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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irish-born American military officer and politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Edward Hand</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Hand_(NYPL_b12349196-420212)_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Edward_Hand_%28NYPL_b12349196-420212%29_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Edward_Hand_%28NYPL_b12349196-420212%29_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Edward_Hand_%28NYPL_b12349196-420212%29_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Edward_Hand_%28NYPL_b12349196-420212%29_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Edward_Hand_%28NYPL_b12349196-420212%29_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Edward_Hand_%28NYPL_b12349196-420212%29_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2295" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1744-12-31</span>)</span>31 December 1744<br />Clyduff, <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">King's County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 1802<span style="display:none">(1802-09-03)</span> (aged 57)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rock_Ford_Plantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Ford Plantation">Rock Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">St. James's Episcopal Cemetery<br /> Lancaster, Pennsylvania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">United Kingdom of Great Britain</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service/branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/23px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/35px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Betsy_Ross_flag.svg/46px-Betsy_Ross_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General (United States)">Major General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Regiment_(1684%E2%80%931922)" title="Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)">Royal Irish Regiment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1st_Pennsylvania_Regiment" title="1st Pennsylvania Regiment">1st Pennsylvania Regiment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edward Hand</b> (31 December 1744 – 3 September 1802) was an Irish-born American military officer and politician who served in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, rising to the rank of general, and later was a member of several <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> governmental bodies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hand was born in Clyduff, King's County (now <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">County Offaly</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a>, on 31 December 1744, and was baptised in <a href="/wiki/Shinrone" title="Shinrone">Shinrone</a>. His father was John Hand. Among his immediate neighbours were the Kearney family, ancestors of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a descendant of either the families of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mag_Fhlaithimh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mag Fhlaithimh (page does not exist)">Mag Fhlaithimh</a> (of south <a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaidh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Meath" title="Kingdom of Meath">Mide</a>) or <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93_Flaithimh%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ó Flaithimhín (page does not exist)">Ó Flaithimhín</a> (of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADol_Muireadaigh" title="Síol Muireadaigh">Síol Muireadaigh</a>) who, through mistranslation (<i>Flaithimh</i>/<i>Flaithimhín</i> into <i>Láimhín</i>; <i>laimh</i> = <i>hand</i>), became <a href="/wiki/Lavin" title="Lavin">Lavin</a> or Hand.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hand earned a medical certificate from <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a>. In 1767, Hand enlisted as a Surgeon's Mate in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Regiment_(1684%E2%80%931922)" title="Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)">18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot</a>. On 20 May 1767, he sailed with the regiment from Cobh, Cork, Ireland, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> on 11 July 1767. In 1772, he was commissioned an ensign. He marched with the regiment to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania)" title="Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)">Fort Pitt</a>, on the forks of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>, returning to Philadelphia in 1774, where he resigned his commission. </p><p>In 1774, Hand moved to <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, where he practiced medicine. On 13 March 1775, he married Katherine Ewing (born 25 March 1751 in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>). Lancaster was the region of some of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scots-Irish</a> settlements in Pennsylvania. Hand was active in forming the Lancaster County <a href="/wiki/Associators" title="Associators">Associators</a>, a colonial <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a>. </p><p>Hand was a 32nd degree <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a>, belonging to the Montgomery Military Lodge number 14. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: American Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Hand entered the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> in 1775 as a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1st_Pennsylvania_Regiment" title="1st Pennsylvania Regiment">1st Pennsylvania Regiment</a> under Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_Thompson_(general)" title="William Thompson (general)">William Thompson</a>. He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a> in 1776 and placed in command of the 1st Continental (then designated the 1st Pennsylvania).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Promoted to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> in March 1777, he served as the commander of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania)" title="Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)">Fort Pitt</a>, fighting British loyalists and their Indian allies. He was recalled, after over two years at Fort Pitt, to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> commander in <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">La Fayette</a>'s division. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Correspondence_from_General_Edward_Hand_to_Major_General_John_Sullivan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Correspondence_from_General_Edward_Hand_to_Major_General_John_Sullivan.jpg/220px-Correspondence_from_General_Edward_Hand_to_Major_General_John_Sullivan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Correspondence_from_General_Edward_Hand_to_Major_General_John_Sullivan.jpg/330px-Correspondence_from_General_Edward_Hand_to_Major_General_John_Sullivan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Correspondence_from_General_Edward_Hand_to_Major_General_John_Sullivan.jpg/440px-Correspondence_from_General_Edward_Hand_to_Major_General_John_Sullivan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption>Letter from General Edward Hand,1779</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1778, Hand attacked the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> village <a href="/wiki/Kuskusky" title="Kuskusky">Kuskusky</a>, killing <a href="/wiki/Captain_Pipe" title="Captain Pipe">Captain Pipe</a>'s mother, brother, and a few of his children during a military campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Ohio_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Failing to distinguish among the Native American groups, Hand had attacked the neutral Lenape while trying to reduce the Indian threat to settlers in the Ohio Country, because other tribes, such as the Shawnee, had allied with the British. </p><p>Planning for a campaign against the Iroquois was already under way, and Hand’s frontier experience naturally recommended him as a participant. In the resulting <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan-Clinton Iroquois Expedition</a> (May-November 1779) through the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a> regions of New York, Edward Hand commanded the Third Brigade, composed of the Fourth and Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiments, the <a href="/wiki/German_Battalion" title="German