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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Örnekler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Örnekler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Örnekler</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Örnekler-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Örnekler alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Örnekler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A_priori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_priori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>A priori</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_priori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_posteriori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_posteriori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><i>A posteriori</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_posteriori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarihi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarihi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tarihi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarihi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Tarihi alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarihi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erken_kullanımlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erken_kullanımlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Erken kullanımlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erken_kullanımlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immanuel_Kant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immanuel_Kant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Immanuel Kant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immanuel_Kant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Johann_Fichte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johann_Fichte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Johann Fichte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johann_Fichte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">A priori ve a posteriori</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 30 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="قبلي وبعدي - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قبلي وبعدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_y_a_posteriori" title="A priori y a posteriori - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="A priori y a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7" title="অভিজ্ঞতা-নিরপেক্ষ ও অভিজ্ঞতা-সাপেক্ষ - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভিজ্ঞতা-নিরপেক্ষ ও অভিজ্ঞতা-সাপেক্ষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_a_posteriori" title="A priori a posteriori - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="A priori a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پێشینی و پاشینی - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێشینی و پاشینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_a_posteriori_%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B7" title="A priori και a posteriori γνώση - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="A priori και a posteriori γνώση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori" title="A priori and a posteriori - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="A priori and a posteriori" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_kaj_a_posteriori" title="A priori kaj a posteriori - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="A priori kaj a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_y_a_posteriori" title="A priori y a posteriori - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="A priori y a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_eta_a_posteriori" title="A priori eta a posteriori - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="A priori eta a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پسینی و پیشینی - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پسینی و پیشینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_ja_a_posteriori" title="A priori ja a posteriori - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="A priori ja a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_et_a_posteriori" title="A priori et a posteriori - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="A priori et a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="אפריורי ואפוסטריורי - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפריורי ואפוסטריורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="प्रागनुभविक और अनुभवाश्रित - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रागनुभविक और अनुभवाश्रित" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_e_a_posteriori" title="A priori e a posteriori - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="A priori e a posteriori" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%99%80_%EC%95%84_%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC" title="아 프리오리와 아 포스테리오리 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아 프리오리와 아 포스테리오리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_un_a_posteriori" title="A priori un a posteriori - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="A priori un a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82,_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="അനുഭവ നിരപേക്ഷം, അനുഭവ സാപേക്ഷം - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അനുഭവ നിരപേക്ഷം, അനുഭവ സാപേക്ഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_og_a_posteriori" title="A priori og a posteriori - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="A priori og a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_y_a_posteriori" title="A priori y a posteriori - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="A priori y a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_e_a_posteriori" title="A priori e a posteriori - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="A priori e a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_%C8%99i_a_posteriori" title="A priori și a posteriori - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A priori și a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priuri_e_a_pustiriuri" title="A priuri e a pustiriuri - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="A priuri e a pustiriuri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori" title="A priori and a posteriori - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="A priori and a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_%D1%96_a_posteriori" title="A priori і a posteriori - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="A priori і a posteriori" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بنفسیہ و بمثلیہ - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنفسیہ و بمثلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposteriori_va_apriori" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><p><i><b>A priori</b></i> ve <i><b>a posteriori</b></i> (sırasıyla 'önsel' ve 'sonradan'), <a href="/wiki/Felsefe" title="Felsefe">felsefede</a> <a href="/wiki/Bilgi" title="Bilgi">bilgi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerek%C3%A7e_(epistemoloji)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerekçe (epistemoloji) (sayfa mevcut değil)">gerekçelendirme</a> veya <a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%BCman" title="Argüman">argüman</a> türlerini <a href="/wiki/Ampirik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampirik">ampirik</a> kanıt veya deneyime güvenerek ayırt etmek için kullanılan Latince ifadelerdir. <i><a href="/wiki/A_priori" title="A priori">A priori</a></i> bilgi, <a href="/wiki/Tecr%C3%BCbe" title="Tecrübe">deneyimden</a> bağımsız olandır. Örnek olarak <a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">matematik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Totoloji_(mant%C4%B1k)" title="Totoloji (mantık)">totoloji</a> ve <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmdengelim" title="Tümdengelim">saf akıldan çıkarımı</a> içerir. <a href="/wiki/A_posteriori" title="A posteriori"><i>A</i> po<i>steriori</i></a> bilgi, <a href="/wiki/Ampirik_kan%C4%B1t" title="Ampirik kanıt">deneysel kanıta</a> dayalı olandır. Örnekler çoğu <a href="/wiki/Bilim" title="Bilim">bilim</a> alanını ve kişisel bilginin yönlerini içerir. </p><p>Her iki terim de <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96klid%27in_Elementleri" title="Öklid'in Elementleri">Öklid'in Elementleri</a></i>'nde yer alır, ancak <a href="/wiki/Felsefe" title="Felsefe">felsefe</a> tarihindeki en etkili eserlerden biri olan <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>'ın <i><a href="/wiki/Saf_Akl%C4%B1n_Ele%C5%9Ftirisi" title="Saf Aklın Eleştirisi">Saf Aklın Eleştirisi</a></i> tarafından popüler hale getirilmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBird1995_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBird1995-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Örnekler"><span id=".C3.96rnekler"></span>Örnekler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Örnekler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Örnekler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A priori</i> ve <i>a posteriori</i> bilgi arasındaki sezgisel ayrım, en iyi şekilde örneklerle görülür: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_priori"><i>A priori</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: A priori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: A priori"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Şu <a href="/wiki/%C3%96nerme" title="Önerme">önermeyi</a> düşünün: "Eğer <a href="/wiki/V._George" title="V. George">V. George</a> en az dört gün hüküm sürmüşse, o zaman üç günden fazla hüküm sürmüştür." Bu, kişinin <i>a priori</i> bildiği bir şeydir, çünkü kişinin akıldan başka bir yola başvurmadan türetilebileceği bir ifadeyi ifade eder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_posteriori"><i>A posteriori</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: A posteriori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: A posteriori"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yukarıdakini şu cümleyle ifade edilen önermeyle karşılaştırın: "V. George 1910'dan 1936'ya kadar hüküm sürdü." Bu, (eğer doğruysa) kişinin <i>a posteriori</i> (sonradan) tanıması gereken bir şeydir, çünkü yalnızca akla göre bilinemeyen deneysel bir gerçeği ifade eder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarihi">Tarihi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarihi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarihi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erken_kullanımlar"><span id="Erken_kullan.C4.B1mlar"></span>Erken kullanımlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Erken kullanımlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Erken kullanımlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A priori</i> terimi <a href="/wiki/Latince" title="Latince">Latincede</a> 'önce gelen' anlamına gelir (veya daha az doğrudan anlamıyla 'deneyimden önceki ilk ilkelerden gelen'). Tersine, <i>posteriori</i> terimi <a href="/wiki/Latince" title="Latince">Latince</a> 'sonra gelenden' (veya 'deneyimden sonra') anlamına gelir. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erken_modern_d%C3%B6nem_Avrupas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Erken modern dönem Avrupası">Erken modern dönem Avrupasında</a> geniş çapta hassas düşünme modeli olarak kabul edilen bir eser olan <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96klid%27in_Elementleri" title="Öklid'in Elementleri">Öklid'in Elementleri</a></i>'nin Latince çevirilerinde görünürler. </p><p><i>A priori</i> bilginin erken felsefi kullanım örneklerinden (bu isimle kullanılmamış olsa da) <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a>'un hatırlama öğretisidir. