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aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਬਣਤਰਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਬਣਤਰਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਬਣਤਰਾਂ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਬਣਤਰਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ_ਅਤੇ_ਅਣੂਆਤਮਿਕ_ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ_ਅਤੇ_ਅਣੂਆਤਮਿਕ_ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਣੂਆਤਮਿਕ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ_ਅਤੇ_ਅਣੂਆਤਮਿਕ_ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਅੰਗ_(ਔਰਗਨਲਜ਼)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅੰਗ_(ਔਰਗਨਲਜ਼)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>ਅੰਗ (ਔਰਗਨਲਜ਼)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਅੰਗ_(ਔਰਗਨਲਜ਼)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਵਾਧਾ_ਅਤੇ_ਵਿਕਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਾਧਾ_ਅਤੇ_ਵਿਕਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>ਵਾਧਾ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਾਧਾ_ਅਤੇ_ਵਿਕਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹੋਰ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹੋਰ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>ਹੋਰ ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹੋਰ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੈੱਲਾਂ_ਦੇ_ਅਧਿਐਨ_ਲਈ_ਵਰਤੀਆਂ_ਜਾਣ_ਵਾਲੀਆਂ_ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੈੱਲਾਂ_ਦੇ_ਅਧਿਐਨ_ਲਈ_ਵਰਤੀਆਂ_ਜਾਣ_ਵਾਲੀਆਂ_ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਸੈੱਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੀਆਂ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸੈੱਲਾਂ_ਦੇ_ਅਧਿਐਨ_ਲਈ_ਵਰਤੀਆਂ_ਜਾਣ_ਵਾਲੀਆਂ_ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਕੈਰੀਅਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਬੰਧਤ_ਖੇਤਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਕੈਰੀਅਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਬੰਧਤ_ਖੇਤਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ਕੈਰੀਅਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਖੇਤਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਕੈਰੀਅਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਬੰਧਤ_ਖੇਤਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਨੋਟ_ਕਰਨਯੋਗ_ਸੈੱਲ_ਜੀਵ_ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਨੋਟ_ਕਰਨਯੋਗ_ਸੈੱਲ_ਜੀਵ_ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ਨੋਟ ਕਰਨਯੋਗ ਸੈੱਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਨੋਟ_ਕਰਨਯੋਗ_ਸੈੱਲ_ਜੀਵ_ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 83 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم الخلية – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الخلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa_celular" title="Bioloxía celular – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bioloxía celular" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologiya" title="Sitologiya – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sitologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Клетъчна биология – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетъчна биология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="কোষবিদ্যা – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citologija" title="Citologija – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Citologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cel%C2%B7lular" title="Biologia cel·lular – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biologia cel·lular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ژینناسیی خانەیی – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژینناسیی خانەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun%C4%9B%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_biologie" title="Buněčná biologie – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buněčná biologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioleg_cell" title="Bioleg cell – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bioleg cell" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellbiologie" title="Zellbiologie – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zellbiologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κυτταρική βιολογία – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυτταρική βιολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell biology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elbiologio" title="Ĉelbiologio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelbiologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa_celular" title="Biología celular – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biología celular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakubioloogia" title="Rakubioloogia – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakubioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_zelular" title="Biologia zelular – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biologia zelular" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="سلول‌شناسی – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubiologia" title="Solubiologia – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solubiologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie_cellulaire" title="Biologie cellulaire – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biologie cellulaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selbiology" title="Selbiology – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Selbiology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitheola%C3%ADocht_na_gceall" title="Bitheolaíocht na gceall – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bitheolaíocht na gceall" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa_celular" title="Bioloxía celular – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bioloxía celular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-p%C3%A2u_s%C3%A2ng-vu%CC%8Dt-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Se-pâu sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Se-pâu sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90" title="ביולוגיה של התא – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביולוגיה של התא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कोशिका विज्ञान – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stani%C4%8Dna_biologija" title="Stanična biologija – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanična biologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejtbiol%C3%B3gia" title="Sejtbiológia – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejtbiológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cellular" title="Biologia cellular – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biologia cellular" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biologi sel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celulala_biologio" title="Celulala biologio – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Celulala biologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumul%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Frumulíffræði – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumulíffræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cellulare" title="Biologia cellulare – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biologia cellulare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="細胞生物学 