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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Simptomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simptomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Simptomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simptomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Epidemiologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Historija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hipoteze_o_izvoru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hipoteze_o_izvoru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><b>Hipoteze o izvoru</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hipoteze_o_izvoru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Širenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Širenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><b>Širenje</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Širenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smrtnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smrtnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><b>Smrtnost</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smrtnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osobine_Gripe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osobine_Gripe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span><b>Osobine Gripe</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osobine_Gripe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smrtonosni_drugi_val_bolesti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smrtonosni_drugi_val_bolesti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span><b>Smrtonosni drugi val bolesti</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smrtonosni_drugi_val_bolesti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Španska groznica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 94 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanse_griep_in_Suid-Afrika" title="Spaanse griep in Suid-Afrika – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spaanse griep in Suid-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanische_Grippe" title="Spanische Grippe – njemački (Švicarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Spanische Grippe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="njemački (Švicarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإنفلونزا الإسبانية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإنفلونزا الإسبانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الانفلونزا الاسبانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الانفلونزا الاسبانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripe_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Gripe español – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gripe español" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0span_qripi" title="İspan qripi – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İspan qripi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF" title="Іспанскі грып – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іспанскі грып" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF" title="Гішпанскі грып – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гішпанскі грып" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Испански грип – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Испански грип" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81" title="স্প্যানিশ ফ্লু – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্প্যানিশ ফ্লু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_grip_de_1918" title="Pandèmia de grip de 1918 – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pandèmia de grip de 1918" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83%CC%A4-b%C4%83ng-ng%C3%A0_li%C3%B9-g%C4%81ng" title="Să̤-băng-ngà liù-gāng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să̤-băng-ngà liù-gāng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9x-h%C3%A1enaots%C3%A9stove" title="Tséx-háenaotséstove – čejenski" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tséx-háenaotséstove" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="čejenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئەنفلۆنزای ئیسپانی – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنفلۆنزای ئیسپانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsk%C3%A1_ch%C5%99ipka" title="Španělská chřipka – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Španělská chřipka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemig_ffliw_1918" title="Pandemig ffliw 1918 – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pandemig ffliw 1918" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_spanske_syge" title="Den spanske syge – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den spanske syge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanische_Grippe" title="Spanische Grippe – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spanische Grippe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Ισπανική γρίπη – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισπανική γρίπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spanish flu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispana_gripo" title="Hispana gripo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hispana gripo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_gripe_de_1918" title="Pandemia de gripe de 1918 – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pandemia de gripe de 1918" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaania_gripp" title="Hispaania gripp – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hispaania gripp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espainiako_gripea" title="Espainiako gripea – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espainiako