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meno_diyalo%C4%9Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meno diyaloğu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Meno diyaloğunda</a>; <i>a priori</i> bilgiye benzer bir şeyin insan zihninde içten gelen bilgi olduğundan bahseder. </p><p>14. yüzyıl mantıkçılarından <a href="/wiki/Saksonyal%C4%B1_Albert_(filozof)" title="Saksonyalı Albert (filozof)">Saksonyalı Albert</a>, hem <i>a priori</i> hem de <i>posteriori</i> üzerine yazmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz">G.W. Leibniz</a>, "Bilgi, Hakikat ve Fikirler Üzerine Düşünceler" (1684) adlı kısa yazısında fikirlere <i>a priori</i> ve <i>a posteriori</i> kriterleriyle ayrım getirmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELook2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELook2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monadoloji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monadoloji (sayfa mevcut değil)">Monadology</a>'</i>sinde (1714) Tanrı'nın varlığına dair <i>a priori</i> ve <i>a posteriori</i> argümanlar yer alır.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELook2007_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELook2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immanuel_Kant">Immanuel Kant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Immanuel Kant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Immanuel Kant"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>18. yüzyıl Alman filozofu <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> (1781) <a href="/wiki/Ak%C4%B1lc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Akılcılık">rasyonalist</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Deneycilik" title="Deneycilik">ampirist</a> teorilerin bir karışımını savundu. Kant, "Tüm bilişimiz deneyimle başlasa da, bunun deneyimden ortaya çıktığı [deneyim tarafından yapıldığı] sonucu çıkmaz" der.<sup id="cite_ref-kant_1781_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kant_1781-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kant'a göre, <i>a priori</i> biliş <a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C5%9Fk%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k_(felsefe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aşkınlık (felsefe) (sayfa mevcut değil)">aşkındır</a> veya olası tüm deneyimlerin <i>biçimine</i> dayanırken, <i>a posteriori</i> biliş deneyimin <i>içeriğine</i> dayalı olarak deneyseldir: </p> <table align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse;border-style:none;background-color:transparent;max-width:75em;width:85%; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:3.5em;font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 0;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="padding:0 1em; text-align: justify">Ampirik bilgimizin, izlenimler yoluyla elde ettiğimiz ve biliş fakültesinin kendisinden duyumsal izlenimler [duyu verileri] sağladığı ve yalnızca <i>fırsat</i> [bir nedenin etkisini üretme fırsatı] verdiği bilginin bir bileşimi olması oldukça olasıdır. </td> <td valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:3.5em;font-family:serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 0;">„ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding:1em 0 0 0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Terimin çağdaş kullanımlarının aksine Kant, <i>a priori</i> bilginin deneyimin içeriğinden tamamen bağımsız olmadığına inanır. <a href="/wiki/Ak%C4%B1lc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Akılcılık">Rasyonalistlerin</a> aksine Kant, saf haliyle, yani herhangi bir ampirik içeriğin karışımı olmadan, <i>a priori</i> bilişin, olası deneyim koşullarının çıkarımıyla sınırlı olduğunu düşünür. Bu <i>a priori</i> veya aşkın koşullar, kişinin bilişsel yeteneklerinde yer alır ve genel olarak deneyimle veya özel olarak herhangi bir deneyimle sağlanmaz (her ne kadar <i>a priori</i> sezgilerin deneyimle "tetiklenebileceğine" dair bir argüman olsa da). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Johann_Fichte">Johann Fichte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Johann Fichte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Johann Fichte"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kant'ın ölümünden sonra bazı filozoflar kendilerini, Kant'ın felsefesini düzeltirken buldular ve genişletici olarak gördüler, bu da <a href="/wiki/Alman_idealizmi" title="Alman idealizmi">Alman idealizmine</a> yol açtı. Bu filozoflardan biri <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Fichte</a> idi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notlar">Notlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Notlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=8" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Notlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBird1995-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBird1995_1-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBird1995">Bird 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-EB_2-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoiberg2010">Hoiberg 2010</a>, s. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELook2007-3"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELook2007_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELook2007_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLook2007">Look 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kant_1781-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-kant_1781_4-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKant1781">Kant 1781</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&action=edit&section=9" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="kaynak web">Baehr, Jason S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100309135741/http://www.iep.utm.edu/apriori/">"A Priori and A Posteriori"</a>. <i>Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. 