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id="toc-Introduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syllable_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syllable_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Syllable structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syllable_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Word_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Word_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Word formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inflectional_patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflectional_patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Inflectional patterns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inflectional_patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possessive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possessive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Possessive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possessive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Object" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Object"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.2</span> <span>Object</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Object-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progressive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progressive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.3</span> <span>Progressive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progressive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.4</span> <span>Plural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_word_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_word_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Basic word order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_word_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reduplication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduplication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reduplication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduplication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indigenous_vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Indigenous vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Loanwords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endangerment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endangerment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Endangerment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Endangerment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Endangerment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Endangerment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Materials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vitality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vitality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaianische_Sprache" title="Woleaianische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Woleaianische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaiera" title="Woleaiera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Woleaiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol%C3%A9a%C3%AFen" title="Woléaïen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Woléaïen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleajski_jezik" title="Woleajski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Woleajski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Woleaiano" title="Pagsasao a Woleaiano – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Woleaiano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Woleai" title="Bahasa Woleai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Woleai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_woleaiana" title="Lingua woleaiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua woleaiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwoleai" title="Kiwoleai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiwoleai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Волеаи кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Волеаи кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voleaj%C5%B3_kalba" title="Voleajų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Voleajų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Волеајски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волеајски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="ウォレアイ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォレアイ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaian" title="Woleaian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Woleaian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Woleaian" title="Lenga Woleaian – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Woleaian" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_woleai" title="Język woleai – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język woleai" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaiano" title="Woleaiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Woleaiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B8_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Волеаи (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волеаи (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleain_kieli" title="Woleain kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Woleain kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Woleaian</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Woleai" title="Woleai">Woleai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(1,600 cited 1987 census)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Nuclear Micronesian<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Chuukic_languages" title="Chuukic languages">Chuukic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Ulithian–Woleaian<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Woleaian</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Woleaian_syllabary" class="mw-redirect" title="Woleaian syllabary">Woleaian syllabary</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/woe" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:woe">woe</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wole1240">wole1240</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3328">Woleaian</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lang_Status_40-SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lang_Status_40-SE.svg/320px-Lang_Status_40-SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lang_Status_40-SE.svg/480px-Lang_Status_40-SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lang_Status_40-SE.svg/640px-Lang_Status_40-SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Woleaian is classified as Severely Endangered by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" title="Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Woleaian</b> is the main language of the island of <a href="/wiki/Woleai" title="Woleai">Woleai</a> and surrounding smaller islands in the state of <a href="/wiki/Yap" title="Yap">Yap</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>. Woleaian is a <a href="/wiki/Chuukic_languages" title="Chuukic languages">Chuukic language</a>. Within that family, its closest relative is <a href="/wiki/Satawalese_language" title="Satawalese language">Satawalese</a>, with which it is largely mutually intelligible. Woleaian is spoken by approximately 1700 people.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woleai has a <a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">writing system</a> of its own, a syllabary based on the Latin alphabet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most Woleaian speakers or Woleaians as they are more commonly known as are mostly found in the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, and the Central and Eastern <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>. More specifically most of the speakers are found in <a href="/wiki/Yap" title="Yap">Yap</a> State in Micronesia where Woleaian is considered an official language. Most Woleaian speakers are classified as Pacific Islanders and <a href="/wiki/Micronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Micronesian people">Micronesian</a> (People-In-Country Profile). The island of Yap is broken up into two parts: Yap Proper, which is made up of <a href="/wiki/Gagil" title="Gagil">Gagil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomil" title="Tomil">Tomil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fanif" title="Fanif">Fanif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weloy" title="Weloy">Weloy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rull" title="Rull">Rull</a>—and the Yap Outer Islands, which is made up of <a href="/wiki/Ulithi" title="Ulithi">Ulithi</a>, Faris/<a href="/wiki/Sorol" title="Sorol">Sorol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngulu_Atoll" title="Ngulu Atoll">Ngulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woleai" title="Woleai">Woleai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eauripik" title="Eauripik">Eauripik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ifalik" title="Ifalik">Ifalik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faraulep" title="Faraulep">Faraulap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elato" title="Elato">Elato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamotrek" title="Lamotrek">Lamotrek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satawal" title="Satawal">Satawal</a>. Aside from Woleaian, many speakers in Yap and other nearby places speak other languages, like <a href="/wiki/Yapese_language" title="Yapese language">Yapese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satawalese_language" title="Satawalese language">Satawalese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulithian_language" title="Ulithian language">Ulithian</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuukese_language" title="Chuukese language">Chuukese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosraean_language" title="Kosraean language">Kosraean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pingelapese_language" title="Pingelapese language">Pingelapese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pohnpeian_language" title="Pohnpeian language">Pohnpeian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mwoakilloan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwoakilloan">Mwoakilloan</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Asian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian language">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a> Languages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYap_Census_Report2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYap_Census_Report2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Woleaian language and culture is very important to the Woleaian people, as well as their history. The Woleaian history is passed down from generation to generation by storytelling. By doing so this helps to keep their language alive. As well as passing down their history, they also pass down their music, which is important to them. An important part of their culture is their clothing. Their clothing is so important to them that they have strict rules against wearing any type of western clothing. They also enjoy using canoes to get around instead of motorboats, and simple things like beautiful beaches and going fishing. They also enjoy working and spending time with their family and friends.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpark_Team_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpark_Team-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1987, a <a href="/wiki/Yap" title="Yap">Yap</a> Census was taken and reported that there were about 1,630 people speaking the language. 