="1572">1572</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Unei ciutats maias, isoladas dins la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jungla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jungla (la pagina existís pas)">jungla</a> continentala demorèron independentas. La darriera, <a href="/wiki/Tayasal" title="Tayasal">Tayasal</a>, foguèt conquistada en <a href="/wiki/1697" class="mw-redirect" title="1697">1697</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lei territòris austrians demorèron en revènge sota lo contraròtle de la branca austriana de l'Ostau Habsborg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lo limit principau dau govèrn espanhòu es lo refús de reconóisser l'independéncia de <a href="/wiki/Kosova" title="Kosova">Kosova</a> en crenhença d'encoratjar lei volontats independentistas sus lo sieu territòri.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dins l'encastre de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a>, Espanha èra ja pròcha dau blòt occidentau amb l'installacion de basas estatsunidencas sus son territòri.</span> </li> </ol> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" data-autocollapse-group="paleta" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_(COE)" title="Modèl:Paleta Païses d&#39;Euròpa (COE)"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_(COE)&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandièra: Euròpa"><img alt="Bandièra: Euròpa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/55px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/83px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/110px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> Païses d’Euròpa</span></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Union Europèa</span></a><br /><small>(27 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">Belgica</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre">Chipre</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia">Croàcia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A8nia" title="Eslovènia">Eslovènia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Espanha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A0ndia" title="Finlàndia">Finlàndia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(pa%C3%ADs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlanda (país)">Irlanda</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2nia" title="Letònia">Letònia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània">Lituània</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxemborg_(pa%C3%ADs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemborg (país)">Luxemborg</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">Païses Basses</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Republica Chèca">Republica Chèca</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Associacion_Europ%C3%A8a_de_Liure_Escambi" title="Associacion Europèa de Liure Escambi"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Associacion Europèa de Liure Escambi</span></a><br /><small>(4 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia">Islàndia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">Soïssa</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ac%C3%B2rdi_de_Liure_Escambi_Centreurop%C3%A8u&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Acòrdi de Liure Escambi Centreuropèu (la pagina existís pas)"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Acòrdi de Liure Escambi Centreuropèu</span></a><br /><small>(6 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia_e_Ercegovina" title="Bòsnia e Ercegovina">Bòsnia e Ercegovina</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Macedònia del Nòrd">Macedònia del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%A0via_(estat)" title="Moldàvia (estat)">Moldàvia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Los autres Estats europèus<br /><small>(o Estats qu'una partida n'es en Euròpa)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B2rra" title="Andòrra">Andòrra</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaitjan" title="Azerbaitjan">Azerbaitjan</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan">Cazacstan</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(Cauc%C3%A0s)" title="Georgia (Caucàs)">Georgia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reialme Unit</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sant_Marin" title="Sant Marin">Sant Marin</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Los autres territòris europèus<br /><small>(dependéncias o estat de la reconeissença parciala)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipre_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Chipre del Nòrd">Chipre del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coss%C3%B2va_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Cossòva del Nòrd">Cossòva del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gibartar" title="Gibartar">Gibartar</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illa_de_Man" title="Illa de Man">Illa de Man</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illas_Fer%C3%B2e" title="Illas Feròe">Illas Feròe</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illas_Normandas" title="Illas Normandas">Illas Normandas</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kosova" title="Kosova">Kosova</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria">Transnístria</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐hn8ht Cached time: 20241117175633 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.516 seconds Real time usage: 0.661 seconds Preprocessor visited node 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