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নিরক্ষীয় রকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থুম্বা নিরক্ষীয় রকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station" title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station" title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مرکز استوایی راه‌اندازی راکت تومبا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرکز استوایی راه‌اندازی راکت تومبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%BC%EB%B0%94_%EC%A0%81%EB%8F%84_%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93_%EB%B0%9C%EC%82%AC%EC%9E%A5" title="툼바 적도 로켓 발사장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="툼바 적도 로켓 발사장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="थुम्बा इक्वेटोरियल रॉकेट लॉन्चिंग स्टेशन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थुम्बा इक्वेटोरियल रॉकेट लॉन्चिंग स्टेशन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station" title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumba_egyenl%C3%ADt%C5%91i_rak%C3%A9taind%C3%ADt%C3%B3_%C3%A1llom%C3%A1s" title="Thumba egyenlítői rakétaindító állomás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thumba egyenlítői rakétaindító állomás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="തുമ്പ ഇക്വറ്റോറിയൽ റോക്കറ്റ് ലോഞ്ചിംഗ് സ്റ്റേഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുമ്പ ഇക്വറ്റോറിയൽ റോക്കറ്റ് ലോഞ്ചിംഗ് സ്റ്റേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E6%89%93%E3%81%A1%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%92%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="トゥンバ赤道ロケット打ち上げ基地 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トゥンバ赤道ロケット打ち上げ基地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Lan%C3%A7amento_de_Foguetes_Equatorial_de_Tumba" title="Estação de Lançamento de Foguetes Equatorial de Tumba – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estação de Lançamento de Foguetes Equatorial de Tumba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Тхумба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тхумба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumban_rakettikeskus" title="Thumban rakettikeskus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thumban rakettikeskus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தும்பா நிலநடுக்கோட்டு ஏவூர்தி ஏவுதளம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தும்பா நிலநடுக்கோட்டு ஏவூர்தி ஏவுதளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="తుంబా భూమధ్యరేఖీయ రాకెట్ ప్రయోగ కేంద్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తుంబా భూమధ్యరేఖీయ రాకెట్ ప్రయోగ కేంద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%AB%99" title="顿巴赤道火箭发射站 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="顿巴赤道火箭发射站" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&params=8_32_34_N_76_51_32_E_region:IN_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°32′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°51′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.54278°N 76.85889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.54278; 76.85889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian spaceport</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohini_rocket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/Rohini_rocket.jpg/220px-Rohini_rocket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ca/Rohini_rocket.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="402" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Launch of RH-300 Mk2 from TERLS</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 240px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="240" data-zoom="14" data-overlays="["_9d0726f501521f565167bcaa883c6e67150e8a34"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,290x240.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&revid=1229091521&groups=_9d0726f501521f565167bcaa883c6e67150e8a34" width="290" height="240" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,290x240@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&revid=1229091521&groups=_9d0726f501521f565167bcaa883c6e67150e8a34 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="width:67%;"><a href="/wiki/Thumba" title="Thumba">Thumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:67%;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&params=8_32_34_N_76_51_32_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°32′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°51′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.54278°N 76.85889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.54278; 76.85889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:67%;"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Short name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="width:67%;">TERLS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:67%;">21 November 1963<span class="noprint">; 61 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1963-11-21</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:67%;"><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">ISRO</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station</b> (<b>TERLS</b>) is an Indian rocket launching site established on 21 November 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operated by the <a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> (ISRO), it is located in <a href="/wiki/Thumba" title="Thumba">Thumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>, which is near the southwestern tip of mainland India, very close to Earth's <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_dip" title="Magnetic dip">magnetic equator</a>. It is currently used by ISRO for launching <a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">sounding rockets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first rockets were assembled in the former St Louis High School, which now houses a space museum.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local Bishop of Trivandrum, Rev. Peter Bernard Periera, along with Vincent Victor Dereere (a <a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgian</a>) and district collector Madhavan Nair were instrumental in acquiring a large parcel of land measuring 600 acres from coastal community.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Periera had given away the prayer hall and bishop's room in the local church. Minister of State for External Affairs, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_N._Menon" title="Lakshmi N. Menon">Lakshmi N. Menon</a> helped to smooth bureaucratic hurdles facing the project in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/H._G._S._Murthy" title="H. G. S. Murthy">H. G. S. Murthy</a> was appointed as the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rockets launched from the site include <a href="/wiki/Rohini_(rocket_family)" title="Rohini (rocket family)">RH-300</a>, <a href="/wiki/M-100_(rocket)" title="M-100 (rocket)">M-100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nike-Apache" title="Nike-Apache">Nike Apache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcas_(rocket)" title="Arcas (rocket)">Arcas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boosted_Arcas" title="Boosted Arcas">Boosted Arcas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skua_(rocket)" title="Skua (rocket)">Skua</a> 1, <a href="/wiki/Centaure_(rocket)" title="Centaure (rocket)">Centaure</a>, Centaure 2A, Centaure 2B, <a href="/wiki/Nike_(rocket_stage)" title="Nike (rocket stage)">Nike Tomahawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(rocket)" title="Dragon (rocket)">Dragon</a> 1, <a href="/wiki/Judi-Dart" title="Judi-Dart">Judi-Dart</a>, Boosted Arcas 2, <a href="/wiki/Petrel_(rocket)" title="Petrel (rocket)">Petrel</a> 1, RH-75, Skua 2, <a href="/wiki/Sandhawk" title="Sandhawk">Sandhawk</a> Tomahawk, Menaka II, RH-125, M-100B, M-100A, RH-200 and RH-300 Mk II.