13 years later when the census was taken in 2000 there was an increase of speakers and about 5,000 people were speaking or knew the language. Of these 5,000 speakers about 4,500 of them spoke Woleaian as their first language and 500 of them as their second language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYap_Census_Report2002_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYap_Census_Report2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woleaian is classified as an: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul><li>Malayo-Polynesian <ul><li>Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian <ul><li>Eastern Malayo-Polynesian <ul><li>Oceanic <ul><li>Central-Eastern Oceanic <ul><li>Remote Oceanic <ul><li>Micronesian <ul><li>Micronesian Proper <ul><li>Chuukic-Pohnpeic <ul><li>Chuukic language (Woleaian)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woleaian has <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">geminate</a> (long) consonants and vowels. </p><p>In the orthography of Sohn (1975),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with a few approximations in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>, the inventory is, </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Labialized" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialized">labialized</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨p⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Geminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminate">geminate</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">pː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨pp⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">pːʷ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨bb⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">tː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨tt⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">kː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨k⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ɸʷ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨sh⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Geminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminate">geminate</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">fː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ff⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">sː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ss⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">mʷ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨mw⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Geminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminate">geminate</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">mː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨mm⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">mːʷ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨mmw⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">nː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨nn⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowel</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note that both <i>sh</i> and <i>r</i> become <i>ch</i> when long, and that <i>l</i> becomes <i>nn</i>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Vowels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/High_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="High vowel">High</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ī⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨iu⟩</span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨īū⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ū⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ē⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨eo⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ō⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Low_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Low vowel">Low</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ā⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨oa⟩</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Vowels occur long and short, except for <i>eo</i> and <i>oa,</i> which are only found long. </p><p>All simple vowels except <i>a</i> can occur as voiceless vowels in word-final position. (All simple vowels can also occur as word-final voiced vowels.) Though these voiceless vowels are generally not spelled out by native speakers, they represent an important change in pronunciation between words which are otherwise spelled the same. For example: </p> <ul><li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">besh</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[beshi̥]</span> "hot"</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">besh</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[beshe̥]</span> "lime"</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">yalius</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[yaliusi̥u̥]</span> "ghost"</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">yalius</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[yaliuse̥]</span> "beard"</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">lamw</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lamwu̥]</span> "mosquito"</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">lamw</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lamwo̥]</span> "lagoon"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllable_structure">Syllable structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Syllable structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Woleaian language words can have anywhere from one to three consonants in a row. Words may either have CV, CCV, CCCV, or VV <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllable_structures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllable structures (page does not exist)">syllable structures</a>, and words can end in consonants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_formation">Word formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Word formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inflectional_patterns">Inflectional patterns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inflectional patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four <a href="/wiki/Inflection" title="Inflection">inflectional paradigms</a> in Woleaian: possessive, objective, progressive, and plural. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Possessive">Possessive</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Possessive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These suffixes, attached to nouns, convey the person and number of a possessor. There are seven regular possessive suffixes and one defective possessive suffix. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Regular<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 105">: 105 </span></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <th colspan="2">plural </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1st </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">excl.</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-i</i></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'my' </td> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-mam</i></span> </td> <td>'our (excl.)' </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">incl.</a> </th> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-sh</i></span> </td> <td>'our (incl.)' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2nd </th> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-mw</i></span> </td> <td>'your' </td> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-mi</i></span> </td> <td>'your (pl.)' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd </th> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-l</i></span> </td> <td>'his, her, its' </td> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-r</i></span> </td> <td>'their' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The "defective" suffix is always followed by a noun, unlike regular possessive suffixes. It is equivalent to <a href="/wiki/His_genitive" title="His genitive">his genitive</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Defective </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Suffix </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Person </th> <th>Number </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>-l</i> </td> <td>'of' </td> <td>3rd </td> <td>singular or plural </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Examples: </p> <ul><li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">metal</i></span> 'his eyes'</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">metal John</i></span> 'eyes of John'</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">metaar</i></span> 'their eyes'</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">metal John me Mary</i></span> 'eyes of John and Mary'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Object">Object</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Object"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These suffixes occur with all transitive verbs and show person, number, and animateness of the object of that verb. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 107">: 107 </span></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">singular </th> <th colspan="2">plural </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1st </th> <th>excl. </th> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-yai, -yei, -wai, -wei</i></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'me' </td> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-gemam</i></span> </td> <td>'us (excl.)' </td></tr> <tr> <th>incl. </th> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-gish</i></span> </td> <td>'us (incl.)' </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2nd </th> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-g</i></span> </td> <td>'you' </td> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-gami</i></span> </td> <td>'you (pl.)' </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">3rd </th> <th>animate </th> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-ɸ, -y, -w</i></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'him, her, it' </td> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-r</i></span> </td> <td>'them' </td></tr> <tr> <th>inanimate </th> <td><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">-n</i></span> </td> <td>'them' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Progressive">Progressive</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Progressive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Progressive action is shown in Woleaian through reduplication of initial parts of verbs. For example: <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">mil</i></span> "to stay" becomes <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">mimmil</i></span> "to be staying." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Plural">Plural</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Plural"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plurality of nouns is generally left up to context, but the plural marker <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">ka</i></span> is added when nouns are accompanied by a demonstrative pronoun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_word_order">Basic word order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Basic word order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woleaian has many different sentences types—and the type of sentence determines the word order. The first types of sentences are major and minor sentences. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Major_sentences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Major sentences (page does not exist)">Major sentences</a> are expressions that contain a subject and a predicate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a major sentence it can be broken up into two types, simple and complex sentences. Simple major sentences have a subject associated with a predicate. In a simple major sentence, the subject and predicates are interchangeable—so sometimes the subject comes first, and sometimes the predicate comes first. Simple major sentences can then be broken up into either equational or predicative. In an equational sentence the subject always follows the predicate, whether a question or statement. In predicative sentences, a subject or noun phrase usually follows a predicate. Two or more simple sentences together within one sentence produces a complex major sentence. Complex major sentences can either be coordinative or subordinative. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minor_sentences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minor sentences (page does not exist)">Minor sentences</a> are without "...a subject, a predicate, or both, but still express a complete thought.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just as major sentence can be divided into two types, so can minor sentences. Some refer back to the context and complete it, (completive), and some that appear independently, (exclamatory).