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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="روی کر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روی کر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="روی کر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روی کر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4_%EC%BB%A4" title="로이 커 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로이 커" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Patrick_Kerr" title="Roy Patrick Kerr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roy Patrick Kerr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="روى كير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روى كير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ロイ・カー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロイ・カー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_P._Kerr" title="Roy P. Kerr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roy P. Kerr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Kerr" title="Roy Kerr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roy Kerr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Patrick_Kerr" title="Roy Patrick Kerr – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roy Patrick Kerr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Керр, Рой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Керр, 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searchaux" style="display:none">New Zealand mathematician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the bootleg artist, see <a href="/wiki/The_Freelance_Hellraiser" title="The Freelance Hellraiser">The Freelance Hellraiser</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media 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style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Roy P. Kerr</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit">CNZM</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand">FRSNZ</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RPK_240324.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/RPK_240324.jpg/220px-RPK_240324.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/RPK_240324.jpg/330px-RPK_240324.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/RPK_240324.jpg/440px-RPK_240324.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="577" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kerr in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1934-05-16</span>) </span>16 May 1934<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 90)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kurow" title="Kurow">Kurow</a>, New Zealand</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_College,_Christchurch" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's College, Christchurch">St. Andrew's College, Christchurch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Zealand" title="University of New Zealand">University of New Zealand</a> (BSc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (PhD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kerr_metric" title="Kerr metric">Kerr metric</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Newman_metric" title="Kerr–Newman metric">Kerr–Newman metric</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Schild_perturbations" title="Kerr–Schild perturbations">Kerr–Schild perturbations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Medal" title="Hector Medal">Hector Medal</a> (1982)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a> (1984)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Medal_(Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand)" title="Rutherford Medal (Royal Society of New Zealand)">Rutherford Medal</a> (1993)<br /><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Medal" title="Albert Einstein Medal">Albert Einstein Medal</a> (2013)<br /><a href="/wiki/Crafoord_Prize" title="Crafoord Prize">Crafoord Prize</a> (2016)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Klein_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oskar Klein Medal">Oskar Klein Medal</a> (2020)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">Mathematics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/permalink/f/t9gok8/44CAM_ALMA21553629260003606">Equations of Motion in General Relativity</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1960)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roy Patrick Kerr</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit">CNZM</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand">FRSNZ</a></span></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born 16 May 1934) is a New Zealand mathematician who discovered the <a href="/wiki/Kerr_metric" title="Kerr metric">Kerr geometry</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Exact_solutions_in_general_relativity" title="Exact solutions in general relativity">exact solution</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Einstein_field_equation" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein field equation">Einstein field equation</a> of <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">general relativity</a>. His solution models the gravitational field outside an uncharged rotating massive object, including a <a href="/wiki/Rotating_black_hole" title="Rotating black hole">rotating black hole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fulvio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fulvio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His solution to Einstein's equations predicted spinning black holes before they were discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Kerr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kerr was born in 1934 in <a href="/wiki/Kurow,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurow, New Zealand">Kurow, New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mactutor_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born into a dysfunctional family, and his mother was forced to leave when he was three. When his father went to war, he was sent to a farm. After his father's return from war, they moved to <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>. He was accepted to <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_College,_Christchurch" title="St Andrew's College, Christchurch">St Andrew's College</a>, a private school, as his father had served under a former headmaster.<sup id="cite_ref-Bright_sparks_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bright_sparks-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerr's mathematical talent was first recognised while he was still a student at St Andrew's College. Although there was no mathematics teacher there at the time, he was able in 1951 to go straight into the third year of mathematics at Canterbury University College, a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Zealand" title="University of New Zealand">University of New Zealand</a> and the precursor to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a>. Their regulations did not permit him to graduate until 1954 and so it was not until September 1955 that he moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, where he earned his <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His dissertation concerned the equations of motion in general relativity.<sup id="cite_ref-mactutor_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_research">Career and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Kerr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">postdoctoral fellowship</a> at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>, where Einstein's collaborator <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bergmann" title="Peter Bergmann">Peter Bergmann</a> was a professor,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he spent some time working for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson Air Force Base</a>. Kerr speculated that the "main reason why the US Air Force had created a General Relativity section was probably to show the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> that they could also do pure research."