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id="toc-Early_years_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_publications_and_studies_in_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_publications_and_studies_in_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 First publications and studies in England </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_publications_and_studies_in_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Change_of_name,_ideology_and_teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Change_of_name,_ideology_and_teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Change of name, ideology and teaching </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Change_of_name,_ideology_and_teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imprisonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imprisonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Imprisonment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imprisonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Exile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Awards and honours </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Awards and honours subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Honorary degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Publications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Publications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short-story_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short-story_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Short-story collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short-story_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Plays </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memoirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memoirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Memoirs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memoirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_non-fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_non-fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Other non-fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_non-fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children's_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Children's books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" > 59 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%89%E1%8C%8A_%E1%8B%8B_%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8E" title="ንጉጊ ዋ ቲዮንጎ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ንጉጊ ዋ ቲዮንጎ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88" title="نغوغي وا ثيونغو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نغوغي وا ثيونغو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nquqi_Va_Thionqo" title="Nquqi Va Thionqo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nquqi Va Thionqo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88" title="نقوقی وا تیونقو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نقوقی وا تیونقو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%99%27%E0%A6%85" title="ঙ্গোগে ওয়া থিয়ঙ'অ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঙ্গোগে ওয়া থিয়ঙ'অ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%E2%80%99o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88" title="نگوگی وا تیونگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نگوگی وا تیونگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%91%EA%B5%AC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%99%80_%ED%8B%B0%EC%98%B9%EC%98%A4" title="응구기 와 티옹오 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="응구기 와 티옹오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D5%A1_%D4%B9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8" title="Նգուգի վա Թիոնգո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նգուգի վա Թիոնգո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B" title="न्गुगी वा थ्योंगो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्गुगी वा थ्योंगो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%94_%D7%AA%27%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95" title="נגוגי וה ת'יונגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נגוגי וה ת'יונגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%E2%80%99o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8B" title="ങ്ഗോഗെ വാ തിയോങ്ങോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ങ്ഗോഗെ വാ തിയോങ്ങോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4" title="グギ・ワ・ジオンゴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グギ・ワ・ジオンゴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B" title="ਨਗੂਗੀ ਵਾ ਥਿਉਂਗੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਗੂਗੀ ਵਾ ਥਿਉਂਗੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%E2%80%99o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Нгуги Ва Тхионго – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нгуги Ва Тхионго" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_va_Tiongo" title="Ngugi va Tiongo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ngugi va Tiongo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%E2%80%99o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="நுகுகி வா தியங்கோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நுகுகி வா தியங்கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_Wa_Thiongo" title="Ngugi Wa Thiongo – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ngugi Wa Thiongo" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Нгугі Ва Тхіонго – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нгугі Ва Тхіонго" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%8F%90%E6%98%82%E6%88%88" title="恩古吉·瓦·提昂戈 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恩古吉·瓦·提昂戈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Ti%E1%BB%8Dng%E1%BB%8D" title="Ngugi wa Tiọngọ – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ngugi wa Tiọngọ" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q302910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kenyan writer (born 1938)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this article, the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is Ngũgĩ.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o_-_Festivaletteratura_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Thiong'o in 2012"><img alt="Thiong'o in 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o_-_Festivaletteratura_2012.JPG/220px-Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o_-_Festivaletteratura_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o_-_Festivaletteratura_2012.JPG/330px-Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o_-_Festivaletteratura_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o_-_Festivaletteratura_2012.JPG/440px-Ngugi_wa_Thiong%27o_-_Festivaletteratura_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="2902" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Thiong'o in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">James Ngugi (1938-01-05) 5 January 1938 (age 87) <a href="/wiki/Kamiriithu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamiriithu">Kamiriithu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya Colony</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kiambu_County" title="Kiambu County">Kiambu County</a>, Kenya)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">English, Kiswahili, <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_language" title="Kikuyu language">Kikuyu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Makerere_University" title="Makerere University">Makerere University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>) <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Weep_Not,_Child" title="Weep Not, Child">Weep Not, Child</a> (1964); <a href="/wiki/The_River_Between" title="The River Between">The River Between</a> (1965); <a href="/wiki/A_Grain_of_Wheat" title="A Grain of Wheat">A Grain of Wheat</a> (1967); <a href="/wiki/Petals_of_Blood" title="Petals of Blood">Petals of Blood</a> (1977); <a href="/wiki/Matigari_ma_Njiruungi" title="Matigari ma Njiruungi">Matigari ma Njiruungi</a> (1986); Mũrogi wa Kagogo (<a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_the_Crow" title="Wizard of the Crow">Wizard of the Crow</a>, 2006)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Njeeri</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/M%C5%A9koma_wa_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9" title="Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ">Mũkoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanjiku_wa_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ">Wanjiku</a> and others</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngugiwathiongo.com">Official website</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Gikuyu pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ᵑɡoɣe wá ðiɔŋɔ]</a>;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> born James Ngugi; 5 January 1938)<a href="#cite_note-profile1-2">[2]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Kenya">Kenyan</a> author and academic, who has been described as "East Africa's leading novelist".