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem with equational and predicative statement and question sentences in Woleaian is that you cannot differentiate between the question and statement based on how the words are arranged. An example of this: </p> <ul><li>Equational sentence: <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">Iiy semal sar skuul</i></span>, which can translate to “He is a student" or "is he a student?”</li> <li>Predicative sentence: <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">Go weri saw we</i></span>, which can translate to “You saw the child" or "Did you see the child?”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduplication">Reduplication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reduplication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many words in Woleaian, especially verbs, use <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They use both whole stem and partial reduplications “as initial or medial consonant doubling and initial or final reduplication,”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this is the word <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">fiyefiy</i></span>, which means to squeeze and comes from the word <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">fiya</i></span>, which means squeeze it. Some nouns also use reduplication, like <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">ugoug</i></span> or gallbladder, which reduplicates the word <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">ug</i></span> for net. Reduplication in Woleaian can be found in adjectives—like the word <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">yangoyang</i></span>, meaning to be yellow, yellowish of ginger color, which comes from the word yang, which means ginger.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another type of reduplication in Woleaian is reduplication-prefixation, which is when “a neutral verb has both reduplication and the causative prefix/”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this is the Woleaian word <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">gareparep</i></span>, which means to get close. This word comes from the words <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">garepa</i></span> meaning approach to it, and <span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">rep</i></span>, meaning to be near.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_vocabulary">Indigenous vocabulary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Indigenous vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">file-file</i></span> means ‘to stir’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">fitiye-tiye</i></span> means ‘to marry’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">maŋi-meŋi</i></span> means ‘to remember’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">masowe-sowe</i></span> means ‘to be strong’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">lewe-lewe</i></span> means ‘to lick’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">perase-rase</i></span> means ‘to scatter’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">gofeti-feti</i></span> means ‘to chip off’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">gare-gare</i></span> means ‘to broil’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">mmwutu</i></span> means ‘to vomit’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">cago</i></span> means ‘to hug’</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loanwords">Loanwords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Loanwords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many loanwords in Woleaian come from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> and English. </p><p>Words from Spanish:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">baarekow</i></span> from <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">barco</i></span> ('ship')</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">filooras</i></span> from <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">flores</i></span> ('flower')</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">karebau</i></span> from <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">carabao</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Carabao" title="Carabao">carabao</a>' in Spanish, 'cow' in Woleaian)</li></ul> <p>Words from Japanese:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">geitei</i></span> comes from the Japanese word <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">heitai</i></span> ('soldier')</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">koori</i></span> comes from the Japanese word <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">koori</i></span> ('ice')</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">koomaru</i></span> comes from the Japanese word <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">komaru</i></span> ('to be in trouble')</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">meeteto</i></span> comes from the Japanese word <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">omedetou</i></span> ('congratulations/happy holidays' in Japanese; 'New Year' in Woleaian)</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">taiko</i></span> comes from the Japanese word <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Taiko" title="Taiko">taiko</a></i></span> (drum)</li></ul> <p>Words from English:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">felaaki</i></span> means ‘flag’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">feraipaang</i></span> means ‘fry pan’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">iinch</i></span> means ‘inch’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">kolook</i></span> means ‘clock’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">mariiken</i></span> means ‘America’</li> <li><span title="Woleaian-language text"><i lang="woe">baibai</i></span> means 'papaya'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endangerment">Endangerment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Endangerment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materials">Materials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many resources on the Woleaian language—including books, websites, research papers, and even YouTube videos. Two books in particular are helpful in learning about the Woleaian language: the Woleaian Reference Grammar book by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho-Min_Sohn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ho-Min Sohn (page does not exist)">Ho-Min Sohn</a>, and a Woleaian-English Dictionary by Ho-Min Sohn and Anthony Tawerilmang. These two books contain much information about the Woleaian language, such as the sentence structures, types of reduplication, vocabulary, etc. Many websites contain useful information. The 2000 Yap Census also provides information about the language and speakers. A few research papers are helpful as well. One by Tsz-him Tsui from the University of Hawaii at Manoa describes the Woleaian vocabulary and phonemes. A paper by Robert Kennedy from the University of Arizona is about Woleaian reduplication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2002_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lastly, a YouTube channel provides Woleaian videos. Some of the videos are of church services, cultural dances similar to the <a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a>, and Woleaian people singing Woleaian songs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vitality">Vitality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Vitality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Woleaian, under the <a href="/wiki/Expanded_Graded_Intergenerational_Disruption_Scale" title="Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale">Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale</a> (EGIDS, which determines the status of a language, is level five, a developing language. This means that it “is in vigorous use, with literature in a standardized form being used by some people, though it is not yet widespread or sustainable.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2013_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2013-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the rapid growth of Woleaian in 1987 to 2000 it is pretty safe to say that Woleaian is being transmitted and taught to young children. There is intergenerational transmission involved in Woleaian because of its language status on the EGIDS. It is described as a developing language in vigorous use—which means that the Woleaian speakers must pass it down from generation to generation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/woe/">Woleaian</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalrecordings.net/en/language/18321">"Woleaian language"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Woleaian+language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalrecordings.net%2Fen%2Flanguage%2F18321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYap_Census_Report2002-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYap_Census_Report2002_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYap_Census_Report2002_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYap_Census_Report2002">Yap Census Report 2002</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFYap_Census_Report2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpark_Team-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpark_Team_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpark_Team">Spark Team</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESohn1975-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohn1975_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSohn1975">Sohn 1975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2002_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2002_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2002">Kennedy 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESohnTawerilmang1976_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSohnTawerilmang1976">Sohn & Tawerilmang 1976</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2013-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisSimonsFennig2013_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewisSimonsFennig2013">Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2013</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLewisSimonsFennig2013 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSohn1975" class="citation book cs1">Sohn, Ho-min (1975). <i>Woleaian Reference Grammar</i>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-0356-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-0356-6"><bdi>0-8248-0356-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woleaian+Reference+Grammar&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-8248-0356-6&rft.aulast=Sohn&rft.aufirst=Ho-min&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSohnTawerilmang1975" class="citation book cs1">Sohn, Ho-min; Tawerilmang, Anthony F. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/62919/9780824882259.pdf"><i>Woleaian reference grammar</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Open Access ed.). Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824882259" title="Special:BookSources/9780824882259"><bdi>9780824882259</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woleaian+reference+grammar&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.edition=Open+Access&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780824882259&rft.aulast=Sohn&rft.aufirst=Ho-min&rft.au=Tawerilmang%2C+Anthony+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fbitstream%2F10125%2F62919%2F9780824882259.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2002" class="citation cs2">Kennedy, Robert (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tls.ling.utexas.edu/2002/Robert_Kennedy.pdf"><i>Stress and Allomorphy in Woleaian Reduplication</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stress+and+Allomorphy+in+Woleaian+Reduplication&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftls.ling.utexas.edu%2F2002%2FRobert_Kennedy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSohnTawerilmang1976" class="citation book cs1">Sohn, Ho-min; Tawerilmang, Anthony F. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/642bd8cf-7bbb-4aff-8573-d6b7eee1e304/content"><i>Woleaian-English Dictionary</i></a>. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woleaian-English+Dictionary&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Sohn&rft.aufirst=Ho-min&rft.au=Tawerilmang%2C+Anthony+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fserver%2Fapi%2Fcore%2Fbitstreams%2F642bd8cf-7bbb-4aff-8573-d6b7eee1e304%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsui" class="citation book cs1">Tsui, Tsz-him. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://izumi-syuppan.co.jp/LLO_PDF/vol_02/10Tsui.pdf"><i>Japanese loanwords in Woleaian</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+loanwords+in+Woleaian&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii&rft.aulast=Tsui&rft.aufirst=Tsz-him&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fizumi-syuppan.co.jp%2FLLO_PDF%2Fvol_02%2F10Tsui.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpark_Team" class="citation cs2">Spark Team, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713110527/http://www.vernacularmedia.org/images/0/0a/Woleai_People.pdf"><i>Teaching Guide The Woleai People</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vernacularmedia.org/images/0/0a/Woleai_People.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 13, 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+Guide+The+Woleai+People&rft.au=Spark+Team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vernacularmedia.org%2Fimages%2F0%2F0a%2FWoleai_People.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woleaian_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDryer,_Matthew_S.Haspelmath,_Martin2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dryer" title="Matthew Dryer">Dryer, Matthew S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Haspelmath" title="Martin Haspelmath">Haspelmath, Martin</a>, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_wol">"Woleaian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Atlas_of_Language_Structures" title="World Atlas of Language Structures">World Atlas of Language Structures</a> Online</i>. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Atlas+of+Language+Structures+Online&rft.atitle=Woleaian&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwals.info%2Flanguoid%2Flect%2Fwals_code_wol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoleaian+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Template:Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Template talk:Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuukese_language" title="Chuukese language">Chuukese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosraean_language" title="Kosraean language">Kosraean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohnpeian_language" title="Pohnpeian language">Pohnpeian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapese_language" title="Yapese language">Yapese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapingamarangi_language" title="Kapingamarangi language">Kapingamarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokilese_language" title="Mokilese language">Mokilese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortlockese_language" title="Mortlockese language">Mortlockese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namonuito_language" title="Namonuito language">Namonuito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngatikese_language" title="Ngatikese language">Ngatikese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuoro_language" title="Nukuoro language">Nukuoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguluwan_language" title="Nguluwan language">Nguluwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1%C3%A1fang_language" title="Pááfang language">Pááfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingelapese_language" title="Pingelapese language">Pingelapese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puluwatese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puluwatese language">Puluwatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satawalese_language" title="Satawalese language">Satawalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulithian_language" title="Ulithian language">Ulithian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woleaian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creoles/Pidgins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_Pidgin_English" title="Micronesian Pidgin English">Micronesian Pidgin English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngatikese_Creole" title="Ngatikese Creole">Ngatikese Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Micronesian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Micronesian_languages" title="Template:Micronesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Micronesian_languages" title="Template talk:Micronesian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Micronesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Micronesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Micronesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nauruan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear<br />Micronesian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosraean_language" title="Kosraean language">Kosraean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_language" title="Marshallese language">Marshallese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chuukic-Pohnpeic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages">Chuukic–<br />Pohnpeic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chuukic_languages" title="Chuukic languages">Chuukic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonsorol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonsorol language">Sonsorol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobian_language" title="Tobian language">Tobian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuukese_language" title="Chuukese language">Chuukese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woleaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulithian_language" title="Ulithian language">Ulithian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puluwatese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puluwatese language">Puluwatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namonuito_language" title="Namonuito language">Namonuito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanapag_language" title="Tanapag language">Tanapag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satawalese_language" title="Satawalese language">Satawalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortlockese_language" title="Mortlockese language">Mortlockese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1%C3%A1fang_language" title="Pááfang language">Pááfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapia_language" title="Mapia language">Mapia</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pohnpeic_languages" title="Pohnpeic languages">Pohnpeic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mokilese_language" title="Mokilese language">Mokilese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingelapese_language" title="Pingelapese language">Pingelapese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohnpeian_language" title="Pohnpeian language">Pohnpeian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngatikese_language" title="Ngatikese language">Ngatikese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* indicates proposed status</li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li> <li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">SHWNG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tandia_language" title="Tandia language">Tandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moor language">Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waropen_language" title="Waropen language">Waropen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warembori_language" title="Warembori language">Warembori</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_language" title="Yoke language">Yoke</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Halmahera Sea languages">Halmahera Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambel–Biga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambel_language" title="Ambel language">Ambel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_language" title="Biga language">Biga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maya–Matbat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'ya language">Ma'ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbat_language" title="Matbat language">Matbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maden_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maden language">Maden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiawat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiawat language">Fiawat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As_language" title="As language">As</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera_languages" title="South Halmahera languages">South Halmahera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gane_language" title="Gane language">Gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_language" title="Taba language">Taba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buli_language_(Indonesia)" title="Buli language (Indonesia)">Buli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_language" title="Patani language">Patani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawai_language" title="Sawai language">Sawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebe_language" title="Gebe language">Gebe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cenderawasih_languages" title="Cenderawasih languages">Cenderawasih</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biakic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Biakic languages">Biakic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biak_language" title="Biak language">Biak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusner_language" title="Dusner language">Dusner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meoswar_language" title="Meoswar language">Meoswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roon_language" title="Roon language">Roon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yapen_languages_(Austronesian)" title="Yapen languages (Austronesian)">Yapen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambai_language" title="Ambai language">Ambai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansus_language" title="Ansus language">Ansus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau_language" title="Marau language">Marau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandamen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandamen language">Wandamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wooi language">Wooi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munggui_language" title="Munggui language">Munggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuma_language" title="Papuma language">Papuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_language" title="Pom language">pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serui-Laut_language" title="Serui-Laut language">Serui-Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurudu_language" title="Kurudu language">Kurudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabo_language" title="Wabo language">Wabo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaur_language" title="Yaur language">Yaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerisiam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerisiam language">Yerisiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar language">Umar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty languages">Admiralty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yapese_language" title="Yapese language">Yapese</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manus_languages" title="Manus languages">Manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluan-Pam_language" title="Baluan-Pam language">Baluan-Pam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenkau_language" title="Lenkau language">Lenkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_language_(Austronesian)" title="Lou language (Austronesian)">Lou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauna_language" title="Nauna language">Nauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penchal_language" title="Penchal language">Penchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kaniet_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Kaniet language">Northern Kaniet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kaniet_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Kaniet