CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" class="is-drupal"><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"event":"dataLayer.ready","page":{"website":"UNESCO.org","email":"df768a69ed497c9bfaface6ae77e19687cfc6d18","universe":"Culture","hub":"Culture","tags":["culture","covid-19","war in ukraine","programme implementation","sharing knowledge","sustainable development","culture and development","culture in emergencies","culture of peace","culture of work","creative cities","creative thinking","creative writing","cultural heritage","digital heritage","intangible cultural heritage","intangible heritage","natural heritage","nature and culture: the human heritage","underwater heritage","world heritage","museums","cultural diversity","diversity of cultural expressions","historic cities","historic monuments","historical films"],"content_type":"Hub","lang":"English"}});</script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i,a,e){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+'&gtm_auth='+a+'&gtm_preview='+e+'&gtm_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer', 'GTM-T9NW', '_Lm02Fa-1lLDW1vNzj8zTg', 'env-2');</script><meta name="description" content="Protecting Our Heritage and Fostering Creativity" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/culture" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Culture" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/best_image/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=TZnFLbRB" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Protecting Our Heritage and Fostering Creativity" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Culture" /><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/best_image/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=TZnFLbRB" /><meta name="keywords" content="Culture, Covid-19, War in Ukraine, Programme implementation, Sharing knowledge, Sustainable development, Culture and development, Culture in Emergencies, Culture of peace, Culture of work, Creative cities, Creative thinking, Creative writing, Cultural heritage, Digital heritage, Intangible cultural heritage, Intangible heritage, Natural heritage, Nature and culture: the human heritage, Underwater heritage, World Heritage, Museums, Cultural diversity, Diversity of cultural expressions, Historic cities, Historic monuments, Historical films" /><meta name="news_keywords" content="Culture, Covid-19, War in Ukraine, Programme implementation, Sharing knowledge, Sustainable development, Culture and development, Culture in Emergencies, Culture of peace, Culture of work, Creative cities, Creative thinking, Creative writing, Cultural heritage, Digital heritage, Intangible cultural heritage, Intangible heritage, Natural heritage, Nature and culture: the human heritage, Underwater heritage, World Heritage, Museums, Cultural diversity, Diversity of cultural expressions, Historic cities, Historic monuments, Historical films" /><meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><style>div#sliding-popup, div#sliding-popup .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab {background: #0779bf} div#sliding-popup.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper { background: transparent; } #sliding-popup h1, #sliding-popup h2, #sliding-popup h3, #sliding-popup p, #sliding-popup label, #sliding-popup div, .eu-cookie-compliance-more-button, .eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { color: #ffffff;} .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { border-color: #ffffff;}</style><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org","@graph": [{"@type": "Article","headline": "Culture","description": "Protecting Our Heritage and Fostering Creativity","image": {"@type": "ImageObject","representativeOfPage": "True","url": "https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg"},"datePublished": "2025-02-12T14:31:18+0100","isAccessibleForFree": "True","dateModified": "2025-02-12T14:31:18+0100","mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.unesco.org/en/culture"}] }</script><link rel="manifest" href="/en/manifest.json" /><link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bunesco8/icon.svg" type="image/svg+xml" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/bunesco8/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bunesco8/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/culture" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.unesco.org/fr/culture" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.unesco.org/es/culture" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://www.unesco.org/ru/culture" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://www.unesco.org/ar/culture" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://www.unesco.org/zh/culture" /><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><title>Culture | UNESCO</title><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_S9EQNuLuqU_-ChTcf8RXpMZBdH8mc0LPJCYSJtHtflc.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjksOwyAQQy9EwqrniQaYEtSBQRgW9PRNpSpVPyvLT5ZtTHTO1hHYONWO3qhefnxmgCLDeG1si7ZMku4fkSjqSBb0KalEMwrD6zflsXnVW-JDcpVExbP9B7fAVxrSTaVG8RjYYUMblWR9k3WUOpwk7ByMFwLm8S3wa_xZl7XY8-TSyQk_ADYyX1o" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_2Qa1OIvAyQ7FRKADwRvVQFU6i49pmFDa9CqeMzSpN70.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjksOwyAQQy9EwqrniQaYEtSBQRgW9PRNpSpVPyvLT5ZtTHTO1hHYONWO3qhefnxmgCLDeG1si7ZMku4fkSjqSBb0KalEMwrD6zflsXnVW-JDcpVExbP9B7fAVxrSTaVG8RjYYUMblWR9k3WUOpwk7ByMFwLm8S3wa_xZl7XY8-TSyQk_ADYyX1o" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_xEF4zWlw_1asMO3yOYxywlQYj0aq17b-ghnnBPzFKLY.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjksOwyAQQy9EwqrniQaYEtSBQRgW9PRNpSpVPyvLT5ZtTHTO1hHYONWO3qhefnxmgCLDeG1si7ZMku4fkSjqSBb0KalEMwrD6zflsXnVW-JDcpVExbP9B7fAVxrSTaVG8RjYYUMblWR9k3WUOpwk7ByMFwLm8S3wa_xZl7XY8-TSyQk_ADYyX1o" defer async /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_mfD7gfZ2uJms-UbCBT3qIxgYPtCxIx5HTRydowVIFD8.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjksOwyAQQy9EwqrniQaYEtSBQRgW9PRNpSpVPyvLT5ZtTHTO1hHYONWO3qhefnxmgCLDeG1si7ZMku4fkSjqSBb0KalEMwrD6zflsXnVW-JDcpVExbP9B7fAVxrSTaVG8RjYYUMblWR9k3WUOpwk7ByMFwLm8S3wa_xZl7XY8-TSyQk_ADYyX1o" defer async /></head><body data-site-profile="unesco" class="landing-layout transparent-header hub portail-unesco path-node page-node-type-structured-data-hub"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T9NW&gtm_auth=_Lm02Fa-1lLDW1vNzj8zTg&gtm_preview=env-2&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <a id="top" href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a><div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas d-flex flex-column h-100" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-primary navbar-dark"><div class="header"><div class="region region-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-branding" id="block-unescositebranding"> <a href="/en" data-block="header"><img class="site-logo img-fluid" src="/themes/custom/bunesco8/assets/images/logo/logo.svg" alt="Home" /><img class="logo-dark img-fluid" src="/themes/custom/bunesco8/assets/images/logo/logo-blue.svg" alt="Home" /><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondarymenu-menu" id="block-secondarymenu" class="block block-menu navigation menu--secondary"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondarymenu-menu">Secondary menu</h5><ul data-block="header" class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/newsroom" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/701">Press corner</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/governance" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/169435">Governance</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/key-data" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/969">Key data</a></li></ul> </nav><div id="block-exploreunesco" class="block-menu block-menu--popin menu--galaxy-menu"><div class="button-galaxy" id="block-exploreunesco-menu"><span class="button-text">Quick Links</span></div><div aria-labelledby="block-exploreunesco-menu" class="popin hidden"><div class="inside"><div class="top"> <span class="button-text-mobile">Quick Links</span><div class="site-info-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en"> <img src="/themes/custom/bunesco8/assets/images/logo/logo.svg" alt="Home" /> <span class="site-name">UNESCO</span> </a></div> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" class="btn btn-secondary link-galaxy home">go to www.unesco.org</a> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search" class="btn btn-secondary link-galaxy advanced-search">Search all UNESCO</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-secondary close-popin link-galaxy">Close</a></div> <nav role="navigation"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">News & Events</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Calendar of events</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/statutory-meetings" class="nav-link">Statutory Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/governing-bodies" class="nav-link">Governing Bodies</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/delegates-meetings" class="nav-link">Delegates Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/cultural" class="nav-link">Cultural Events at Headquarters</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/commemorations" class="nav-link">UNESCO commemorations</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Articles</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?f%5B0%5D=type%3Anews&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=" class="nav-link">News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/stories" class="nav-link">Stories</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/newsroom/press-release" class="nav-link">Press Releases</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Who we are</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">About us</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief" class="nav-link">UNESCO in Brief</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief/history" class="nav-link">Our history</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-data" class="nav-link">Key data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/laboratory-ideas" class="nav-link">Laboratory of ideas</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/visit-us" class="nav-link">Visit us</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Governance</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/member-states-portal" class="nav-link">Member States Portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/director-general" class="nav-link">Director-General</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/strategic-management-board" class="nav-link">Strategic Management Board</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link">Office of International Standards and Legal Affairs</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/legal-texts-about" class="nav-link">Legal & Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Accountability</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Core data portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/budget-strategy" class="nav-link">Budget & Strategy</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ios" class="nav-link">Internal Oversight Service</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/strategic-transformation" class="nav-link">Reform / Strategic transformation</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Funding needs and Data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/financial-regulations" class="nav-link">Financial regulations</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/unesco-access-information-policy" class="nav-link">Access to Information</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Networks</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice" class="nav-link">Field Offices</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/partnerships/ngo-foundations" class="nav-link">NGOs and Foundations</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/aspnet" class="nav-link">Associated Schools</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/unitwin" class="nav-link">Unitwin</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/goodwill-ambassadors?hub=103598" class="nav-link">UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/institutes" class="nav-link">Institutes and Centres</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Get involved</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/spread-word" class="nav-link">Spread the Word</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/donate" class="nav-link">Donate</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/partnerships" class="nav-link">Become a partner</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/join-unesco" class="nav-link">Join us</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesco.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=72ebfe189bdcd1c4b7aedc782&id=a25899b075" class="nav-link">Subscribe to our newsletters</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/take-action/join-unesco" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">What we do</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Our expertise</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/education" class="nav-link">Education</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link">Natural Sciences</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ocean" class="nav-link">Ocean Science</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link">Social and Human Sciences</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/culture" class="nav-link">Culture</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/communication-information" class="nav-link">Communication and Information</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Global Priorities</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link">Gender Equality</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/africa" class="nav-link">Priority Africa</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Our Impact</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link">International standards and legal texts</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/conventionslist" class="nav-link">Cooperation tools</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/lists-designations" class="nav-link">Lists and designations</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/laboratory-ideas" class="nav-link">Laboratory of ideas</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Key Challenges</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/futures-education" class="nav-link">Futures of Education</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/revive-mosul" class="nav-link">Spirit of Mosul</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics" class="nav-link">Ethics of A.I</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/biodiversity" class="nav-link">Biodiversity</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-challenges" class="nav-link">All key challenges</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Where we work</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO lists and designations</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/creative-cities" class="nav-link">Creative Cities</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/wnbr/about" class="nav-link">Biosphere Reserves</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world" class="nav-link">Memory of the World Register</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org" class="nav-link">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks/about" class="nav-link">UNESCO Global Geoparks</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">World Heritage</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/prizes" class="nav-link">Prizes</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO in the World</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/countries" class="nav-link">Member States</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice" class="nav-link">Field Offices</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/networks" class="nav-link">Networks</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">For Member States</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Governance</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/hq-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Committee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/countries" class="nav-link">Country Profiles</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/member-states-portal" class="nav-link">Member States Portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/strategic-management-board" class="nav-link">Strategic Management Board</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Calendar of events</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events" class="nav-link">All Events</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/statutory-meetings" class="nav-link">Statutory Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/governing-bodies" class="nav-link">Governing Bodies</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/delegates-meetings" class="nav-link">Delegates Meetings</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/events/cultural" class="nav-link">Cultural Events at Headquarters</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/commemorations" class="nav-link">UNESCO commemorations</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Latest activities</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?f%5B0%5D=source-website%3Aa8408b86-f0b0-48be-b255-140df27e8910&f%5B1%5D=type%3Anews&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=" class="nav-link">News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?text=&date_from=%5Bpast-today%5D&f%5B0%5D=source-website%3Aa8408b86-f0b0-48be-b255-140df27e8910&f%5B1%5D=tags%3A286097c9-5acc-405e-ae8b-d8873695a21a&f%5B2%5D=type%3Aarticle&sort_by=unesco_date" class="nav-link">Credentials</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=UNESCO&text=&f%5B0%5D=site_tags_hierarchy%3AQ2FsbHM%3D&sort_by=unesco_date" class="nav-link">Calls</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Resources</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic texts</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/geo-distribution" class="nav-link">Geographical Distribution</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesco.sharepoint.com/sites/ms/en-US/SitePages/Home.aspx" class="nav-link">Extranet</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/conventionslist" class="nav-link">UNESCO's Conventions</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/permalink/PN-da8a42eb-160d-4c37-88cf-853a4f4f1792" class="nav-link">Azure Notes</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Directories</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://pax.unesco.org/countries/NationalCommissions.html" class="nav-link">National Commissions</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://pax.unesco.org/PermanentDelegations/PermanentDelegationsAllFR.html" class="nav-link">Permanent Delegations</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/hq-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Committee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://core.