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map all coordinates using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div><p> The site has five launchpads: </p><ul><li><b>Pad 1</b> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&params=8.5334405118782_N_76.867288971384_E_&title=Pad+1"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°32′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°52′02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.533440511878172°N 76.86728897138364°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.533440511878172; 76.86728897138364</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pad 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>, sounding rockets<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Pad 2</b> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&params=8.5326892960875_N_76.867941756572_E_&title=Pad+2"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°31′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°52′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.53268929608746°N 76.86794175657239°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.53268929608746; 76.86794175657239</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pad 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>, sounding rockets<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Pad 3</b> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&params=8.530164446832_N_76.869797072332_E_&title=Pad+3"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°31′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°52′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.530164446832044°N 76.86979707233245°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.530164446832044; 76.86979707233245</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pad 3</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>, sounding rockets<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Pad 4</b> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&params=8.529557306066_N_76.870817595129_E_&title=Pad+4"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°31′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°52′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.529557306065989°N 76.87081759512913°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.529557306065989; 76.87081759512913</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pad 4</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>, sounding rockets<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Pad 5</b> at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&params=8.5314196153021_N_76.869020305739_E_&title=Pad+5"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°31′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°52′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.531419615302084°N 76.86902030573928°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.531419615302084; 76.86902030573928</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pad 5</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>, RH-300 launch complex, active after 1993<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thumba" title="Thumba">Thumba</a>'s<sup id="cite_ref-ley196406_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ley196406-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> location at 8°32'34" N and 76°51'32" E is ideal for low-altitude, upper atmosphere and ionosphere studies. Thumba is a small fishing village situated close to the <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> airport in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rediff_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rediff-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211145536/https://www.isro.gov.in/launchers/sounding-rockets">"Sounding Rockets - ISRO"</a>. <i>www.isro.gov.in</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rediff.com&rft.atitle=Forty+years+in+Space&rft.date=2003-11-20&rft.aulast=Iype&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2Fnov%2F20spec.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThumba+Equatorial+Rocket+Launching+Station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRam2015" class="citation news cs1">Ram, Arun (19 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rocket-science-of-south/articleshow/46294497.cms">"Rocket science of south"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112221531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rocket-science-of-south/articleshow/46294497.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Rocket+science+of+south&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.aulast=Ram&rft.aufirst=Arun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Frocket-science-of-south%2Farticleshow%2F46294497.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThumba+Equatorial+Rocket+Launching+Station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style 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href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai_Space_Centre" title="Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre">Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_and_Educational_Communication_Unit" title="Development and Educational Communication Unit">Development and Educational Communication Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_R_Rao_Satellite_Centre" title="U R Rao Satellite Centre">U R Rao Satellite Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Propulsion_Systems_Centre" title="Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre">Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Propulsion_Complex" title="ISRO Propulsion Complex">ISRO Propulsion Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Applications_Centre" title="Space Applications Centre">Space Applications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Inertial_Systems_Unit" title="ISRO Inertial Systems Unit">ISRO Inertial Systems Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_Space_Applications_Centre" title="North-Eastern Space Applications Centre">North-Eastern Space Applications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Electro-Optics_Systems" title="Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems">Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Space_Flight_Centre" title="Human Space Flight Centre">Human Space Flight Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tracking and<br />control facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Deep_Space_Network" title="Indian Deep Space Network">Indian Deep Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Telemetry,_Tracking_and_Command_Network" title="ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network">ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Science_Data_Centre" title="Indian Space Science Data Centre">Indian Space Science Data Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Control_Facility_(ISRO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Control Facility (ISRO)">Master Control Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Remote_Sensing_Centre" title="National Remote Sensing Centre">National Remote Sensing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_(research_station)" title="Bharati (research station)">Antarctica Ground Station for Earth Observation Satellites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulasekarapattinam_Spaceport" title="Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport">Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Atmospheric_Research_Laboratory" title="National Atmospheric Research Laboratory">National Atmospheric Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Astrophysics" title="Indian Institute of Astrophysics">Indian Institute of Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_Research_Laboratory" title="Physical Research