<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> He began writing in English, switching to write primarily in <a href="/wiki/Gikuyu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gikuyu language">Gikuyu</a>. His work includes novels, plays, short stories, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature. He is the founder and editor of the Gikuyu-language journal Mũtĩiri. His short story The Upright Revolution: Or Why Humans Walk Upright has been translated into 100<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> languages.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In 1977, Ngũgĩ embarked upon a novel form of <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> in Kenya that sought to liberate the theatrical process from what he held to be "the general bourgeois education system", by encouraging spontaneity and audience participation in the performances.<a href="#cite_note-dec-6">[6]</a> His project sought to "demystify" the theatrical process, and to avoid the "process of alienation [that] produces a gallery of active stars and an undifferentiated mass of grateful admirers" which, according to Ngũgĩ, encourages passivity in "ordinary people".<a href="#cite_note-dec-6">[6]</a> Although his landmark play <a href="/wiki/Ngaahika_Ndeenda" title="Ngaahika Ndeenda">Ngaahika Ndeenda</a>, co-written with <a href="/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Mirii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngugi wa Mirii">Ngũgĩ wa Mirii</a>, was a commercial success, it was shut down by the authoritarian Kenyan regime six weeks after its opening.<a href="#cite_note-dec-6">[6]</a> Ngũgĩ was subsequently imprisoned for over a year. Adopted as an <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_conscience" title="Prisoner of conscience">prisoner of conscience</a>, the artist was released from prison, and fled Kenya.<a href="#cite_note-Padmore_Institute-7">[7]</a> He was appointed Distinguished Professor of Comparative Literature and English at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>. He previously taught at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>. Ngũgĩ has frequently been regarded as a likely candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> He won the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Nonino#Winners" title="Nonino">International Nonino Prize</a> in Italy, and the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Park_Kyong-ni_Prize" title="Park Kyong-ni Prize">Park Kyong-ni Prize</a>. Among his children are authors <a href="/wiki/M%C5%A9koma_wa_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9" title="Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ">Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wanjiku_wa_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ">Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_and_education">Early years and education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years and education">edit</a>]</div> Ngũgĩ was born in <a href="/wiki/Kamiriithu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamiriithu">Kamiriithu</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Limuru" title="Limuru">Limuru</a><a href="#cite_note-Republika-13">[13]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kiambu" title="Kiambu">Kiambu district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a> descent, and baptised James Ngugi. His family was caught up in the <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Uprising">Mau Mau Uprising</a>; his half-brother Mwangi was actively involved in the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Land_and_Freedom_Army" title="Kenya Land and Freedom Army">Kenya Land and Freedom Army</a> (in which he was killed), another brother was shot during the State of Emergency, and his mother was tortured at Kamiriithu <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_Home_Guard" title="Kikuyu Home Guard">home guard</a> post.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> He went to the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_High_School_(Kenya)" title="Alliance High School (Kenya)">Alliance High School</a>, and went on to study at <a href="/wiki/Makerere_University" title="Makerere University">Makerere University</a> College in <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>. As a student he attended the <a href="/wiki/African_Writers_Conference" title="African Writers Conference">African Writers Conference</a> held at Makerere in June 1962,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-PM-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and his play <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Hermit" title="The Black Hermit">The Black Hermit</a> premiered as part of the event at The National Theatre.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> At the conference Ngũgĩ asked <a href="/wiki/Chinua_Achebe" title="Chinua Achebe">Chinua Achebe</a> to read the manuscripts of his novels The River Between and Weep Not, Child, which would subsequently be published in Heinemann's <a href="/wiki/African_Writers_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="African Writers Series">African Writers Series</a>, launched in London that year, with Achebe as its first advisory editor.<a href="#cite_note-Currey-22">[22]</a> Ngũgĩ received his B.A. in <a href="/wiki/English_studies" title="English studies">English</a> from Makerere University College, Uganda, in 1963. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_publications_and_studies_in_England">First publications and studies in England</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First publications and studies in England">edit</a>]</div> His debut novel, <a href="/wiki/Weep_Not,_Child" title="Weep Not, Child">Weep Not, Child</a>, was published in May 1964, becoming the first novel in English to be published by a writer from East Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Currey-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Later that year, having won a scholarship to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a> to study for an MA, Ngũgĩ travelled to England, where he was when his second novel, <a href="/wiki/The_River_Between" title="The River Between">The River Between</a>, came out in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-Currey-22">[22]</a> The River Between, which has as its background the Mau Mau Uprising, and describes an unhappy romance between Christians and non-Christians, was previously on Kenya's national secondary school syllabus.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> He left Leeds without completing his thesis on <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_literature" title="Caribbean literature">Caribbean literature</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> for which his studies had focused on <a href="/wiki/George_Lamming" title="George Lamming">George Lamming</a>, about whom Ngũgĩ said in his 1972 collection of essays Homecoming: "He evoked for me, an unforgettable picture of a peasant revolt in a white-dominated world. And suddenly I knew that a novel could be made to speak to me, could, with a compelling urgency, touch cords [sic] deep down in me. His world was not as strange to me as that of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Fielding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Defoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Smollett" title="Tobias Smollett">Smollett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickens">Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Currey-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Change_of_name,_ideology_and_teaching">Change of name, ideology and teaching</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Change of name, ideology and teaching">edit</a>]</div> Ngũgĩ's 1967 novel <a href="/wiki/A_Grain_of_Wheat" title="A Grain of Wheat">A Grain of Wheat</a> marked his embrace of <a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Fanonist</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> He subsequently renounced writing in English, and the name James Ngugi as <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialist</a>;<a href="#cite_note-baraka-29">[29]</a> by 1970 he had changed his name to Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o,<a href="#cite_note-brown-30">[30]</a> and began to write in his native Gikuyu.