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_at_Texas_and_Canterbury">Work at Texas and Canterbury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Kerr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Work at Texas and Canterbury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1962, Kerr joined <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schild" title="Alfred Schild">Alfred Schild</a> and his Relativity Group at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>. As Kerr wrote in 2009: </p> <dl><dd>By the summer of 1963, <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Schmidt" title="Maarten Schmidt">Maarten Schmidt</a> at Caltech had shown that certain starlike objects (now called <a href="/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">quasars</a>) were actually distant objects emitting enormous amounts of energy. Nobody understood how they could be so bright. In an effort to unravel this mystery, several hundred astronomers, astrophysicists, and general relativists gathered for a conference in Dallas, held in early December that year. This would be the First (of what since then has become the biennial) <a href="/wiki/Texas_Symposium_on_Relativistic_Astrophysics" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics">Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Kerr presented to the Symposium his solution to the Einstein field equations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (Nobel laureate, 1983) is quoted as having said : </p> <dl><dd>"In my entire scientific life, extending over forty-five years, the most shattering experience has been the realization that an exact solution of Einstein's equations of general relativity, discovered by the New Zealand mathematician, Roy Kerr, provides the absolutely exact representation of untold numbers of massive black holes that populate the universe" <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In 1965, with Alfred Schild, he introduced the concept of <a href="/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Schild_perturbations" title="Kerr–Schild perturbations">Kerr–Schild perturbations</a> and developed the <a href="/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Newman_metric" title="Kerr–Newman metric">Kerr–Newman metric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time in Texas, Kerr supervised four PhD students. </p><p>In 1971, Kerr returned to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a> in New Zealand. Kerr retired from his position as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Canterbury in 1993 after having been there for twenty-two years, including ten years as the head of the Mathematics department. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Kerr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy_Kerr_CNZM_investiture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Roy_Kerr_CNZM_investiture.jpg/220px-Roy_Kerr_CNZM_investiture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Roy_Kerr_CNZM_investiture.jpg/330px-Roy_Kerr_CNZM_investiture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Roy_Kerr_CNZM_investiture.jpg/440px-Roy_Kerr_CNZM_investiture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2922" data-file-height="2495" /></a><figcaption>Kerr (left), after his investiture as a <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit">Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit</a> by the governor-general, <a href="/wiki/Anand_Satyanand" title="Anand Satyanand">Sir Anand Satyanand</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Wellington" title="Government House, Wellington">Government House, Wellington</a>, on 14 April 2011</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Memorial_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Memorial Medal">Hector Medal</a> (1982) "for his work in theoretical physics. ... an exact solution of Einstein's equations of general relativity, ..."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a> (1984) "for his distinguished work on relativity, especially for his discovery of the so-called Kerr Black Hole, which has been very influential."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Medal_(Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand)" title="Rutherford Medal (Royal Society of New Zealand)">Rutherford Medal</a> (1993) "For his outstanding discoveries in the extra-terrestrial world of black holes."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icra.it/MG/mg11/mg11awards-booklet.pdf">Marcel Grossmann Award</a> (2006) "for his fundamental contribution to Einstein's theory of general relativity: ..."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" title="New Zealand Order of Merit">Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit</a> for services to astrophysics (<a href="/wiki/2011_New_Year_Honours_(New_Zealand)" title="2011 New Year Honours (New Zealand)">2011</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Medal" title="Albert Einstein Medal">Albert Einstein Medal</a> (2013) "for his 1963 discovery of a solution to Einstein's gravitational field equations."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crafoord_Prize" title="Crafoord Prize">Crafoord Prize</a> in Astronomy (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comsdev.canterbury.ac.nz/rss/news/?articleId=1894">Canterbury Distinguished Professor</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Klein_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oskar Klein Medal">Oskar Klein Medal</a> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2008 Kerr was appointed to the Yevgeny Lifshitz <a href="/wiki/ICRANet" title="ICRANet">ICRANet</a> Chair in <a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a>, Italy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fulvio_Melia" title="Fulvio Melia">Fulvio Melia</a> interviewed Kerr about his work on the solution for the book <i>Cracking the Einstein Code: Relativity and the Birth of Black Hole Physics</i> published in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerr contributed an "Afterword" of two and a half pages. </p><p>In 2012, it was announced that Kerr would be honoured by the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Society" title="Albert Einstein Society">Albert Einstein Society</a> in Switzerland with the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Medal" title="Albert Einstein Medal">Albert Einstein Medal</a>. He is the first New Zealander to receive the prestigious award.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2015, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a> awarded Kerr an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Kerr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kerr is married to Margaret.<sup id="cite_ref-Bright_sparks_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bright_sparks-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, after 9 years in <a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a> they returned to <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, where they now reside. Kerr was a notable bridge player representing New Zealand internationally in the mid-1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was co-author of the Symmetric Relay System, a <a href="/wiki/Bidding_system" title="Bidding system">bidding system</a> in <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Kerr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKerr,_R._P.1963" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr, R. P. (1963). "Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics". <i><a href="/wiki/Phys._Rev._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Phys. Rev. Lett.">Phys. Rev. Lett.</a></i> <b>11</b> (5): 237–238. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963PhRvL..11..237K">1963PhRvL..11..237K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.11.237">10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+Lett.&rft.atitle=Gravitational+field+of+a+spinning+mass+as+an+example+of+algebraically+special+metrics&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=237-238&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.11.237&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1963PhRvL..11..237K&rft.au=Kerr%2C+R.