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<span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صفيحة ذهبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صفيحة ذهبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সোনালি পাতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোনালি পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сусальнае золата – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сусальнае золата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa_d%27or" title="Pa d'or – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pa d'or" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BD" title="Лапташка ылттăн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лапташка ылттăн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladguld" title="Bladguld – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bladguld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blattgold" title="Blattgold – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blattgold" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehtkuld" title="Lehtkuld – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lehtkuld" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_de_oro" title="Pan de oro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pan de oro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orfolio" title="Orfolio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orfolio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urre-xafla" title="Urre-xafla – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urre-xafla" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B4_%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="روکش طلا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روکش طلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuille_d%27or" title="Feuille d'or – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Feuille d'or" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EB%B0%95" title="금박 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금박" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatni_listi%C4%87i" title="Zlatni listići – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zlatni listići" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas_emas" title="Kertas emas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kertas emas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foglia_oro" title="Foglia oro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foglia oro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%96%D7%94%D7%91_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8)" title="עלי זהב (חומר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עלי זהב (חומר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ოქროფურცელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოქროფურცელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun_emas" title="Daun emas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daun emas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Ялтсан алт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ялтсан алт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladgoud" title="Bladgoud – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bladgoud" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94" title="金箔 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金箔" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladgull" title="Bladgull – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bladgull" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladgull" title="Bladgull – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bladgull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%82oto_p%C5%82atkowe" title="Złoto płatkowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Złoto płatkowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folha_de_ouro" title="Folha de ouro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folha de ouro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foi%C8%9B%C4%83_de_aur" title="Foiță de aur – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Foiță de aur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Сусальное золото – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сусальное золото" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleta_ari" title="Fleta ari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fleta ari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gold leaf" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehtikulta" title="Lehtikulta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lehtikulta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7" title="ทองคำเปลว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทองคำเปลว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Сухозлітне золото – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сухозлітне золото" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A0ng_qu%E1%BB%B3" title="Vàng quỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vàng quỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94" title="金箔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金箔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Very thin gold used in art</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Goldleaf" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gold leaf (disambiguation)">Gold leaf (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gold_leaf" title="Special:EditPage/Gold leaf">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gold+leaf%22">"Gold leaf"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gold+leaf%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gold+leaf%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gold+leaf%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gold+leaf%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gold+leaf%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_gold_nugget_5mm_dia_and_corresponding_foil_surface_of_half_sq_meter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Small_gold_nugget_5mm_dia_and_corresponding_foil_surface_of_half_sq_meter.jpg/170px-Small_gold_nugget_5mm_dia_and_corresponding_foil_surface_of_half_sq_meter.