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1967, Ngũgĩ also began teaching at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> as a professor of English literature. He continued to teach at the university for ten years while serving as a Fellow in Creative Writing at Makerere. During this time, he also guest lectured at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> in the department of English and African Studies for a year.<a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> While a professor at the University of Nairobi, Ngũgĩ was the catalyst of the discussion to abolish the English department. He argued that after the end of colonialism, it was imperative that a university in Africa teach African literature, including oral literature, and that such should be done with the realization of the richness of African languages.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In the late 60s, these efforts resulted in the university dropping English Literature as a course of study, and replacing it with one that positioned African Literature, oral and written, at the centre.<a href="#cite_note-baraka-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imprisonment">Imprisonment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Imprisonment">edit</a>]</div> In 1976, Thiong'o helped to establish The <a href="/wiki/Kamiriithu_Community_Education_and_Cultural_Centre" title="Kamiriithu Community Education and Cultural Centre">Kamiriithu Community Education and Cultural Centre</a> which, among other things, organised African Theatre in the area. The following year saw the publication of <a href="/wiki/Petals_of_Blood" title="Petals of Blood">Petals of Blood</a>. Its strong political message, and that of his play Ngaahika Ndeenda (I Will Marry When I Want), co-written with <a href="/wiki/Ngugi_wa_Mirii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngugi wa Mirii">Ngũgĩ wa Mirii</a> and also published in 1977, provoked the then Kenyan Vice-President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a> to order his arrest. Along with copies of his play, books by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> were confiscated.<a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> He was sent to <a href="/wiki/Kamiti_Maximum_Security_Prison" title="Kamiti Maximum Security Prison">Kamiti Maximum Security Prison</a>, and kept there without a trial for nearly a year.<a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> He was imprisoned in a cell with other political prisoners. During part of their imprisonment, they were allowed one hour of sunlight a day. Ngũgĩ writes "The compound used to be for the mentally deranged convicts before it was put to better use as a cage for 'the politically deranged." He found solace in writing and wrote the first modern novel in Gikuyu, <a href="/wiki/Devil_on_the_Cross" title="Devil on the Cross">Devil on the Cross</a> (Caitaani mũtharaba-Inĩ), on prison-issued <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> After his release in December 1978,<a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> he was not reinstated to his job as professor at <a href="/wiki/Nairobi_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nairobi University">Nairobi University</a>, and his family was harassed. Due to his writing about the injustices of the dictatorial government at the time, Ngũgĩ and his family were forced to live in exile. Only after <a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Arap Moi</a>, the longest-serving Kenyan president, retired in 2002, was it safe for them to return.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-33">[33]</a> During his time in prison, Ngũgĩ decided to cease writing his plays and other works in English and began writing all his creative works in his native tongue, Gikuyu.<a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> His time in prison also inspired the play The Trial of Dedan Kimathi (1976). He wrote this in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Micere_Githae_Mugo" title="Micere Githae Mugo">Micere Githae Mugo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile">Exile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exile">edit</a>]</div> While in exile, Ngũgĩ worked with the London-based Committee for the Release of Political Prisoners in Kenya (1982–98).<a href="#cite_note-Padmore_Institute-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> Matigari ma Njiruungi (translated by <a href="/wiki/Wangui_wa_Goro" title="Wangui wa Goro">Wangui wa Goro</a> into English as Matigari) was published at this time. In 1984, he was Visiting Professor at <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayreuth University">Bayreuth University</a>, and the following year was Writer-in-Residence for the <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Islington" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of Islington">Borough of Islington</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> He also studied film at <a href="/wiki/Dramatiska_Institutet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatiska Institutet">Dramatiska Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm,_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm, Sweden">Stockholm, Sweden</a> (1986).<a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> His later works include Detained, his prison diary (1981), <a href="/wiki/Decolonising_the_Mind" title="Decolonising the Mind">Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature</a> (1986), an essay arguing for African writers' expression in their native languages rather than European languages, in order to renounce lingering colonial ties and to build authentic African literature, and Matigari (translated by Wangui wa Goro), (1987), one of his most famous works, a satire based on a Gikuyu folk tale. Ngũgĩ was Visiting Professor of English and Comparative Literature at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> between 1989 and 1992.<a href="#cite_note-About-21">[21]</a> In 1992, he was a guest at the Congress of South African Writers and spent time in Zwide Township with <a href="/wiki/Mzi_Mahola" title="Mzi Mahola">Mzi Mahola</a>, the year he became a professor of Comparative Literature and Performance Studies at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, where he held the <a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a> Chair. He is currently a Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature as well as having been the first director of the International Center for Writing and Translation<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o_2019_(48139052733).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o_2019_%2848139052733%29.jpg/220px-Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o_2019_%2848139052733%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o_2019_%2848139052733%29.jpg/330px-Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o_2019_%2848139052733%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o_2019_%2848139052733%29.jpg/440px-Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o_2019_%2848139052733%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Ngũgĩ reading at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> On 8 August 2004, Ngũgĩ returned to Kenya as part of a month-long tour of East Africa. On 11 August, robbers broke into his high-security apartment: they assaulted Ngũgĩ, sexually assaulted his wife and stole various items of value.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> When Ngũgĩ returned to America at the end of his month trip, five men were arrested on suspicion of the crime, including a nephew of Ngũgĩ.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-33">[33]</a> In the northern hemisphere summer of 2006 the American publishing firm <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> published his first new novel in nearly two decades, <a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_the_Crow" title="Wizard of the Crow">Wizard of the Crow</a>, translated to English from Gikuyu by the author. On 10 November 2006, while in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> at Hotel Vitale at the <a href="/wiki/The_Embarcadero_(San_Francisco)" title="The Embarcadero (San Francisco)">Embarcadero</a>, Ngũgĩ was harassed and ordered to leave the hotel by an employee. The event led to a public outcry and angered both African-Americans and members of the African diaspora living in America,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> which led to an apology by the hotel.