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fulvio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fulvio_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo6817175.html"><i>Cracking the Einstein Code</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Fulvio_Melia" title="Fulvio Melia">Fulvio Melia</a>, 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226519546" title="Special:BookSources/0226519546">0226519546</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a>, <i>Just Six Numbers – The Deep Forces that Shape the Universe</i>, Phoenix, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0%2B75381%2B022%2B0" title="Special:BookSources/0+75381+022+0">0 75381 022 0</a>, page 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalk2009" class="citation news cs1">Falk, Dan (7 October 2009). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427295.900-review-cracking-the-einstein-code-by-fulvio-melia.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=physics-math">"Review: Cracking the Einstein Code by Fulvio Melia"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Cracking+the+Einstein+Code+by+Fulvio+Melia&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg20427295.900-review-cracking-the-einstein-code-by-fulvio-melia.html%3FDCMP%3DOTC-rss%26nsref%3Dphysics-math&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mactutor-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mactutor_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mactutor_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Kerr_Roy.html">"Roy Kerr"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roy+Kerr&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FKerr_Roy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bright_sparks-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bright_sparks_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bright_sparks_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrone2013" class="citation news cs1">McCrone, John (2 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304042336if_/http://www.stuff.co.nz:80/the-press/christchurch-life/8372542/Bright-sparks-and-black-holes">"Bright sparks and black holes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. p. C2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/christchurch-life/8372542/Bright-sparks-and-black-holes">the original</a> on 4 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Bright+sparks+and+black+holes&rft.pages=C2&rft.date=2013-03-02&rft.aulast=McCrone&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fthe-press%2Fchristchurch-life%2F8372542%2FBright-sparks-and-black-holes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=45397">"Roy Kerr"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathematics+Genealogy+Project&rft.atitle=Roy+Kerr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathgenealogy.org%2Fid.php%3Fid%3D45397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?last_nm=Bergmann&first_nm=Peter&year=2003">"2003 Einstein Prize Recipient"</a>. <i>aps.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aps.org&rft.atitle=2003+Einstein+Prize+Recipient&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Fprograms%2Fhonors%2Fprizes%2Fprizerecipient.cfm%3Flast_nm%3DBergmann%26first_nm%3DPeter%26year%3D2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverbye2002" class="citation news cs1">Overbye, Dennis (23 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/23/nyregion/peter-g-bergmann-87-worked-with-einstein.html">"Peter G. Bergmann, 87; Worked With Einstein"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Peter+G.+Bergmann%2C+87%3B+Worked+With+Einstein&rft.date=2002-10-23&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F10%2F23%2Fnyregion%2Fpeter-g-bergmann-87-worked-with-einstein.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr2007" class="citation arxiv cs1">Kerr (2007). "Discovering the Kerr and Kerr–Schild metrics". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1109">0706.1109</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/gr-qc">gr-qc</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Discovering+the+Kerr+and+Kerr%E2%80%93Schild+metrics&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0706.1109&rft.au=Kerr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy Kerr (2009) Afterword, page 125 of <i>Cracking the Einstein Code</i> by Fulvio Melia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr1963" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr, Roy P. (1 September 1963). "Gravitational Field of a Spinning Mass as an Example of Algebraically Special Metrics". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>11</b> (5). American Physical Society (APS): 237–238. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963PhRvL..11..237K">1963PhRvL..11..237K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.11.237">10.1103/physrevlett.11.237</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9007">0031-9007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Gravitational+Field+of+a+Spinning+Mass+as+an+Example+of+Algebraically+Special+Metrics&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=237-238&rft.date=1963-09-01&rft.issn=0031-9007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.11.237&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1963PhRvL..11..237K&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Roy+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzmathsoc.org.nz/downloads/profiles/NZMSprofile58_Roy_Kerr.pdf?t=1262766416">New Zealand Mathematical Society Newsletter, No. 58, August 1993</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr,_R._P.Schild,_A.1965" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr, R. P. & Schild, A. (1965). "Some algebraically degenerate solutions of Einstein's gravitational field equations". <i>Proc. Symp. Appl. Math</i>. <b>17</b>: 119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Symp.+Appl.+Math.&rft.atitle=Some+algebraically+degenerate+solutions+of+Einstein%27s+gravitational+field+equations&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=119&rft.date=1965&rft.au=Kerr%2C+R.+P.&rft.au=Schild%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebney,_G.C.Kerr,_R._P.Schild,_A.1969" class="citation journal cs1">Debney, G.C.; Kerr, R. P. & Schild, A. (1969). "Solutions of the Einstein and Einstein-Maxwell Equations". <i><a href="/wiki/J._Math._Phys." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Math. Phys.">J. Math. Phys.</a></i> <b>10</b> (10): 1842. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969JMP....10.1842D">1969JMP....10.1842D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1664769">10.1063/1.1664769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Math.+Phys.&rft.atitle=Solutions+of+the+Einstein+and+Einstein-Maxwell+Equations&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1842&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1664769&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969JMP....10.1842D&rft.au=Debney%2C+G.C.&rft.au=Kerr%2C+R.+P.&rft.au=Schild%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomáš_Málek2014" class="citation journal cs1">Tomáš Málek (2014). 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Kerr - Kerr Black Holes have no Singularities"</a>. <i>Agenda (Indico)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agenda+%28Indico%29&rft.atitle=Oscar+Klein+Lecture%3A+Roy+P.+Kerr+-+Kerr+Black+Holes+have+no+Singularities&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findico.fysik.su.se%2Fevent%2F7186%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00841">"Do Black Holes have Singularities?"</a>. 5 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Do+Black+Holes+have+Singularities%3F&rft.date=2023-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2312.00841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Falk (7 October 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427295.900-review-cracking-the-einstein-code-by-fulvio-melia.html">Review: Cracking the Einstein Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2012" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Ashleigh (20 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/8101704/Einstein-Medal-for-NZ-professor">"Einstein Medal for NZ professor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)"> Stuff</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Einstein+Medal+for+NZ+professor&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Ashleigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fscience%2F8101704%2FEinstein-Medal-for-NZ-professor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comsdev.canterbury.ac.nz/rss/news/?articleId=1810">"Two Kiwi greats receive UC Honorary Doctorates"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a>. 