gripea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="آنفلوانزای اسپانیایی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنفلوانزای اسپانیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanjantauti" title="Espanjantauti – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Espanjantauti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grippe_espagnole" title="Grippe espagnole – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grippe espagnole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaans_Grip" title="Spaans Grip – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Spaans Grip" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanske_gryp" title="Spaanske gryp – zapadni frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spaanske gryp" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fli%C3%BA_Sp%C3%A1inneach" title="Fliú Spáinneach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fliú Spáinneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripe_de_1918" title="Gripe de 1918 – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gripe de 1918" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%82" title="સ્પેનિશ ફ્લૂ – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્પેનિશ ફ્લૂ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-p%C3%A2n-ng%C3%A0_li%C3%B9-k%C3%A1m" title="Sî-pân-ngà liù-kám – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-pân-ngà liù-kám" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="השפעת הספרדית – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השפעת הספרדית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82" title="स्पेनी फ्लू – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्पेनी फ्लू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panjolska_gripa" title="Španjolska gripa – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Španjolska gripa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyoln%C3%A1tha" title="Spanyolnátha – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spanyolnátha" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BA" title="Իսպանական գրիպ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանական գրիպ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%83" title="Սպանական Կրիփ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սպանական Կրիփ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flu_Spanyol" title="Flu Spanyol – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Flu Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A6nska_veikin" title="Spænska veikin – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spænska veikin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_spagnola" title="Influenza spagnola – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Influenza spagnola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9C" title="スペインかぜ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペインかぜ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8_%EB%8F%85%EA%B0%90" title="스페인 독감 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인 독감" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsima_spanyol%C3%AE" title="Arsima spanyolî – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Arsima spanyolî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influentia_Hispanica" title="Influentia Hispanica – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Influentia Hispanica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemica_de_gripe_de_1918" title="Pandemica de gripe de 1918 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pandemica de gripe de 1918" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freve_spagnolla" title="Freve spagnolla – ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Freve spagnolla" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_spagnoeula" title="Influenza spagnoeula – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Influenza spagnoeula" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil%C3%ADpi_ya_Espania" title="Gilípi ya Espania – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gilípi ya Espania" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%82%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%99" title="ໄຂ້ຫວັດໃຫ່ຍສະເປນ – laoski" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄຂ້ຫວັດໃຫ່ຍສະເປນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispani%C5%A1kasis_gripas" title="Ispaniškasis gripas – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ispaniškasis gripas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86u_gripa" title="Spāņu gripa – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spāņu gripa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81" title="स्पेनिस फ्लु – maitili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्पेनिस फ्लु" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maitili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemik_selesema_1918" title="Pandemik selesema 1918 – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pandemik selesema 1918" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%81%E1%81%88_%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="၁၉၁၈ တုပ်ကွေး ကမ္ဘာကပ် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၁၈ တုပ်ကွေး ကမ္ဘာကပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanse_griep" title="Spaanse griep – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spaanse griep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanskesjuka" title="Spanskesjuka – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spanskesjuka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanskesyken" title="Spanskesyken – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spanskesyken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripa_espanh%C3%B2la" title="Gripa espanhòla – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gripa espanhòla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82" title="ਸਪੇਨੀ ਫਲੂ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਪੇਨੀ ਫਲੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_grypy_hiszpanki" title="Pandemia grypy hiszpanki – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pandemia grypy hiszpanki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88" title="ہسپانوی فلو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہسپانوی فلو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8D_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="هسپانوۍ انفلونزا – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هسپانوۍ انفلونزا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripe_espanhola" title="Gripe espanhola – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gripe espanhola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grip%C4%83_spaniol%C4%83" title="Gripă spaniolă – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gripă spaniolă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF" title="Испанский грипп – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Испанский грипп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influ%C3%A8ntzia_ispagnola" title="Influèntzia ispagnola – sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Influèntzia ispagnola" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainish_flu" title="Spainish flu – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spainish flu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panska_groznica" title="Španska groznica – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Španska groznica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Spanish flu" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_pandemic_of_1918" title="Influenza pandemic of 1918 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Influenza pandemic of 1918" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panielska_chr%C3%ADpka" title="Španielska chrípka – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Španielska chrípka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panska_gripa" title="Španska gripa – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Španska gripa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanjatavd%C3%A2" title="Espanjatavdâ – inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Espanjatavdâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripi_spanjoll" title="Gripi spanjoll – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gripi spanjoll" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Шпанска грозница – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шпанска грозница" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanska_sjukan" title="Spanska sjukan – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spanska sjukan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlipuko_wa_homa_ya_mafua_wa_1918" title="Mlipuko wa homa ya mafua wa 1918 – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mlipuko wa homa ya mafua wa 1918" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="1918 இன்ஃபுளுவென்சா தொற்றுப்பரவல் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1918 இன்ஃபுளுவென்சா தொற்றுப்பரவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%82" title="స్పానిష్ ఫ్లూ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్పానిష్ ఫ్లూ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="ไข้หวัดใหญ่สเปน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไข้หวัดใหญ่สเปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemyang_trangkaso_ng_1918" title="Pandemyang trangkaso ng 1918 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pandemyang trangkaso ng 1918" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanyol_gribi" title="İspanyol gribi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İspanyol gribi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF" title="Испан грипп – tuvinijski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Испан грипп" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Іспанський грип – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іспанський грип" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88" title="ہسپانوی فلو – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہسپانوی فلو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispan_grippi" title="Ispan grippi – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ispan grippi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_c%C3%BAm_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha_1918" title="Đại dịch cúm Tây Ban Nha 1918 – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại dịch cúm Tây Ban Nha 1918" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gripe_espagnole" title="Gripe espagnole – valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gripe espagnole" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918%E5%B9%B4%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C" title="1918年流感大流行 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1918年流感大流行" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918%E5%B9%B4%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C" title="1918年流感大流行 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1918年流感大流行" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-pan-g%C3%A2_li%C3%BB-k%C3%A1m" title="Se-pan-gâ liû-kám – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-pan-gâ liû-kám" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F" title="西班牙流感 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西班牙流感" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178275#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CampFunstonKS-InfluenzaHospital.jpg/300px-CampFunstonKS-InfluenzaHospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CampFunstonKS-InfluenzaHospital.jpg/450px-CampFunstonKS-InfluenzaHospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CampFunstonKS-InfluenzaHospital.jpg/600px-CampFunstonKS-InfluenzaHospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Prizor