9 Mart 2010 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/apriori/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=A+Priori+and+A+Posteriori&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Baehr&rft.aufirst=Jason+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fapriori%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Bird, Graham (1995). Honderich, Ted (Ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hond/page/439"><i>The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-19-866132-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-19-866132-0">0-19-866132-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-866132-0&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00hond%2Fpage%2F439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Boghossian, Paul Artin (2003) [1997]. "14: Analyticity". Hale, Bob; Wright, Crispin (Ed.). <i>A Companion to the Philosophy of Language</i>. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0631213260" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0631213260">978-0631213260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=14%3A+Analyticity&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Philosophy+of+Language&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.series=Blackwell+Companions+to+Philosophy&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0631213260&rft.aulast=Boghossian&rft.aufirst=Paul+Artin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Fodor, Jerry (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conceptswherecog0000fodo"><i>Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong</i></a>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0198236368" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0198236368">978-0198236368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts%3A+Where+Cognitive+Science+Went+Wrong&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0198236368&rft.aulast=Fodor&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconceptswherecog0000fodo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Hoiberg, Dale H., (Ed.) (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency">"a priori knowledge"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. I: A-Ak - Bayes</i> (15. bas.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-1-59339-837-8">978-1-59339-837-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=a+priori+knowledge&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Vol.+I%3A+A-Ak+-+Bayes&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.edition=15.&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopaedia2009ency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Kant, Immanuel (1781). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b7w8AAAAYAAJ&q=critique+of+pure+reason&pg=PA15"><i>Kritik der reinen Vernunft</i></a> [<i>Critique of Pure Reason</i>]. Im Insel-Verlag. 19 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210219064824/https://books.google.com/books?id=b7w8AAAAYAAJ&q=critique+of+pure+reason&pg=PA15">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Ocak</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kritik+der+reinen+Vernunft&rft.pub=Im+Insel-Verlag&rft.date=1781&rft.aulast=Kant&rft.aufirst=Immanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db7w8AAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dcritique%2Bof%2Bpure%2Breason%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kitcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Kitcher">Kitcher, Philip</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AKwmGycd6yYC&pg=PA65">"A Priori Knowledge Revisited"</a>. Boghossian, Paul; Peacocke, Christopher (Ed.). <i>New Essays on the A Priori</i>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0199241279" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0199241279">978-0199241279</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Priori+Knowledge+Revisited&rft.btitle=New+Essays+on+the+A+Priori&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0199241279&rft.aulast=Kitcher&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAKwmGycd6yYC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Look, Brandon C. (22 Aralık 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/leibniz/">"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz"</a>. Zalta, Edward N. (Ed.). <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (2020 İlkbahar bas.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 22 Mayıs 2020</span> – Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University vasıtasıyla.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gottfried+Wilhelm+Leibniz&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=2020+%C4%B0lkbahar&rft.date=2007-12-22&rft.aulast=Look&rft.aufirst=Brandon+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fspr2020%2Fentries%2Fleibniz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Macleod, Christopher (25 Ağustos 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/mill/">"John Stuart Mill"</a>. Zalta, Edward N. (Ed.). <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (Summer 2020 bas.) – Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University vasıtasıyla.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Stuart+Mill&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=Summer+2020&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.aulast=Macleod&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fsum2020%2Fentries%2Fmill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Palmquist, Stephen (1 Aralık 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_review-of-metaphysics_1987-12_41_2/page/255">"<i>A Priori</i> Knowledge in Perspective: (II) Naming, Necessity and the Analytic A Posteriori"</a>. <i>The Review of Metaphysics</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 255-282.