language">Southern Kaniet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimat_language" title="Seimat language">Seimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuvulu-Aua_language" title="Wuvulu-Aua language">Wuvulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuvulu-Aua_language" title="Wuvulu-Aua language">Aua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St._Matthias_languages" title="St. Matthias languages">Saint Matthias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mussau-Emira_language" title="Mussau-Emira language">Mussau-Emira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenis_language" title="Tenis language">Tenis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temotu_languages" title="Temotu languages">Temotu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utupua</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_language_(Solomon_Islands)" title="Amba language (Solomon Islands)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asumboa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Asumboa language">Asumboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanimbili_language" title="Tanimbili language">Tanimbili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vanikoro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teanu_language" title="Teanu language">Teanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovono_language" title="Lovono language">Lovono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanema_language" title="Tanema language">Tanema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reefs-Santa_Cruz_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Reefs-Santa Cruz languages">Reefs–Santa Cruz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84iwoo_language" title="Äiwoo language">Äiwoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engdewu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Engdewu language">Engdewu / Nanggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat%C3%BCgu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Natügu language">Natügu / Santa Cruz</a> <ul><li>Nalögo</li> <li>Noipx</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Solomonic_languages" title="Southeast Solomonic languages">Southeast<br />Solomonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gela–Guadalcanal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugotu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugotu language">Bugotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela_language" title="Gela language">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengo_language" title="Lengo language">Lengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birao_language" title="Birao language">Birao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghari_language" title="Ghari language">Ghari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malango_language" title="Malango language">Malango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talise_language" title="Talise language">Talise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malaita–<br />San Cristobal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longgu_language" title="Longgu language">Longgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'a language">Sa'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arosi_language" title="Arosi language">Arosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagani_language" title="Fagani language">Fagani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauro_language" title="Bauro language">Bauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahua_language" title="Kahua language">Kahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owa_language" title="Owa language">Owa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau_Wawa_language" title="Marau Wawa language">Marau Wawa</a> ? †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To%27abaita_language" class="mw-redirect" title="To'abaita language">To'abaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baelelea_language" title="Baelelea language">Baelelea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baeggu_language" title="Baeggu language">Baeggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fataleka_language" title="Fataleka language">Fataleka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_language_(Malaita)" title="Lau language (Malaita)">Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara%27ae_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwara'ae language">Kwara'ae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langalanga_language" title="Langalanga language">Wala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gula%27alaa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gula'alaa language">Gula'alaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaio_language" title="Kwaio language">Kwaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dori%27o_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dori'o language">Dori'o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Are%27are_language" class="mw-redirect" title="'Are'are language">'Are'are</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroha_language" title="Oroha language">Oroha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Oceanic_languages" title="Western Oceanic languages">Western<br />Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meso-Melanesian_languages" title="Meso-Melanesian languages">Meso–Melanesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kimbe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bola_language_(Austronesian)" title="Bola language (Austronesian)">Bola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulu_language_(Oceanic)" title="Bulu language (Oceanic)">Bulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meramera_language" title="Meramera language">Meramera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakanai_language" title="Nakanai language">Nakanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneapa_language" title="Uneapa language">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitu_language" title="Vitu language">Vitu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Ireland–<br />Northwest<br />Solomonic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tungag–Nalik</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kara_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Kara language (Papua New Guinea)">Kara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxudumau_language" title="Laxudumau language">Laxudumau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalik_language" title="Nalik language">Nalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiang_language" title="Tiang language">Tiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigak_language" title="Tigak language">Tigak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungag_language" title="Tungag language">Tungag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tabar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lihir_language" title="Lihir language">Lihir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_language" title="Mandara language">Madara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notsi_language" title="Notsi language">Notsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Madak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barok_language" title="Barok language">Barok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavatbura-Lamusong_language" title="Lavatbura-Lamusong language">Lavatbura–Lamusong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madak_language" title="Madak language">Madak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">St. George</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilur_language" title="Bilur language">Bilur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanamaket_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanamaket language">Fanamaket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandas_language" title="Kandas language">Kandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konomala_language" title="Konomala language">Konomala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_language" title="Label language">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungalunga_language" title="Lungalunga language">Lungalunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwer_Mil_language" title="Niwer Mil language">Niwer Mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patpatar_language" title="Patpatar language">Patpatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoaaina_language" title="Ramoaaina language">Ramoaaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siar-Lak_language" title="Siar-Lak language">Siar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sursurunga_language" title="Sursurunga language">Sursurunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolai_language" title="Tolai language">Tolai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwar_Feni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwar Feni language">Warwar Feni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Solomonic_languages" title="Northwest Solomonic languages">Northwest<br />Solomonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hahon_language" title="Hahon language">Hahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak%C3%B6_language" title="Hakö language">Hakö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halia_language" title="Halia language">Halia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehan_language" title="Nehan language">Nehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papapana_language" title="Papapana language">Papapana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petats_language" title="Petats language">Petats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saposa_language" title="Saposa language">Saposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solos_language" title="Solos language">Solos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teop_language" title="Teop language">Teop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinputz_language" title="Tinputz language">Tinputz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannoni_language" title="Bannoni language">Bannoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piva_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Piva language">Piva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-Alu_language" title="Mono-Alu language">Mono-Alu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torau_language" title="Torau language">Torau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruava_language" title="Uruava language">Uruava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babatana_language" title="Babatana language">Babatana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ririo_language" title="Ririo language">Ririo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varisi_language" title="Varisi language">Varisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghua_language" title="Vaghua language">Vaghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanongga_language" title="Ghanongga language">Ghanongga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoava_language" title="Hoava language">Hoava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusaghe_language" title="Kusaghe language">Kusaghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungga_language" title="Lungga language">Lungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marovo_language" title="Marovo language">Marovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduke_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nduke language">Nduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roviana_language" title="Roviana language">Roviana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbo_language" title="Simbo language">Simbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ughele_language" title="Ughele language">Ughele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangunu_language" title="Vangunu language">Vangunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blablanga_language" title="Blablanga language">Blablanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheke_Holo_language" title="Cheke Holo language">Cheke Holo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_language" title="Gao language">Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokota_language" title="Kokota language">Kokota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laghu_language" title="Laghu language">Laghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabana_language" title="Zabana language">Zabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazao_language" title="Zazao language">Zazao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomoip_language" title="Tomoip language">Tomoip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_New_Guinea_languages" title="North New Guinea languages">North New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarmi%E2%80%93Jayapura_languages" title="Sarmi–Jayapura languages">Sarmi–<br />Jayapura</a> ?