iz vojne bolnice sa bolesnicima od španske groznice (Fort Riley, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, Camp Funston)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pandemija gripe iz 1918. godine, također poznata i kao Velika epidemija gripe, ili, još poznatija kao Španska gripa je bila izrazito smrtonosna globalna epidemija gripe izazvana virusom gripe H1N1, podtip A. Najraniji dokumentovani slučaj ovog oboljenja otkriven je u martu 1918. godine u Kanzasu, u Sjedninjenim Američkim državama, dok su drugi slučajevi zabeleženi u Francuskoj, Nemačkoj i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu u aprilu iste godine. Dvije godine kasnije, skoro trećina svjetske populacije, ili procijenjenih 500 miliona ljudi, zaraženo je ovim virusom u četiri uzastopna talasa. Procjene smrtnih slučajeva kreću se od 17 do 50 miliona <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, a moguće i do 100 miliona, što je čini jednom od najsmrtonosnijih pandemija u istoriji čovječanstva.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Za zvanični kraj pandemije se uzima decembar 1920. godine. </p><p>Pandemija je izbila pred kraj <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a>, kada su ratni cenzori zaraćenih strana suzbijali vijesti o oboljenima u svojim državama, kako ne bi negativno uticale na moral. Slobodno izvještavanje je bilo moguće u tada neutralnoj Španiji, zbog čega su tamošnji mediji opširno izvještavali o širenju epidemije u ovoj državi. Na taj način je stvoren utisak da je Španija u stvari epicentar epidemije, zbog čega se u javnosti i kolektivnom sjećanju ova pandemija i najčešće titulira kao "Španska gripa"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Većina epidemija gripe nesrazmjerno ubija mlade i stare, s većom stopom preživljavanja za one u srednjoj životnoj dobi, ali ova pandemija je imala neobično visok mortalitet za mlade odrasle osobe<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Simptomi">Simptomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Simptomi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Simptomi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Većina zaraženih imala je samo tipične simptome gripe kao što su grlobolja, glavobolja i groznica, posebno tokom prvog talasa. Međutim, tokom drugog talasa bolest je postala mnogo ozbiljnija, često komplikovana bakterijskom upalom pluća koja je u velikom broju slučajeva dovodila do smrtnog ishoda. Ovaj ozbiljniji tip bi doveo do razvoja heliotropne <a href="/wiki/Cijanoza" title="Cijanoza">cijanoze</a>, pri čemu bi se na koži prvo razvile dvije mrlje od boje mahagonija preko jagodica koje bi se zatim tokom nekoliko sati proširile i obojile cijelo lice u plavo, nakon čega bi došlo do crne boje prvo u ekstremitetima, a zatim bi se dalje širile na udove i torzo. Nakon toga, smrt bi uslijedila u roku od nekoliko sati ili dana, usljed nakupljanja tečnosti u plućima. Ostali prijavljeni znaci i simptomi uključivali su spontano krvarenje iz usta i nosa, pobačaje kod trudnica, neobičan miris, ispadanja zuba i opadanje kose, <a href="/wiki/Delirij" title="Delirij">delirijum</a>, vrtoglavicu, nesanicu, gubitak sluha ili mirisa i oštećen vid.Jedan posmatrač je napisao: "Jedna od najupečatljivijih komplikacija bilo je krvarenje iz sluzokože, posebno iz nosa, želuca i crijeva. Došlo bi i do krvarenja iz ušiju i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petehijalna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petehijalna (stranica ne postoji)">petehijalne</a> <a href="/wiki/Krvarenje" title="Krvarenje">hemoragije</a> na koži." Vjeruje se da je ozbiljnost simptoma uzrokovana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citokinska_oluja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citokinska oluja (stranica ne postoji)">citokinskim olujama</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiologija">Epidemiologija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Epidemiologija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Epidemiologija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Većina epidemija gripe neproporcionalno ubija maloljetnike i starije osobe ili već oslabljene bolesnike. Za razliku od toga, <a href="/wiki/Pandemija" title="Pandemija">pandemija</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a>, je pretežno usmrtila prethodno zdrave i mlađe odrasle osobe. Moderna istraživanja, koristeći virus uzet iz tijela smrznutih žrtava, zaključila su da je virus ubijao kroz "citokinsku oluju" (pretjeranu reakciju <a href="/wiki/Imunitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Imunitet">imuniteta</a> <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizma</a>). Snažna imunološka reakcija mlađih odraslih osoba bi opustošila tijelo, dok je slabiji imunitet djece i odraslih osoba srednjih godina rezultirao manjim brojem smrtnih slučajeva u tim grupama. </p><p>Umiranja su bila toliko masovna da lokalne zajednice po <a href="/wiki/Grad" title="Grad">gradovima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Selo" title="Selo">selima</a> nisu imale dovoljno resursa da se nose ni sa uzrocima ni sa posljedicama španske <a href="/wiki/Gripa" title="Gripa">gripe</a>. Mrtvačnice su bile premale da prihvate sve umrle, tako da su leševi trunuli po ulicama, a u bolnicama i prihvatilištima <a href="/wiki/Le%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Leš">leševi</a> su slagani po hodnicima, kao cjepanice. U nedostatku zvaničnih lijekova, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">ljudi</a> su pribjegavali "tradicionalnoj" <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicini</a> - konzumirali su sirovi luk (posebno bijeli luk), nosili <a href="/wiki/Krompir" title="Krompir">krompir</a> u džepu ili vrećice kamfora oko <a href="/wiki/Vrat" title="Vrat">vrata</a>. Međutim, niti jedna od tih "terapija" nije spriječila nalet drugog, a zatim i trećeg talasa španske gripe. </p><p>Historijski i <a href="/wiki/Epidemiologija" title="Epidemiologija">epidemiološki</a> podaci su neadekvatni za identifikaciju <a href="/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija">geografskog</a> porijekla ove pandemije. <a href="/wiki/Virus" class="mw-disambig" title="Virus">Virus</a> je bio je upleten i u izbijanje letargičnog <a href="/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis">encefalitisa</a>, 1920-ih.