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> His later books include Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing (2012), and Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance, a collection of essays published in 2009 making the argument for the crucial role of African languages in "the resurrection of African memory", about which <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a> said: "Ngugi's language is fresh; the questions he raises are profound, the argument he makes is clear: 'To starve or kill a language is to starve and kill a people's memory bank.'"<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> This was followed by two well-received autobiographical works: Dreams in a Time of War: a Childhood Memoir (2010)<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and In the House of the Interpreter: A Memoir (2012), which was described as "brilliant and essential" by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> among other positive reviews.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> His book <a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Nine:_The_Epic_of_G%C4%A9k%C5%A9y%C5%A9_and_M%C5%A9mbi" title="The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi">The Perfect Nine</a>, originally written and published in Gikuyu as Kenda Muiyuru: Rugano Rwa Gikuyu na Mumbi (2019), was translated into English by Ngũgĩ for its 2020 publication, and is a reimagining in epic poetry of his people's <a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">origin story</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> It was described by the Los Angeles Times as "a quest novel-in-verse that explores folklore, myth and allegory through a decidedly feminist and pan-African lens."<a href="#cite_note-Anderson_Tepper_LATimes-51">[51]</a> The review in <a href="/wiki/World_Literature_Today" title="World Literature Today">World Literature Today</a> said: <blockquote>"Ngũgĩ crafts a beautiful retelling of the Gĩkũyũ myth that emphasizes the noble pursuit of beauty, the necessity of personal courage, the importance of filial piety, and a sense of the Giver Supreme—a being who represents divinity, and unity, across world religions. All these things coalesce into dynamic verse to make The Perfect Nine a story of miracles and perseverance; a chronicle of modernity and myth; a meditation on beginnings and endings; and a palimpsest of ancient and contemporary memory, as Ngũgĩ overlays the Perfect Nine's feminine power onto the origin myth of the Gĩkũyũ people of Kenya in a moving rendition of the epic form."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Sampson" title="Fiona Sampson">Fiona Sampson</a> writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> concluded that it is "a beautiful work of integration that not only refuses distinctions between 'high art' and traditional storytelling, but supplies that all-too rare human necessity: the sense that life has meaning."<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In March 2021, The Perfect Nine became the first work written in an indigenous African language to be longlisted for the <a href="/wiki/International_Booker_Prize" title="International Booker Prize">International Booker Prize</a>, with Ngũgĩ becoming the first nominee as both the author and translator of the book.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> When asked in 2023 whether Kenyan English or Nigerian English were now local languages, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o responded: "It's like the enslaved being happy that theirs is a local version of enslavement. English is not an African language. French is not. Spanish is not. Kenyan or Nigerian English is nonsense. That's an example of normalised abnormality. The colonised trying to claim the coloniser's language is a sign of the success of enslavement."<a href="#cite_note-baraka-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a>]</div> Four of his children are also published authors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tee_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tee Ngũgĩ (page does not exist)">Tee Ngũgĩ</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C5%A9koma_wa_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9" title="Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ">Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nducu_wa_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nducu wa Ngũgĩ (page does not exist)">Nducu wa Ngũgĩ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wanjiku_wa_Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ">Wanjiku wa Ngũgĩ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anderson_Tepper_LATimes-51">[51]</a> In March 2024, Mũkoma posted on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> that his father had physically abused his mother, now deceased.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and honours">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1963: The East Africa Novel Prize</li> <li>1964: Unesco First Prize for his debut novel Weep Not Child, at the first <a href="/wiki/World_Festival_of_Black_Arts" title="World Festival of Black Arts">World Festival of Black Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, Senegal</li> <li>1973: The Lotus Prize <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Prize_for_Literature" title="Lotus Prize for Literature">for Literature, at Alma Atta</a>, Khazakhistan</li> <li>1992 (6 April): The Paul Robeson award for Artistic Excellence, Political Conscience and Integrity, in Philadelphia, U.S.</li> <li>1992 (October): honoured by <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> by being appointed to the Erich Maria Remarque Professorship in Languages to "acknowledge extraordinary scholarly achievement, strong leadership in the University Community and the Profession and significant contribution to our educational mission."</li> <li>1993: The Zora Neale Hurston-Paul Robeson Award, for artistic and scholarly achievement, awarded by the National Council for Black Studies, in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, Ghana</li> <li>1994 (October): The Gwendolyn Brooks Center Contributors Award for significant contribution to The Black Literary Arts</li> <li>1996: The Fonlon-Nichols Prize, New York, for Artistic Excellence and Human Rights</li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Nonino#International_Nonino_Prize" title="Nonino">Nonino International Prize for Literature</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Bayreuth-60">[60]</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_International_Book_Fair" title="Zimbabwe International Book Fair">Zimbabwe International Book Fair</a>, "The Best Twelve African Books of the Twentieth Century."</li> <li>2002 (July): Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature, UCI.</li> <li>2002 (October): Medal of the Presidency of the Italian Cabinet Awarded by the International Scientific Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Pio_Manz%C3%B9" title="Pio Manzù">Pio Manzù</a> Centre, Rimini, Italy.</li> <li>2003 (May): Honorary Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.</li> <li>2003 (December): Honorary Life Membership of the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Development_of_Social_Science_Research_in_Africa" title="Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa">Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa</a> (CODESRIA),</li> <li>2004 (23–28 February): Visiting Fellow, Humanities Research Centre.</li> <li>2006: Wizard of the Crow is No. 3 on <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine's Top 10 Books of the Year (European edition)<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>2006: Wizard of the Crow is one of <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>'s Best Books of the Year<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>2006: Wizard of the Crow is one of <a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon.com</a>'s picks for Best Fiction of the year<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>2006: Wizard of the Crow is the winner of the Winter 2007 Read This! for Lit-Blog Co-Op; The Literary Saloon</li> <li>2006: Wizard of the Crow highlighted in the Washington Post's Favorite Books of the year.</li> <li>2007: Wizard of the Crow - longlisted for the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Foreign_Fiction_Prize" title="Independent Foreign Fiction Prize">Independent Foreign Fiction Prize</a>.</li> <li>2007: Wizard of the Crow - finalist on the <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Literary_Work_%E2%80%93_Fiction" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Fiction">NAACP Image Award for Fiction</a></li> <li>2007: Wizard of the Crow - shortlisted for the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Writers%27_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Writers' Prize">Commonwealth Writers' Prize</a> Best Book – Africa.