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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert L. Wilkins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Wilkins_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Robert_Wilkins_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Robert_Wilkins_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Robert_Wilkins_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Robert_Wilkins_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Robert_Wilkins_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Wilkins in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 15, 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">David B. Sentelle</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 27, 2010 – January 24, 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Robertson_(judge)" title="James Robertson (judge)">James Robertson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Moss" title="Randolph Moss">Randolph Moss</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Leon Wilkins</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1963-10-02</span>) </span>October 2, 1963<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 61)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Muncie,_Indiana" title="Muncie, Indiana">Muncie, Indiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rose%E2%80%93Hulman_Institute_of_Technology" title="Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology">Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Leon Wilkins</b> (born October 2, 1963) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States circuit judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a>. He previously served as a judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a> from 2010 to 2014. </p><p>Wilkins' 2013 nomination to the D.C. Circuit, along with the nominations of <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Millett" title="Patricia Millett">Patricia Millett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nina_Pillard" class="mw-redirect" title="Nina Pillard">Nina Pillard</a>, ultimately became central to the debate over the use of the <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a> in the United States Senate, leading to the use of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_option" title="Nuclear option">nuclear option</a> to bring it to the floor for a vote. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wilkins was born in 1963 in <a href="/wiki/Muncie,_Indiana" title="Muncie, Indiana">Muncie, Indiana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-judicial_senate_questionnaire_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judicial_senate_questionnaire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he was raised by a single mother.<sup id="cite_ref-legal_times_90_greatest_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legal_times_90_greatest-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rose%E2%80%93Hulman_Institute_of_Technology" title="Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology">Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology</a>, graduating in 1986 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">cum laude</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rose_hulman_20100805_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose_hulman_20100805-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilkins then attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, where he was an executive editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Civil_Rights%E2%80%93Civil_Liberties_Law_Review" title="Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review">Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review</a></i>. He graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-whgov_20100520_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whgov_20100520-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_career">Professional career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professional career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After law school, Wilkins was a <a href="/wiki/Law_clerk" title="Law clerk">law clerk</a> for Judge <a href="/wiki/Earl_Ben_Gilliam" title="Earl Ben Gilliam">Earl Ben Gilliam</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California</a> from 1989 to 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-rose_hulman_20100601_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose_hulman_20100601-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilkins worked at the <a href="/wiki/Public_Defender_Service_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia">Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia</a> from 1990 to 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-judicial_senate_questionnaire_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judicial_senate_questionnaire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving as chief of special litigation from 1996 to 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-whgov_20100520_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whgov_20100520-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2002 to 2010, Wilkins was in private practice as a <a href="/wiki/Partner_(business_rank)" title="Partner (business rank)">partner</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> law firm <a href="/wiki/Venable_LLP" title="Venable LLP">Venable LLP</a>, where he litigated <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> disputes and other cases.<sup id="cite_ref-wapo_20100531_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo_20100531-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilkins was a member of the presidential commission that advised President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> on the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">National Museum of African American History and Culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_20060131_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_20060131-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote about this experience, and the long history of the project, in <i>Long Road to Hard Truth: The 100 Year Mission to Create the National Museum of African American History and Culture</i>, published in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wilkins_v._Maryland_State_Police"><i>Wilkins v. Maryland State Police</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wilkins v. Maryland State Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1992, Wilkins was in a rented vehicle with three other family members when they were pulled over by <a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_Police" title="Maryland State Police">Maryland State Police</a> for violating the <a href="/wiki/Speed_limit" title="Speed limit">speed limit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-muffler_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muffler-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the Maryland State Police Department instructed their officers to focus on black males in expensive vehicles when conducting <a href="/wiki/Traffic_stops" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic stops">traffic stops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_19990524_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_19990524-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilkins filed suit in the case of <i>Wilkins v. Maryland State Police</i> and eventually won a "landmark" settlement against the state of Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_19990524_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_19990524-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the case settlement, Maryland was required to maintain records of all traffic stops that resulted in vehicle search requests.