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">Core Data Portal</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Statutory Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/headquarters-committee" class="nav-link">Headquarters Commitee</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/general-conference" class="nav-link">General Conference documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/collections/governing-bodies/executive-board" class="nav-link">Executive Board documents</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378083_eng" class="nav-link">Medium-Term Strategy for 2022-2029 (41 C/4)</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000389188" class="nav-link">Approved programme and budget 2024-2025 (42 C/5)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Resources</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Documents</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESDOC - Digital library</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/artcollection/jsps/welcome.jsp" class="nav-link">Art Collection</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/" class="nav-link">Multimedia archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/archives" class="nav-link">Archives</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Courier</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/131897504@N08/albums" class="nav-link">Official Photo Gallery</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/basictexts" class="nav-link">Basic Texts</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">Databases and Statistics</span><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org/en/home" class="nav-link">Core data portal</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/key-data" class="nav-link">key data</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/safety-journalists/observatory" class="nav-link">Observatory of killed Journalists</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://uis.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Institute for Statistics</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.education-inequalities.org/" class="nav-link">World Inequality Database on Education</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/classroom" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO Classroom</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/campus" class="nav-link">UNESCO Campus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="vocabulary--websites"><span class="title nav-link">All UNESCO websites</span><div class="right"><input aria-label="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" class="dynamic-search" placeholder="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" type="search" /><div class="wrapper-websites"><div data-letter="B" data-nid="419205" id="taxonomy-term-419205" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/biennaleluanda/2021/en" title="Biennale of Luanda" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Biennale of Luanda</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="C" data-nid="426910" id="taxonomy-term-426910" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" title="Core Data Portal" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Core Data Portal</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="434937" id="taxonomy-term-434937" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences, 2025–2034</div></div></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="426556" id="taxonomy-term-426556" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en" title="Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately provides <strong>a new framework for informed, transparent and </strong></p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="E" data-nid="423651" id="taxonomy-term-423651" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/interculturaldialogue/en" title="E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO’s e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="434693" id="taxonomy-term-434693" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">GEM-reports</div></div></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="423648" id="taxonomy-term-423648" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en" title="Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="426122" id="taxonomy-term-426122" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/" title="Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="429335" id="taxonomy-term-429335" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC)</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434571" id="taxonomy-term-434571" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="434394" id="taxonomy-term-434394" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Year of Glaciers</div></div></div><div data-letter="M" data-nid="419206" id="taxonomy-term-419206" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/mab/50anniversary/en" title="Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423647" id="taxonomy-term-423647" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/access-to-information/2021/en" title="Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>To recovery and beyond: The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Info</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="423806" id="taxonomy-term-423806" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en" title="Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Addressing culture as a global public good</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="419207" id="taxonomy-term-419207" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en" title="Science Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Science Report 2021</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="432195" id="taxonomy-term-432195" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Spotlight Children (GEM campaign)</div></div></div><div data-letter="T" data-nid="423658" id="taxonomy-term-423658" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" title="The UNESCO Courier" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">The UNESCO Courier</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For almost 75 years, <em>the UNESCO Courier</em> has served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire pla</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428474" id="taxonomy-term-428474" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/safety-journalists/2022/en" title="UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="419208" id="taxonomy-term-419208" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.uil.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="434368" id="taxonomy-term-434368" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)</div></div></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="428475" id="taxonomy-term-428475" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.ibe.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Bureau of Education" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Bureau of Education</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="423652" id="taxonomy-term-423652" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.iiep.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="425968" id="taxonomy-term-425968" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="429336" id="taxonomy-term-429336" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iicba.unesco.org/en" title="UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="418330" id="taxonomy-term-418330" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org" title="UNESCO.org" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO.org</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Main UNESCO website</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="424690" id="taxonomy-term-424690" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" title="UNESDOC" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESDOC</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO Digital Library website.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="V" data-nid="434950" id="taxonomy-term-434950" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Virtual Museum for Stolen art</div></div></div><div data-letter="V" data-nid="434861" id="taxonomy-term-434861" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Virtual Science Museum</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419210" id="taxonomy-term-419210" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" title="World Heritage Convention (WHC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Heritage Convention (WHC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423642" id="taxonomy-term-423642" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/world-media-trends/2021/en" title="World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433913" id="taxonomy-term-433913" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="419204" id="taxonomy-term-419204" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2021/en" title="World Water Development Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Value of water</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="423807" id="taxonomy-term-423807" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2022/en" title="World Water Development Report 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2022</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Groundwater, making the invisible visible</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="433448" id="taxonomy-term-433448" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en" title="World Water Development Report 2023" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2023</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div> </nav></div></div></div><div class="dropdown block block-unesco-common block-unesco-commonlanguage-blocklanguage-interface col-lg-1 col-md-12" id="block-languageswitcher"><div data-block="header"><button class="btn btn-link btn-link-white dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">English</button><div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"><ul class="language-switcher-language-url"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365" class="is-active" aria-current="page"><a href="/en/culture" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365" aria-current="page">English</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365"><a href="/fr/culture" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Français</a></li><li hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365"><a href="/es/culture" class="language-link" hreflang="es" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Español</a></li><li hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365"><a href="/ru/culture" class="language-link" hreflang="ru" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">Русский</a></li><li hreflang="ar" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365"><a href="/ar/culture" class="language-link" hreflang="ar" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">العربية</a></li><li hreflang="zh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365"><a href="/zh/culture" class="language-link" hreflang="zh" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365">中文</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button></div><div class="sub-header"><div class="region region-sub-header row"><div class="site-name-wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-site-name" id="block-unescositename"> <a href="/en" data-block="sub_header"><p class="site-name js-site-name">UNESCO</p></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark col"><h5 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h5><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul data-region="sub_header" data-block="sub_header" class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-0"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link active dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Expertise">Expertise</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">We bring people and nations together through education, culture and science.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/brief">In brief </a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/our-expertise">Fields of expertise</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/education" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/343">Education</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/education" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=x-2JnE-E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=7jP-E9zR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg.webp?itok=9iNDYP43 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=x-2JnE-E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=7jP-E9zR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=9iNDYP43 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-03/nav-xl_education.jpg?itok=9iNDYP43" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Education</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/348">Natural Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/natural-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=8OFFxniV 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=4yKNW5nh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg.webp?itok=bR82khz0 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=8OFFxniV 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=4yKNW5nh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=bR82khz0 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-12/GettyImages-658909968.jpg?itok=bR82khz0" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Natural Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/355">Social and Human Sciences</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/social-human-sciences" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=TON1PwxI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=jlLrg54V 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg.webp?itok=UwcY6N7R 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=TON1PwxI 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=jlLrg54V 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=UwcY6N7R 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-05/shshomepage_bjdega_1800px_0.jpg?itok=UwcY6N7R" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Social and Human Sciences</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/culture" class="nav-link active is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/365" aria-current="page">Culture</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/culture" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=QF7jhyJn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=AJiKPw_s 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=l4IXwyaA 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=QF7jhyJn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=AJiKPw_s 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=l4IXwyaA 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=l4IXwyaA" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Culture</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/370">Communication and Information</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/communication-information" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=rFKs9Tn- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=7JFolXkz 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg.webp?itok=nmTXrewH 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=rFKs9Tn- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=7JFolXkz 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=nmTXrewH 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/thumb-nav_ci_02.jpg?itok=nmTXrewH" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Communication and Information</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66813">Ocean</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/ocean" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=eA7fPDdT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=FMazsMgf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=ebYpBv7V 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=eA7fPDdT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=FMazsMgf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=ebYpBv7V 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png.jpg?itok=ebYpBv7V" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Ocean</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/africa" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/180364">Priority Africa</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/africa" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg.webp?itok=MZmVxeSR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg.webp?itok=2a9ta0kl 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg.webp?itok=nrRfiWpN 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=MZmVxeSR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=2a9ta0kl 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=nrRfiWpN 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-03/priority-africa_menu.png.jpg?itok=nrRfiWpN" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Africa</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/375">Priority Gender Equality</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/gender-equality" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=3eGwBTMd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=pNvHFbln 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg.webp?itok=W_pITCCx 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=3eGwBTMd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=pNvHFbln 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=W_pITCCx 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-10/fitforlife_visual_1760px.jpg?itok=W_pITCCx" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Priority Gender Equality</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Impact">Impact</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover UNESCO's impact around the world and the organisation's endeavour to build durable peace.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/brief/impact">Our impact</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/en/strategic-objectives">Strategic objectives</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">International standards and legal texts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=fidV3cf2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=WOO2cp6E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg.webp?itok=jOxaLUqt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=fidV3cf2 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=WOO2cp6E 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=jOxaLUqt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-12/shutterstock_380912410.jpg?itok=jOxaLUqt" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">International standards and legal texts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/132604">Cooperation tools</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/conventionslist" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=zbrrJ_X6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=27JGFEzT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg.webp?itok=Q9eBIetZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=zbrrJ_X6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=27JGFEzT 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Q9eBIetZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-03/Card%20-%20publications.jpg?itok=Q9eBIetZ" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Cooperation tools</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66210">Lists and designations</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/lists-designations" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=Fc3usDtM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=uXr_LyOL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg.webp?itok=4HpgjvB1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=Fc3usDtM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=uXr_LyOL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=4HpgjvB1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=4HpgjvB1" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Lists and designations</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/745">Laboratory of Ideas</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/laboratory-ideas" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=nNRBWtj1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=-jOgj8aF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg.webp?itok=kDEShtYP 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=nNRBWtj1 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=-jOgj8aF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=kDEShtYP 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-12/shutterstock_2284267021.jpg?itok=kDEShtYP" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Laboratory of Ideas</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Publications">Publications</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO is the United Nations Laboratory of Ideas. Find the latest ideas, publications and reports.</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/ideas-data">Laboratory of Ideas</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/publications" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67076">Publications</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/publications" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=fmvso0xW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=_qByKRAW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg.webp?itok=b2nzjvdK 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=fmvso0xW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=_qByKRAW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=b2nzjvdK 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_268007354.jpg?itok=b2nzjvdK" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Publications</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/key-data" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/969">Key data</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/key-data" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=YlQg13kC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=eqvIwMhd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=hH-J86yI 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=YlQg13kC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=eqvIwMhd 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=hH-J86yI 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/hero_ideas-data_01.png.jpg?itok=hH-J86yI" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Key data</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">The UNESCO Courier</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg.webp?itok=_hYbwhaR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg.webp?itok=cNEHXD1L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg.webp?itok=msowiXGF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=_hYbwhaR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=cNEHXD1L 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=msowiXGF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-10/Header-UNESCO-v02-Shade.jpg?itok=msowiXGF" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">The UNESCO Courier</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">Digital library</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=5Viqas19 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=L10CTngQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG.webp?itok=2y60clWM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=5Viqas19 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=L10CTngQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=2y60clWM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/png" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/Call%20for%20nomination%20jikji%20memory%20of%20the%20world%20Prize%20shutterstock.PNG?itok=2y60clWM" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Digital library</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Watch and listen">Watch and listen</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Discover our audiovisual content, listen to our experts, and the great voices invited to UNESCO throughout history.</div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/studio" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1048">UNESCO studio</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/studio" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=ogaaa3Qw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=i7MscBE4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg.webp?itok=28Evj-SK 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=ogaaa3Qw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=i7MscBE4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=28Evj-SK 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nav-xl_studio_01.jpg?itok=28Evj-SK" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">UNESCO studio</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/podcasts" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67597">Podcasts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/podcasts" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg.webp?itok=bWx3vih7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg.webp?itok=qi85F_cS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg.webp?itok=rx_zDzX7 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=bWx3vih7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=qi85F_cS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=rx_zDzX7 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-07/pexels-los-muertos-crew-7586656_0.jpg?itok=rx_zDzX7" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Podcasts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3A39ad1d55-1363-4ca7-9149-4d76cfd4f299#toggle-facets" class="nav-link">Experts</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&sort_by=unesco_date&sort_order=DESC&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3A39ad1d55-1363-4ca7-9149-4d76cfd4f299#toggle-facets" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=5uXa3fy8 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=z5yhcGW3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg.webp?itok=13Bmwz6o 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=5uXa3fy8 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=z5yhcGW3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=13Bmwz6o 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2024-02/micrphone_unesco.jpg?itok=13Bmwz6o" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Experts</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3Aa2ebb36d-1a43-46c4-a20f-caea1789af24&sort_order=DESC&sort_by=unesco_date#toggle-facets" class="nav-link">Special guests</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/search?category=Unesco.org&text=&f%5B0%5D=tags%3Aa2ebb36d-1a43-46c4-a20f-caea1789af24&sort_order=DESC&sort_by=unesco_date#toggle-facets" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg.webp?itok=pr2Tm_wn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg.webp?itok=XpeWc6Oy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg.webp?itok=uKgMnRdR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=pr2Tm_wn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=XpeWc6Oy 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=uKgMnRdR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/article/2022-10/52434259287_28143b6516_c.jpg?itok=uKgMnRdR" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Special guests</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu Get involved">Get involved</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">There are many ways to take action with UNESCO - everyone can make a difference. Join us and leave your mark !<br /></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://unesco.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=72ebfe189bdcd1c4b7aedc782&id=a25899b075">Subscribe to our newsletters</a></div><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/donate">Donate</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/join-unesco" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/960">Join us</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/join-unesco" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg.webp?itok=YsLy9rlh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg.webp?itok=kSZzzpHG 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg.webp?itok=xMVtLNy3 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=YsLy9rlh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=kSZzzpHG 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=xMVtLNy3 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_666028663.jpg?itok=xMVtLNy3" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Join us</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/partnerships" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/953">Become a partner</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/partnerships" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg.webp?itok=Exws9-Yf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg.webp?itok=X8Ng2s72 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg.webp?itok=bYk8g0Uq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=Exws9-Yf 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=X8Ng2s72 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=bYk8g0Uq 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_273587129.jpg?itok=bYk8g0Uq" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Become a partner</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/classroom" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1002">Webinars and open courses</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/classroom" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg.webp?itok=FOWwC0Bv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg.webp?itok=vA22rq8T 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg.webp?itok=wlCFxLrl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=FOWwC0Bv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=vA22rq8T 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=wlCFxLrl 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-03/shutterstock_1788659135.jpg?itok=wlCFxLrl" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Webinars and open courses</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/en/visit-us" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/856">Visit us</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/en/visit-us" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2025-02/nav-xs_visit-us.jpg.webp?itok=6O-LHYmw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2025-02/nav-xs_visit-us.jpg.webp?itok=aeVvRSHg 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-02/nav-xs_visit-us.jpg.webp?itok=cEcjR1Sb 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="144"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2025-02/nav-xs_visit-us.jpg?itok=6O-LHYmw 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="200" height="264"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2025-02/nav-xs_visit-us.jpg?itok=aeVvRSHg 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="163" height="216"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-02/nav-xs_visit-us.jpg?itok=cEcjR1Sb 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="144"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2025-02/nav-xs_visit-us.jpg?itok=cEcjR1Sb" width="327" height="144" alt="" loading="lazy" class="img-fluid" /> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Visit us</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li></ul></div> </nav><div id="block-unescosearchmenuicon" class="block block-unesco-search block-unesco-search-menu-icon"><div data-block="sub_header"><a href="/en/search?f%5B0%5D=source-website%3Aa8408b86-f0b0-48be-b255-140df27e8910&date_from=%5Bpast-today%5D" class="search-menu-icon js-search-menu-trigger">Search</a></div></div></div></div> </header><main role="main" class="container"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a><div class=""><div class="region region-content"><div class="ows-search-views-keyword-form unesco-search--dropdown block block-unesco-search" data-drupal-selector="ows-search-views-keyword-form" role="search" id="block-unescosearch"><form data-block="content" action="/en/search" method="get" id="ows-search-views-keyword-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div class="unesco-search--overlay"></div><div class="btn unesco-search--close"></div> <input type="hidden" name="category" value="UNESCO" /><div class="wrapper-search-text"><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-type-search js-form-item-text form-item-text"> <input placeholder="" data-drupal-selector="edit-text" type="search" id="edit-text" name="text" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-search