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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Ендотермичен процес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ендотермичен процес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotermni_proces" title="Endotermni proces – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Endotermni proces" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothermer_Prozess" title="Endothermer Prozess – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Endothermer Prozess" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_endot%C3%A9rmico" title="Proceso endotérmico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proceso endotérmico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotermni_proces" title="Endotermni proces – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Endotermni proces" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksi_endoterm" title="Reaksi endoterm – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reaksi endoterm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_endotermico" title="Processo endotermico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Processo endotermico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эндотермикалық процестер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эндотермикалық процестер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoterminis_procesas" title="Endoterminis procesas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Endoterminis procesas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tindak_balas_endotermik" title="Tindak balas endotermik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tindak balas endotermik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotherm_proces" title="Endotherm proces – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Endotherm proces" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%86%B1" title="吸熱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="吸熱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_endot%C3%A9rmico" title="Processo endotérmico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Processo endotérmico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proces_endoterm" title="Proces endoterm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Proces endoterm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothermic_process" title="Endothermic process – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Endothermic process" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="حرارت گیر تعامل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حرارت گیر تعامل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1_tr%C3%ACnh_thu_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Quá trình thu nhiệt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quá trình thu nhiệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the physical effect. For self-maintained thermal homeostasis, see <a href="/wiki/Endotherm" title="Endotherm">Endotherm</a>.</div><p>An <b>endothermic process</b> is a chemical or physical process that absorbs heat from its surroundings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, it is a <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_process" title="Thermodynamic process">thermodynamic process</a> with an increase in the <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">enthalpy</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">H</span> (or <a href="/wiki/Internal_energy" title="Internal energy">internal energy</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">U</span>) of the system.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxtoby8th_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxtoby8th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an endothermic process, the heat that a system absorbs is <a href="/wiki/Thermal_energy" title="Thermal energy">thermal energy</a> transfer into the system. Thus, an endothermic reaction generally leads to an increase in the <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> of the system and a decrease in that of the surroundings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term was coined by 19th-century French chemist <a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Berthelot" title="Marcellin Berthelot">Marcellin Berthelot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>endothermic</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> ἔνδον (<i>endon</i>) meaning 'within' and θερμ- (<i>therm</i>) meaning 'hot' or 'warm'.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An endothermic process may be a chemical process, such as dissolving <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate" title="Ammonium nitrate">ammonium nitrate</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span>), or a physical process, such as the melting of <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> cubes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opposite of an endothermic process is an <a href="/wiki/Exothermic_process" title="Exothermic process">exothermic process</a>, one that releases or "gives out" energy, usually in the form of heat and sometimes as <a href="/wiki/Electrical_energy" title="Electrical energy">electrical energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, <i>endo</i> in endothermic refers to energy or heat going in, and <i>exo</i> in exothermic refers to energy or heat going out. In each term (endothermic and exothermic) the prefix refers to where heat (or electrical energy) goes as the process occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_chemistry">In chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endothermic_process&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/220px--22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="22._Ендотермна_реакција.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv/22._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The formation of <a href="/wiki/Barium_thiocyanate" title="Barium thiocyanate">barium thiocyanate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_thiocyanate" title="Ammonium thiocyanate">ammonium thiocyanate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barium_hydroxide" title="Barium hydroxide">barium hydroxide</a> is so endothermic that it can freeze a <a href="/wiki/Beaker_(lab_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker (lab equipment)">beaker</a> to wet <a href="/wiki/Styrofoam" title="Styrofoam">styrofoam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to bonds breaking and forming during various processes (changes in state, chemical reactions), there is usually a change in energy. If the energy of the forming bonds is greater than the energy of the breaking bonds, then energy is released. This is known as an exothermic reaction. However, if more energy is needed to break the bonds than the energy being released, energy is taken up. Therefore, it is an <b>endothermic