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Small_gold_nugget_5mm_dia_and_corresponding_foil_surface_of_half_sq_meter.jpg/255px-Small_gold_nugget_5mm_dia_and_corresponding_foil_surface_of_half_sq_meter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Small_gold_nugget_5mm_dia_and_corresponding_foil_surface_of_half_sq_meter.jpg/340px-Small_gold_nugget_5mm_dia_and_corresponding_foil_surface_of_half_sq_meter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A gold nugget of 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter (bottom) can be expanded through hammering into a gold foil of about 0.5 m<sup>2</sup> (5.4 sq ft). The <a href="/wiki/Toi_gold_mine" title="Toi gold mine">Toi gold mine</a> museum, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gold leaf</b> is <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> that has been hammered into thin sheets (usually around 0.1 μm thick<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) by a process known as <a href="/wiki/Goldbeating" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldbeating">goldbeating</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for use in <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a>. </p><p>Gold leaf is a type of <a href="/wiki/Metal_leaf" title="Metal leaf">metal leaf</a>, but the term is rarely used when referring to gold leaf. The term <i>metal leaf</i> is normally used for thin sheets of metal of any color that do not contain any real gold.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gold leaf is available in a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Carat_(purity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carat (purity)">karats</a> and shades. The most commonly used gold is 22-karat yellow gold. Pure gold is 24 karat. Real, yellow gold leaf is approximately 91.7% pure (i.e. 22-karat) gold.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Traditional water gilding is the most difficult and highly regarded form of gold leafing. It has remained virtually unchanged for hundreds of years and is still done by hand. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilt_terracotta_ornaments_from_a_necklace_MET_DP145718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gilt_terracotta_ornaments_from_a_necklace_MET_DP145718.jpg/220px-Gilt_terracotta_ornaments_from_a_necklace_MET_DP145718.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gilt_terracotta_ornaments_from_a_necklace_MET_DP145718.jpg/330px-Gilt_terracotta_ornaments_from_a_necklace_MET_DP145718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gilt_terracotta_ornaments_from_a_necklace_MET_DP145718.jpg/440px-Gilt_terracotta_ornaments_from_a_necklace_MET_DP145718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenaean civilization">Mycenaean</a> necklace; 1400–1050 BC; gilded terracotta; diameter of the rosettes: 2.7 cm, with variations of circa 0.1 cm, length of the pendant 3.7 cm; <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> (New York City)</figcaption></figure> <p>5,000 years ago, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> artisans recognized the extraordinary durability and <a href="/wiki/Malleability" class="mw-redirect" title="Malleability">malleability</a> of gold and became the first goldbeaters and gilders. They pounded gold using a round stone to create the thinnest leaf possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except for the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Cast-iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Cast-iron">cast-iron</a> <a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">hammer</a> and a few other innovations, the tools and techniques have remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gold-leaf forging is a traditional handicraft in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> (China), produced as early as the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> (220–280 AD) and <a href="/wiki/Two_Jins" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Jins">Two Jins</a> (266–420) dynasties; it was used in <a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha-statue</a> manufacturing and construction. It was widely used in the gilding of Buddha statues and idols and in the construction industry during the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Eastern Wu</a> (222–280) and <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Eastern Jin</a> (266–420) dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1640–1912), the technology developed, and Nanjing gold leaf was sold overseas. It retains traditional <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelting</a>, hand-beating and other techniques, and the gold leaf is pure, uniform and soft. On May 20, 2006, it was included<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in the first batch of national <a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">intangible cultural heritage</a> representative items.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern gold-leaf artists combine ancient traditional crafts with modern technology to make traditional gold leaf. Forging skills are more sophisticated.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gold-foil production in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> follows the ancient production process.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The forging process has been tempered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> by more than a dozen processes such as gold bar, leaf beat, twisting, opening, assembly, issuing, and foil cutting. It is also called<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> "playing gold leaf". According to the needs of different products, a proportion of silver and copper is added; the metal is then melted into liquid form, poured into an iron tank, cooled to form gold bars, hammered into thin slices, cut into small gold pieces, and then covered with gold foil and hammered into gold foil repeatedly at high temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fotothek_df_tg_0008550-ext.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Fotothek_df_tg_0008550-ext.jpg/220px-Fotothek_df_tg_0008550-ext.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Fotothek_df_tg_0008550-ext.jpg/330px-Fotothek_df_tg_0008550-ext.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Fotothek_df_tg_0008550-ext.jpg 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> showing the goldbeating process, 1698</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goldleaf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Goldleaf.jpg/220px-Goldleaf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Goldleaf.jpg/330px-Goldleaf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Goldleaf.jpg/440px-Goldleaf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>22k gold leaf applied with an ox hair brush during the process of <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The process of hammering gold into leaf is known as goldbeating.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Karat_(purity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karat (purity)">karat</a> and color of gold leaf vary depending on the amount of silver or copper added to the gold. Most goldbeaters make 23 karat leaf.