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞生物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sitologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ციტოლოგია – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ციტოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citologiya" title="Citologiya – ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Citologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Цитология – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Цитология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="세포생물학 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포생물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytologia" title="Cytologia – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cytologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytologie" title="Zytologie – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zytologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia_selulal" title="Biolojia selulal – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Biolojia selulal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citolo%C4%A3ija" title="Citoloģija – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Citoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Цитологија – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цитологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കോശജീവശാസ്ത്രം – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശജീവശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Цитологи – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цитологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biologi sel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कोष जीवशास्त्र – ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोष जीवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celbiologie" title="Celbiologie – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Celbiologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytologi" title="Cytologi – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cytologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selulal_biologia" title="Selulal biologia – ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Selulal biologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cellulara" title="Biologia cellulara – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biologia cellulara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_kom%C3%B3rki" title="Biologia komórki – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biologia komórki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="خلیائی حیاتیات – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیائی حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%8A" title="د حجرې بيولوژي – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د حجرې بيولوژي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_celular" title="Biologia celular – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biologia celular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie_celular%C4%83" title="Biologie celulară – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biologie celulară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Клеточная биология – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клеточная биология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Саанык биологията – ਸਾਖਾ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саанык биологията" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cell biology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celularna_biologija" title="Celularna biologija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Celularna biologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell biology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytol%C3%B3gia" title="Cytológia – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cytológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celi%C4%8Dna_biologija" title="Celična biologija – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celična biologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologjia_qelizore" title="Biologjia qelizore – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biologjia qelizore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Биологија ћелије – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биологија ћелије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellbiologi" title="Cellbiologi – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cellbiologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிரணு உயிரியல் – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு உயிரியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ситология – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ситология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="ชีววิทยาของเซลล์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีววิทยาของเซลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiyang_pangselula" title="Biyolohiyang pangselula – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyolohiyang pangselula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoloji" title="Sitoloji – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sitoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Күзәнәк фәне – ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күзәнәк фәне" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Клітинна біологія – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітинна біологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="خلیائی حیاتیات – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیائی حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologiya" title="Sitologiya – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sitologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc_t%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Sinh học tế bào – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh học tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya_hin_selula" title="Biyolohiya hin selula – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyolohiya hin selula" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="细胞生物学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ციტოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ციტოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&printable=yes" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਰੂਪ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cell_biology" hreflang="en"><span>ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਕਾਮਨਜ਼</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7141" title="ਡਾਟਾ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਕੜੀ ਜੋੜੋ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ਵਿਕੀਡਾਟਾ ਆਈਟਮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:NIEHScell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NIEHScell.jpg/300px-NIEHScell.