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da bi se održao <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moral</a> vojnika i <a href="/wiki/Stanovni%C5%A1tvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanovništvo">stanovništva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">ratni</a> cenzori su minimizirali izvještaje o bolesti i <a href="/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt">smrtnosti</a> u <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačkoj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velika_Britanija" title="Velika Britanija">Velikoj Britaniji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska">Francuskoj</a> i <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>-u. Međutim, <a href="/wiki/Novine" title="Novine">novine</a> su izvještavale slobodno o epidemijskom efektima u neutralnoj <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija">Španiji</a> (kao što je <a href="/wiki/Grob" title="Grob">grob</a> oboljelog Alfonsa XIII), stvarajući lažni dojam da je ova zemlja posebno teško pogođeno područje ili čak epicentar pandemije<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — tako da je pandemija dobila i nezvanični naziv nadimak <b>španska groznica</b> (<i>španska gripa</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvi svjetski rat</a> je okončan primirjem 11. novembra 1918. godine. Međutim, kada su pri dočecima <a href="/wiki/Vojnik" title="Vojnik">vojnika</a>-povratnika, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">ljudi</a> ponovo počeli izlaziti na ulice, počeo je i treći val španske gripe, koji je zahvatio i <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Ameriku</a>. </p><p>Treći <a href="/wiki/Talas" title="Talas">talas</a> španske gripe nije bio toliko <a href="/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt">smrtonosan</a> kao drugi val, ali i dalje smrtonosniji od prvog. Iako je također zahvatio <a href="/wiki/Stanovni%C5%A1tvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanovništvo">stanovništvo</a> širom <a href="/wiki/Svijet" title="Svijet">svijeta</a>, ubijajući mnoge od svojih žrtava, privukao je mnogo manje pažnje. Ljudi su bili spremni za novi početak svojih <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život">života</a> i više nisu bili zainteresirani za <a href="/wiki/Strah" title="Strah">strah</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt">smrtonosnu</a> <a href="/wiki/Gripa" title="Gripa">gripu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="box-Standardi plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Spelling_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spelling_icon.svg/40px-Spelling_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spelling_icon.svg/60px-Spelling_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Spelling_icon.svg/80px-Spelling_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Moguće je da članak ne poštuje standarde Wikipedije na bosanskom jeziku</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Pod ovim se podrazumijevaju afrikati, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pravopis_bosanskog_jezika" title="Wikipedia:Pravopis bosanskog jezika">pravopis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pravilno-nepravilno_u_bosanskom_jeziku" title="Wikipedia:Pravilno-nepravilno u bosanskom jeziku">pisanje riječi u skladu sa standardima</a>, te <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Jezi%C4%8Dki_standardi_Wikipedije_na_bosanskom_jeziku" title="Wikipedia:Jezički standardi Wikipedije na bosanskom jeziku">način pisanja članaka</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hipoteze_o_izvoru"><b>Hipoteze o izvoru</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Hipoteze o izvoru"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Hipoteze o izvoru"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Velike koncentracije vojske i vojna bolnica u Etaplesu u Francuskoj se pominju kao mogući epicentar Španske gripe, prema istraživanju iz 1999. godine koji je obavio britanski tim pod vodstvom virologa <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Oxford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Oxford (stranica ne postoji)">John Oxforda</a>. Prema ovom istraživanju, krajem 1917. godine vojni patolozi izvještavaju o novoj, veoma smrtonosnoj bolesti koju su kasnije prepoznali kao gripu. Prenatrpani kampovi i bolnice su bili idealna mjesta za širenje <a href="/wiki/Respiratorni_sistem" title="Respiratorni sistem">respiratornog</a> virusa. Bolnice su bile tretirale hiljade žrtava hemijskog oružja, koje je prvi put masovno upotrebljeno upravo u Prvom svjetskom ratu. Vojna bolnici Etaples je dnevno obrađivala oko 100.000 pacijenata. U blizini se nalazila svinjska štala, a i perad su donošena iz okolnih sela. Oxford i njegov tim u svom istraživanju tvrde da je virus sa ptica mutirao i prešao na svinje, a potom i na čovjeka. </p><p>Postoje i tvrdnje da je virus zapravo nastao u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Historičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_W._Crosby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred W. Crosby (stranica ne postoji)">Alfred