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anus_language" title="Anus language">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonggo_language" title="Bonggo language">Bonggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayupulau_language" title="Kayupulau language">Kayupulau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liki_language" title="Liki language">Liki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masimasi_language" title="Masimasi language">Masimasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormu_language" title="Ormu language">Ormu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podena_language" title="Podena language">Podena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaptiau_language" title="Kaptiau language">Kaptiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobei_language" title="Sobei language">Sobei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpia_language" title="Tarpia language">Tarpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobati_language" title="Tobati language">Tobati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakde_language" title="Wakde language">Wakde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamna_language" title="Yamna language">Yamna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schouten_languages" title="Schouten languages">Schouten</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arop-Sissano_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arop-Sissano language">Arop-Sissano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sera_language" title="Sera language">Sera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissano_language" title="Sissano language">Sissano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulau-Suain_language" title="Ulau-Suain language">Ulau-Suain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumleo_language" title="Tumleo language">Tumleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakamul_language" title="Yakamul language">Yakamul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiep_language" title="Kaiep language">Kaiep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kairiru_language" title="Kairiru language">Kairiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terebu_language" title="Terebu language">Terebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biem_language" title="Biem language">Biem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kis_language" title="Kis language">Kis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manam_language" title="Manam language">Manam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medebur_language" title="Medebur language">Medebur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepa_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Sepa language (Papua New Guinea)">Sepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wogeo_language" title="Wogeo language">Wogeo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huon_Gulf_languages" title="Huon Gulf languages">Huon Gulf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukawa_language" title="Bukawa language">Bukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kela_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kela language (Papua New Guinea)">Kela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabem_language" title="Yabem language">Yabem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribwatsa_language" title="Aribwatsa language">Aribwatsa</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribwaung_language" title="Aribwaung language">Aribwaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adzera_language" title="Adzera language">Adzera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danggal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Danggal language">Dangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duwet_language" title="Duwet language">Duwet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labu_language" title="Labu language">Labu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maralango_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maralango language">Maralango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_language_(Madang_Province)" title="Mari language (Madang Province)">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musom_language" title="Musom language">Musom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafi_language" title="Nafi language">Nafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silisili_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Silisili language">Silisili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampar_language" title="Wampar language">Wampar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampur_language" title="Wampur language">Wampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hote_language" title="Hote language">Hote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwal_language" title="Iwal language">Iwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapin_language" title="Kapin language">Kapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumalu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumalu language">Kumalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangga_Buang_language" title="Mangga Buang language">Mangga Buang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapos_Buang_language" title="Mapos Buang language">Mapos Buang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumeng_language" title="Mumeng language">Mumeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piu_language" title="Piu language">Piu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehes_language" title="Vehes language">Vehes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamap_language" title="Yamap language">Yamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbami_language" title="Numbami language">Numbami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ngero%E2%80%93Vitiaz_languages" title="Ngero–Vitiaz languages">Ngero–Vitiaz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bariai_language" title="Bariai language">Bariai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitua_language" title="Gitua language">Gitua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kove_language" title="Kove language">Kove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusi_language" title="Lusi language">Lusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalamai_language" title="Malalamai language">Malalamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutu_language" title="Mutu language">Mutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awad_Bing_language" title="Awad Bing language">Awad Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibil_language" title="Bilibil language">Bilibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedaged_language" title="Gedaged language">Gedaged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marik_language" title="Marik language">Marik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matukar_language" title="Matukar language">Matukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindiri_language" title="Mindiri language">Mindiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takia_language" title="Takia language">Takia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wab_language" title="Wab language">Wab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamogai_language" title="Lamogai language">Lamogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouk-Aria_language" title="Mouk-Aria language">Mouk-Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigon_language" title="Aigon language">Aigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karore_language" title="Karore language">Karore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaulong_language" title="Kaulong language">Kaulong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miu_language" title="Miu language">Miu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengseng_language" title="Sengseng language">Sengseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Arawe_language" title="West Arawe language">Aiklep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akolet_language" title="Akolet language">Akolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Arawe_language" title="West Arawe language">Apalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avau_language" title="Avau language">Avau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebeli_language" title="Bebeli language">Bebeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Arawe_language" title="West Arawe language">Gimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesing-Gelimi_language" title="Lesing-Gelimi language">Lesing-Gelimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangseng_language" title="Mangseng language">Mangseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solong_language" title="Solong language">Solong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lote_language" title="Lote language">Lote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamusi_language" title="Mamusi language">Mamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengen_language" title="Mengen language">Mengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arop-Lukep_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arop-Lukep language">Arop-Lukep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnai_language" title="Karnai language">Karnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasanga_language" title="Malasanga language">Malasanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mur_Pano_language" title="Mur Pano language">Mur Pano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_language" title="Mato language">Mato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronji_language" title="Ronji language">Ronji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amara_language" title="Amara language">Amara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleu-Kilenge_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maleu-Kilenge language">Maleu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbula_language" title="Mbula language">Mbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sio_language" title="Sio language">Sio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tami_language" title="Tami language">Tami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Tip_languages" title="Papuan Tip languages">Papuan Tip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Auhelawa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="'Auhelawa language">'Auhelawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhutu_language" title="Buhutu language">Buhutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwanabwana_language" title="Bwanabwana language">Bwanabwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oya%27oya_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oya'oya language">Oya'oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliba_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Saliba language (Papua New Guinea)">Saliba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suau_language" title="Suau language">Suau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unubahe_language" title="Unubahe language">Unubahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagawaga_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Wagawaga language (New Guinea)">Wagawaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwaidoka_language" title="Bwaidoka language">Bwaidoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodio_language" title="Diodio language">Diodio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamalele_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iamalele language">Iamalele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iduna_language" title="Iduna