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li>2007: Wizard of the Crow - Gold medal winner in Fiction for the 2007 California Book Awards<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li>2007: Wizard of the Crow - 2007 Aspen Prize for Literature</li> <li>2007: Wizard of the Crow – finalist for the <a href="/wiki/Hurston/Wright_Legacy_Award#2007_Winners_and_Finalists" title="Hurston/Wright Legacy Award">2007 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award for Black Literature</a></li> <li>2008: Wizard of the Crow nominated for the 2008 <a href="/wiki/International_Dublin_Literary_Award" title="International Dublin Literary Award">IMPAC Dublin Award</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>2008 (2 April): Order of the Elder of Burning Spear (Kenya Medal – conferred by Kenya's Ambassador to the United States in Los Angeles).</li> <li>2008: (October, 24) Grinzane for Africa Award</li> <li>2008: Dan and Maggie Inouye Distinguished Chair in Democratic Ideals, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>2009: Shortlisted for the <a href="/wiki/Man_Booker_International_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Man Booker International Prize">Man Booker International Prize</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>2011: (17 February) Africa Channel Literary Achievement Award.</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle_Award" title="National Book Critics Circle Award">National Book Critics Circle Award</a> (finalist Autobiography) for In the House of the Interpreter<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>2012 (31 March): W.E.B. Du Bois Award, National Black Writer's Conference, New York.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>2013 (October): UCI Medal</li> <li>2014: Elected to <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicol%C3%A1s_Guill%C3%A9n_Lifetime_Achievement_Award_for_Philosophical_Literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolás Guillén Lifetime Achievement Award for Philosophical Literature (page does not exist)">Nicolás Guillén Lifetime Achievement Award for Philosophical Literature</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>2014 (16 November): Honoured at Archipelago Books' 10th anniversary gala in New York.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Park_Kyong-ni_Prize" title="Park Kyong-ni Prize">Park Kyong-ni Prize</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>2016 (14 December): Sanaa Theatre Awards/Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of excellence in Kenyan Theatre, Kenya National Theatre.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Review_of_Books" title="Los Angeles Review of Books">Los Angeles Review of Books</a>/UCR Creative Writing Lifetime Achievement Award<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>2018: Grand Prix des mécènes of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Literary_Associations" title="Grand Prix of Literary Associations">GPLA</a> 2018, for his entire body of work.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>2019: Premi Internacional de Catalunya Award for his Courageous work and Advocacy for African languages</li> <li>2021: Shortlisted for the <a href="/wiki/International_Booker_Prize" title="International Booker Prize">International Booker Prize</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Nine:_The_Epic_of_G%C4%A9k%C5%A9y%C5%A9_and_M%C5%A9mbi" title="The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi">The Perfect Nine</a></li> <li>2021: Elected a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a> International Writer<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/PEN/Nabokov_Award" title="PEN/Nabokov Award">PEN/Nabokov Award for Achievement in International Literature</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albright_College" title="Albright College">Albright College</a>, Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa, 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a>, Honorary doctorate of Letters (LittD), 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu_University" title="Walter Sisulu University">Walter Sisulu University (formerly U. Transkei), South Africa</a>, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Literature and Philosophy, July 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University, Dominguez Hills</a>, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, May 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillard_University,_New_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Dillard University, New Orleans">Dillard University, New Orleans</a>, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, May 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>, Honorary doctorate of Letters (LittD), 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, Honorary Degree, Doctor of Letters, 15 May 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dar_es_Salaam" title="University of Dar es Salaam">University of Dar es Salaam</a>, Honorary doctorate in Literature, 2013<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bayreuth" title="University of Bayreuth">University of Bayreuth</a>, Honorary doctorate (Dr. phil. h.c.), 2014<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Bayreuth-60">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCA_University" title="KCA University">KCA University, Kenya</a>, Honorary Doctorate degree of Human Letters (honoris causa) in Education, 27 November 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, Honorary doctorate (D.Litt. h.c.), 2017<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, Honorary doctorate (D.Litt.), 2019<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>Honorary PhD, Roskilde, Denmark</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Publications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Novels">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weep_Not,_Child" title="Weep Not, Child">Weep Not, Child</a> (1964), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143026242" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143026242">978-0143026242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_Between" title="The River Between">The River Between</a> (1965), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-90548-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-90548-1">0-435-90548-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Grain_of_Wheat" title="A Grain of Wheat">A Grain of Wheat</a> (1967, 1992), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-118699-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-118699-2">0-14-118699-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petals_of_Blood" title="Petals of Blood">Petals of Blood</a> (1977), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-118702-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-118702-6">0-14-118702-6</a></li> <li>Caitaani Mutharaba-Ini (<a href="/wiki/Devil_on_the_Cross" title="Devil on the Cross">Devil on the Cross</a>, 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigari_ma_Njiruungi" title="Matigari ma Njiruungi">Matigari ma Njiruungi</a>, 1986 (Matigari, translated into English by <a href="/wiki/Wangui_wa_Goro" title="Wangui wa Goro">Wangui wa Goro</a>, 1989), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-90546-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-90546-5">0-435-90546-5</a></li> <li>Mũrogi wa Kagogo (<a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_the_Crow" title="Wizard of the Crow">Wizard of the Crow</a>, 2006), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9966-25-162-6" title="Special:BookSources/9966-25-162-6">9966-25-162-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Nine:_The_Epic_of_G%C4%A9k%C5%A9y%C5%A9_and_M%C5%A9mbi" title="The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi">The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi</a> (2020)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short-story_collections">Short-story collections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Short-story collections">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Meeting_In_The_Dark" title="A Meeting In The Dark">A Meeting in the Dark</a> (1974)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Works-85">[85]</a></li> <li>Secret Lives, and Other Stories (1976, 1992), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-90975-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-90975-4">0-435-90975-4</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>Minutes of Glory and Other Stories (2019)<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Plays">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Hermit" title="The Black Hermit">The Black Hermit</a> (1963)</li> <li>This Time Tomorrow (three plays, including the title play, "The Rebels", "The Wound in the Heart" and "This Time Tomorrow") (1970)<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8YI7yAEACAAJ">Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture and Politics</a>. Lawrence Hill and Company. 