reaction</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endothermic_process&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whether a process can occur spontaneously depends not only on the <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">enthalpy</a> change but also on the <a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">entropy</a> change (<span class="texhtml">∆<i>S</i></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature" title="Thermodynamic temperature">absolute temperature</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">T</span>. If a process is a <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_process" title="Spontaneous process">spontaneous process</a> at a certain temperature, the products have a lower <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_free_energy" title="Thermodynamic free energy">Gibbs free energy</a> <span class="texhtml"><i>G</i> = <i>H</i> – <i>TS</i></span> than the reactants (an <a href="/wiki/Exergonic_process" title="Exergonic process">exergonic process</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Oxtoby8th_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxtoby8th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even if the enthalpy of the products is higher. Thus, an endothermic process usually requires a <a href="/wiki/Entropy_production" title="Entropy production">favorable entropy increase</a> (<span class="texhtml">∆<i>S</i> > 0</span>) in the system that overcomes the unfavorable increase in enthalpy so that still <span class="texhtml">∆<i>G</i> < 0</span>. While endothermic <a href="/wiki/Phase_transition" title="Phase transition">phase transitions</a> into more disordered states of higher entropy, e.g. melting and vaporization, are common, spontaneous chemical processes at moderate temperatures are rarely endothermic.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The enthalpy increase<span class="texhtml"> ∆<i>H</i> ≫ 0</span> in a hypothetical strongly endothermic process usually results in <span class="texhtml">∆<i>G</i> = ∆<i>H</i> – <i>T</i>∆<i>S</i> > 0</span>, which means that the process will not occur (unless driven by electrical or photon energy). An example of an endothermic and exergonic process is </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6 + 6 H2O -> 12 H2 + 6 CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6 + 6 H2O -> 12 H2 + 6 CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b122ea677534ecfec0d5930942b3fdfaa0bc5cf3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:37.745ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6 + 6 H2O -> 12 H2 + 6 CO2}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta _{r}H^{\circ }=+627\ {\text{kJ/mol}},\quad \Delta _{r}G^{\circ }=-31\ {\text{kJ/mol}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>627</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kJ/mol</mtext> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>G</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>31</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kJ/mol</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta _{r}H^{\circ }=+627\ {\text{kJ/mol}},\quad \Delta _{r}G^{\circ }=-31\ {\text{kJ/mol}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68b46eaaed738086332cbd3a54e63eff6f78ba75" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.661ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta _{r}H^{\circ }=+627\ {\text{kJ/mol}},\quad \Delta _{r}G^{\circ }=-31\ {\text{kJ/mol}}}"></span>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endothermic_process&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">Evaporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)" title="Sublimation (phase transition)">Sublimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cracking_(chemistry)" title="Cracking (chemistry)">Cracking</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alkane" title="Alkane">alkanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_decomposition" title="Thermal decomposition">Thermal decomposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">Hydrolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleosynthesis" title="Nucleosynthesis">Nucleosynthesis</a> of elements heavier than <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> in stellar cores<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>High-energy neutrons can produce <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lithium-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium-7">lithium-7</a> in an endothermic process, consuming 2.466 <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a>. This was discovered when the 1954 <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bravo#High_yield" title="Castle Bravo">Castle Bravo</a> nuclear test produced an unexpectedly high yield.<sup id="cite_ref-ieer_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">Nuclear fusion</a> of elements heavier than <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> in <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dissolving together <a href="/wiki/Barium_hydroxide" title="Barium hydroxide">barium hydroxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinction_between_endothermic_and_endotherm">Distinction between endothermic and endotherm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endothermic_process&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distinction between endothermic and endotherm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The terms "endothermic" and "endotherm" are both derived from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc" style="font-style: normal;">ἔνδον</span></span> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">endon</i></span></i> "within" and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc" style="font-style: normal;">θέρμη</span></span> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">thermē</i></span></i> "heat", but depending on context, they can have very different meanings. </p><p>In physics, <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a> applies to processes involving a system and its surroundings, and the term "endothermic" is used to describe a reaction where energy is taken "(with)in" by the system (vs. an "exothermic" reaction, which releases energy "outwards").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In biology, <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">thermoregulation</a> is the ability of an <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organism</a> to maintain its body temperature, and the term "<a href="/wiki/Endotherm" title="Endotherm">endotherm</a>" refers to an organism that can do so from "within" by using the heat released by its internal bodily functions (vs. an "<a href="/wiki/Ectotherm" title="Ectotherm">ectotherm</a>", which relies on external, environmental heat sources) to maintain an adequate temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endothermic_process&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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