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_19990524_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt_19990524-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case helped bring national attention to the practice of <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a> and helped popularize the term "<a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">driving while black</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-newshour_20010313_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshour_20010313-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dwb_meeks_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dwb_meeks-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_judicial_service">Federal judicial service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Federal judicial service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_court_service">District court service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: District court service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/111th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="111th Congress">111th Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">Delegate</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Eleanor Holmes Norton</a> recommended Wilkins for filling a vacancy on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blt_20100520_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blt_20100520-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 20, 2010, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> nominated Wilkins to be a judge on the District Court for the District of Columbia, to a seat vacated by Judge <a href="/wiki/James_Robertson_(judge)" title="James Robertson (judge)">James Robertson</a>, who assumed <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a> on December 31, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-whgov_20100520_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whgov_20100520-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on December 22, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-blt_20101222_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blt_20101222-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilkins received his commission on December 27, 2010. His service as a district court judge was terminated on January 24, 2014 when he was elevated to the court of appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_nominates_Robert_Leon_Wilkins_Cornelia_Nina_Pillard_and_Patricia_Millett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Barack_Obama_nominates_Robert_Leon_Wilkins_Cornelia_Nina_Pillard_and_Patricia_Millett.jpg/250px-President_Barack_Obama_nominates_Robert_Leon_Wilkins_Cornelia_Nina_Pillard_and_Patricia_Millett.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Barack_Obama_nominates_Robert_Leon_Wilkins_Cornelia_Nina_Pillard_and_Patricia_Millett.jpg/375px-President_Barack_Obama_nominates_Robert_Leon_Wilkins_Cornelia_Nina_Pillard_and_Patricia_Millett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Barack_Obama_nominates_Robert_Leon_Wilkins_Cornelia_Nina_Pillard_and_Patricia_Millett.jpg/500px-President_Barack_Obama_nominates_Robert_Leon_Wilkins_Cornelia_Nina_Pillard_and_Patricia_Millett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>President Barack Obama delivers a statement announcing the nomination of Robert Leon Wilkins, <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Pillard" title="Cornelia Pillard">Cornelia Pillard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Millett" title="Patricia Millett">Patricia Millett</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D.C._Circuit_service">D.C. Circuit service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: D.C. Circuit service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 4, 2013, President Obama nominated Wilkins to serve as a United States Circuit Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, to the seat vacated by Judge <a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">David B. Sentelle</a>, who assumed <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a> on February 12, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 31, 2013, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a> voted to report Wilkins' nomination to the floor of the United States Senate by a 10–8, party-line vote.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 14, 2013, Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a> moved to invoke <a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">cloture</a> on Wilkins' nomination, seeking to end a <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a> of his nomination by Senate Republicans. The Senate failed to invoke cloture on November 18, 2013, by a 53–38 vote, with <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> voting "present".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reid planned to hold a vote on Wilkins' nomination before the Senate adjourned for the year on December 20, but the vote did not take place. Cloture was subsequently invoked on January 9, 2014, by a 55–38 vote, with <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> voting "present".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on January 13, 2014 by a 55–43 vote.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His confirmation marked the first time the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit had a full complement of judges in over 22 years since <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> left the court on October 23, 1991, upon his joining the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He received his commission on January 15, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fjc.gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> on February 13, 2016, Wilkins' name was among those mentioned by court-watchers as a possible successor.