form-control" /></div><button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary custom-submit" label="ows-edit-submit" type="submit">Search</button><div data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="ows-edit-actions"> <input data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-submit" class="btn-lg button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary" type="submit" id="ows-edit-submit" value="Search" /></div><div class="wrapper-quick-links"><span class="quick-links-text">Quick links:</span><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/mondiacult">Mondiacult</a><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/revive-mosul">Revive the Spirit of Mosul</a><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/world-heritage">World Heritage</a></div></div><div class="results-sort-wrapper"></div></form></div><div class="unesco-messages-wrapper"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div><div id="block-unesco-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node--view-mode-full is-universe node node--type-structured-data-hub node--promoted" data-terms-tags="423986 423608 424980 423619 423621 421244 421087 428817 421073 421075 423813 420951 420953 421034 421261 419870 430464 421763 433446 423896 423934 422893 420228 423815 422186 422187 421923" data-terms-univers="423986" data-letter="C" data-nid="365"><div class="node__content"><div class="header-hub"><div class="hero-wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-banner"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=cy-F9ari 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=Ws8-boa_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg.webp?itok=Ms-PNieE 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=cy-F9ari 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=Ws8-boa_ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=Ms-PNieE 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="512"/> <img loading="eager" importance="high" src="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?itok=Ms-PNieE" width="400" height="512" alt="Lantern Min An Culture Hub hero" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div><div class="field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">© Min An</div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">© Min An</div></div><div class="header-texts"><h1 class="title article-title">Culture</h1><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Protecting Our Heritage and Fostering Creativity</div></div></div><div class="hub-menu-header hub-header-365"><ul class="menu menu-lvl1"><li class="menu-item active"> <a href="/en/culture" hreflang="en">Home</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/culture/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/99889">About</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="">All Culture Challenges</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="">Protecting culture in crisis situation</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/heritage-armed-conflicts" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/415">Armed Conflict and Heritage</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/emergencies/culture" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70262">Culture in Emergencies</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/disaster-risk-reduction/culture-sites?hub=70951" data-drupal-link-query="{"hub":"70951"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80158">Disaster Risk Reduction</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/fight-illicit-trafficking" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/416">Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/revive-mosul" target="_blank" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1067">Revive the Spirit of Mosul</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/libeirut" target="_blank" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/392">LiBeirut</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="">Culture adapted to contemporary challenges </a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/sustainable-development/culture" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66775">Culture and Sustainable Development</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/climate-change/culture" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/700">Culture and Climate change</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/biodiversity/culture?hub=405" data-drupal-link-query="{"hub":"405"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66815">Culture and Biodiversity</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/culture-education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71580">Culture and Education</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/culture-and-africa">Culture and Africa</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="">Culture as Heritage Preservation</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/world-heritage?hub=68246" data-drupal-link-query="{"hub":"68246"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68246">World Heritage</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/intangible-cultural-heritage?hub=413" data-drupal-link-query="{"hub":"413"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/413">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/underwater-heritage" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/412">Underwater Cultural Heritage</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/memory-world?hub=1081" data-drupal-link-query="{"hub":"1081"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1081">Memory of the World</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/museums" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/417">Museums</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="">Culture for sustainable societies</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/creativity/en">Diversity of Cultural Expressions</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/creative-cities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/80094">Creative Cities</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/sids/culture?hub=394" data-drupal-link-query="{"hub":"394"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66571">Culture for Small Island Developing States</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/world-book-capital-network" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70337">World Book Capital Network</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/covid-19/culture-response" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/923">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">International Cooperation</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/mondiacult2022">UNESCO-MONDIACULT 2022 World Conference </a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/tracker-all-issues" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71645">The Tracker Culture & Public Policy</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/sustainable-development/culture/g20" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/79864">Culture in the G20</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/sustainable-development/culture/ipcsd" target="_blank" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/79857">Inter-Agency Platform</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/culture/international-funds-support" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/870">International Funds for Culture </a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/culture/category-2-institutes" target="_blank" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/108123">Category 2 Centres and Institutes in Culture</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Celebrations</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">International Days </a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/international-day-nowruz" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66653"> International Day of Nowruz</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/days/world-art" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66491">World Art Day</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/days/world-book-and-copyright" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66703">World Book and Copyright Day</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/fr/international-jazz-day"> International Jazz Day</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/days/african-world-heritage" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66503">African World Heritage Day</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/days/intangible-heritage" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/171507">International Day of the Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/days/against-illicit-trafficking" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66764">International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/international-day-islamic-art" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66767">International Day of Islamic Art</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/days/world-olive-tree" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66762">World Olive Tree Day</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>"> International Weeks</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/weeks/arts-education" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66856">International Arts Education Week (20-26 May)</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Previous International Years</a><ul class="menu menu-lvl3"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/anniversary">2023 - 20th Anniversary of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://webarchive.unesco.org/20220317195956/https://en.unesco.org/commemorations/international-years/creativeeconomy2021">2021 - International Year of Creative Economy for Sustainable Development</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://webarchive.unesco.org/20220101155822/https://en.iyil2019.org/">2019 - International Year of Indigenous Languages</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://webarchive.unesco.org/20200531181408/https://en.unesco.org/iyst4d?page=1">2017 - International Year of Sustainable Tourism</a></li><li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://webarchive.unesco.org/web/20160804131212/https://www.un.org/en/events/iyrc2010/">2010 - International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Resources</a><div class="lvl1-wrapper"><ul class="menu menu-lvl2"><li class="menu-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/standard-setting/conventions?hub=66535#conventions-on-culture" data-drupal-link-query="{"hub":"66535"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68258">Legal Instruments</a></li><li class="icon-external menu-item"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/search/c681c2ea-a15b-453c-b2fd-5ea406cf7daf">Publications</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div ng-cloak="" ng-app="ods-widgets" class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>From cherished historic monuments and museums to living heritage practices and contemporary art forms, culture enriches our lives in countless ways and helps build inclusive, innovative and resilient communities. </p><p>Protecting and safeguarding the world’s cultural and natural heritage and supporting creativity and dynamic cultural sectors are fundamental to addressing the challenges of our time, from climate change to poverty, inequality, the digital divide and ever more complex emergencies and conflicts. UNESCO is convinced that no development can be sustainable without a strong culture component. Indeed only a human-centred approach to development based on mutual respect and open dialogue among cultures can lead to lasting peace.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="highlights" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Highlights</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-cta card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2025-02/site_1577_0007.jpg?itok=po_Xvrmk" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2025-02/site_1577_0007.jpg?itok=pjHR3Cp8"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Nominations to the 2025 UNESCO-Greece Melina Mercouri International Prize are open</div><div class="card-text"><p>Deadline: 30 April 2025 (midnight, Paris time)</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/culturallandscapesprize/" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Apply</a></div></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-text card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/article/2024-09/56_023_Vadehavscentret_510_H%20kopi.jpg?itok=POmPQb0y" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/article/2024-09/56_023_Vadehavscentret_510_H%20kopi.jpg?itok=W5EXcvaf" href="/en/articles/call-participation-exhibition-deep-surface-polyfunctional-architecture-enhance-experience-unesco" title="Call for Participation for the Exhibition "><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Call for Participation for the Exhibition</div><div class="card-text"><p>“Deep Surface: Polyfunctional architecture to enhance the experience of UNESCO Designated Sites” (Deadline: 13 October 2024)</p></div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="mondiacult-2025" class="paragraph-simple position-full paragraph paragraph--type--banner-cta paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-banner"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2024-03/shutterstock_1795930126.jpg.webp?itok=ZSZ5o_xm 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2024-03/shutterstock_1795930126.jpg.webp?itok=ACXA8KBF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2024-03/shutterstock_1795930126.jpg.webp?itok=PPhptG2z 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="512"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2024-03/shutterstock_1795930126.jpg?itok=ZSZ5o_xm 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2024-03/shutterstock_1795930126.jpg?itok=ACXA8KBF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2024-03/shutterstock_1795930126.jpg?itok=PPhptG2z 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="512"/> <img loading="eager" importance="high" src="/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2024-03/shutterstock_1795930126.jpg?itok=PPhptG2z" width="400" height="512" alt="© Shutterstock / Pajor Pawel " title="Barcelona, Spain" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div><div class="field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">© Shutterstock / Pajor Pawel</div></div><div class="banner-cta-texts border"><h3 class="paragraph-title banner-cta-title">MONDIACULT 2025</h3><p class="banner-cta-description">UNESCO World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development | From 29 September to 1 October 2025, Barcelona, Spain</p><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/sustainable-development/culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Learn more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="in-numbers" class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>In Numbers</h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=k_YHuark" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?itok=qpq0lVOv" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/world-heritage/map" title="World Heritage Sites "><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">1223</div><div class="card-title">World Heritage Sites</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-11/00485-HUG%5B1%5D.jpg?itok=RXun-nJL" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-11/00485-HUG%5B1%5D.jpg?itok=KVRyeDFK" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/intangible-cultural-heritage/grid" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements "><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">730</div><div class="card-title">Intangible Cultural Heritage Elements</div></div> </a></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <a class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay card-link-wrapper" data-uri-image-style="/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-12/2Budapest_ZGPhotography_shutterstock%20%28003%29_0.jpg?itok=XxNchKqe" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-12/2Budapest_ZGPhotography_shutterstock%20%28003%29_0.jpg?itok=X4FBjm0u" href="https://www.unesco.org/en/creative-cities" title="Creative Cities"><div class="card-arrow arrow-black"></div><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">350</div><div class="card-title">Creative Cities</div><div class="card-text"><p>from the Creative Cities Network</p></div></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="our-stories" class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-search-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="paragraph-content-search content-search"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Our Stories</h2></div><div class="wrapper-search-results row display-grid" id="para-content_search_landing-more-contents-126686"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--story"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/gender-equality-heart-cultural-policies" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/gender-equality-heart-cultural-policies" title="Gender Equality at the Heart of Cultural Policies " class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/UNESCO%20ART%20FOR%20ALL-089_0.jpg?itok=j6wLA1NE&width=289&height=192" alt="Gender