10 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Kiwi+greats+receive+UC+Honorary+Doctorates&rft.pub=University+of+Canterbury&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comsdev.canterbury.ac.nz%2Frss%2Fnews%2F%3FarticleId%3D1810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.worldbridge.org/Repository/peopleforscrappcm/person.asp?qryid=15464">"International record for Roy Kerr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+record+for+Roy+Kerr&rft.pub=World+Bridge+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.worldbridge.org%2FRepository%2Fpeopleforscrappcm%2Fperson.asp%3Fqryid%3D15464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharko2004" class="citation web cs1">Sharko, Andrei (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagat.com/docs/SymmetricRelay.pdf">"Symmetric: The Symmetric Relay Contract Bridge Bidding System Made Easy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pagat.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pagat.com&rft.atitle=Symmetric%3A+The+Symmetric+Relay+Contract+Bridge+Bidding+System+Made+Easy&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Sharko&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagat.com%2Fdocs%2FSymmetricRelay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Kerr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roy_Patrick_Kerr" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Roy Patrick Kerr">Roy Patrick Kerr</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051215003113/http://ifs.massey.ac.nz/mathnews/centrefolds/58/Aug1993.shtml">Professor Roy Kerr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207181959/http://www.phys.canterbury.ac.nz/people/kerr.shtml">University of Canterbury: Roy Kerr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060212025144/http://www.listener.co.nz/default,2629.sm">Man of Mystery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/KerrRoy.html">Roy Kerr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icra.it/MG/">Marcel Grossmann meetings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.phys.canterbury.ac.nz/kerrfest/booklet.pdf"><i>Kerr Fest</i> & CV</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414101550/http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521885126"><i>The Kerr Spacetime</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/19766681?q=%22e.arnold%22+%2Bkerr&c=book">Kerr family history</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.worldbridge.org/Repository/peopleforscrappcm/person.asp?qryid=15464">"International record for Roy P. Kerr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+record+for+Roy+P.+Kerr&rft.pub=World+Bridge+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.worldbridge.org%2FRepository%2Fpeopleforscrappcm%2Fperson.asp%3Fqryid%3D15464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoy+Kerr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbfmasterpoints.com/playerdetail.asp?Code=1323">"Master Points record for Roy Kerr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bridge_Federation" title="World Bridge Federation">World Bridge Federation</a>.</cite><span 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aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Rutherford_Medal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recipients_of_the_Rutherford_Medal" title="Template:Recipients of the Rutherford Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recipients_of_the_Rutherford_Medal" title="Template talk:Recipients of the Rutherford Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients_of_the_Rutherford_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients of the Rutherford Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Rutherford_Medal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Medal_(Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand)" title="Rutherford Medal (Royal Society of New Zealand)">Rutherford Medal</a> of the Royal Society of New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Zealand Science and<br />Technology Gold Medal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Jones" title="Vaughan Jones">Vaughan Jones</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand)">Department of Scientific and Industrial Research</a> (group award)</li> <li>1993: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roy Kerr</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Ian_Axford" title="Ian Axford">Ian Axford</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Denny_(medical_researcher)" title="Bill Denny (medical researcher)">Bill Denny</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland_Cancer_Research_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auckland Cancer Research Laboratory (page does not exist)">Auckland Cancer Research Laboratory</a></li> <li>1996: <i>No award</i></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Walker" title="Thomas William Walker">Thomas William Walker</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Robinson_(scientist)" title="Bill Robinson (scientist)">Bill Robinson</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/David_Vere-Jones" title="David Vere-Jones">David Vere-Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rutherford Medal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gluckman" title="Peter Gluckman">Peter Gluckman</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Tallon_(physicist)" title="Jeff Tallon (physicist)">Jeff Tallon</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/George_Petersen_(biochemist)" title="George Petersen (biochemist)">George Petersen</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Penny" title="David Penny">David Penny</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Callaghan" title="Paul Callaghan">Paul Callaghan</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Baker_(chemist)" title="Ted Baker (chemist)">Ted Baker</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Faull" title="Richard Faull">Richard Faull</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/David_Parry_(biophysicist)" title="David Parry (biophysicist)">David Parry</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hunter_(bioengineer)" title="Peter Hunter (bioengineer)">Peter Hunter</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Warren_Tate" title="Warren Tate">Warren Tate</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Winterbourn" title="Christine Winterbourn">Christine Winterbourn</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brimble" title="Margaret Brimble">Margaret Brimble</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Anne_Salmond" title="Anne Salmond">Anne Salmond</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Schwerdtfeger" title="Peter Schwerdtfeger">Peter Schwerdtfeger</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Reid_(endocrinologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Reid (endocrinologist) (page does not exist)">Ian Reid</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Corballis" title="Michael Corballis">Michael Corballis</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Colin_Wilson_(volcanologist)" title="Colin Wilson (volcanologist)">Colin Wilson</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Rod_Downey" title="Rod Downey">Rod Downey</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Harding" title="Jane Harding">Jane Harding</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Boyd" title="Brian Boyd">Brian Boyd</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Howden-Chapman" title="Philippa Howden-Chapman">Philippa Howden-Chapman</a> and team</li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Multidisciplinary_Health_and_Development_Study" title="Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study">The Dunedin Study</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Linda_Tuhiwai_Smith" title="Linda Tuhiwai Smith">Linda Tuhiwai Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Hector_Medal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recipients_of_the_Hector_Memorial_Medal" title="Template:Recipients of the Hector Memorial Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recipients_of_the_Hector_Memorial_Medal" title="Template talk:Recipients of the Hector Memorial Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients_of_the_Hector_Memorial_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients of the Hector