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NIEHScell.jpg/450px-NIEHScell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/NIEHScell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਅਣੂ">ਅਣਵੀ</a> ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਅਧਾਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣਾ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</b> (ਪਹਿਲੋਂ <b>ਕੋਸ਼ਕਾ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</b> ਜਾਂ <b>ਸਾਈਟਾਲੋਜੀ</b>) <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਸ਼ਾਖ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ">ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂਆਂ</a> - ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਬਣਤਰੀ ਲੱਛਣ, ਢਾਂਚਾ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਵਿਚਲੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਅੰਗਾਣੂ">ਅੰਗਾਣੂ</a>, ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਨਾਲ਼ ਮੇਲ-ਮਿਲਾਪ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਚੱਕਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀਵਨ ਚੱਕਰ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਵੰਡ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵੰਡ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਮੌਤ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮੌਤ</a> ਅਤੇ ਕਾਰਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਖੁਰਦਬੀਨ">ਖੁਰਦਬੀਨੀ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਅਣੂ">ਅਣਵੀ</a> ਦੋਹਾਂ ਪੱਧਰਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਸੈੱਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਸੈੱਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> (ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ਕ੍ਰਿਪਟੌਲੋਜੀ">ਕ੍ਰਿਪਟੌਲੋਜੀ</a> ਵੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ। ਜੋ ਗਰੀਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ κυτος ਤੋਂ ਆਇਆ ਹੈ ਜਿਸਦਾ ਅਰਥ ਹੈ kytos, "ਸੁਰਾਹੀ") ਅਤੇ ਜੋ ਮੌਲੀਕਿਉਲਰ ਜਾਂ ਸੈੱਲ ਬਾਇਲੋਜੀ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੀ ਉਹ ਸ਼ਾਖਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2_(%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੈੱਲ (ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੈੱਲ</a> ਦੀਆਂ ਵਿਭਿੰਨ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਕਾਰਜਾਂ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਜਿੰਦਗੀ ਦੀ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਇਕਾਈ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੈੱਲ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਧਿਆਨ ਕੇਂਦ੍ਰਿਤ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸੈੱਲ ਬਾਇਲੋਜੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਅੰਗ">ਅੰਗਾਂ</a> ਦੀ ਬਣਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸੰਗਠਿਤ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਰੀਰਕ ਕ੍ਰਿਆ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਰੀਰਿਕ</a> ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾਵਾਂ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪਾਚਣ ਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪਾਚਣ ਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੰਕੇਤਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੰਕੇਤਕ</a> ਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਵਨ ਚੱਕਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀਵਨ ਚੱਕਰ</a>, ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਨਾਲ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਆਪਸੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਾਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਇੱਕ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੂਖਮ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੂਖਮ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82" title="ਅਣੂ">ਅਣੂ</a> ਪੱਧਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਇਸਦੇ ਅੰਤਰਗਤ ਕਈ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪ੍ਰੋਕ੍ਰਿਔਟ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪ੍ਰੋਕ੍ਰਿਔਟਿਕ ਸੈੱਲ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਇਔਕ੍ਰਿਔਟ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇਔਕ੍ਰਿਔਟਿਕ ਸੈੱਲ</a> ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਸੈੱਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਜਾਣਨਾ ਕਿ ਸੈੱਲ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੈਂਸਰ">ਕੈਂਸਰ</a> ਵਰਗੀਆਂ ਬਿਮਾਰੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਬਿਮਾਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਵ-ਚਿਕਿਤਸਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀਵ-ਚਿਕਿਤਸਾ</a> (ਬਾਇਓ-ਮੈਡੀਕਲ) ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਅੰਦਰ ਖੋਜ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਵੀ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਹੈ। ਸੈੱਲ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਖੋਜ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਨੁਵੰਸ਼ਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਨੁਵੰਸ਼ਕੀ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੈਨੇਟਿਕਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੈਨੇਟਿਕਸ</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਵ-ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀਵ-ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬਾਇਓਕੈਮਿਸਟਰੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬਾਇਓਕੈਮਿਸਟਰੀ</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮੌਲੀਕਿਉਲਰ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮੌਲੀਕਿਉਲਰ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਰੋਗ-ਪ੍ਰਤੀਰੋਧੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਰੋਗ-ਪ੍ਰਤੀਰੋਧੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਇਮੀਉਨੌਲੋਜੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇਮੀਉਨੌਲੋਜੀ</a>), ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਕਾਸਾਤਮਿਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਿਕਾਸਾਤਮਿਕ ਜੀਵ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਡਿਵੈਲਪਮੈਂਟਲ ਬਾਇਓਲੋਜੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਡਿਵੈਲਪਮੈਂਟਲ ਬਾਇਓਲੋਜੀ</a>) ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਬਣਤਰਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.85.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.88.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.A3.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਬਣਤਰਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ_ਅਤੇ_ਅਣੂਆਤਮਿਕ_ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A3.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A3.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਣੂਆਤਮਿਕ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਅਣੂਆਤਮਿਕ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਅੰਗ_(ਔਰਗਨਲਜ਼)"><span id=".E0.A8.85.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.97_.28.E0.A8.94.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.97.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.BC.29"></span>ਅੰਗ (ਔਰਗਨਲਜ਼)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਅੰਗ (ਔਰਗਨਲਜ਼)"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.95.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਵਾਧਾ_ਅਤੇ_ਵਿਕਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A7.E0.A8.BE_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਵਾਧਾ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਵਾਧਾ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਹੋਰ_ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ_ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.B0_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.88.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.95.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਹੋਰ ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹੋਰ ਸੈੱਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਆਵਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਸੈੱਲਾਂ_ਦੇ_ਅਧਿਐਨ_ਲਈ_ਵਰਤੀਆਂ_ਜਾਣ_ਵਾਲੀਆਂ_ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ"><span 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