Equality at the Heart of Cultural Policies " class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Story</div><div class="h5"> Gender Equality at the Heart of Cultural Policies</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--story"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/national-consultation-indigenous-languages-call-preservation-and-technology-integration" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/national-consultation-indigenous-languages-call-preservation-and-technology-integration" title="National Consultation on Indigenous Languages: A Call for Preservation and Technology Integration" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/SAM04780.jpg?itok=fSvP5FwF&width=289&height=192" alt="National Consultation on Indigenous Languages: A Call for Preservation and Technology Integration" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Story</div><div class="h5"> National Consultation on Indigenous Languages: A Call for Preservation and Technology Integration</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--story"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en/articles/catastrophe-renewed-paradigm-culture-resilience-mexican-ports-experience" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en/articles/catastrophe-renewed-paradigm-culture-resilience-mexican-ports-experience" title="From catastrophe to a renewed paradigm of culture for resilience: a Mexican port's experience" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/01%20Sinfon%C3%ADa%20del%20Mar.png.jpg?itok=SxFjvViw&width=289&height=192" alt="From catastrophe to a renewed paradigm of culture for resilience: a Mexican port's experience" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Story</div><div class="h5"> From catastrophe to a renewed paradigm of culture for resilience: a Mexican port's experience</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--story"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/catastrophe-renewed-paradigm-culture-resilience-mexican-ports-experience" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/catastrophe-renewed-paradigm-culture-resilience-mexican-ports-experience" title="From catastrophe to a renewed paradigm of culture for resilience: a Mexican port's experience" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/01%20Sinfon%C3%ADa%20del%20Mar.png.jpg?itok=itY2aJ3n&width=289&height=192" alt="From catastrophe to a renewed paradigm of culture for resilience: a Mexican port's experience" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Story</div><div class="h5"> From catastrophe to a renewed paradigm of culture for resilience: a Mexican port's experience</div></div> </a> </article></div></div><div id="content_search_landing-list-load-more-126686" class="btn btn-sm btn-see-more load-more btn-outline-grey4"><a href="/en/unesco-paragraph/126686/load-more/1" onclick="window.Unesco.clickLoadMore(this)" class="use-ajax" rel="nofollow">Load more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="news" class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-search-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="paragraph-content-search content-search"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>News</h2></div><div class="wrapper-search-results row display-grid" id="para-content_search_landing-more-contents-132396"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--news"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en/articles/submit-your-project-international-fund-cultural-diversitys-2025-call-applications" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en/articles/submit-your-project-international-fund-cultural-diversitys-2025-call-applications" title="Submit your project to the International Fund for Cultural Diversity’s 2025 call for applications!" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/public/2025-03/pexels-ankush2626-2067526.jpg?itok=MzhWaX94&width=289&height=192" alt="Submit your project to the International Fund for Cultural Diversity’s 2025 call for applications!" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">News</div><div class="h5"> Submit your project to the International Fund for Cultural Diversity’s 2025 call for applications!</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--news"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/promoting-sustainable-tourism-mongolia-insights-multi-stakeholder-validation-meeting" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/promoting-sustainable-tourism-mongolia-insights-multi-stakeholder-validation-meeting" title="Promoting Sustainable Tourism in Mongolia: Insights from the Multi-stakeholder validation meeting" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/GeoMappingStudy_fieldStudy.jpg?itok=PfRwktD6&width=289&height=192" alt="Promoting Sustainable Tourism in Mongolia: Insights from the Multi-stakeholder validation meeting" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">News</div><div class="h5"> Promoting Sustainable Tourism in Mongolia: Insights from the Multi-stakeholder validation meeting</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--article"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/call-proposals-namibia-national-outlook-indigenous-and-local-knowledge-biodiversity-project-0" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/call-proposals-namibia-national-outlook-indigenous-and-local-knowledge-biodiversity-project-0" title="Call for Proposals for the Namibia National Outlook on Indigenous and Local Knowledge of Biodiversity Project" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/IMG_0674_5.jpg?itok=tVH4eV5i&width=289&height=192" alt="Call for Proposals for the Namibia National Outlook on Indigenous and Local Knowledge of Biodiversity Project" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Article</div><div class="h5"> Call for Proposals for the Namibia National Outlook on Indigenous and Local Knowledge of Biodiversity Project</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--article"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/call-proposals-namibia-national-outlook-indigenous-and-local-knowledge-biodiversity-project" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/call-proposals-namibia-national-outlook-indigenous-and-local-knowledge-biodiversity-project" title="Call for Proposals for the Namibia National Outlook on Indigenous and Local Knowledge of Biodiversity Project" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/IMG_0674_4.jpg?itok=IcOeaWg0&width=289&height=192" alt="Call for Proposals for the Namibia National Outlook on Indigenous and Local Knowledge of Biodiversity Project" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Article</div><div class="h5"> Call for Proposals for the Namibia National Outlook on Indigenous and Local Knowledge of Biodiversity Project</div></div> </a> </article></div></div><div id="content_search_landing-list-load-more-132396" class="btn btn-sm btn-see-more load-more btn-outline-grey4"><a href="/en/unesco-paragraph/132396/load-more/1" onclick="window.Unesco.clickLoadMore(this)" class="use-ajax" rel="nofollow">Load more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="_0th-anniversary-of-the-world-heritage-convention" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph-simple position-full paragraph paragraph--type--banner-cta paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="cultural-heritage-7-successes-of-unesco’s-preservation-work" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph-simple position-full paragraph paragraph--type--banner-cta paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="our-conventions-and-programmes" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph-border paragraph paragraph--type--content-featured-custom paragraph--view-mode--grid"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="quantifying-climate-benefits-from-unesco-world-heritage-forests" class="paragraph-border left display-see-more paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Quantifying climate benefits from UNESCO World Heritage forests</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO World Heritage forests can continue to be reliable carbon sinks if they are effectively protected from local and global threats. The high profile, global reach, and inspirational power of World Heritage sites underpin a strong case for action. The successful implementation of actions to protect these forests requires the mobilization of key stakeholders (e.g., governments, civil society, Indigenous Peoples, local communities and the private sector) to develop sustainable financing and investments and promote interdisciplinary knowledge-sharing for decision-making.</p></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-oembed-video media--view-mode-lightbox"> <a href="/en/unesco-media/941/lightbox" class="use-ajax" rel="nofollow" data-dialog-type="modal" data-dialog-options="{"dialogClass":["resource-group-modal"]}"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"><div class="field__label visually-hidden">Thumbnail</div><div class="field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_desktop/public/oembed_thumbnails/1g8__fajOX6STpNEL6GcDvyW5R7CvMavrmO94ziCFRc.jpg.webp?itok=cJ-qVOuW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="480" height="360"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/oembed_thumbnails/1g8__fajOX6STpNEL6GcDvyW5R7CvMavrmO94ziCFRc.jpg.webp?itok=itz2ssbW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="375" height="624"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/oembed_thumbnails/1g8__fajOX6STpNEL6GcDvyW5R7CvMavrmO94ziCFRc.jpg.webp?itok=itz2ssbW 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="375" height="624"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_desktop/public/oembed_thumbnails/1g8__fajOX6STpNEL6GcDvyW5R7CvMavrmO94ziCFRc.jpg?itok=cJ-qVOuW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="480" height="360"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/oembed_thumbnails/1g8__fajOX6STpNEL6GcDvyW5R7CvMavrmO94ziCFRc.jpg?itok=itz2ssbW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="375" height="624"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/oembed_thumbnails/1g8__fajOX6STpNEL6GcDvyW5R7CvMavrmO94ziCFRc.jpg?itok=itz2ssbW 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="375" height="624"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/oembed_thumbnails/1g8__fajOX6STpNEL6GcDvyW5R7CvMavrmO94ziCFRc.jpg?itok=itz2ssbW" width="375" height="624" alt="Quantifying climate benefits from UNESCO World Heritage forests" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="round round-lg"><i class="material-icons-sharp icon--video">play_arrow</i></div></a></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">UNESCO</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="supporting-local-communities-and-promoting-sustainable-development-around-the-world-" class="paragraph-simple js-parallax left paragraph paragraph--type--parallax paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="text-wrapper"><div class="field field--name-field-surtitle field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Culture</div><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Supporting local communities and promoting sustainable development around the world</h2></div></div><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-paragraph-paralax"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_parallax_desktop/public/2021-12/shutterstock_2007427124%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=o9-MImd7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="1440" height="900"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_parallax_tablet/public/2021-12/shutterstock_2007427124%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=i-hA4BqS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="768" height="1100"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_parallax_mobile/public/2021-12/shutterstock_2007427124%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=pBxeMsc1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="375" height="700"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_parallax_desktop/public/2021-12/shutterstock_2007427124%20%281%29.jpg?itok=o9-MImd7 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1440" height="900"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_parallax_tablet/public/2021-12/shutterstock_2007427124%20%281%29.jpg?itok=i-hA4BqS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="768" height="1100"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_parallax_mobile/public/2021-12/shutterstock_2007427124%20%281%29.jpg?itok=pBxeMsc1 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="375" height="700"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_parallax_mobile/public/2021-12/shutterstock_2007427124%20%281%29.jpg?itok=pBxeMsc1" width="375" height="700" alt="authentic ethnic africa america sellerwoman working in shop" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="upcoming-events" class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-search-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="paragraph-content-search content-search"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Upcoming events</h2></div><div class="wrapper-search-results row display-grid" id="para-content_search_landing-more-contents-1575"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--event"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/online-information-session-2025-unesco-asia-pacific-awards-cultural-heritage-conservation" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/online-information-session-2025-unesco-asia-pacific-awards-cultural-heritage-conservation" title="Online information session for 2025 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/HA%20banners%202025.png.jpg?itok=QXXs6HXg&width=289&height=192" alt="Online information session for 2025 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Event</div><div class="category mb-2">Cat VII – Seminar and training</div><div class="h5"> Online information session for 2025 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">25 March 2025</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--event"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/celebration-100th-anniversary-birth-charles-aznavour" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/celebration-100th-anniversary-birth-charles-aznavour" title="Celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Charles Aznavour" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-03/Photo%20.jpg?itok=qJHnY37U&width=289&height=192" alt="Celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Charles Aznavour" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Event</div><div class="category mb-2">Concert</div><div class="h5"> Celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Charles Aznavour</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">25 March 2025</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--event"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/international-conference-heritage-authenticity-africa" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/international-conference-heritage-authenticity-africa" title="International Conference on Heritage Authenticity in Africa" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-12/George%20Abungu_0.jpg?itok=kES_KTr5&width=289&height=192" alt="International Conference on Heritage Authenticity in Africa" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Event</div><div class="category mb-2">Cat I – International Conference of States</div><div class="h5"> International Conference on Heritage Authenticity in Africa</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">5 May 2025 - 9 May 2025</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--event"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-civil-military-alliance-forum-protection-cultural-property" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-civil-military-alliance-forum-protection-cultural-property" title="UNESCO Civil-Military Alliance Forum for the Protection of Cultural Property" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2025-02/txt-media_cimci%20forum.png.jpg?itok=lh4GoIR8&width=289&height=192" alt="UNESCO Civil-Military Alliance Forum for the Protection of Cultural Property" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Event</div><div class="category mb-2">Cat IV – International Congress</div><div class="h5"> UNESCO Civil-Military Alliance Forum for the Protection of Cultural Property</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">16 May 2025</div></div> </a> </article></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="" class="paragraph-border paragraph paragraph--type--quick-link paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/search/a92a8dba-bcf4-4d7d-af11-4db336d38927"><div class="link-wrapper"><span class="arrow-primary"></span><span class="link-title">Publications</span></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer-hub"><div class="footer-hub-content flex-row row"><div class="col-lg-6 offset-lg-3"><div class="hub-name">Culture</div><div class="hub-menu-footer hub-footer-365"><ul class="flex-row row nav navbar-nav"><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/creativity/" class="nav-link">Diversity of Cultural Expressions-2005 Convention</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">Intangible Cultural Heritage-2003 Convention</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/underwater-heritage" class="nav-link">Underwater Cultural Heritage-2001 