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The gold and its alloy are put in a crucible and melted in a furnace. The liquid gold is poured into a mold to cast it into a bar. The bar of gold is put through a rolling mill repeatedly. Each time through the mill, the rollers are adjusted closer and closer to each other, to make the gold thinner and thinner. The bar is rolled to a thickness of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>25 micrometres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">1000</span></span> in). </p><p>After rolling, the ribbon of gold is cut into one-inch squares. The first step in the beating process is called the <i>cutch</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cutch is made up of approximately 150 skins. In the early days of the trade, <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a> <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestine</a> membrane (<a href="/wiki/Goldbeater%27s_skin" title="Goldbeater's skin">Goldbeater's skin</a>) was used to interleave the gold as it was beaten.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today other materials, such as <a href="/wiki/Mylar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mylar">Mylar</a>, are used. Using wooden pincers, the preparer picks up each square of gold and places it in the center of each skin. When the cutch is filled with the small gold squares, it is wrapped in several bands of <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a> which serve to hold the packet together during the beating. Parchment is still the best material known to withstand the hours of repeated hammer blows needed to beat the gold. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm/220px--MandalayGoldLeaf.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="46" data-mwtitle="MandalayGoldLeaf.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:MandalayGoldLeaf.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, opus"" data-width="768" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm/MandalayGoldLeaf.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Goldbeating in <a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The gold is beaten on a large, heavy block of <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> or <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>. These stone blocks were sometimes placed on top of a tree trunk set deep into the ground. This created greater resiliency for the hammer. Beating of the cutch by hand takes about one hour using a fifteen-pound hammer. The goldbeater follows a pattern and sets up a rhythm, striking the packet with up to seventy strokes a minute.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The packet is rotated and turned over to ensure that the gold inside expands evenly in all directions. The original small squares of gold are beaten until they have expanded to the outer edges of the four inch square cutch. The gold is taken out of the cutch and each piece is cut into four pieces with a knife. Using the pincers, these squares of gold are put into a second packet called the <i>shoder</i>, which has approximately 1,500 skins. The shoder is beaten for about three hours until the gold has expanded to a five-inch square. </p><p>The gold is taken out of the shoder and placed on a leather-covered surface. The gold is thin enough now that the cutter can simply blow on it to flatten it out.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Using a wooden implement called a <i>wagon</i>, the gold is quickly cut into four pieces and immediately placed in a packet called a mold for the final beating.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wagon has sharp cutting blades, traditionally made from malacca cane (<a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">rattan</a>). The mold contains 1,500 pieces of gold. Before the mold is filled with gold, the skins are coated with a <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> powder. This process prevents the delicate gold leaf from sticking to the skins.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mold is beaten with an 8-pound (3.6 kg) hammer for three to four hours until it has been beaten into a circle about six inches (15 cm) in diameter. The finished leaf forms an unbroken sheet of gold with a thickness of approximately <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">100 nanometres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">250000</span></span> in). After the leaves are taken out of the mold, they are conventionally cut into a three-and-three-eighths-inch (8.6 cm) square and packaged in tissue-paper books containing twenty-five leaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanna_book_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hanna_book_cover.jpg/170px-Hanna_book_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hanna_book_cover.jpg/255px-Hanna_book_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hanna_book_cover.jpg/340px-Hanna_book_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4863" data-file-height="7798" /></a><figcaption>Early 20th century leather book cover, with gold leaf ornamentation</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gold_leaf" title="Special:EditPage/Gold leaf">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gold leaf is sometimes used in art in a "raw" state, without a gilding process. In cultures including the <a href="/wiki/European_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="European Bronze Age">European Bronze Age</a> it was used to wrap objects such as <a href="/wiki/Bulla_(amulet)" title="Bulla (amulet)">bullae</a> simply by folding it tightly over, and the Classical group of <a href="/wiki/Gold_lunula" title="Gold lunula">gold lunulae</a> are so thin, especially in the centre, that they might be classed as gold leaf.<sup id="cite_ref-indo-european-connection.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indo-european-connection.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been used in <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">jewellery</a> in various periods, often as small pieces hanging freely. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gold-ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold-ground">gold-ground</a> style, where the background of the figures was all in gold, was introduced in mosaics in later <a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian art">Early Christian art</a>. The style was then used in <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> and Western panel paintings until the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indo-european-connection.com_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indo-european-connection.