W. Crosby</a> tvrdi da je gripa nastala u <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansasu</a>. Popularni autor John Barry opisuje Haskell okrug u Kansasu kao žarište početka gripe. Tvrdi se da je krajem 1917, prvi talas epidemije zahvatio 14 američkih vojnih kampova. Ulaskom Sjedinjenih američkih država u Prvi svjetski rat, došlo je do širenja ovog virusa na Evropskom kontinentu. </p><p>Daljnju teoriju formulisao je 2014. historičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Humphries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Humphries (stranica ne postoji)">Mark Humphries</a>, koji tvrdi da je mobilizacija 96.000 kineskih radnika koji su radili iza britansko-francuskih ratnih linija bila izvor pandemije, odnosno da je virus prvobitno nastao u Kini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Širenje"><span id=".C5.A0irenje"></span><b>Širenje</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Širenje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Širenje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kada inficirana osoba kihne ili kašlje, više od pola miliona virusnih čestica preplavi prostor oko nje. Zatvoreni prostori i masivni pokreti trupa u Prvom svjetskom ratu je pogodovalo širenju virusa, i vrlo vjerovatno ubrzalo i mutacije virusa, a sam rat je uzrokovao i veliku smrtnost virusa. Neki tvrde da su imuni sistemi vojnika bili oslabljeni neadekvatnom ishranom, kao i stresovima borbe i hemijskih napada. </p><p>Faktor koji je znatno doprinio svjetskom širenju pandemije bilo je i naglo povećanje putovanja. Moderni transportni sistemi su omogućavali vojnicima, mornarima, i civilima da rašire bolest u relativno kratkom roku. </p><p>Augusta 1918, mutacija virusa se simultano pojavila u Brestu, Francuska, <a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a>, Sierra Leone, i u <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Bostonu</a>, SAD. Španska gripa se preselila u Irsku s irskim borcima koji su se vratili s fronta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smrtnost"><b>Smrtnost</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Smrtnost"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Smrtnost"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smatra se da se trećina svjetske populacije zarazila virusom. Približno 2–3% zaraženih je umrlo. Ova gripa je u 24 sedmice ubila više ljudi nego <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> u 24 godine. <a href="/wiki/Crna_smrt" title="Crna smrt">Crna smrt</a> (kuga) ubila je mnogo viši postotak svjetske populacije. </p><p>Bolest je ubijala u svim dijelovima svijeta, 17 miliona žrtava u Indiji, oko 5% populacije tadašnje populacije. Kina je izgubila između 5 i 9 miliona stanovnika. Iran je također imao veliku smrtnost. Prema procjenama, između 8 i 22% populacije je umrlo od virusa. </p><p>U SAD-u oko 28% populacije je bilo zaraženo ovim virusom. Aproksimativno 0,48 do 0,64% populacije je umrlo. <a href="/wiki/Domoroda%C4%8Dki_narodi_Amerike" title="Domorodački narodi Amerike">Američki domorodci</a> su bili posebno pogođena skupina. Čitava sela Inuit i domorodaca sa Aljaske su pomrla. Kanada je imala 50.000 umrlih. </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilu</a> je umrlo 300.000 osoba, uključujući i tadašnjeg predsjednika ove države. U Engleskoj je bilo 250.000 umrlih. U Francuskoj preko 400.000. </p><p>Smrtnost gripe je iznosila oko 2,5% zaraženih dok je kod obične gripe smrtnost 0,1%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osobine_Gripe"><b>Osobine Gripe</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Osobine Gripe"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Osobine Gripe"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Širenje gripe se nastavilo u <a href="/wiki/Ljeto" title="Ljeto">ljeto</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jesen" title="Jesen">jesen</a>, dok je kod obične gripe širenje ograničeno na <a href="/wiki/Zima" title="Zima">zimski</a> period. </p><p>Moderna analiza ukazuje da je virus posebno smrtonosan jer pokreće <a href="/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin">citokinsku</a> oluju (prekomjernu reakciju imunog sistema) što uništava jači imuni sistem mlađih ljudi. Jedna grupa istraživača je izvukla virus iz zaleđenih žrtava i inficirala životinje sa njim. Životinje su dobile progresivno uništenje respiratornog sistema i smrt kroz citokinsku oluju. </p><p>Slučajevi sa brzom smrtnošću su uglavnom uzrokovani upalom pluća. Sporiji slučajevi su dobijali sekundarne bakterijske infekcije sa zahvatanjem <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivac" title="Živac">nerva</a> što je uzrokovalo <a href="/wiki/Mentalna_retardacija" title="Mentalna retardacija">mentalne bolesti</a> u nekim slučajevima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smrtonosni_drugi_val_bolesti"><b>Smrtonosni drugi val bolesti</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Smrtonosni drugi val bolesti"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Smrtonosni drugi val bolesti"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drugi val bolesti je bio puno smrtonosniji od prvog. Prvi val je ličio na tipičnu epidemiju gripe. On je najviše pogodio stare i bolesne, dok su mlađi ljudi lako prebrodili simpotome. Do augusta kada je drugi val počeo u Francuskoj, Sierra Leoneu, i SAD-u, virus je mutirao u puno smrtonosniji oblik. Oktobar 1918. je bio najsmrtonosniji mjesec čitave pandemije. </p><p>Činjenica da si oni koji su se oporavili od prvog vala postali imuni ukazuje da je to bila ista vrsta gripe. Drugi val je najviše pogodio mlade zdrave ljude. </p><p><b>Uništene zajednice</b> </p><p>Čak i u područjima sa malom stopom smrtnosti, mnogi su bili pogođeni jer je svakodnevni život bio poremećen. Neke zajednice su zatvorili sve radnje ili zahtjevali od mušterija da