Convention</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">World Heritage 1972 Convention</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/fighttrafficking" class="nav-link">Fight Illicit Trafficking-1970 Convention</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/protecting-heritage" class="nav-link">Armed Conflict and Heritage-1954 Convention</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/culture-development" class="nav-link">Culture & Sustainable Development</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/themes/museums" class="nav-link">Museums</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Creative Cities Network</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/themes/culture-emergencies" class="nav-link">Culture in Emergencies</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/fieldoffice/beirut/libeirut" class="nav-link">LiBeirut</a></li><li class="col-lg-6 icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://en.unesco.org/fieldoffice/baghdad/revivemosul" class="nav-link">Revive the Spirit of Mosul</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-lg-3"><div class="nav-social--title hub-footer">Follow us</div><div class="field field--name-field-social-networks field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/UNESCO" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-youtube icon"></span><span>YouTube</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </article></div></div></div></main> <footer id="footer" class="bg-grey bg-gray"><div class="footer-wrapper"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-12"><div class="footer-top"><div class="region region-footer-top"><div class="newsletter block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-newsletter" data-drupal-selector="newsletter" id="block-unesconewsletter"><form data-block="footer_top" action="/en/culture" method="post" id="newsletter" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input data-drupal-selector="form-8-jh8j4fqdppu7uwsm13h5myof8ywpxonr8h7x1crj4" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-8_jH8J4fqDPpU7uwSm13h5myOf8yWpXoNr8H7x1CRj4" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-newsletter" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="newsletter" /></form></div></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-12"><div class="footer"><div class="flex-row row region region-footer"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu" id="block-footer" class="col-lg-9 block block-menu navigation menu--footer"><ul data-block="footer" class="flex-column flex-lg-row nav navbar-nav"><li class="col-lg-4 nav-item"> <a href="/en" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">UNESCO</a><ul class="list-unstyled"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/newsroom" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/701">Latest News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/events" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/68184">Calendar of events</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/brief" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/171411">In brief</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/brief/impact" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/171434">Our Impact</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/expertise" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/383">Fields of expertise</a></li><li class="icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" class="nav-link">Core Data Portal</a></li><li class="icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://unesco.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=72ebfe189bdcd1c4b7aedc782&id=a25899b075" class="nav-link">Subscribe to our newsletters</a></li><li class="icon-external nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li><li class="col-lg-4 nav-item"> <a href="/en" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Terms of use</a><ul class="list-unstyled"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/logo-patronage" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/760">UNESCO Name & Logo</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/faq" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67007">FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/ios/report-wrongdoing" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67612">Report fraud, abuse, misconduct</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/scamalert" class="text-danger font-weight-bolder nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66770">Scam alert</a></li></ul></li><li class="col-lg-4 nav-item"> <a href="/en" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Policies</a><ul class="list-unstyled"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/legal-affairs/cr-committee/104-procedure" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66639">Protection of human rights (Procedure 104)</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/privacy-notice" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66488">Privacy Notice</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/unesco-access-information-policy" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/467">Access to Information</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/en/environmental-commitment-and-policy" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/67139">Environmental and Social Policies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </nav><div class="col-lg-3 nav-social nav-social--wrapper block block-unesco-common block-unesco-common-footer-social-networks" id="block-unescofootersocialnetworks"><div class="nav-social--title">Follow us</div><div class="field field--name-field-social-networks field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/unesco/?hl=en" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-instagram icon"></span><span>Instagram</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/unesco" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-linkedin icon"></span><span>LinkedIn</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/UNESCO" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-youtube icon"></span><span>YouTube</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://x.com/UNESCO" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-twitter icon"></span><span>X</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@unesco?lang=en" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-tiktok icon"></span><span>TikTok</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaHUoHkAO7RCkmguOi1w" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-whatsapp icon"></span><span>Whatsapp</span></a></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="social_network"><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/unesco.org" target="_blank" class="icon-external" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="icon-bluesky icon"></span><span>BlueSky</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="block-menu--popin" id="footer-explore-unesco"> <a class="button-galaxy" href=#><span class="button-text">Explore UNESCO</span></a></div> </footer></div><div id="back-top"><a href="#top" aria-label="Back to top"><span class="back-top-text">top</span></a></div><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/365","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxtj0sOwyAMRC8EYdXzRAZcQmMwwrBIT1-qSA2KuvJ4nvwZy9ykVSgPY0FQ2an_Sf0STdBQ2swDsQXS0g6KOcwkoQgEFOUIRA6T2aNyXHGomoDiGxX21THvEUdJhSJkh-afuXp8QqemClQIY_8mxtdegJbLWXou3VKUDb2SQxqmM0_PKI7vv57u90jifAXVDSzhjQ7g9mnoG8Zs3a5j0y4fNid9bg","theme":"unesco","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true,"\/en\/search":true},"charts_google":{"mapApiKey":false},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default row\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022col-lg-12 popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookies\u0022 role=\u0022alert\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-content eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. For more information on how we use cookies, read \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/website-privacy-notice\u0022\u003Eour privacy notice\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-actions eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button btn btn-primary\u0022\u003Eclose\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv role=\u0022alertdialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--default row\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022col-lg-12 popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookies\u0022 role=\u0022alert\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-content eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022cookies-actions eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button btn btn-primary\u0022\u003Eclose\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/website-privacy-notice","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":false,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":false,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"default","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button \u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":"","olivero_secondary_button_classes":"","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"field_group":{"html_element":{"mode":"level_0","context":"view","settings":{"classes":"left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12","show_empty_fields":false,"id":"","element":"div","show_label":false,"label_element":"h3","label_element_classes":"","attributes":"","effect":"none","speed":"fast"}}},"unesco_node":{"hub_id":"365","host":"https:\/\/www.unesco.org","countries_mapping":{"NC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENew Caledonia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"New Caledonia","url":{}},"AF":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/af\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAfghanistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Afghanistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"AL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/al\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAlbania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Albania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"DZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAlgeria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Algeria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"AD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ad\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAndorra\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Andorra","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"AO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ao\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAngola\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Angola","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"AI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ai\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAnguilla\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Anguilla","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"AG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ag\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAntigua and Barbuda\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Antigua and Barbuda","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"AR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ar\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EArgentina\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Argentina","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"AM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/am\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EArmenia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Armenia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"AW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/aw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAruba\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Aruba","url":{}},"AU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/au\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAustralia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Australia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"AT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/at\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAustria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Austria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"AZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/az\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EAzerbaijan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Azerbaijan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bs\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBahamas\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bahamas","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBahrain\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bahrain","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"BD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBangladesh\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bangladesh","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"BB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBarbados\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Barbados","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/by\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBelarus\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Belarus","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/be\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBelgium\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Belgium","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"BZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBelize\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Belize","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBenin\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Benin","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"BT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBhutan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bhutan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"BO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBolivia (Plurinational State of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bolivia (Plurinational State of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"BA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ba\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBosnia and Herzegovina\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBotswana\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Botswana","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"BR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/br\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBrazil\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Brazil","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBritish Virgin Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"British Virgin Islands","url":{}},"BN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBrunei Darussalam\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Brunei Darussalam","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"BG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBulgaria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Bulgaria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"BF":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bf\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBurkina Faso\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Burkina Faso","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"BI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/bi\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EBurundi\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Burundi","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECabo Verde\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cabo Verde","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"KH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECambodia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cambodia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECameroon\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cameroon","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ca\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECanada\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Canada","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"KY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ky\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECayman Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cayman Islands","url":{}},"CF":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cf\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECentral African Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Central African Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"TD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/td\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChad\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Chad","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChile\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Chile","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"CN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EChina\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"China","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/co\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EColombia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Colombia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"KM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/km\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EComoros\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Comoros","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECongo\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Congo","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"CK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ck\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECook Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cook Islands","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECosta Rica\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Costa Rica","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"CI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ci\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EC\u00f4te d\u0026#039;Ivoire\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"C\u00f4te d\u0027Ivoire","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"HR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/hr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECroatia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Croatia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"CU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECuba\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cuba","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"CW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECura\u00e7ao\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cura\u00e7ao","url":{}},"CY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECyprus\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Cyprus","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"CZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ECzechia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Czechia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"KP":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kp\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDemocratic People\u0026#039;s Republic of Korea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Democratic People\u0027s Republic of Korea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"CD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/cd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDemocratic Republic of the Congo\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"DK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDenmark\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Denmark","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"DJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDjibouti\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Djibouti","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"DM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/dm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDominica\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Dominica","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"DO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/do\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EDominican Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Dominican Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"EC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ec\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEcuador\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ecuador","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"EG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/eg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEgypt\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Egypt","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"SV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEl Salvador\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"El Salvador","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"GQ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gq\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEquatorial Guinea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Equatorial Guinea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ER":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/er\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEritrea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Eritrea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"EE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ee\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEstonia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Estonia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEswatini\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Eswatini","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ET":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/et\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EEthiopia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ethiopia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"FO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFaroes\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Faroes","url":{}},"FJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFiji\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Fiji","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"FI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fi\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFinland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Finland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"FR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EFrance\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"France","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"GA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ga\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGabon\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Gabon","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGambia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Gambia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ge\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGeorgia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Georgia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"DE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/de\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGermany\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Germany","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"GH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGhana\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ghana","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGreece\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Greece","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"GD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGrenada\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Grenada","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"GT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuatemala\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guatemala","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"GN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuinea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guinea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuinea-Bissau\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guinea-Bissau","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"GY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EGuyana\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Guyana","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"HT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ht\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHaiti\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Haiti","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/va\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHoly See\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Holy See","url":{}},"HN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/hn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHonduras\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Honduras","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"HU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/hu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EHungary\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Hungary","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"IS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/is\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIceland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Iceland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"IN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/in\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIndia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"India","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"ID":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/id\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIndonesia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Indonesia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"IR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ir\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIran (Islamic Republic of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"IQ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/iq\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIraq\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Iraq","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"IE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ie\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIreland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ireland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"IL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/il\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EIsrael\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Israel","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"IT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/it\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EItaly\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Italy","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"JM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/jm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EJamaica\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Jamaica","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"JP":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/jp\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EJapan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Japan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"JO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/jo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EJordan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Jordan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"KZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKazakhstan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kazakhstan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"KE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ke\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKenya\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kenya","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"KI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ki\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKiribati\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kiribati","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"KW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKuwait\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kuwait","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"KG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EKyrgyzstan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Kyrgyzstan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"LA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/la\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELao People\u0026#039;s Democratic Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lao People\u0027s Democratic Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"LV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELatvia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Latvia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"LS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ls\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELesotho\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lesotho","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"LR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELiberia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Liberia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"LY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ly\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELibya\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Libya","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"LT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELithuania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lithuania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"LU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELuxembourg\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Luxembourg","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"MO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mo\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMacao, China\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Macao, China","url":{}},"MG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMadagascar\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Madagascar","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMalawi\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Malawi","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/my\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMalaysia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Malaysia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMaldives\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Maldives","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"ML":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ml\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMali\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mali","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMalta\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Malta","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"MH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mh\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMarshall Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Marshall Islands","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMauritania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mauritania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"MU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMauritius\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mauritius","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MX":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mx\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMexico\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mexico","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"FM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/fm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMicronesia (Federated States of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Micronesia (Federated States of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMonaco\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Monaco","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"MN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMongolia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mongolia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"ME":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/me\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMontenegro\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Montenegro","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"MS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ms\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMontserrat\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Montserrat","url":{}},"MA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ma\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMorocco\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Morocco","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"MZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMozambique\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Mozambique","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"MM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EMyanmar\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Myanmar","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/na\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENamibia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Namibia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"NR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENauru\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nauru","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NP":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/np\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENepal\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nepal","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENetherlands (Kingdom of the)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Netherlands (Kingdom of the)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"NZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENew Zealand\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"New Zealand","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ni\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENicaragua\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nicaragua","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"NE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ne\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENiger\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Niger","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"NG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ng\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENigeria\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Nigeria","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"NU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/nu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENiue\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Niue","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"NO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/no\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENorway\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Norway","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"OM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/om\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EOman\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Oman","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"PK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPakistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Pakistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPalau\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Palau","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ps\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EState of Palestine\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"State of Palestine","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"PA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pa\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPanama\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Panama","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"PG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPapua New Guinea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Papua New Guinea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/py\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EParaguay\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Paraguay","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"PE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pe\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPeru\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Peru","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"PH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ph\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPhilippines\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Philippines","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"PL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPoland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Poland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"PT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/pt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EPortugal\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Portugal","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"QA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/qa\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EQatar\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Qatar","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"KR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERepublic of Korea\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Republic of Korea","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/md\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERepublic of Moldova\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Republic of Moldova","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"RO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ro\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERomania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Romania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"RU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ru\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERussian Federation\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Russian Federation","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"RW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/rw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ERwanda\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Rwanda","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"KN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/kn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaint Kitts and Nevis\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"LC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaint Lucia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saint Lucia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaint Vincent and the Grenadines\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"WS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ws\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESamoa\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Samoa","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESan Marino\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"San Marino","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"ST":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/st\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESao Tome and Principe\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sao Tome and Principe","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sa\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESaudi Arabia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Saudi Arabia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"SN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESenegal\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Senegal","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"RS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/rs\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESerbia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Serbia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SC":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sc\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESeychelles\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Seychelles","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESierra Leone\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sierra Leone","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESingapore\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Singapore","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SX":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sx\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESint Maarten\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sint Maarten","url":{}},"SK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESlovakia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Slovakia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SI":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/si\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESlovenia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Slovenia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"SB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESolomon Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Solomon Islands","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/so\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESomalia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Somalia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ZA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/za\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESouth Africa\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"South Africa","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"SS":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ss\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESouth Sudan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"South Sudan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ES":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/es\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESpain\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Spain","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"LK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESri Lanka\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sri Lanka","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"SD":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sd\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESudan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sudan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"SR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESuriname\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Suriname","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"SE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/se\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESweden\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Sweden","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"CH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ch\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESwitzerland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Switzerland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"SY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/sy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ESyrian Arab Republic\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Syrian Arab Republic","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"TJ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tj\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETajikistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tajikistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"TH":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/th\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EThailand\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Thailand","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"MK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/mk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ENorth Macedonia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"North Macedonia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"TL":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tl\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETimor-Leste\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Timor-Leste","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"TG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tg\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETogo\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Togo","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"TK":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tk\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETokelau\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tokelau","url":{}},"TO":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/to\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETonga\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tonga","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"TT":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tt\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETrinidad and Tobago\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"TN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETunisia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tunisia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"TR":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tr\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ET\u00fcrkiye\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"T\u00fcrkiye","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"TM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETurkmenistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Turkmenistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"TV":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tv\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ETuvalu\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Tuvalu","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"UG":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ug\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUganda\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Uganda","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"UA":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ua\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUkraine\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Ukraine","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"AE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ae\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited Arab Emirates\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United Arab Emirates","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"GB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/gb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"TZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/tz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited Republic of Tanzania\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United Republic of Tanzania","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"US":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/us\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUnited States of America\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"United States of America","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group I"},"UY":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/uy\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUruguay\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Uruguay","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"UZ":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/uz\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EUzbekistan\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Uzbekistan","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group II"},"VU":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vu\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EVanuatu\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Vanuatu","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"VE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ve\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group III"},"VN":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/vn\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EViet Nam\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Viet Nam","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group IV"},"YE":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ye\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EYemen\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Yemen","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"},"ZM":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/zm\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EZambia\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Zambia","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"ZW":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/zw\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003EZimbabwe\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Zimbabwe","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Va"},"AX":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/ax\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003E\u00c5land Islands\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"\u00c5land Islands","url":{}},"LB":{"link":"\u003Ca href=\u0022\/en\/countries\/lb\u0022 hreflang=\u0022en\u0022\u003ELebanon\u003C\/a\u003E","label":"Lebanon","url":{},"electoral_group":"Group Vb"}}},"strapi":{"url":"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/strapi"},"csp":{"nonce":"PD3-qDiGyecRbPguPS6-NA"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"ffc7ef9d56bba274cb049206462bd1ff790ba5ad424f9fb3d85c07105226c320"}}</script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_JxA208sbF8lcoma7XKj1bgc3I2u1tLlepPxGPout8Gk.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjkEKwzAMBD9Uo1PeYyRHuK4VKUTyIb-vA20Opbdllh2WzMLjwH0BumN6eRIM9ngMZS8GVYxQkscpTeuH5mLbZgpzU_qFeUxkvfHV7NJQC8M_-BWorQzPQXlau_9o7z8pkITfTMFDEQ"></script><script src="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=10.3.13" defer></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_qE0rY3SHpj2AjksJjs5Xsl1Ts2ODSV7_ojKgb2C0gS8.js?scope=footer&delta=2&language=en&theme=unesco&include=eJxtjkEKwzAMBD9Uo1PeYyRHuK4VKUTyIb-vA20Opbdllh2WzMLjwH0BumN6eRIM9ngMZS8GVYxQkscpTeuH5mLbZgpzU_qFeUxkvfHV7NJQC8M_-BWorQzPQXlau_9o7z8pkITfTMFDEQ"></script></body> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){ window["loaderConfig"] = "/TSPD/?type=21"; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/TSPD/?type=18"></script> </html>