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2018, Wilkins wrote for the majority when it found that a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> staff letter rejecting an earlier staff letter and concluding that use of <a href="/wiki/Soundboard_(computer_program)" title="Soundboard (computer program)">soundboard technology</a> violates the <a href="/wiki/Telemarketing_and_Consumer_Fraud_and_Abuse_Prevention_Act" title="Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act">Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act</a> was not itself subject to <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">judicial review</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Act_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative Procedure Act (United States)">Administrative Procedure Act</a>, over the dissent of Judge <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Millett" title="Patricia Millett">Patricia Millett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_federal_judges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American federal judges">List of African-American federal judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American jurists">List of African-American jurists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-judicial_senate_questionnaire-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-judicial_senate_questionnaire_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-judicial_senate_questionnaire_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Robert-Wilkins-Senate-Questionnaire-Final.pdf">Senate Judiciary Committee Questionnaire: Robert Leon Wilkins</a>, (May 19, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-legal_times_90_greatest-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-legal_times_90_greatest_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venable.com/files/Publication/8c7862b0-9619-4e4c-ae4f-d93e3fc80bdb/Preview/PublicationAttachment/6e80627e-13b8-4bf0-ac80-d9691cd6e097/Wilkins%20Reprint%20%205-19-08.pdf">The 90 Greatest Washington Lawyers of the last 30 Years: Robert Wilkins</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Times">Legal Times</a></i> (May 19, 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rose_hulman_20100805-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rose_hulman_20100805_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.rose-hulman.edu/news/46856/">Alumnus Robert Wilkins Clears Next Hurdle in Nomination to Become U.S. District Court Judge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311060736/http://alumni.rose-hulman.edu/news/46856/">Archived</a> March 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Rose–Hulman Alumni Affairs</i> (August 5, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whgov_20100520-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whgov_20100520_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whgov_20100520_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whgov_20100520_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-names-three-united-states-district-court-0">"President Obama Names Three to United States District Court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. May 20, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216172254/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-names-three-united-states-district-court-0">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=President+Obama+Names+Three+to+United+States+District+Court&rft.date=2010-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2Fpresident-obama-names-three-united-states-district-court-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/president-obama-names-three-united-states-district-court-0">Alt URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fjc.gov-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fjc.gov_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1393586">Robert L. Wilkins</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rose_hulman_20100601-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rose_hulman_20100601_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.rose-hulman.edu/news/43042/Alumni-News-Obama-Nominates-Alumnus-Robert-Wilkins-for-Federal-Bench-i.htm">Obama Nominates Alumnus Robert Wilkins for Federal Bench in Washington, D.C.</a>, <i>Rose–Hulman Alumni Affairs</i> (June 1, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo_20100531-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wapo_20100531_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2010" class="citation news cs1">Becker, Amanda (May 31, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/28/AR2010052804287.html">"Venable partner nominated U.S. District Court seat"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Venable+partner+nominated+U.S.+District+Court+seat&rft.date=2010-05-31&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F05%2F28%2FAR2010052804287.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt_20060131-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_20060131_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynette Clemetson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/31/arts/design/31museum.html">Smithsonian Picks Notable Spot for Its Museum of Black History</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (January 31, 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muffler-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muffler_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuffler2006" class="citation book cs1">Muffler, Steven J (2006). <i>Racial Profiling: Issues, Data and Analyses</i>. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59454-547-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59454-547-4"><bdi>978-1-59454-547-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racial+Profiling%3A+Issues%2C+Data+and+Analyses&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Nova+Science+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59454-547-4&rft.aulast=Muffler&rft.aufirst=Steven+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt_19990524-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_19990524_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_19990524_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_19990524_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brent Staples, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/24/opinion/editorial-observer-why-racial-profiling-will-be-tough-to-fight.html">Editorial Observer; Why 'Racial Profiling' Will be Tough to Fight</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (May 24, 1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclu.org/racial-justice/aclu-civil-rights-groups-and-maryland-officials-reach-landmark-racial-profiling-settl">"ACLU, Civil Rights Groups and Maryland Officials Reach Landmark Racial Profiling Settlement"</a>. <i>aclu.org</i>, April 2, 2003. Retrieved December 23, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newshour_20010313-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newshour_20010313_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/race_relations/jan-june01/profiling_3-13.htm">Racial Profiling</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/NewsHour_with_Jim_Lehrer" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsHour with Jim Lehrer">Transcript: NewsHour with Jim Lehrer</a></i> (March 13, 2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dwb_meeks-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dwb_meeks_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeeks2010" class="citation book cs1">Meeks, Kenneth (March 10, 2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drivingwhileblac00meek"><i>Driving While Black: What To Do If You Are A Victim of Racial Profiling</i></a></span>. Broadway. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drivingwhileblac00meek/page/21">21</a>–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0549-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0549-7"><bdi>978-0-7679-0549-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driving+While+Black%3A+What+To+Do+If+You+Are+A+Victim+of+Racial+Profiling&rft.pages=21-38&rft.pub=Broadway&rft.date=2010-03-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7679-0549-7&rft.aulast=Meeks&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrivingwhileblac00meek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blt_20100520-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blt_20100520_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Scarcella, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legaltimes.typepad.com/blt/2010/05/venables-robert-wilkins-nominated-for-federal-bench-in-dc.html">Venable's Robert Wilkins Nominated for Federal Bench in D.C.</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Times">The Blog of Legal Times</a></i> (May 20, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blt_20101222-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blt_20101222_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Ingram, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legaltimes.typepad.com/blt/2010/12/senate-confirms-five-judicial-nominees.html">Senate Confirms Five Judicial Nominees</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Times">The Blog of Legal Times</a></i> (December 22, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShear2013" class="citation news cs1">Shear, Michael D. (June 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/05/us/politics/obama-to-name-3-to-top-appeals-court-in-challenge-to-republicans.html">"Obama Names 3 to Top Appeals Court in Challenge to Republicans"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Names+3+to+Top+Appeals+Court+in+Challenge+to+Republicans&rft.date=2013-06-03&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F06%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fobama-to-name-3-to-top-appeals-court-in-challenge-to-republicans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/ExecutiveBusinessMeetingResults-10-31-2013.pdf">"Results of Executive Business Meeting - October 31, 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+Executive+Business+Meeting+-+October+31%2C+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.judiciary.senate.gov%2Fimo%2Fmedia%2Fdoc%2FExecutiveBusinessMeetingResults-10-31-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legaltimes.typepad.com/blt/2013/10/robert-wilkins-nomination-for-dc-circuit-passes-committee.html">"Robert Wilkins Nomination for D.C. Circuit Passes Committee"</a>. <i>The BLT: The Blog of Legal Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+BLT%3A+The+Blog+of+Legal+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Wilkins+Nomination+for+D.C.+Circuit+Passes+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegaltimes.typepad.com%2Fblt%2F2013%2F10%2Frobert-wilkins-nomination-for-dc-circuit-passes-committee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=1&vote=00235">"On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Robert L. 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U.S. Senate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Cloture+Motion+%28Motion+to+Invoke+Cloture+on+the+Nomination+of+Robert+L.+Wilkins%2C+to+be+U.S.+Circuit+Judge+for+the+D.C.+Circuit%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Flegislative%2FLIS%2Froll_call_lists%2Froll_call_vote_cfm.cfm%3Fcongress%3D113%26session%3D1%26vote%3D00235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1132/vote_113_2_00006.htm">"On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Robert Wilkins to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the D.C. Circuit)"</a>. U.S. Senate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Cloture+Motion+%28Upon+Reconsideration+Motion+to+Invoke+Cloture+on+the+Nomination+of+Robert+Wilkins+to+be+U.S.+Circuit+Judge+for+the+D.C.+Circuit%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Flegislative%2FLIS%2Froll_call_votes%2Fvote1132%2Fvote_113_2_00006.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=113&session=2&vote=00007">"On the Nomination (Confirmation Robert Leon Wilkins, of D.C., to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the D.C. 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U.S. Senate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Nomination+%28Confirmation+Robert+Leon+Wilkins%2C+of+D.C.%2C+to+be+U.S.+Circuit+Judge+for+the+D.C.+Circuit%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Flegislative%2FLIS%2Froll_call_lists%2Froll_call_vote_cfm.cfm%3Fcongress%3D113%26session%3D2%26vote%3D00007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLithwick2016" class="citation news cs1">Lithwick, Dahlia (February 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/02/obama_s_supreme_court_shortlist_is_full_of_great_candidates.html">"Obama's Supreme Court Short List"</a>. Slate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obama%27s+Supreme+Court+Short+List&rft.date=2016-02-13&rft.aulast=Lithwick&rft.aufirst=Dahlia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fjurisprudence%2F2016%2F02%2Fobama_s_supreme_court_shortlist_is_full_of_great_candidates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Associated_Press2016" class="citation news cs1">The Associated Press (February 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/02/14/us/politics/ap-us-supreme-court-potential-justices.html">"Who Obama Might Nominate to Replace Scalia on Supreme Court"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Who+Obama+Might+Nominate+to+Replace+Scalia+on+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2016-02-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=The+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2016%2F02%2F14%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fap-us-supreme-court-potential-justices.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-scalia-successor-20160214-story.html">"In search for Scalia's successor, Obama may see GOP opposition as incentive to select a liberal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. February 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=In+search+for+Scalia%27s+successor%2C+Obama+may+see+GOP+opposition+as+incentive+to+select+a+liberal&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fla-na-scalia-successor-20160214-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+L.+Wilkins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1176897979">.mw-parser-output .bluebook-title{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-title i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite id="CITEREFNote2019">Note, <span class="bluebook-title bluebook-lock-none" title=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1345-1352_Online.pdf">Recent Case: D.C. Circuit Holds that Informal Staff Letters Are Not Eligible for Judicial Review Under the Administrative Procedure Act</a></span>, 132 <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harv. L. Rev.</a> 1345 (2019).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Soundboard Ass’n v. FTC</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=11325296486610540225">888 F.3d 1261</a> (D.C. Cir. 2018).