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Alan W. Black - Wikipedia

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Black</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Alan W Black</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_W._Black.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alan_W._Black.jpg/220px-Alan_W._Black.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="417" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alan_W._Black.jpg/330px-Alan_W._Black.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alan_W._Black.jpg/440px-Alan_W._Black.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="3102" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Alan W Black</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">Speech synthesis</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Robin Cooper and Graeme Ritchie</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alan W Black</b> is a Scottish <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a>, known for his research on <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a>. He is a professor in the <a href="/wiki/Language_Technologies_Institute" title="Language Technologies Institute">Language Technologies Institute</a> at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biosketch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosketch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Black did his undergraduate studies at <a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry University</a>, graduating in 1984. He earned a master's degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> in 1986 and a Ph.D. from the same university in 1993. After working at the Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International in <a href="/wiki/Kansai_Science_City" title="Kansai Science City">Kansai Science City</a>, Japan and at the University of Edinburgh, he took a research faculty position at Carnegie Mellon in 1999. In 2008 he became a regular faculty member with tenure at CMU.<sup id="cite_ref-biosketch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biosketch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Black wrote the <a href="/wiki/Festival_Speech_Synthesis_System" title="Festival Speech Synthesis System">Festival Speech Synthesis System</a> at Edinburgh, and continues to develop it at Carnegie Mellon. He has also worked on <a href="/wiki/Machine_translation" title="Machine translation">machine translation</a> of speech at CMU,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and is the co-founder and was chief scientist at <a href="/wiki/Cepstral_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Cepstral LLC">Cepstral</a>, a Pittsburgh-based speech translation technology company.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_W._Black&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Faculty/">LTI faculty listing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620120130/http://www.lti.cs.cmu.edu/Faculty/">Archived</a> 20 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 2010-07-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biosketch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biosketch_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biosketch_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/bioawb2010.pdf">Biographical sketch</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021025714/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/bioawb2010.pdf">Archived</a> 21 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Black's CMU web site, retrieved 2010-07-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg2001" class="citation cs2">Eisenberg, Anne (4 June 2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/14/technology/what-s-next-roaming-the-world-with-a-translator-in-your-pocket.html">"What's Next: Roaming the World With a Translator in Your Pocket"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135152/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/14/technology/what-s-next-roaming-the-world-with-a-translator-in-your-pocket.html">archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=What%27s+Next%3A+Roaming+the+World+With+a+Translator+in+Your+Pocket&amp;rft.date=2001-06-04&amp;rft.aulast=Eisenberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F06%2F14%2Ftechnology%2Fwhat-s-next-roaming-the-world-with-a-translator-in-your-pocket.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+W.+Black" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeomans2003" class="citation cs2">Yeomans, Michael (13 April 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080830013806/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_128481.html">"High-tech translation"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review" title="Pittsburgh Tribune-Review">Pittsburgh Tribune-Review</a></i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_128481.html">the original</a> on 30 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Tribune-Review&amp;rft.atitle=High-tech+translation&amp;rft.date=2003-04-13&amp;rft.aulast=Yeomans&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittsburghlive.com%2Fx%2Fpittsburghtrib%2Fs_128481.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+W.+Black" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050318084801/http://www.cepstral.com/cgi-bin/company?page=leadership">Cepstral leadership</a>, retrieved 2010-07-18.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_W._Black&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/">Faculty web page</a> at CMU</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Es-YRKMAAAAJ">Alan W. Black</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4707964#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4707964#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4707964#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119467602">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/13019426">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXwrM8tV69vty98KDrMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83216300">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Black, Alan W."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=xx0312094&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068901364">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007430054505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-8831">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:black.alan-w">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Es-YRKMAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/b/AlanWBlack">DBLP</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sz13f2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><big><b>P&#160;≟&#160;NP</b></big>&#160;</td><td><p class="asbox-body">This 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