1972. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-18580-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-435-18580-0"><bdi>978-0-435-18580-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homecoming%3A+Essays+on+African+and+Caribbean+Literature%2C+Culture+and+Politics&rft.pub=Lawrence+Hill+and+Company&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-435-18580-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8YI7yAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"></li> <li>The Trial of Dedan Kimathi (1976), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-90191-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-90191-5">0-435-90191-5</a>, African Publishing Group, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949932-45-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-949932-45-0">0-949932-45-0</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Micere_Githae_Mugo" title="Micere Githae Mugo">Micere Githae Mugo</a> and Njaka)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Works-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaahika_Ndeenda" title="Ngaahika Ndeenda">Ngaahika Ndeenda</a>: Ithaako ria ngerekano (I Will Marry When I Want) (1977, 1982) (with <a href="/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Mirii" title="Ngũgĩ wa Mirii">Ngũgĩ wa Mirii</a>)</li> <li>Mother, Sing For Me (1986)<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memoirs">Memoirs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Memoirs">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary (1981)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Dreams in a Time of War: a Childhood Memoir (2010), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84655-377-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84655-377-6">978-1-84655-377-6</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>In the House of the Interpreter: A Memoir (2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30790-769-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30790-769-1">978-0-30790-769-1</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Birth of a Dream Weaver: A Memoir of a Writer's Awakening (2016), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62097-240-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62097-240-3">978-1-62097-240-3</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Wrestling with the devil: A Prison Memoir (2018) <a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_non-fiction">Other non-fiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other non-fiction">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Education for a National Culture (1981)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Works-85">[85]</a></li> <li>Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo-Colonial Kenya (1983)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Works-85">[85]</a></li> <li>Writing against Neo-Colonialism (1986)<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Works-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonising_the_Mind" title="Decolonising the Mind">Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature</a> (1986), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0852555019" title="Special:BookSources/978-0852555019">978-0852555019</a></li> <li>Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedoms (1993), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0852555309" title="Special:BookSources/978-0852555309">978-0852555309</a></li> <li>Penpoints, Gunpoints and Dreams: The Performance of Literature and Power in Post-Colonial Africa (The Clarendon Lectures in English Literature 1996), Oxford University Press, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-818390-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-818390-9">0-19-818390-9</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance (2009), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00946-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00946-6">978-0-465-00946-6</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li>Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing (2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231159517" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231159517">978-0231159517</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/ngug15950">Globalectics: Theory and the Politics of Knowing on JSTOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_the_Base" title="Secure the Base">Secure the Base: Making Africa Visible in the Globe</a> (2016), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857423139" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857423139">978-0857423139</a></li> <li>The Language of Languages (2023), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80309-071-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80309-071-9">978-1-80309-071-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_books">Children's books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Children's books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Njamba Nene and the Flying Bus (translated by Wangui wa Goro) (Njamba Nene na Mbaathi i Mathagu, 1986)<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>Njamba Nene and the Cruel Chief (translated by Wangui wa Goro) (Njamba Nene na Chibu King'ang'i, 1988)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Njamba Nene's Pistol (Bathitoora ya Njamba Nene, 1990), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86543-081-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86543-081-0">0-86543-081-0</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The Upright Revolution, Or Why Humans Walk Upright, Seagull Press, 2019, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857426475" title="Special:BookSources/9780857426475">9780857426475</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_literature" title="Kenyan literature">Kenyan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century_in_literature" title="21st century in literature">21st century in literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_literature" title="World literature">World literature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/FOXqc-8zCPE">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191126112819/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOXqc-8zCPE&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOXqc-8zCPE">"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: 'Europe and the West must also be decolonised'"</a>. YouTube. 10 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o%3A+%27Europe+and+the+West+must+also+be+decolonised%27&rft.date=2019-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFOXqc-8zCPE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-profile1-2"><a href="#cite_ref-profile1_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329040824/http://www.ngugiwathiongo.com/bio/bio-home.htm">"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: A Profile of a Literary and Social Activist"</a>. ngugiwathiongo.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngugiwathiongo.com/bio/bio-home.htm">the original</a> on 29 March 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o%3A+A+Profile+of+a+Literary+and+Social+Activist&rft.pub=ngugiwathiongo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngugiwathiongo.com%2Fbio%2Fbio-home.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheubWynne_Gunner2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Scheub, Harold; Wynne Gunner, Elizabeth Ann (2 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/African-literature">"African literature; search for Ngugi wa Thiong'o"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=African+literature%3B+search+for+Ngugi+wa+Thiong%27o&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft.aulast=Scheub&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.au=Wynne+Gunner%2C+Elizabeth+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2FAfrican-literature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilolo2020" class="citation book cs1">Kilolo, Moses (2 June 2020). "The single most translated short story in the history of African writing: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o and the Jalada writers' collective". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315149660-21/single-translated-short-story-history-african-writing-moses-kilolo">The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Activism</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315149660-21">10.4324/9781315149660-21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-14966-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-14966-0"><bdi>978-1-315-14966-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219925787">219925787</a>. 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Retrieved 27 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shelf+Awareness&rft.atitle=Awards%3A+LARB%2FUCR+Lifetime+Achievement&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shelf-awareness.com%2Fissue.html%3Fissue%3D2937%23m35483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, lauréat du Grand Prix des Mécènes / Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o awarded Grand Prix des mécènes: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actualitte.com/article/culture-arts-lettres/ngugi-wa-thiong-o-laureat-du-grand-prix-des-mecenes/94390">actualitte.com</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsliterature.org/inaugural-rsl-international-writers-announced/">"Inaugural RSL International Writers Announced"</a>. Royal Society of Literature. 30 November 2021. 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November 2013. 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Yale News. 18 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+News&rft.atitle=Yale+awards+honorary+degrees+to+eight+individuals+for+their+achievements&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yale.edu%2F2017%2F05%2F18%2Fyale-awards-honorary-degrees-eight-individuals-their-achievements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-administration/graduations/honorary/future-honorary-grads">"Honorary Graduates in 2019"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 9 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Honorary+Graduates+in+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Fstudent-administration%2Fgraduations%2Fhonorary%2Ffuture-honorary-grads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-List_of_Works-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Works_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Works_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Works_85-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Works_85-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Works_85-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ngugiwathiongo.com/books/">"List of Works"</a>. Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Retrieved 27 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ngugi+wa+Thiong%27o&rft.atitle=List+of+Works&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fngugiwathiongo.com%2Fbooks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgugi_wa_Thiong'o1992" class="citation book cs1">Ngugi wa Thiong'o (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7uHwAQAACAAJ">Secret Lives and Other Stories</a>. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-90975-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-435-90975-8"><bdi>978-0-435-90975-8</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Lives+and+Other+Stories&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-435-90975-8&rft.au=Ngugi+wa+Thiong%27o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7uHwAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBokemper2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bokemper, Daniel (Summer 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2019/summer/minutes-glory-and-other-stories-ngugi-wa-thiongo">"Minutes of Glory and Other Stories by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Literature_Today" title="World Literature Today">World Literature Today</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwlt.2019.0028">10.1353/wlt.2019.0028</a>. Retrieved 4 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Literature+Today&rft.atitle=Minutes+of+Glory+and+Other+Stories+by+Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o&rft.ssn=summer&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fwlt.2019.0028&rft.aulast=Bokemper&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldliteraturetoday.org%2F2019%2Fsummer%2Fminutes-glory-and-other-stories-ngugi-wa-thiongo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a_knrgEACAAJ&q=The+Rebels">This Time Tomorrow</a>. East African Literature Bureau. 1970. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Time+Tomorrow&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=East+African+Literature+Bureau&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da_knrgEACAAJ%26q%3DThe%2BRebels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer-Dinkgrafe2003" class="citation book cs1">Meyer-Dinkgrafe, Daniel (20 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dJSFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA320">Who's Who in Contemporary World Theatre</a>. Routledge. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-76786-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-76786-1"><bdi>978-1-134-76786-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Contemporary+World+Theatre&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-05-20&rft.isbn=978-1-134-76786-1&rft.aulast=Meyer-Dinkgrafe&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdJSFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgũgĩ_wa_Thiongʼo2018" class="citation book cs1">Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʼo (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/990850151">Wrestling with the devil : a prison memoir</a>. New York, NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62097-333-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62097-333-2"><bdi>978-1-62097-333-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/990850151">990850151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wrestling+with+the+devil+%3A+a+prison+memoir&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F990850151&rft.isbn=978-1-62097-333-2&rft.au=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%CA%BCo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F990850151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/3012">"Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams: Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa"</a>. Oxford Academic. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198183907.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198183907.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-818390-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-818390-7"><bdi>978-0-19-818390-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Academic&rft.atitle=Penpoints%2C+Gunpoints%2C+and+Dreams%3A+Towards+a+Critical+Theory+of+the+Arts+and+the+State+in+Africa&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780198183907.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-818390-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbook%2F3012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Mwangi, Evan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nation.co.ke/magazines/lifestyle/-/1214/610382/-/8dwaahz/-/index.html">"Queries over Ngugi's appeal to save African languages, culture"</a>, Daily Nation, Lifestyle Magazine, 13 June 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThiong'o1986" class="citation book cs1">Thiong'o, Ngugi wa (15 May 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZR9SDTjk14C">Njamba Nene and the Flying Bus</a>. East African Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9966-46-306-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9966-46-306-7"><bdi>978-9966-46-306-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Njamba+Nene+and+the+Flying+Bus&rft.pub=East+African+Publishers&rft.date=1986-05-15&rft.isbn=978-9966-46-306-7&rft.aulast=Thiong%27o&rft.aufirst=Ngugi+wa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNZR9SDTjk14C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANg%C5%A9g%C4%A9+wa+Thiong%27o" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Toh, Zorobi Philippe. "Linguistic Mystifications in Discourse: Case of Proverbs in Ngugi wa Thiong'o's Matigari". Imaginaire et représentations socioculturelles dans les proverbes africains, edited by Lèfara Silué and Paul Samsia, Paris: L'Harmattan, 2020, pp. 63–71.</li> <li>Wise, Christopher. 1997. "Resurrecting the Devil: Notes on Ngũgĩ's Theory of the Oral-Aural African Novel." Research in African Literatures 28.1:134–140.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" class="extiw" title="q:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302910" class="extiw" title="d:Q302910">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ngugiwathiongo.