Laboratory">Physical Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-University_Centre_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics" title="Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics">Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Space_Science_and_Technology" title="Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology">Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">Tata Institute of Fundamental Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Resources_Management_System" title="National Natural Resources Management System">National Natural Resources Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raman_Research_Institute" title="Raman Research Institute">Raman Research Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spaceports38" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spaceport" title="Template:Spaceport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spaceport" title="Template talk:Spaceport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spaceports38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chinese<span class="nowrap"> </span>government: <a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">CNSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang_Space_Launch_Site" title="Wenchang Space Launch Site">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichang_Satellite_Launch_Center" title="Xichang Satellite Launch Center">Xichang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese private launches: <a href="/wiki/HICAL" title="HICAL">HICAL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wenchang_Commercial_Space_Launch_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenchang Commercial Space Launch Site">Wenchang Commercial</a>)</li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thumba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/LAPAN" class="mw-redirect" title="LAPAN">LAPAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stasiun_Peluncuran_Roket" title="Stasiun Peluncuran Roket">Pameungpeuk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Space_Agency" title="Iranian Space Agency">ISA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semnan_Space_Center" title="Semnan Space Center">Semnan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRGC" class="mw-redirect" title="IRGC">IRGC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahroud_Space_Center" title="Shahroud Space Center">Shahroud Space Center</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Space_Agency" title="Israel Space Agency">ISA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmachim_Airbase" title="Palmachim Airbase">Palmachim</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese<span class="nowrap"> </span>government: <a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">JAXA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center" title="Tanegashima Space Center">Tanegashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchinoura_Space_Center" title="Uchinoura Space Center">Uchinoura</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese private launches: <a href="/wiki/Space_One" title="Space One">Space One</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_Kii" title="Spaceport Kii">Kii</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kazakhstan<span class="nowrap"> </span>/ Russia: <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sary_Shagan" title="Sary Shagan">Sary Shagan</a></li></ul></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Development_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aerospace Development Administration">NADA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohae_Satellite_Launching_Station" title="Sohae Satellite Launching Station">Sohae</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">KARI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naro_Space_Center" title="Naro Space Center">Naro</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Space_%26_Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission">SUPARCO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonmiani_(space_facility)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonmiani (space facility)">Sonmiani</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Cosmodrome" title="Vostochny Cosmodrome">Vostochny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dombarovsky_(air_base)#Commercial_launches" title="Dombarovsky (air base)">Dombarovsky / Yasny</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Space_Agency" title="Norwegian Space Agency">NOSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B8ya_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Andøya Space Center">Andøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Rocket_Range" title="Svalbard Rocket Range">SvalRak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">VKS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome">Plesetsk</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_T%C3%A9cnica_Aeroespacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial">INTA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Arenosillo" title="El Arenosillo">El Arenosillo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Space_Corporation" title="Swedish Space Corporation">SSC</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Esrange" title="Esrange">Esrange</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/UK_Space_Agency" title="UK Space Agency">UKSA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newquay_Airport#Spaceport_Cornwall" title="Newquay Airport">Spaceport Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaxaVord_Spaceport" title="SaxaVord Spaceport">SaxaVord Spaceport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">USSF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral SFS</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg SFB</a> / <a href="/wiki/Western_Range_(USSF)" title="Western Range (USSF)">WR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility">Wallops</a></li></ul></li> <li>Academic: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poker_Flat_Research_Range" title="Poker Flat Research Range">Poker Flat</a></li></ul></li> <li>Private: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Ranch" title="Corn Ranch">Corn Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport" title="Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport">MARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Mojave Air and Space Port">Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starbase" title="SpaceX Starbase">SpaceX Starbase</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Woomera_Range_Complex" title="RAAF Woomera Range Complex">Woomera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Launch" title="Southern Launch">Southern Launch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koonibba_Test_Range" title="Koonibba Test Range">Koonibba</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Launch_Complex_1" title="Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1">Mahia Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li>Marshall<span class="nowrap"> </span>Islands<span class="nowrap"> </span>/<span class="nowrap"> </span>United<span class="nowrap"> </span>States:<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">DoD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_Test_Site" title="Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site">Reagan Test Site</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">FAB</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">AEB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A2ntara_Launch_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcântara Launch Center">Alcântara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barreira_do_Inferno_Launch_Center" title="Barreira do Inferno Launch Center">Barreira do Inferno</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe: <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a> / France: <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana / Kourou</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_waters" title="International