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the techniques for this style use gold leaf. The term "gold-ground" paintings typically references to religious panel paintings made during the late Middle Ages in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the decline of <a href="/wiki/Gold-ground_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold-ground painting">gold ground painting</a>, gold leaf has been most popular and most common in its use as <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilding</a> material for decoration of art (including <a href="/wiki/Statue" title="Statue">statues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>) or the <a href="/wiki/Picture_frame" title="Picture frame">picture frames</a> that are often used to hold or decorate paintings, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">mixed media</a>, small objects (including jewellery) and paper art. Gold leaf is also used in <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Buddhist art</a> and various other Asian traditions to decorate statues and symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gold_glass" title="Gold glass">Gold glass</a> is gold leaf held between two pieces of glass, and was used to decorate Ancient Roman vessels, where some of the gold was scraped off to form an image, as well as <a href="/wiki/Tesserae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesserae">tesserae</a> gold mosaics.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Western <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a>, gold areas are normally created by applying a glue to the page, then rubbing gold leaf onto the glue.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gold ink is rare.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gold leaf is the basis of the gold ink used in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Islamic calligraphy</a> and Islamic <a href="/wiki/Manuscript_illumination" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscript illumination">manuscript illumination</a>, known as "tezhip."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are crushed in honey or <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">gum arabic</a>, then suspended in <a href="/wiki/Gelatinous" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatinous">gelatinous</a> water. Because the gold is not pulverized as in industrially produced metal inks, the resulting surface looks very much like solid gold. </p><p>"Gold" frames made without leafing are also available for a considerably lower price, but traditionally some form of gold or metal leaf was preferred when possible and gold leafed (or silver leafed) moulding is still commonly available from many of the companies that produce commercially available moulding for use as picture frames. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Chateau_de_Versailles_Marcok_31_aug_2016_f14.jpg/188px-Chateau_de_Versailles_Marcok_31_aug_2016_f14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Chateau_de_Versailles_Marcok_31_aug_2016_f14.jpg/250px-Chateau_de_Versailles_Marcok_31_aug_2016_f14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3243" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_Cour_de_Marbre_20170617_balcony_railing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_Cour_de_Marbre_20170617_balcony_railing.jpg/140px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_Cour_de_Marbre_20170617_balcony_railing.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_Cour_de_Marbre_20170617_balcony_railing.jpg/210px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_Cour_de_Marbre_20170617_balcony_railing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_Cour_de_Marbre_20170617_balcony_railing.jpg/280px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_Cour_de_Marbre_20170617_balcony_railing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_du_domaine_de_Versailles_le_20_ao%C3%BBt_2014_par_ToucanWings_-_Creative_Commons_By_Sa_3.0_-_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_du_domaine_de_Versailles_le_20_ao%C3%BBt_2014_par_ToucanWings_-_Creative_Commons_By_Sa_3.0_-_06.jpg/163px-Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_du_domaine_de_Versailles_le_20_ao%C3%BBt_2014_par_ToucanWings_-_Creative_Commons_By_Sa_3.0_-_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_du_domaine_de_Versailles_le_20_ao%C3%BBt_2014_par_ToucanWings_-_Creative_Commons_By_Sa_3.0_-_06.jpg/245px-Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_du_domaine_de_Versailles_le_20_ao%C3%BBt_2014_par_ToucanWings_-_Creative_Commons_By_Sa_3.0_-_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_du_domaine_de_Versailles_le_20_ao%C3%BBt_2014_par_ToucanWings_-_Creative_Commons_By_Sa_3.0_-_06.jpg/326px-Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_du_domaine_de_Versailles_le_20_ao%C3%BBt_2014_par_ToucanWings_-_Creative_Commons_By_Sa_3.0_-_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:74px;max-width:74px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_0840_-_Grille_royale_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DSC_0840_-_Grille_royale_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles.JPG/72px-DSC_0840_-_Grille_royale_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles.JPG" decoding="async" width="72" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DSC_0840_-_Grille_royale_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles.JPG/108px-DSC_0840_-_Grille_royale_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DSC_0840_-_Grille_royale_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles.JPG/144px-DSC_0840_-_Grille_royale_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1020851_(5015139099).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/P1020851_%285015139099%29.jpg/145px-P1020851_%285015139099%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/P1020851_%285015139099%29.jpg/218px-P1020851_%285015139099%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/P1020851_%285015139099%29.jpg/290px-P1020851_%285015139099%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Various gilded architectural ornaments of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Gold leaf has long been an integral component of <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> to designate important structures, both for aesthetics and because gold's non-reactive nature provides a protective finish. </p><p>Gold in architecture became an integral component of Byzantine and Roman churches and basilicas in 400 AD, most notably <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore</a> in Rome. The church was built by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Pope Sixtus III</a> and is one of the earliest examples of <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_gold" title="Mosaic gold">gold mosaics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosaics were made of stone, tile or glass backed on gold leaf walls, giving the church a beautifully intricate backdrop. The Athenian marble columns supporting the nave are even older, and either come from the first basilica, or from another antique Roman building; thirty-six are marble and four granite, pared down, or shortened to make them identical by Ferdinando Fuga, who provided them with identical gilt-bronze capitals.