Memorial Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Hector_Medal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Hector_Medal" title="Hector Medal">Hector Medal</a> of the Royal Society of New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cockayne" title="Leonard Cockayne">Leonard Cockayne</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Easterfield" title="Thomas Easterfield">Thomas Easterfield</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsdon_Best" title="Elsdon Best">Elsdon Best</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Marshall" title="Patrick Marshall">Patrick Marshall</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Chilton_(zoologist)" title="Charles Chilton (zoologist)">Charles Chilton</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cheeseman" title="Thomas Cheeseman">Thomas Cheeseman</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Robertson_(chemist)" title="Philip Robertson (chemist)">Philip Robertson</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Smith_(ethnologist)" title="Percy Smith (ethnologist)">Percy Smith</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Speight" title="Robert Speight">Robert Speight</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge_Farr" title="Coleridge Farr">Coleridge Farr</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hudson_(entomologist)" title="George Hudson (entomologist)">George Hudson</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Petrie_(botanist)" title="Donald Petrie (botanist)">Donald Petrie</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Aston" title="Bernard Aston">Bernard Aston</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Skinner_(ethnologist)" title="Harry Skinner (ethnologist)">Harry Skinner</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotton_(geologist)" title="Charles Cotton (geologist)">Charles Cotton</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sommerville" title="Duncan Sommerville">Duncan Sommerville</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thomson_(naturalist)" title="George Thomson (naturalist)">George Thomson</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holloway_(botanist)" title="John Holloway (botanist)">John Holloway</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Percival_Evans" title="William Percival Evans">William Percival Evans</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buck_(anthropologist)" title="Peter Buck (anthropologist)">Te Rangi Hiroa (Peter H. Buck)</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marwick" title="John Marwick">John Marwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noel_Benson" title="Noel Benson">Noel Benson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ernest_Weatherburn" title="Charles Ernest Weatherburn">Charles Ernest Weatherburn</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Benham_(zoologist)" title="William Benham (zoologist)">William Benham</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Oliver" title="Walter Oliver">Walter Oliver</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reader_Hosking" title="John Reader Hosking">John Reader Hosking</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Williams_(bishop)" title="Herbert Williams (bishop)">Herbert Williams</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bartrum" title="Arthur Bartrum">Arthur Bartrum</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Macleod_(physicist)" title="Donald Macleod (physicist)">Donald Macleod</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Finlay" title="Harold Finlay">Harold Finlay</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Allan" title="Harry Allan">Harry Allan</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Briggs_(chemist)" title="Bob Briggs (chemist)">Bob Briggs</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Carl_Andersen" title="Johannes Carl Andersen">Johannes C. Andersen</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henderson_(geologist)" title="John Henderson (geologist)">John Henderson</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Forder" title="Henry Forder">Henry Forder</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_Powell_(malacologist)" title="Baden Powell (malacologist)">Baden Powell</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._H._Cunningham" title="G. H. Cunningham">G. H. Cunningham</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anthony_Robinson" title="Robert Anthony Robinson">Robert Anthony Robinson</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Beaglehole" title="Ernest Beaglehole">Ernest Beaglehole</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_John_Turner" title="Francis John Turner">Francis John Turner</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Bullen_(mathematician)" title="Keith Bullen (mathematician)">Keith Bullen</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Richdale" title="Lance Richdale">Lance Richdale</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Cranwell" title="Lucy Cranwell">Lucy Cranwell</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Shorland" title="Brian Shorland">Brian Shorland</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Duff" title="Roger Duff">Roger Duff</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wellman" title="Harold Wellman">Harold Wellman</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alister_McLellan" title="Alister McLellan">Alister McLellan</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Fell" title="Barry Fell">Barry Fell</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Chamberlain" title="Ted Chamberlain">Ted Chamberlain</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Bloom_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Bloom (chemist) (page does not exist)">Harry Bloom</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Piddington" title="Ralph Piddington">Ralph Piddington</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fleming_(ornithologist)" title="Charles Fleming (ornithologist)">Charles Fleming</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Lawden" title="Derek Lawden">Derek Lawden</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dell" title="Richard Dell">Richard Dell</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Holloway_(ecologist)" title="Jack Holloway (ecologist)">Jack Holloway</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Con_Cambie" title="Con Cambie">Con Cambie</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Archey" title="Gilbert Archey">Gilbert Archey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Coombs_(geologist)" title="Doug Coombs (geologist)">Doug Coombs</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Wybourne" title="Brian Wybourne">Brian Wybourne</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Cunningham" title="Ira Cunningham">Ira Cunningham</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Bollard" title="Ted Bollard">Ted Bollard</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hartshorn" title="Michael Hartshorn">Michael Hartshorn</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Purves" title="Herbert Purves">Herbert Purves</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hayes_(seismologist)" title="Robert Hayes (seismologist)">Robert Hayes</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dodd" title="Jack Dodd">Jack Dodd</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cam_Reid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cam Reid (page does not exist)">Cam Reid</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Matthews_(microbiologist)" title="Richard Matthews (microbiologist)">Richard Matthews</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Phillips_(chemist)" title="Leon Phillips (chemist)">Leon Phillips</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Liggins" title="Graham Liggins">Graham Liggins</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Hatherton" title="Trevor Hatherton">Trevor Hatherton</a> (1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roy Kerr</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Forster" title="Ray Forster">Ray Forster</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Bieleski" title="Rod Bieleski">Rod Bieleski</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_la_Mare_(chemist)" title="Peter de la Mare (chemist)">Peter de la