Battalion">German Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Proctor_(general)" title="Thomas Proctor (general)">Proctor’s Artillery</a>, Captain James Parr’s Riflemen, Captain Anthony Selin’s Riflemen, and two Wyoming companies. The brigade composed the “Light Corps” of Sullivan’s army and formed its <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">vanguard</a>. The journals kept by the officers on the expedition indicate that Hand played a major role in the success of the campaign. When he rejoined his family in Lancaster at the close of the year he was thirty-five years old, the youngest of the brigadiers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a few months, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Adjutant_general" title="Adjutant general">Adjutant General</a> of the Continental Army and served during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown_(1781)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Yorktown (1781)">siege of Yorktown</a> in that capacity. In recognition of his long and distinguished service, he was, in September 1783, promoted by <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> to major general. He resigned from the Army in November 1783. </p><p>He was an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_Revolution">After the Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After the Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock_Ford_Plantation_Lancaster_Rear_3008px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rock_Ford_Plantation_Lancaster_Rear_3008px.jpg/350px-Rock_Ford_Plantation_Lancaster_Rear_3008px.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rock_Ford_Plantation_Lancaster_Rear_3008px.jpg/525px-Rock_Ford_Plantation_Lancaster_Rear_3008px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rock_Ford_Plantation_Lancaster_Rear_3008px.jpg/700px-Rock_Ford_Plantation_Lancaster_Rear_3008px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2974" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Hand's estate, <a href="/wiki/Rock_Ford_plantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Ford plantation">Rock Ford</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hand returned to Lancaster and resumed the practice of medicine. A <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a>, Hand was active in civil affairs, holding posts that included: </p> <ul><li>Chief Burgess of Lancaster</li> <li>Presidential elector</li> <li>Delegate to the convention for the 1790 Pennsylvania Constitution</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a>, 1784–1785</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania Assembly</a>, 1785–1786</li></ul> <p>Beginning in 1785, he owned and operated <a href="/wiki/Rock_Ford_Plantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Ford Plantation">Rock Ford plantation</a>, a 177-acre (0.72 km<sup>2</sup>) farm on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Conestoga_River" title="Conestoga River">Conestoga River</a>, one mile (1.6 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> brick mansion remains today; the farm is a historic site open to the public. Hand was also an <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaver</a>, owning several enslaved people, one of whom, Frank, ran away in 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hand is suspected to have died from typhoid, dysentery or pneumonia at Rock Ford in 1802. Medical records are unclear, but some sources state Hand died of cholera. There is no evidence Lancaster County suffered from a cholera epidemic in 1802. Hand is buried in St. James's Episcopal Cemetery in Lancaster, the same church where he had served as a deacon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejournal.ie/readme/shinrone-birthplace-and-resting-place-of-obamas-irish-ancestors/">Shinrone: birthplace and resting place of Obama’s Irish ancestors</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/surname/index.cfm?fuseaction=Go.&UserID=">Irish Ancestors/Surnames</a> (search "Lavin")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHannum" class="citation web cs1">Hannum, Patrick H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519024127/https://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/magazine/issues/2013/Oct-Dec/Hannum.html">"America's First Company Commanders"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/magazine/issues/2013/Oct-Dec/Hannum.html">the original</a> on 19 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+First+Company+Commanders&rft.aulast=Hannum&rft.aufirst=Patrick+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.benning.army.mil%2Finfantry%2Fmagazine%2Fissues%2F2013%2FOct-Dec%2FHannum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Hand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ohio-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ohio_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=98">"Konieschquanoheel"</a>, <i>Ohio History Central: An Online Encyclopedia of Ohio History</i>, 1999-2011, accessed 29 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pasocietyofthecincinnati.org/gallery_post/b-gen-edward-hand/">"B. Gen. Edward Hand"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B.+Gen.+Edward+Hand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpasocietyofthecincinnati.org%2Fgallery_post%2Fb-gen-edward-hand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Hand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.societyofthecincinnati.org">"The Society of the Cincinnati"</a>. <i>www.societyofthecincinnati.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.societyofthecincinnati.org&rft.atitle=The+Society+of+the+Cincinnati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.societyofthecincinnati.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Hand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicrockford.org/enslavement/">"Slavery & Servitude in Early Lancaster County | Historic Rock Ford"</a>. 25 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slavery+%26+Servitude+in+Early+Lancaster+County+%26%23124%3B+Historic+Rock+Ford&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricrockford.org%2Fenslavement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Hand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000153">Hand’s congressional biography</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6709798">"Edward Hand"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+Hand&rft.pub=Find+a+Grave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.findagrave.com%2Fmemorial%2F6709798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Hand" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockfordplantation.org">Rock Ford Plantation</a></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.hsp.org/collections/manuscripts/h/Hand0261.html">Edward Hand papers</a>, which cover Hand's military career during the 1770s and 1780s, are available for research use at the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrevolutioninstitute.org/soldiers-and-sailors-of-the-revolutionary-war/officers-represented-in-the-society-of-the-cincinnati/">American Revolution Institute</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scammel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Scammel">Alexander Scammel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Adjutant_Generals_of_the_U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Adjutant Generals of the U.S. Army">Adjutant Generals of the U. S. Army</a> </b><br />8 January 1781 – 3 November 1783 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_North" title="William North">William North</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000030884805">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/31105753">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/247587/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJh8HbtDt7ryVxPqDCgYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1081197854">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hand, Edward, 1744-1802"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88279823">United States</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000153">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1081197854.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10572761">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hv3fpk">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6b28621">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hand&oldid=1258545509">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hand&oldid=1258545509</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1744_births" title="Category:1744 births">1744 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