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 14th century <a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a>, or bell tower, is the highest in Rome, at 240 feet, (about 75 m.). The basilica's 16th-century coffered ceiling, designed by <a href="/wiki/Giuliano_da_Sangallo" title="Giuliano da Sangallo">Giuliano da Sangallo</a>, is said to be gilded with gold that <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> presented to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_and_Isabella" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand and Isabella">Ferdinand and Isabella</a>, before being passed on to the Spanish pope, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The apse mosaic, the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Virgin" title="Coronation of the Virgin">Coronation of the Virgin</a>, is from 1295, signed by the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> friar, <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Torriti" title="Jacopo Torriti">Jacopo Torriti</a>. </p><p>The top two floors of the Golden Pavilion in the temple of <a href="/wiki/Kinkaku-ji" title="Kinkaku-ji">Kinkaku-ji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, which originally dates back to 1399, are entirely covered with 20 kg of 0.5 μm gold leaf.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block" title="Centre Block">Centre Block</a> is the main building of the Canadian parliamentary complex on <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Parliament Hill</a>, containing the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a> chambers, as well as the offices of a number of members of parliament, senators, and senior administration for both legislative houses.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the location of several ceremonial spaces, such as the Hall of Honour, the Memorial Chamber, and Confederation Hall. Capping the Senate chamber is a gilded ceiling with deep octagonal <a href="/wiki/Coffer" title="Coffer">coffers</a>, each filled with <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldic</a> symbols, including maple leaves, fleur-de-lis, <a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)#Lions_rampant" title="Lion (heraldry)">lions rampant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A0rsach" class="mw-redirect" title="Clàrsach">clàrsach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)#Lions_passant" title="Lion (heraldry)">lions passant</a>. This plane rests on six pairs and four single <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a>, each of which is capped by a <a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">caryatid</a>, and between which are <a href="/wiki/Clerestory" title="Clerestory">clerestory</a> windows. Below the windows is a continuous architrave, broken only by <a href="/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin">baldachins</a> at the base of each of the above pilasters. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Criterion_Restaurant" title="Criterion Restaurant">Criterion Restaurant</a> is an opulent building facing <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a> in the heart of London. It was built by architect <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Verity" title="Thomas Verity">Thomas Verity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Byzantine">Neo-Byzantine</a> style for the partnership <a href="/wiki/Felix_Spiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Spiers">Spiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Pond" title="Christopher Pond">Pond</a> who opened it in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the restaurant's most famous features is the 'glistering' ceiling of gold mosaic, coved at the sides and patterned all over with lines and ornaments in blue and white <a href="/wiki/Tesserae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesserae">tesserae</a>. The wall decoration accords well with the real yellow gold leaf ceiling, incorporating semi-precious stones such as <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mother_of_pearl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother of pearl">mother of pearl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">turquoise</a> being lined with warm <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> and formed into <a href="/wiki/Blind_arcade" title="Blind arcade">blind arcades</a> with semi-elliptical <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arches</a> resting on slender octagonal columns, their unmolded capitals and the impost being encrusted with <a href="/wiki/Monreale" title="Monreale">goldground mosaic</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gold leaf adorns the wrought iron gates surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a> in France, when refinishing the gates nearly 200 years after they were torn down during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, it required hundreds of kilograms of gold leaf to complete the process.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gold leaf was used in the oil painting of the Bamiyan Buddha approximately 1,500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinkaku-ji_the_Golden_Temple_in_Kyoto_overlooking_the_lake_-_high_rez.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Golden Pavilion of Kinkaku-ji, Kyoto, Japan"><img alt="The Golden Pavilion of Kinkaku-ji, Kyoto, Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kinkaku-ji_the_Golden_Temple_in_Kyoto_overlooking_the_lake_-_high_rez.JPG/240px-Kinkaku-ji_the_Golden_Temple_in_Kyoto_overlooking_the_lake_-_high_rez.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kinkaku-ji_the_Golden_Temple_in_Kyoto_overlooking_the_lake_-_high_rez.JPG/360px-Kinkaku-ji_the_Golden_Temple_in_Kyoto_overlooking_the_lake_-_high_rez.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kinkaku-ji_the_Golden_Temple_in_Kyoto_overlooking_the_lake_-_high_rez.JPG/480px-Kinkaku-ji_the_Golden_Temple_in_Kyoto_overlooking_the_lake_-_high_rez.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Golden Pavilion of <a href="/wiki/Kinkaku-ji" title="Kinkaku-ji">Kinkaku-ji</a>, Kyoto, Japan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_ceiling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold leaf and painted coffers of the Senate chamber ceiling in Centre Block, Ottawa, Canada"><img alt="Gold leaf and painted coffers of the Senate chamber ceiling in Centre Block, Ottawa, Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Senate_ceiling.jpg/235px-Senate_ceiling.