waters">International waters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Launch" title="Sea Launch">Sea Launch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Launch_Services" title="Maritime Launch Services">Canso</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Kulasekharapatnam_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport">Kulasekharapatnam</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/LAPAN" class="mw-redirect" title="LAPAN">LAPAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biak_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Biak Spaceport">Biak</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oita_Airport" title="Oita Airport">Oita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiki_Multi-Purpose_Aerospace_Park" title="Taiki Multi-Purpose Aerospace Park">Hokkaido</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_Sweden" title="Spaceport Sweden">Spaceport Sweden</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Sutherland_spaceport" title="Sutherland spaceport">Sutherland spaceport</a></li> <li>United<span class="nowrap"> </span>States: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Airport" title="Cecil Airport">Cecil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton-Sherman_Industrial_Airpark" title="Clinton-Sherman Industrial Airpark">Clinton-Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Colorado Air and Space Port">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellington_Airport_(Texas)" title="Ellington Airport (Texas)">Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Spaceport_Complex" title="Maine Spaceport Complex">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_International_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Midland International Air and Space Port">Midland</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain:<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Hierro_Launch_Centre" title="El Hierro Launch Centre">El Hierro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria / France: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_interarm%C3%A9es_d%27essais_d%27engins_sp%C3%A9ciaux" title="Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux">CIEES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammaguir#Role_in_French_rocketry_and_spaceflight" title="Hammaguir">Hammaguir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggane" title="Reggane">Reggane</a></li></ul></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Carnarvon,_Western_Australia#Aerospace" title="Carnarvon, Western Australia">Carnarvon</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Rocket_Research_Range" title="Churchill Rocket Research Range">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall Beach">Hall Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_Bay" title="Resolute Bay">Resolute Bay</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Base_603" title="Base 603">Guangde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhui_District#Suborbital_rocket_launch_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhui District">Nanhui</a></li> <li>Nazi<span class="nowrap"> </span>Germany: <a href="/wiki/V-2_missile_launch_site,_Blizna" class="mw-redirect" title="V-2 missile launch site, Blizna">Blizna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie">Greifswalder Oie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde_Army_Research_Center" title="Peenemünde Army Research Center">Peenemünde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuchola_Forest" title="Tuchola Forest">Tuchola Forest</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/Koroni#Rocket_launch_site" title="Koroni">Koroni</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Salto_di_Quirra" title="Salto di Quirra">Salto di Quirra</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Japan%27s_space_development#Early_days" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan's space development">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nii-jima" title="Nii-jima">Nii-jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obachi" title="Obachi">Obachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryori" title="Ryori">Ryori</a></li> <li>Kenya / Italy: <a href="/wiki/Broglio_Space_Center" title="Broglio Space Center">Broglio, Malindi</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Tonghae_Satellite_Launching_Ground" title="Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground">Tonghae</a></li> <li>Soviet Union / Russia: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel_Observatory" title="Ernst Krenkel Observatory">Kheysa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk" title="Okhotsk">Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svobodny_Cosmodrome" title="Svobodny Cosmodrome">Svobodny</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/El_Arenosillo" title="El Arenosillo">El Arenosillo</a></li> <li>Sweden:<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Kronog%C3%A5rd" title="Kronogård">Kronogård</a></li> <li>USA: <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base#Space_Shuttle_support" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Space_Harbor" title="White Sands Space Harbor">WSSH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_space_programme593" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Department_of_Space" title="Template:Indian Department of Space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Department_of_Space" title="Template talk:Indian Department of Space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Department_of_Space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Department of Space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_space_programme593" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_space_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian space programme">Indian space programme</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space (DoS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antrix_Corporation" title="Antrix Corporation">Antrix Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Space_Science_and_Technology" title="Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology">Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Remote_Sensing" title="Indian Institute of Remote Sensing">Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Atmospheric_Research_Laboratory" title="National Atmospheric Research Laboratory">National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewSpace_India_Limited" title="NewSpace India Limited">NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_Research_Laboratory" title="Physical Research Laboratory">Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_and_Educational_Communication_Unit" title="Development and Educational Communication Unit">Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Space_Cell" title="Integrated Space Cell">Integrated Space Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Space_Promotion_and_Authorisation_Centre" title="Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre">Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN–SPACe)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg/120px-Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg/180px-Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg/240px-Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskara_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaskara (satellite)">Bhaskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS-aided_GEO_augmented_navigation" title="GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation">GAGAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSAT" title="GSAT">GSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Satellite_System" title="Indian National Satellite