language">Iduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koluwawa_language" title="Koluwawa language">Koluwawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiadomu_language" title="Maiadomu language">Maiadomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunama_language" title="Bunama language">Bunama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boselewa_language" title="Boselewa language">Boselewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobu_language" title="Dobu language">Dobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_language" title="Duau language">Duau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeya_language" title="Galeya language">Galeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molima_language" title="Molima language">Molima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwatebu_language" title="Mwatebu language">Mwatebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewa_Bay_language" title="Sewa Bay language">Sewa Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawawa_language" title="Dawawa language">Dawawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakabai_language" title="Kakabai language">Kakabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Are_language" title="Are language">Are</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arifama-Miniafia_language" title="Arifama-Miniafia language">Arifama-Miniafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_language" title="Doga language">Doga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gapapaiwa_language" title="Gapapaiwa language">Gapapaiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghayavi_language" title="Ghayavi language">Ghayavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaninuwa_language" title="Kaninuwa language">Kaninuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubir_language" title="Ubir language">Ubir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gweda_language" title="Gweda language">Gweda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haigwai_language" title="Haigwai language">Haigwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwala_language" title="Maiwala language">Maiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaveha_language" title="Minaveha language">Minaveha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taupota_language" title="Taupota language">Taupota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawala_language" title="Tawala language">Tawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakaikeke_language" title="Yakaikeke language">Yakaikeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuki_language" title="Anuki language">Anuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumawana_language" title="Gumawana language">Gumawana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kilivila–Misima</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budibud_language" title="Budibud language">Budibud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilivila_language" title="Kilivila language">Kilivila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misima_language" title="Misima language">Misima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyuw_language" title="Muyuw language">Muyuw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nimoa–Sudest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimoa_language" title="Nimoa language">Nimoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudest_language" title="Sudest language">Sudest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oceanic_languages" title="Southern Oceanic languages">Southern<br />Oceanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Vanuatu_languages" title="North Vanuatu languages">North Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torres-Banks_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres-Banks languages">Torres–Banks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiw_language" title="Hiw language">Hiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-Toga_language" title="Lo-Toga language">Lo-Toga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehali_language" title="Lehali language">Lehali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6y%C3%B6p_language" title="Löyöp language">Löyöp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwotlap_language" title="Mwotlap language">Mwotlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volow_language" title="Volow language">Volow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemerig_language" title="Lemerig language">Lemerig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera%27a_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera'a language">Vera’a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vur%C3%ABs_language" title="Vurës language">Vurës</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwesen_language" title="Mwesen language">Mwesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mota_language" title="Mota language">Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nume_language" title="Nume language">Nume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorig_language" title="Dorig language">Dorig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(Vanuatu)" title="Koro language (Vanuatu)">Koro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olrat_language" title="Olrat language">Olrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakon_language" title="Lakon language">Lakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwerlap_language" title="Mwerlap language">Mwerlap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maewo–Ambae–<br />North Pentecost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sungwadia_language" title="Sungwadia language">Sun̄wadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterara_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterara language">Sun̄wadaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetora_language" title="Baetora language">Baetora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duidui_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duidui language">Duidui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ambae_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Ambae language">Northeast Ambae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_language" title="Raga language">Raga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Pentecost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ske_language" title="Ske language">Ske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apma_language" title="Apma language">Apma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa language">Sa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo_languages" title="Espiritu Santo languages">Espiritu Santo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cumberland_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Cumberland language">Cape Cumberland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nokuku_language" title="Nokuku language">Nokuku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolomako_language" title="Tolomako language">Tolomako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusi_language" title="Wusi language">Wusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akei_language" title="Akei language">Akei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasiriki_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasiriki language">Tasiriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangoa_language" title="Tangoa language">Tangoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araki_language" title="Araki language">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiale_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiale language">Tiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Merei language">Merei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiai_language" title="Kiai language">Kiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%CC%88av%CC%88ea_language" class="mw-redirect" title="M̈av̈ea language">M̈av̈ea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutuba_language" title="Tutuba language">Tutuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aore_language" title="Aore language">Aore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamambo_language" title="Tamambo language">Tamambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores_language" title="Mores language">Mores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Bay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Shark Bay language">Shark Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakao_language" title="Sakao language">Sakao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear<br />Southern<br />Oceanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Vanuatu_languages" title="Central Vanuatu languages">Central Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Malakula_language" title="Northeast Malakula language">Northeast Malakula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vao_language" title="Vao language">Vao</a></li> <li>Vovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpotovoro_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpotovoro language">Mpotovoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirak language">Dirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malua_Bay_language" title="Malua Bay language">Malua Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%27%C3%ABnen_Taut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="V'ënen Taut language">V’ënen Taut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_language" title="Tape language">Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larevat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Larevat language">Larevat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve%27ei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Neve'ei language">Neve’ei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naman language">Naman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navava_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Navava language">Navava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevwervwer_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevwervwer language">Nevwervwer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unua_language" title="Unua language">Unua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkumu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangkumu language">Pangkumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banam_Bay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banam Bay language">Banam Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulua_language" title="Aulua language">Aulua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendamboi_language" title="Lendamboi language">Lendamboi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasarian_language" title="Nasarian language">Nasarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axamb_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Axamb language">Axamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avok_language" title="Avok language">Avok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskelynes_language" title="Maskelynes language">Maskelynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Sandwich_language" title="Port Sandwich language">Port Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinesip_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinesip language">Sinesip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naha%27ai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naha'ai language">Naha’ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninde_language" title="Ninde language">Ninde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ambrym_language" title="North Ambrym language">North Ambrym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ambrym_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Ambrym language">West Ambrym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ambrym_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ambrym language">South Ambrym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewo_language" title="Lewo language">Lewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamen_language" title="Lamen language">Lamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierebo_language" title="Bierebo language">Bierebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baki_language" title="Baki language">Baki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkir language">Mkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bieria_language" title="Bieria