naručuju robu ispred radnje. Zdravstveni radnici nisu mogli pomagati bolesnim, niti su kopači grobova mogli ukopavati mrtve jer su i sami bili previše bolesni. U mnogim mjestima masovne grobnice su bile iskopane parnim mašinama, i leševi ukopani bez kovčega. </p><p><b>Trovanje Aspirinom</b> </p><p>U knjizi "Kliničke Infektivne Bolesti", Karen Starko 2009. godine je postavio tezu da je trovanje aspirinom bilo uzrok mnogih smrti u periodu Španske gripe. Do ovoga je došlo nakon što je glavni doktor armije SAD-a u "Žurnalu Američke Medicinske Asocijacije" preporučio veoma visoke doze od 8-31 grama aspirina dnevno kao djelotvorni tretman protiv ove gripe. Zbog ovog pristupa došlo je do pojave hiperventilacije kod 33% pacijenata, a razvijanja plućnog edema kod 3% pacijenata na ovom tretmanu. </p><p>Starko ukazuje da su rane smrti pokazivale "mokra" pluća, dok su kasniji slučajevi pokazivali bakterijsku upalu pluća. Ova hipoteza je kasnije opovrgnuta jer je stopa smrtnosti u Indiji bila izuzetno visoka, a da tamo nije bilo aspirina. </p><p><b>Kraj Epidemije</b> </p><p>Poslije smrtonosnog drugog vala kasne 1918, novi slučajevi su naglo opali. Jedno od objašnjenja naglog pada smrtnosti jeste to da su doktori postali bolji u prevenciji i liječenju upale pluća kao popratnog stanja bolesti, ali John Barry tvrdi da nema dokaza za ovu tvrdnju. </p><p>Druga teorija tvrdi da je 1918 virus naglo mutirao u manje smrtonosnu verziju. Ovo je česta pojava kod virusa gripe: postoji tendencija da patogeni virusi postanu manje smrtonosni kako vrijeme prolazi, i domačini opasnijih verzija virusa imaju tendenciju da umru.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php%7C">https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php%7C</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mrtav_link" title="Wikipedia:Mrtav link"><span title=" Mrtav link od datuma Oktobar 2019">mrtav link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taubenberger J. 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(2006): 1918Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/1/05-0979_article.htm%7Ctitle=">http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/1/05-0979_article.htm%7Ctitle=</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mrtav_link" title="Wikipedia:Mrtav link"><span title="">mrtav link</span></a></i>]</span></sup> 2009|archive-url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.webcitation.org/kCUlGdKu%7Cdeadurl=no%7Cdoi=10.3201/eid1201.05097">http://www.webcitation.org/kCUlGdKu%7Cdeadurl=no%7Cdoi=10.3201/eid1201.05097</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mrtav_link" title="Wikipedia:Mrtav link"><span title="">mrtav link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patterson K. D., Pyle G. F . (1991): The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Bull. Hist. Med., 65 (1): 4–21 |pmid=2021692}}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson N. P., Mueller J. (2002): Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918–1920"Spanish" influenza pandemic. Bull. Hist. Med., 76 (1): 105–115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Galvin J. (2011): Spanish Flu Pandemic: 1918|url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/natural-disasters/4219884%7Cpublisher=Popular">http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/natural-disasters/4219884%7Cpublisher=Popular</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mrtav_link" title="Wikipedia:Mrtav link"><span title=" Mrtav link od datuma Oktobar 2019">mrtav link</span></a></i>]</span></sup> Mechanics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_flu&oldid=945000710">"Spanish flu"</a>. <i>Wikipedia</i> (jezik: engleski). 11. 3. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Spanish+flu&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSpanish_flu%26oldid%3D945000710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%A0panska+groznica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vilensky J. A., Foley P., Gilman S. (2007): Children and encephalitis lethargica: a historical. Pediatr. Neurol., 37 (2): 79–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry J. M. (2004): The great influenza: The epic story of the greatest plague in history. Viking Penguin, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-670-89473-7" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-670-89473-7">0-670-89473-7</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0panska_groznica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandemija" title="Pandemija">Pandemija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarazne_bolesti" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarazne bolesti">Zarazne bolesti</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Španska_groznica&oldid=3601621">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Španska_groznica&oldid=3601621</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Medicina" title="Kategorija:Medicina">Medicina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pandemije" title="Kategorija:Pandemije">Pandemije</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_sa_mrtvim_vanjskim_linkovima" title="Kategorija:Članci sa mrtvim vanjskim linkovima">Članci sa mrtvim vanjskim linkovima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(engleski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (engleski)">CS1 upotrebe (engleski)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Potrebno_standardiziranje" title="Kategorija:Potrebno standardiziranje">Potrebno standardiziranje</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena na datum 28 april 2024 u 21:35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">slobodnom licencom Autorstvo-Dijeliti pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uvjeti. 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