System">INSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Regional_Navigation_Satellite_System" title="Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System">IRNSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Remote_Sensing_Programme" title="Indian Remote Sensing Programme">IRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartosat" title="Cartosat">Cartosat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISAT" title="RISAT">RISAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(satellite)" title="Rohini (satellite)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretched_Rohini_Satellite_Series" title="Stretched Rohini Satellite Series">SROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Human_Spaceflight_Programme" title="Indian Human Spaceflight Programme">Human Spaceflight Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_Passenger_Payload_Experiment" title="Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment">APPLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata_(satellite)" title="Aryabhata (satellite)">Aryabhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMSAT" title="HAMSAT">HAMSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMS-1" title="IMS-1">IMS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megha-Tropiques" title="Megha-Tropiques">Megha-Tropiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARAL" title="SARAL">SARAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia_Satellite" title="South Asia Satellite">South Asia Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpana-1" title="Kalpana-1">Kalpana-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space observatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lunar and<br />planetary spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2"><i>Vikram</i> lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3#Lander" title="Chandrayaan-3"><i>Vikram</i> lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (upcoming)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter Mission 2">Mars Orbiter Mission 2</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Orbiter_Mission" title="Venus Orbiter Mission">Venus Orbiter Mission</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human spaceflight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_human_spaceflight_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian human spaceflight programme">Indian human spaceflight programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Capsule_Recovery_Experiment" title="Space Capsule Recovery Experiment">SRE-1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Capsule_Recovery_Experiment_II" title="Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II">SRE-II</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaganyaan" title="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Module_Atmospheric_Re-entry_Experiment" title="Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment">CARE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="ISRO Space Station">ISRO Space Station</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Orbital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PSLV_launches" title="List of PSLV launches">Launches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GSLV_launches" title="List of GSLV launches">Launches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Small Satellite Launch Vehicle">SSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SSLV_launches" title="List of SSLV launches">Launches</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Suborbital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(rocket_family)" title="Rohini (rocket family)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Vehicle" title="Advanced Technology Vehicle">ATV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RLV_Technology_Demonstration_Programme" title="RLV Technology Demonstration Programme">RLV Technology Demonstration Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle" title="Next Generation Launch Vehicle">NGLV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Satellite Launch Vehicle">SLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle">ASLV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CE-7.5" title="CE-7.5">CE-7.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CE-20" title="CE-20">CE-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikas_(rocket_engine)" title="Vikas (rocket engine)">Vikas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCE-200" title="SCE-200">SCE-200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station</a></li></ul> <ul><li>under development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulasekharapatnam_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport">Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai_Space_Centre" title="Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre">Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_R_Rao_Satellite_Centre" title="U R Rao Satellite Centre">U R Rao Satellite Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Propulsion_Systems_Centre" title="Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre">Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Propulsion_Complex" title="ISRO Propulsion Complex">ISRO Propulsion Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Applications_Centre" title="Space Applications Centre">Space Applications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Inertial_Systems_Unit" title="ISRO Inertial Systems Unit">ISRO Inertial Systems Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Electro-Optics_Systems" title="Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems">Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Space_Flight_Centre" title="Human Space Flight Centre">Human Space Flight Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_and_Educational_Communication_Unit" title="Development and Educational Communication Unit">Development and Educational Communication Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Deep_Space_Network" title="Indian Deep Space Network">Indian Deep Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Science_Data_Centre" title="Indian Space Science Data Centre">Indian Space Science Data Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Telemetry,_Tracking_and_Command_Network" title="ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network">ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Control_Facility_(ISRO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Control Facility (ISRO)">Master Control Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Remote_Sensing_Centre" title="National Remote Sensing Centre">National Remote Sensing Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation and policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Activities_Bill" title="Space Activities Bill">Space Activities Bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixxel" title="Pixxel">Pixxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyroot_Aerospace" title="Skyroot Aerospace">Skyroot Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellize" title="Satellize">Satellize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgniKul_Cosmos" title="AgniKul Cosmos">AgniKul Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhruva_Space" title="Dhruva Space">Dhruva Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellatrix_Aerospace" title="Bellatrix Aerospace">Bellatrix Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeamIndus" title="TeamIndus">TeamIndus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Day" title="National Space Day">National Space Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAGA-220" title="SAGA-220">SAGA-220</a> (supercomputer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statio_Shiv_Shakti" title="Statio Shiv Shakti">Statio Shiv Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RESPOND" title="RESPOND">RESPOND</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_satellites" title="List of 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