language">Bieria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakanamanga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakanamanga language">Nakanamanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguna_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguna language">Nguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namakir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Namakir language">Namakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Efate_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Efate language">South Efate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Vanuatu_languages" title="South Vanuatu languages">South Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Erromango</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sie_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sie language">Sie / Erromangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorung_language" title="Sorung language">Sorung</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ifo language">Ifo</a> (Utaha) †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_language_(Vanuatu)" title="Ura language (Vanuatu)">Ura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tanna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwamera_language" title="Kwamera language">Kwamera (South Tanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Tanna_language" title="Southwest Tanna language">Southwest Tanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenakel_language" title="Lenakel language">Lenakel (West Tanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitesands_language" title="Whitesands language">Whitesands (East Tanna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tanna_language" title="North Tanna language">North Tanna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aneityum_language" title="Aneityum language">Aneityum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Loyalties–<br />New Caledonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Loyalty Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drehu_language" title="Drehu language">Drehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaai_language" title="Iaai language">Iaai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nengone_language" title="Nengone language">Nengone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Caledonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndrumbea_language" title="Ndrumbea language">Ndrumbea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A8%C3%A8_language" title="Numèè language">Numèè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A2r%C3%A2c%C3%B9%C3%B9_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Xârâcùù language">Xârâcùù</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A2r%C3%A2gur%C3%A8_language" title="Xârâgurè language">Xârâgurè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AEr%C3%AE_language" title="Tîrî language">Tîrî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zire_language" title="Zire language">Zire</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aji%C3%AB_language" title="Ajië language">Ajië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arh%C3%B6_language" title="Arhö language">Arhö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arh%C3%A2_language" title="Arhâ language">Arhâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neku_language" title="Neku language">Neku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orowe_language" title="Orowe language">Orowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vamale_language" title="Vamale language">Vamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveke_language" title="Haveke language">Haveke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haeke_language" title="Haeke language">Haeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8muh%C3%AE_language" title="Cèmuhî language">Cèmuhî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paic%C3%AE_language" title="Paicî language">Paicî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwaamei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwaamei language">Pwaamei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwapwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwapwa language">Pwapwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwatoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bwatoo">Bwatoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmwaveke_language" title="Hmwaveke language">Hmwaveke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waamwang_language" title="Waamwang language">Waamwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fw%C3%A2i_language" title="Fwâi language">Fwâi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawe_language" title="Jawe language">Jawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemi_language" title="Nemi language">Nemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pije_language" title="Pije language">Pije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caac_language" title="Caac language">Caac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumak_language" title="Kumak language">Kumak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanga_language" title="Yuanga language">Yuanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C3%A2layu_language" title="Nyâlayu language">Nyâlayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear<br />Micronesian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosraean_language" title="Kosraean language">Kosraean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_language" title="Marshallese language">Marshallese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chuukic-Pohnpeic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages">Chuukic–<br />Pohnpeic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chuukic_languages" title="Chuukic languages">Chuukic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonsorol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonsorol language">Sonsorol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobian_language" title="Tobian language">Tobian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuukese_language" title="Chuukese language">Chuukese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woleaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulithian_language" title="Ulithian language">Ulithian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puluwatese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puluwatese language">Puluwatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namonuito_language" title="Namonuito language">Namonuito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanapag_language" title="Tanapag language">Tanapag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satawalese_language" title="Satawalese language">Satawalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortlockese_language" title="Mortlockese language">Mortlockese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1%C3%A1fang_language" title="Pááfang language">Pááfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapia_language" title="Mapia language">Mapia</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pohnpeic_languages" title="Pohnpeic languages">Pohnpeic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mokilese_language" title="Mokilese language">Mokilese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingelapese_language" title="Pingelapese language">Pingelapese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohnpeian_language" title="Pohnpeian language">Pohnpeian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngatikese_language" title="Ngatikese language">Ngatikese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Pacific_languages" title="Central Pacific languages">Central Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotuman_language" title="Rotuman language">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua_language" title="Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua language">Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Fijian_language" title="Western Fijian language">Western Fijian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_Dau_language" title="Gone Dau language">Gone Dau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauan_language" title="Lauan language">Lauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomaiviti_language" title="Lomaiviti language">Lomaiviti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Polynesian_languages" title="Nuclear Polynesian languages">Nuclear<br />Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_language" title="Tuvaluan language">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaiana_language" title="Sikaiana language">Sikaiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontong_Java_language" title="Ontong Java language">Ontong Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukumanu_language" title="Nukumanu language">Nukumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuu_language" title="Takuu language">Takuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuguria_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuguria language">Nuguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapingamarangi_language" title="Kapingamarangi language">Kapingamarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuoro_language" title="Nukuoro language">Nukuoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukapukan_language" title="Pukapukan language">Pukapukan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samoic_languages" title="Samoic languages">Samoic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_language" title="Tokelauan language">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuatoputapu_language" title="Niuatoputapu language">Niuatoputapu</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquesan_language" title="Marquesan language">Marqeusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva_language" title="Mangareva language">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austral_language" title="Austral language">Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_language" title="Rapa language">Rapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuamotuan_language" title="Tuamotuan language">Tuamotuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cook Islands Māori language">Cook Islands Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakahanga-Manihiki_language" title="Rakahanga-Manihiki language">Rakahanga-Manihiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongareva_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongareva language">Tongareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moriori_language" title="Moriori language">Moriori</a> †</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapa Nui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Futunic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallisian_language" title="Wallisian language">Wallisian (East Uvean)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Uvean_language" title="West Uvean language">West Uvean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futunan_language" title="Futunan language">Futunan (East Futunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna-Aniwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Futuna-Aniwa">Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukapukan_language" title="Pukapukan language">Pukapukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuta_language" title="Anuta language">Anuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennellese_language" title="Rennellese language">Rennellese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikopia_language" title="Tikopia language">Tikopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mele-Fila_language" title="Mele-Fila language">Mele-Fila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emae_language" title="Emae language">Emae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tongic_languages" title="Tongic languages">Tongic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_language" title="Niuean language">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuafo%27ou_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Niuafo'ou language">Niuafo'ou</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* indicates proposed status</li> <li>? indicates classification dispute</li> <li>† indicates <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct 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