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Senate_ceiling.jpg/353px-Senate_ceiling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Senate_ceiling.jpg/470px-Senate_ceiling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1991" data-file-height="1525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold leaf and painted coffers of the Senate chamber ceiling in <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block" title="Centre Block">Centre Block</a>, Ottawa, Canada</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nishimuraya_Hotel_Shogetsutei_Kinosaki_Onsen_Japan20s3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Nishimuraya_Hotel_Shogetsutei_Kinosaki_Onsen_Japan20s3.jpg/220px-Nishimuraya_Hotel_Shogetsutei_Kinosaki_Onsen_Japan20s3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Nishimuraya_Hotel_Shogetsutei_Kinosaki_Onsen_Japan20s3.jpg/330px-Nishimuraya_Hotel_Shogetsutei_Kinosaki_Onsen_Japan20s3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Nishimuraya_Hotel_Shogetsutei_Kinosaki_Onsen_Japan20s3.jpg/440px-Nishimuraya_Hotel_Shogetsutei_Kinosaki_Onsen_Japan20s3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a> with some gold leaf in the Nishimuraya Hotel Shogetsutei from <a href="/wiki/Kinosaki,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Kinosaki, Hyōgo">Kinosaki, Hyōgo</a>, Japan)</figcaption></figure> <p>Gold leaf (as well as other <a href="/wiki/Metal_leaf" title="Metal leaf">metal leaf</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Vark" title="Vark">vark</a>) is sometimes used to decorate food or drink, typically to promote a perception of luxury and high value; however, it is flavorless.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is occasionally found in <a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">desserts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a>, including chocolates, honey and <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_sweets" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian sweets">mithai</a></i>. In India it may be used effectively as a garnish, with thin sheets placed on a main dish, especially on festive occasions. When used as an additive to food, gold has the <a href="/wiki/E-number" class="mw-redirect" title="E-number">E-number</a> E175. A centuries-old traditional artisan variety of green tea contains pieces of gold leaf; 99% of this kind of tea is produced in <a href="/wiki/Kanazawa" title="Kanazawa">Kanazawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, a historic city for <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> craftsmanship.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also home to a gold leaf museum, <a href="/wiki/Kanazawa_Yasue_Gold_Leaf_Museum" title="Kanazawa Yasue Gold Leaf Museum">Kanazawa Yasue Gold Leaf Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a> liquors with tiny floating pieces of gold leaf are known of since the late 16th century; originally the practice was regarded as medicinal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Well-known examples are <a href="/wiki/Danziger_Goldwasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Danziger Goldwasser">Danziger Goldwasser</a>, originally from <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, Poland, which has been produced since at least 1598, <a href="/wiki/Gold_Strike_(drink)" title="Gold Strike (drink)">Goldstrike</a> from <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwabacher_Goldwasser_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwabacher Goldwasser (drink)">Goldwasser</a> from <a href="/wiki/Schwabach" title="Schwabach">Schwabach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and the Swiss <a href="/wiki/Goldschl%C3%A4ger" title="Goldschläger">Goldschläger</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ormolu" title="Ormolu">Ormolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_metal" title="Dutch metal">Dutch metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Dragée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin(IV)_sulfide" title="Tin(IV) sulfide">Tin(IV) sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_leaf" title="Metal leaf">Metal leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_gold" title="Mosaic gold">Mosaic gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldene" title="Goldene">Goldene</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Single-layer_materials" title="Single-layer materials">single-layer material</a> made of gold atoms.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_leaf&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVilfranc1999" class="citation web cs1">Vilfranc, Jenifer M. 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Tuttle Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">289–</span>292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0794602550" title="Special:BookSources/978-0794602550"><bdi>978-0794602550</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extreme+Cuisine%3A+The+Weird+%26+Wonderful+Foods+that+People+Eat&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E289-%3C%2Fspan%3E292&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0794602550&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDJDKaxEEfYgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.kanazawa.ishikawa.jp/dentou_e/way/tea/try/trye.html">"Japanese Culture/The Way/Tea ceremony/Let's Try"</a>. <i>www.city.kanazawa.ishikawa.jp</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.city.kanazawa.ishikawa.jp&rft.atitle=Japanese+Culture%2FThe+Way%2FTea+ceremony%2FLet%27s+Try&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.kanazawa.ishikawa.jp%2Fdentou_e%2Fway%2Ftea%2Ftry%2Ftrye.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kanazawa-museum.jp/kinpaku/english/#:~:text=It%20is%20one%20of%20the,relocated%20to%20Higashiyama%20in%202010.">"Kanazawa Yasue Gold Leaf Museum"</a>. <i>www.kanazawa-museum.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in German) partly illustrated history of goldbeating</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/video/gold-beating/">Gold Beating 1959</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/video/gold-beating-out-takes">Gold Beating Out Takes 1950-1959</a>, two <a href="/wiki/British_Path%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="British Pathé">British Pathé</a> newsreel clips depicting the goldbeating process</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Goldbeating"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Goldbeating">"Goldbeating" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goldbeating&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+leaf" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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