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_L._Wilkins" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert L. Wilkins">Robert L. Wilkins</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1393586">Robert L. Wilkins</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Robert_Leon_Wilkins">Robert L. Wilkins</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?51093">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Robertson_(judge)" title="James Robertson (judge)">James Robertson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">United States District Court for the District of Columbia</a></span> </b><br />2010–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Randolph_D._Moss" class="mw-redirect" title="Randolph D. Moss">Randolph D. Moss</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">David B. Sentelle</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit</a></span> </b><br />2014–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_J._Barron" title="David J. Barron">Barron</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Gelp%C3%AD" title="Gustavo Gelpí">Gelpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara_Montecalvo" title="Lara Montecalvo">Montecalvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Rikelman" title="Julie Rikelman">Rikelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Aframe" title="Seth Aframe">Aframe</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levin_H._Campbell" title="Levin H. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Selya" title="Bruce M. Selya">Selya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Lynch" title="Sandra Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Lipez" title="Kermit Lipez">Lipez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Howard" title="Jeffrey R. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._Rogeriee_Thompson" title="O. Rogeriee Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Kayatta_Jr." title="William J. Kayatta Jr.">Kayatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Debra_Ann_Livingston" title="Debra Ann Livingston">Livingston</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lohier" title="Raymond Lohier">Lohier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Sullivan" title="Richard J. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Bianco" title="Joseph F. Bianco">Bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Park" title="Michael H. Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Nardini" title="William J. Nardini">Nardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Menashi" title="Steven Menashi">Menashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_C._Lee" title="Eunice C. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Robinson" title="Beth Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrna_P%C3%A9rez" title="Myrna Pérez">Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Nathan" title="Alison Nathan">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_A._L._Merriam" title="Sarah A. L. Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ara%C3%BAjo_Kahn" title="Maria Araújo Kahn">Kahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_O._Newman" title="Jon O. Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalya_Kearse" title="Amalya Kearse">Kearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Walker_Jr." title="John M. Walker Jr.">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jacobs" title="Dennis Jacobs">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_N._Leval" title="Pierre N. Leval">Leval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Calabresi" title="Guido Calabresi">Calabresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_A._Cabranes" title="José A. Cabranes">Cabranes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Sack" title="Robert D. Sack">Sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_D._Parker_Jr." title="Barrington D. Parker Jr.">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reena_Raggi" title="Reena Raggi">Raggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Wesley" title="Richard C. Wesley">Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_E._Lynch" title="Gerard E. Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Chin" title="Denny Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Carney" title="Susan L. Carney">Carney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chagares" title="Michael Chagares">Chagares</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_A._Jordan" title="Kent A. Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardiman" title="Thomas Hardiman">Hardiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Shwartz" title="Patty Shwartz">Shwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Ann_Krause" title="Cheryl Ann Krause">Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Felipe_Restrepo" title="L. Felipe Restrepo">Restrepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Bibas" title="Stephanos Bibas">Bibas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Porter_(judge)" title="David J. Porter (judge)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Matey" title="Paul Matey">Matey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Phipps" title="Peter J. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianna_J._Freeman" title="Arianna J. Freeman">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Montgomery-Reeves" title="Tamika Montgomery-Reeves">Montgomery-Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_K._Chung" title="Cindy K. Chung">Chung</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Scirica" title="Anthony Joseph Scirica">Scirica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cowen" title="Robert Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lowell_Nygaard" title="Richard Lowell Nygaard">Nygaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Richards_Roth" title="Jane Richards Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_McKee" title="Theodore McKee">McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Rendell" title="Marjorie Rendell">Rendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Ambro" title="Thomas L. Ambro">Ambro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_M._Fuentes" title="Julio M. Fuentes">Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Brooks_Smith" title="D. Brooks Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Michael_Fisher" title="D. Michael Fisher">Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">4th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Diaz</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._Niemeyer" title="Paul V. Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_King" title="Robert Bruce King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gregory" title="Roger Gregory">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Steven_Agee" title="G. Steven Agee">Agee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Wynn" title="James Andrew Wynn">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Thacker" title="Stephanie Thacker">Thacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Harris_(judge)" title="Pamela Harris (judge)">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_N._Richardson" title="Julius N. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Marvin_Quattlebaum_Jr." title="A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr.">Quattlebaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Jones_Rushing" title="Allison Jones Rushing">Rushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_J._Heytens" title="Toby J. Heytens">Heytens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeAndrea_G._Benjamin" title="DeAndrea G. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Berner" title="Nicole Berner">Berner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_Traxler_Jr." title="William Byrd Traxler Jr.">Traxler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Milano_Keenan" title="Barbara Milano Keenan">Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Floyd" title="Henry F. Floyd">Floyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Walker_Elrod" title="Jennifer Walker Elrod">Elrod</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Jones" title="Edith Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Edwin_Smith" title="Jerry Edwin Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Stewart" title="Carl E. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Richman" title="Priscilla Richman">Richman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_H._Southwick" title="Leslie H. Southwick">Southwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Haynes" title="Catharina Haynes">Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Graves_Jr." title="James E. Graves Jr.">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Higginson" title="Stephen A. Higginson">Higginson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Willett" title="Don Willett">Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Duncan_(judge)" title="Kyle Duncan (judge)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_D._Engelhardt" title="Kurt D. Engelhardt">Engelhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Oldham" title="Andrew Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_T._Wilson" title="Cory T. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Douglas" title="Dana Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Carrillo_Ramirez" title="Irma Carrillo Ramirez">Ramirez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Dineen_King" title="Carolyn Dineen King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Grady_Jolly" title="E. Grady Jolly">Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Higginbotham" title="Patrick Higginbotham">Higginbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Eugene_Davis" title="W. Eugene Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Duh%C3%A9_Jr." title="John M. Duhé Jr.">Duhé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_L._Wiener_Jr." title="Jacques L. Wiener Jr.">Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhesa_Barksdale" title="Rhesa Barksdale">Barksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Dennis" title="James L. Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Brown_Clement" title="Edith Brown Clement">Clement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sutton" title="Jeffrey Sutton">Sutton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nelson_Moore" title="Karen Nelson Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_L._Clay" title="Eric L. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_Griffin" title="Richard Allen Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kethledge" title="Raymond Kethledge">Kethledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Branstetter_Stranch" title="Jane Branstetter Stranch">Stranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amul_Thapar" title="Amul Thapar">Thapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Bush" title="John K. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Larsen" title="Joan Larsen">Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nalbandian" title="John Nalbandian">Nalbandian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Readler" title="Chad Readler">Readler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_E._Murphy" title="Eric E. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_D._Davis" title="Stephanie D. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Mathis" title="Andre Mathis">Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bloomekatz" title="Rachel Bloomekatz">Bloomekatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_G._Ritz" title="Kevin G. Ritz">Ritz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_B._Guy_Jr." title="Ralph B. Guy Jr.">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Ryan" title="James L. Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Julian_Boggs" title="Danny Julian Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Eugene_Norris" title="Alan Eugene Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fred_Suhrheinrich" title="Richard Fred Suhrheinrich">Suhrheinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Edward_Siler_Jr." title="Eugene Edward Siler Jr.">Siler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_M._Batchelder" title="Alice M. Batchelder">Batchelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Craig_Daughtrey" title="Martha Craig Daughtrey">Daughtrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Guy_Cole_Jr." title="R. Guy Cole Jr.">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lee_Gilman" title="Ronald Lee Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Smith_Gibbons" title="Julia Smith Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Rogers" title="John M. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_L._Cook" title="Deborah L. Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McKeague" title="David McKeague">McKeague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_White" title="Helene White">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diane_S._Sykes" title="Diane S. Sykes">Sykes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Easterbrook" title="Frank Easterbrook">Easterbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_B._Brennan" title="Michael B. Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Y._Scudder" title="Michael Y. Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_St._Eve" title="Amy St. Eve">St. Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kirsch" title="Thomas Kirsch">Kirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Jackson-Akiwumi" title="Candace Jackson-Akiwumi">Jackson-Akiwumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Lee" title="John Z. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Pryor" title="Doris Pryor">Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_P._Kolar" title="Joshua P. Kolar">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_L._Maldonado" title="Nancy L. Maldonado">Maldonado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bauer" title="William J. Bauer">Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Flaum" title="Joel Flaum">Flaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Francis_Ripple" title="Kenneth Francis Ripple">Ripple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilana_Rovner" title="Ilana Rovner">Rovner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hamilton_(judge)" title="David Hamilton (judge)">Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Steven_Colloton" title="Steven Colloton">Colloton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Loken" title="James B. Loken">Loken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavenski_Smith" title="Lavenski Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gruender" title="Raymond Gruender">Gruender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Benton" title="Duane Benton">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Shepherd" title="Bobby Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_L._Kelly" title="Jane L. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_R._Erickson" title="Ralph R. Erickson">Erickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Steven_Grasz" title="L. Steven Grasz">Grasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stras" title="David Stras">Stras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_A._Kobes" title="Jonathan A. Kobes">Kobes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasco_Bowman_II" title="Pasco Bowman II">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Leland_Wollman" title="Roger Leland Wollman">Wollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Arlen_Beam" title="C. Arlen Beam">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Hansen" title="David R. Hansen">Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_S._Arnold" title="Morris S. Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Melloy" title="Michael Joseph Melloy">Melloy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">9th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Murguia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_McLane_Wardlaw" title="Kim McLane Wardlaw">Wardlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Gould" title="Ronald M. Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_B._Rawlinson" title="Johnnie B. Rawlinson">Rawlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Callahan" title="Consuelo Callahan">Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Smith" title="Milan Smith">M. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Segal_Ikuta" title="Sandra Segal Ikuta">Ikuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Christen" title="Morgan Christen">Christen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Nguyen" title="Jacqueline Nguyen">Nguyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Owens" title="John B. Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Friedland" title="Michelle Friedland">Friedland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_J._Bennett" title="Mark J. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_D._Nelson" title="Ryan D. Nelson">R. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_D._Miller" title="Eric D. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_S._Bade" title="Bridget S. Bade">Bade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Collins" title="Daniel P. Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K._Lee" title="Kenneth K. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bress" title="Daniel Bress">Bress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_J._Forrest" title="Danielle J. Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Bumatay" title="Patrick J. Bumatay">Bumatay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_VanDyke" title="Lawrence VanDyke">VanDyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Koh" title="Lucy Koh">Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Sung" title="Jennifer Sung">Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_P._Sanchez" title="Gabriel P. Sanchez">Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_A._Thomas" title="Holly A. Thomas">H. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Mendoza_Jr." title="Salvador Mendoza Jr.">Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roopali_Desai" title="Roopali Desai">Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnstone" title="Anthony Johnstone">Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Alba" title="Ana de Alba">de Alba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Clifford_Wallace" title="J. Clifford Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Wright_Nelson" title="Dorothy Wright Nelson">D. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Canby" title="William Canby">Canby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Scannlain" title="Diarmuid O'Scannlain">O'Scannlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Trott" title="Stephen S. Trott">Trott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fernandez" title="Ferdinand Fernandez">Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kleinfeld" title="Andrew Kleinfeld">Kleinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Daly_Hawkins" title="Michael Daly Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Wallace_Tashima" title="A. Wallace Tashima">Tashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Thomas" title="Sidney R. Thomas">S. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_G._Silverman" title="Barry G. Silverman">Silverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_P._Graber" title="Susan P. Graber">Graber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Margaret_McKeown" title="M. Margaret McKeown">McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Fletcher" title="William A. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Paez" title="Richard Paez">Paez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Berzon" title="Marsha Berzon">Berzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tallman" title="Richard C. Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifton" title="Richard Clifton">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Bybee" title="Jay Bybee">Bybee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bea" title="Carlos Bea">Bea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Randy_Smith" title="N. Randy Smith">N. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz">Hurwitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Holmes" title="Jerome Holmes">Holmes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Hartz" title="Harris Hartz">Hartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Tymkovich" title="Timothy Tymkovich">Tymkovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Matheson_Jr." title="Scott Matheson Jr.">Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Bacharach" title="Robert E. Bacharach">Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_A._Phillips" title="Gregory A. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_B._McHugh" title="Carolyn B. McHugh">McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Moritz" title="Nancy Moritz">Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_H._Eid" title="Allison H. Eid">Eid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_M._Carson_III" title="Joel M. Carson III">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_S._Rossman" title="Veronica S. Rossman">Rossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Federico" title="Richard Federico">Federico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kulp_Seymour" title="Stephanie Kulp Seymour">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carbone_Porfilio" title="John Carbone Porfilio">Porfilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Anderson" title="Stephen H. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Baldock" title="Bobby Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Brorby" title="Wade Brorby">Brorby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Ebel" title="David M. Ebel">Ebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Kelly_Jr." title="Paul Joseph Kelly Jr.">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beck_Briscoe" title="Mary Beck Briscoe">Briscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_F._Lucero" title="Carlos F. Lucero">Lucero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Murphy" title="Michael R. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_L._O%27Brien" title="Terrence L. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_H._Pryor_Jr." title="William H. Pryor Jr.">W. Pryor</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Wilson_(judge)" title="Charles R. Wilson (judge)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalberto_Jordan" title="Adalberto Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_S._Rosenbaum" title="Robin S. Rosenbaum">Rosenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_A._Pryor" title="Jill A. Pryor">J. Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Newsom" title="Kevin Newsom">Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_L._Branch" title="Elizabeth L. Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britt_Grant" title="Britt Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Luck" title="Robert J. Luck">Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lagoa" title="Barbara Lagoa">Lagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_L._Brasher" title="Andrew L. Brasher">Brasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Abudu" title="Nancy Abudu">Abudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embry_Kidd" title="Embry Kidd">Kidd</a> (Designate)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bard_Tjoflat" title="Gerald Bard Tjoflat">Tjoflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Lanier_Anderson_III" title="R. Lanier Anderson III">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larry_Edmondson" title="James Larry Edmondson">Edmondson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fredrick_Dubina" title="Joel Fredrick Dubina">Dubina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_H._Black" title="Susan H. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Earl_Carnes" title="Edward Earl Carnes">E. Carnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Hull" title="Frank M. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Marcus_(judge)" title="Stanley Marcus (judge)">Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_E._Carnes" title="Julie E. Carnes">J. Carnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">D.C. Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Srinivasan" title="Sri Srinivasan">Srinivasan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_L._Henderson" title="Karen L. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Millett" title="Patricia Millett">Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Pillard" title="Cornelia Pillard">Pillard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_G._Katsas" title="Gregory G. Katsas">Katsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomi_Rao" title="Neomi Rao">Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_R._Walker" title="Justin R. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michelle_Childs" title="J. Michelle Childs">Childs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Y._Pan" title="Florence Y. Pan">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Garcia" title="Brad Garcia">Garcia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Edwards" title="Harry T. Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Ginsburg" title="Douglas H. Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">Sentelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Raymond_Randolph" title="A. Raymond Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_W._Rogers" title="Judith W. Rogers">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">Federal Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_A._Moore" title="Kimberly A. Moore">Moore</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Newman" title="Pauline Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_David_Lourie" title="Alan David Lourie">Lourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_B._Dyk" title="Timothy B. Dyk">Dyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Prost" title="Sharon Prost">Prost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_V._Reyna" title="Jimmie V. Reyna">Reyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Taranto" title="Richard G. Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Chen" title="Raymond T. Chen">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_M._Hughes" title="Todd M. Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Farnandez_Stoll" title="Kara Farnandez Stoll">Stoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_P._Cunningham" title="Tiffany P. Cunningham">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_P._Stark" title="Leonard P. Stark">Stark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haldane_Robert_Mayer" title="Haldane Robert Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jay_Plager" title="S. Jay Plager">Plager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_C._Clevenger" title="Raymond C. Clevenger">Clevenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Anthony_Schall" title="Alvin Anthony Schall">Schall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Curtis_Bryson" title="William Curtis Bryson">Bryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linn" title="Richard Linn">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Wallach" title="Evan Wallach">Wallach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7346667#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7346667#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7346667#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/185806335">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtmpvGpVX6YPGY64tfjG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011131704">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&oldid=1256816699">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Wilkins&oldid=1256816699</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1963_births" title="Category:1963 births">1963 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_judges" title="Category:21st-century American judges">21st-century American judges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_judges" title="Category:African-American judges">African-American judges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_Law_School_alumni" title="Category:Harvard Law School alumni">Harvard Law School alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Judges_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_D.C._Circuit" title="Category:Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. 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