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302910#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li>Leonard Lopate, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnyc.org/story/52645-writing-in-exile/">"Writing in Exile"</a>, 12 September 2006. Interview with Ngũgĩ wa Thiongo on <a href="/wiki/The_Leonard_Lopate_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Leonard Lopate Show">The Leonard Lopate Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a>, New York public radio, following publication of Wizard of the Crow.</li> <li>Petri Liukkonen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authorscalendar.info/ngugiw.htm">"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"</a>. Books and Writers.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050308190801/http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/landow/post/poldiscourse/ngugiov.html">Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – An Overview</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204204922/http://bdagger.colorado.edu/~bhongale/ngugi.html">Ngugi wa Thiong'o biography and booklist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lucas.leeds.ac.uk/article/the-language-of-scholarship-in-africa/">The Language of Scholarship in Africa</a>, 2012 lecture by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, published in Leeds African Studies Bulletin 74 (December 2012), pp. 42–47.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Currey" title="James Currey">James Currey</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lucas.leeds.ac.uk/article/publishing-ngugi-james-currey/">"Publishing Ngũgĩ"</a>, Leeds African Studies Bulletin 68 (May 2006), pp. 26–54.</li> <li>Carey Baraka, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/jun/13/ngugi-wa-thiongo-kenyan-novelist-profile-giant-of-africa-literature">"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: three days with a giant of African literature"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 13 June 2023.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Works_by_Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong&#039;o78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Template:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Template talk:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong&#039;o78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weep_Not,_Child" title="Weep Not, Child">Weep Not, Child</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_Between" title="The River Between">The River Between</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Grain_of_Wheat" title="A Grain of Wheat">A Grain of Wheat</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Meeting_in_the_Dark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Meeting in the Dark (page does not exist)">A Meeting in the Dark</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Dedan_Kimathi" title="The Trial of Dedan Kimathi">The Trial of Dedan Kimathi</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petals_of_Blood" title="Petals of Blood">Petals of Blood</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_on_the_Cross" title="Devil on the Cross">Devil on the Cross</a> (1980, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mother,_Sing_For_Me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mother, Sing For Me (page does not exist)">Mother, Sing For Me</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matigari_ma_Njiruungi" title="Matigari ma Njiruungi">Matigari ma Njiruungi</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_the_Crow" title="Wizard of the Crow">Wizard of the Crow</a> (2004, 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Perfect_Nine:_The_Epic_of_G%C4%A9k%C5%A9y%C5%A9_and_M%C5%A9mbi" title="The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi">The Perfect Nine: The Epic of Gĩkũyũ and Mũmbi</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njamba_Nene_and_the_Flying_Bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njamba Nene and the Flying Bus (page does not exist)">Njamba Nene and the Flying Bus</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njamba_Nene_and_the_Cruel_Chief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njamba Nene and the Cruel Chief (page does not exist)">Njamba Nene and the Cruel Chief</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njamba_Nene%27s_Pistol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njamba Nene's Pistol (page does not exist)">Njamba Nene's Pistol</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Hermit" title="The Black Hermit">The Black Hermit</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=This_Time_Tomorrow_(play)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="This Time Tomorrow (play) (page does not exist)">This Time Tomorrow</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaahika_Ndeenda" title="Ngaahika Ndeenda">Ngaahika Ndeenda</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secret_Lives,_and_Other_Stories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secret Lives, and Other Stories (page does not exist)">Secret Lives, and Other Stories</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minutes_of_Glory:_And_Other_Stories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minutes of Glory: And Other Stories (page does not exist)">Minutes of Glory: And Other Stories</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homecoming:_Essays_on_African_and_Caribbean_Literature,_Culture,_and_Politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics (page does not exist)">Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture, and Politics</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Writers_in_Politics:_Essays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Writers in Politics: Essays (page does not exist)">Writers in Politics: Essays</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_for_a_National_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education for a National Culture (page does not exist)">Education for a National Culture</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barrel_of_a_Pen:_Resistance_to_Repression_in_Neo-Colonial_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo-Colonial Kenya (page does not exist)">Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo-Colonial Kenya</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonising_the_Mind" title="Decolonising the Mind">Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Writing_against_Neo-Colonialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Writing against Neo-Colonialism (page does not exist)">Writing against Neo-Colonialism</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moving_the_Centre:_The_Struggle_for_Cultural_Freedom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedom (page does not exist)">Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedom</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penpoints,_Gunpoints_and_Dreams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penpoints, Gunpoints and Dreams (page does not exist)">Penpoints, Gunpoints and Dreams: The Performance of Literature and Power in Post-Colonial Africa</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3251" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3251" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302910#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118587587">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50009069">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119300354">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119300354">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00451264">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV047708">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36303731">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000604180&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1047914">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/104748">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068781733">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90077364">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000089818&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199627348">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jlmzkq4pkk2xg">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810677073205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.idref.fr/02720832X">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong%27o&oldid=1271869138">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong%27o&oldid=1271869138</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1938_births" title="Category:1938 births">1938 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a 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