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Priori+Knowledge+in+Perspective%3A+%28II%29+Naming%2C+Necessity+and+the+Analytic+A+Posteriori&rft.pages=255-282&rft.date=1987-12-01&rft.aulast=Palmquist&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_review-of-metaphysics_1987-12_41_2%2Fpage%2F255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Quine, Willard Van Orman (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ditext.com/quine/quine.html">"Two Dogmas of Empiricism"</a>. <i>The Philosophical Review</i>. <b>60</b> (1): 20-43. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2181906">10.2307/2181906</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2181906">2181906</a>. 13 Kasım 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113060456/http://www.ditext.com/quine/quine.html">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">23 Ocak</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Dogmas+of+Empiricism&rft.pages=20-43&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2181906&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2181906&rft.aulast=Quine&rft.aufirst=Willard+Van+Orman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ditext.com%2Fquine%2Fquine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Sloman, A. (1 Ekim 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_analysis_1965-10_26_1/page/12">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Necessary', 'a priori' and 'analytic<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>Analysis</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 12-16. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/26.1.12">10.1093/analys/26.1.12</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Necessary%27%2C+%27a+priori%27+and+%27analytic%27&rft.pages=12-16&rft.date=1965-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fanalys%2F26.1.12&rft.aulast=Sloman&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_analysis_1965-10_26_1%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Sommers, Tamler (1 Mart 2003). Jarman, Casey (Ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.believermag.com/issues/200303/?read=interview_strawson">"Galen Strawson (interview)"</a>. <i>Believer Magazine</i>. San Francisco, CA: McSweeney's McMullens. <b>1</b> (1). 25 Şubat 2012 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225043625/http://www.believermag.com/issues/200303/?read=interview_strawson">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">10 Temmuz</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Galen+Strawson+%28interview%29&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pub=McSweeney%27s+McMullens&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Tamler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.believermag.com%2Fissues%2F200303%2F%3Fread%3Dinterview_strawson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AA+priori+ve+a+posteriori" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&oldid=32476477">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_priori_ve_a_posteriori&oldid=32476477</a>" sayfasından alınmıştır</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Kategoriler" title="Özel:Kategoriler">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:D%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCnce" title="Kategori:Düşünce">Düşünce</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Aristo_mant%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Aristo mantığı">Aristo mantığı</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bilgi_kaynaklar%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Bilgi kaynakları">Bilgi kaynakları</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ger%C3%A7eklik" title="Kategori:Gerçeklik">Gerçeklik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ak%C4%B1lc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Kategori:Akılcılık">Akılcılık</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Zihin_felsefesi" title="Kategori:Zihin felsefesi">Zihin felsefesi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mant%C4%B1k_felsefesi" title="Kategori:Mantık felsefesi">Mantık felsefesi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:E%C4%9Fitim_felsefesi" title="Kategori:Eğitim felsefesi">Eğitim felsefesi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Felsefi_teoriler" title="Kategori:Felsefi teoriler">Felsefi teoriler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Felsefi_mant%C4%B1k" title="Kategori:Felsefi mantık">Felsefi mantık</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Felsefi_kavramlar" title="Kategori:Felsefi kavramlar">Felsefi kavramlar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Zihinsel_s%C3%BCre%C3%A7ler" title="Kategori:Zihinsel süreçler">Zihinsel süreçler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Latince_felsefi_deyi%C5%9Fler" title="Kategori:Latince felsefi deyişler">Latince felsefi deyişler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Latince_mant%C4%B1k_deyi%C5%9Fleri" title="Kategori:Latince mantık deyişleri">Latince mantık deyişleri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kant%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Kategori:Kantçılık">Kantçılık</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Deneycilik" title="Kategori:Deneycilik">Deneycilik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ele%C5%9Ftirel_d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCnme" title="Kategori:Eleştirel düşünme">Eleştirel düşünme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Epistemoloji_kavramlar%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Epistemoloji kavramları">Epistemoloji kavramları</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sayfa en son 22.08, 12 Nisan 2024 tarihinde değiştirildi.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Metin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr">Creative Commons Atıf-AynıLisanslaPaylaş Lisansı</a> altındadır ve ek koşullar uygulanabilir. 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