Mare</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Carrell" title="Robin Carrell">Robin Carrell</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Ellis_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Ellis (chemist) (page does not exist)">Jim Ellis</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Walls" title="Dan Walls">Dan Walls</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bergquist" title="Patricia Bergquist">Patricia Bergquist</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wardle" title="Peter Wardle">Peter Wardle</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Roper_(chemist)" title="Warren Roper (chemist)">Warren Roper</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Green_(archaeologist)" title="Roger Green (archaeologist)">Roger Green</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Walcott" title="Dick Walcott">Dick Walcott</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Stedman" title="Geoff Stedman">Geoff Stedman</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Jolly" title="Bob Jolly">Bob Jolly</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Butcher" title="John C. Butcher">John C. Butcher</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Baker_(chemist)" title="Ted Baker (chemist)">Ted Baker</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Callaghan" title="Paul Callaghan">Paul Callaghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Tallon_(physicist)" title="Jeff Tallon (physicist)">Jeff Tallon</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Seber" title="George Seber">George Seber</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schwerdtfeger" title="Peter Schwerdtfeger">Peter Schwerdtfeger</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_MacKenzie_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken MacKenzie (chemist) (page does not exist)">Ken MacKenzie</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Witten" title="Ian Witten">Ian Witten</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Furneaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Furneaux (page does not exist)">Richard Furneaux</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Haskell" title="Timothy Haskell">Timothy Haskell</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaven_Martin" title="Gaven Martin">Gaven Martin</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Steel (page does not exist)">Peter Steel</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grant_Williams_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Williams (scientist) (page does not exist)">Grant Williams</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Downey" title="Rod Downey">Rod Downey</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brimble" title="Margaret Brimble">Margaret Brimble</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blaikie" title="Richard Blaikie">Richard Blaikie</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marston_Conder" title="Marston Conder">Marston Conder</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Brown_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Brown (chemist) (page does not exist)">Ian Brown</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%A9phane_Coen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stéphane Coen (page does not exist)">Stéphane Coen</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Brooker" title="Sally Brooker">Sally Brooker</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Visser" title="Matt Visser">Matt Visser</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadranka_Trava%C5%A1-Sejdi%C4%87" title="Jadranka Travaš-Sejdić">Jadranka Travaš-Sejdić</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamonn_O%27Brien_(mathematician)" title="Eamonn O'Brien (mathematician)">Eamonn O'Brien</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Le_Ru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Le Ru (page does not exist)">Eric Le Ru</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Cox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murray Cox (page does not exist)">Murray Cox</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niels_Kj%C3%A6rgaard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niels Kjærgaard (page does not exist)">Niels Kjærgaard</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Relativity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Relativity" title="Template:Relativity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Relativity" title="Template talk:Relativity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Relativity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Relativity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Relativity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">Relativity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_relativity" title="Special relativity">Special<br />relativity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_relativity" title="Principle of relativity">Principle of relativity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galilean_invariance" title="Galilean invariance">Galilean relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilean_transformation" title="Galilean transformation">Galilean transformation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_relativity" title="Special relativity">Special relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubly_special_relativity" title="Doubly special relativity">Doubly special relativity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Fundamental<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frame_of_reference" title="Frame of reference">Frame of reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">Speed of light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_orthogonality" title="Hyperbolic orthogonality">Hyperbolic orthogonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapidity" title="Rapidity">Rapidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations" title="Maxwell's equations">Maxwell's equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_length" title="Proper length">Proper length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_time" title="Proper time">Proper time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_acceleration" title="Proper acceleration">Proper acceleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity" title="Mass in special relativity">Relativistic mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Formulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorentz_transformation" title="Lorentz transformation">Lorentz transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_textbooks_on_relativity" title="List of textbooks on relativity">Textbooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_dilation" title="Time dilation">Time dilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence" title="Mass–energy equivalence">Mass–energy equivalence (E=mc<sup>2</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Length_contraction" title="Length contraction">Length contraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity" title="Relativity of simultaneity">Relativity of simultaneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativistic_Doppler_effect" title="Relativistic Doppler effect">Relativistic Doppler effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_precession" title="Thomas precession">Thomas precession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladder_paradox" title="Ladder paradox">Ladder paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_paradox" title="Twin paradox">Twin paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrell_rotation" title="Terrell rotation">Terrell rotation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">Spacetime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_cone" title="Light cone">Light cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_line" title="World line">World line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minkowski_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Minkowski diagram">Minkowski diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biquaternion" title="Biquaternion">Biquaternions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minkowski_space" title="Minkowski space">Minkowski space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">General<br />relativity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_general_relativity" title="Introduction to general relativity">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_of_general_relativity" title="Mathematics of general relativity">Mathematical formulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Fundamental<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equivalence_principle" title="Equivalence principle">Equivalence principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riemannian_geometry" title="Riemannian geometry">Riemannian geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_diagram" title="Penrose diagram">Penrose diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesics_in_general_relativity" title="Geodesics in general relativity">Geodesics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mach%27s_principle" title="Mach's principle">Mach's principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Formulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADM_formalism" title="ADM formalism">ADM formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSSN_formalism" title="BSSN formalism">BSSN formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein_field_equations" title="Einstein field equations">Einstein field equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linearized_gravity" title="Linearized gravity">Linearized gravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parameterized_post-Newtonian_formalism" title="Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism">Post-Newtonian formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raychaudhuri_equation" title="Raychaudhuri equation">Raychaudhuri equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Jacobi%E2%80%93Einstein_equation" title="Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation">Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_equation" title="Ernst equation">Ernst equation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">Black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_horizon" title="Event horizon">Event horizon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_singularity" title="Gravitational singularity">Singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity" title="Two-body problem in general relativity">Two-body problem</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_wave" title="Gravitational wave">Gravitational waves</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_astronomy" title="Gravitational-wave astronomy">astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_observatory" title="Gravitational-wave observatory">detectors</a> (<a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a> and <a href="/wiki/LIGO_Scientific_Collaboration" title="LIGO Scientific Collaboration">collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_interferometer" title="Virgo interferometer">Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEO600" title="GEO600">GEO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulse%E2%80%93Taylor_binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulse–Taylor binary">Hulse–Taylor binary</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tests_of_general_relativity" title="Tests of general relativity">Other tests</a>: <a href="/wiki/Apsidal_precession" title="Apsidal precession">precession</a> of Mercury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_lens" title="Gravitational lens">lensing</a> (together with <a href="/wiki/Einstein_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein cross">Einstein cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Einstein_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein rings">Einstein rings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_redshift" title="Gravitational redshift">redshift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapiro_time_delay" title="Shapiro time delay">Shapiro delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame-dragging" title="Frame-dragging">frame-dragging</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_effect" title="Geodetic effect">geodetic effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lense%E2%80%93Thirring_precession" title="Lense–Thirring precession">Lense–Thirring precession</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_timing_array" title="Pulsar timing array">pulsar timing arrays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;">Advanced<br />theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brans%E2%80%93Dicke_theory" title="Brans–Dicke theory">Brans–Dicke theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluza%E2%80%93Klein_theory" title="Kaluza–Klein theory">Kaluza–Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_gravity" title="Quantum gravity">Quantum gravity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Exact_solutions_in_general_relativity" title="Exact solutions in general relativity">Solutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cosmological: <a href="/wiki/Friedmann%E2%80%93Lema%C3%AEtre%E2%80%93Robertson%E2%80%93Walker_metric" title="Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric">Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friedmann_equations" title="Friedmann equations">Friedmann equations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lema%C3%AEtre%E2%80%93Tolman_metric" title="Lemaître–Tolman metric">Lemaître–Tolman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasner_metric" title="Kasner metric">Kasner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BKL_singularity" title="BKL singularity">BKL singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6del_metric" title="Gödel metric">Gödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milne_model" title="Milne model">Milne</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Spherical: <a href="/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric" title="Schwarzschild metric">Schwarzschild</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interior_Schwarzschild_metric" title="Interior Schwarzschild metric">interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff_equation" title="Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation">Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6m_metric" title="Reissner–Nordström metric">Reissner–Nordström</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Axisymmetric: <a href="/wiki/Kerr_metric" title="Kerr metric">Kerr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Newman_metric" title="Kerr–Newman metric">Kerr–Newman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyl%E2%88%92Lewis%E2%88%92Papapetrou_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou coordinates">Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taub%E2%80%93NUT_space" title="Taub–NUT space">Taub–NUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Stockum_dust" title="Van Stockum dust">van Stockum dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativistic_disk" title="Relativistic disk">discs</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/wiki/Pp-wave_spacetime" title="Pp-wave spacetime">pp-wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozsv%C3%A1th%E2%80%93Sch%C3%BCcking_metric" title="Ozsváth–Schücking metric">Ozsváth–Schücking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcubierre_drive" title="Alcubierre drive">Alcubierre</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In computational physics: <a href="/wiki/Numerical_relativity" title="Numerical relativity">Numerical relativity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">Hilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schwarzschild" title="Karl Schwarzschild">Schwarzschild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter" title="Willem de Sitter">de Sitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weyl" title="Hermann Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eddington" title="Arthur Eddington">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Friedmann" title="Alexander Friedmann">Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">Milne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_P._Robertson" title="Howard P. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" title="Fritz Zwicky">Zwicky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Choquet-Bruhat" title="Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat">Choquet-Bruhat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Zeldovich" title="Yakov Zeldovich">Zel'dovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Dmitriyevich_Novikov" title="Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov">Novikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Ehlers" title="Jürgen Ehlers">Ehlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Geroch" title="Robert Geroch">Geroch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bondi" title="Hermann Bondi">Bondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Misner" title="Charles W. Misner">Misner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Yau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contributors_to_general_relativity" title="List of contributors to general relativity"><i>others</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Theory_of_relativity" title="Category:Theory of relativity">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2019" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_2019" title="Template:FRS 2019"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_2019" title="Template talk:FRS 2019"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_2019" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 2019"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2019">in 2019</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Abdool_Karim" title="Salim Abdool Karim">Salim Abdool Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bangham" title="Charles Bangham">Charles Bangham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdyal_Besra" title="Gurdyal Besra">Gurdyal Besra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava" title="Manjul Bhargava">Manjul Bhargava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucher_Birkar" title="Caucher Birkar">Caucher Birkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Blencowe" title="Benjamin Blencowe">Benjamin Blencowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Briscoe" title="James Briscoe">James Briscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_A._Butler" title="Peter A. Butler">Peter A. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Carpenter" title="Lucy Carpenter">Lucy Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Darby" title="Sarah Darby">Sarah Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Davey_Smith" title="George Davey Smith">George Davey Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Embley" title="Martin Embley">Martin Embley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Fanaroff" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernie Fanaroff">Bernie Fanaroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Flint_(scientist)" title="Jonathan Flint (scientist)">Jonathan Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_Gouverneur" title="Véronique Gouverneur">Véronique Gouverneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hacon" title="Christopher Hacon">Christopher Hacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Handley_(computer_scientist)" title="Mark Handley (computer scientist)">Mark Handley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harland_(biologist)" title="Richard Harland (biologist)">Richard Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Haynes" title="Peter H. Haynes">Peter H. Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Head-Gordon" title="Martin Head-Gordon">Martin Head-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hurles" title="Matthew Hurles">Matthew Hurles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jozsa" title="Richard Jozsa">Richard Jozsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagandeep_Kang" title="Gagandeep Kang">Gagandeep Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_A._Kay" title="Steve A. Kay">Steve A. Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John-Michael_Kendall" title="John-Michael Kendall">John-Michael Kendall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roy Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_C._Knight" title="Jonathan C. Knight">Jonathan C. Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Kwiatkowska" title="Marta Kwiatkowska">Marta Kwiatkowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Mayer" title="Mark Mayer">Mark Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_H._McKinley" title="Gareth H. McKinley">Gareth H. McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_G._Nicholls" title="David G. Nicholls">David G. Nicholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Orengo" title="Christine Orengo">Christine Orengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Osbourn" title="Anne Osbourn">Anne Osbourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anant_Parekh" title="Anant Parekh">Anant Parekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Peto" title="Julian Peto">Julian Peto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caetano_Reis_e_Sousa" title="Caetano Reis e Sousa">Caetano Reis e Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rodenburg" title="John Rodenburg">John Rodenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rushworth" title="Matthew Rushworth">Matthew Rushworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Sazanov" title="Leonid Sazanov">Leonid Sazanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_D._Scholes" title="Gregory D. Scholes">Gregory D. Scholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Sherwood_Lollar" title="Barbara Sherwood Lollar">Barbara Sherwood Lollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Shoichet" title="Molly Shoichet">Molly Shoichet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Sockett" title="Liz Sockett">Liz Sockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraskevas_Sphicas" title="Paraskevas Sphicas">Paraskevas Sphicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jack W. Szostak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Taylor" title="Andrew D. Taylor">Andrew D. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tibshirani" title="Robert Tibshirani">Robert Tibshirani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Tomlinson_(scientist)" title="Ian Tomlinson (scientist)">Ian Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglass_Turnbull" title="Douglass Turnbull">Douglass Turnbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Venkatesh" title="Akshay Venkatesh">Akshay Venkatesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Wickramasinghe" title="Kumar Wickramasinghe">Kumar Wickramasinghe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honorary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamied" title="Yusuf Hamied">Yusuf Hamied</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Clevers" title="Hans Clevers">Hans Clevers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_D%C3%ADaz_(ecologist)" title="Sandra Díaz (ecologist)">Sandra Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inez_Fung" title="Inez Fung">Inez Fung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Milstein" title="David Milstein">David Milstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkihebbal_Ravishankara" title="Akkihebbal Ravishankara">Akkihebbal Ravishankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Staskawicz" title="Brian Staskawicz">Brian Staskawicz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959840#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000034964204">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14021187">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1926537/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCVqxTm8mTJkYBPKh8md">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/139772308">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95078542">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49866044">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kerr, R. P."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk20201071144&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p33903968X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007439380705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=45397">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:kerr.roy-patrick">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/100535">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1530472">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/132379147">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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