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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Набљудувачка_астрофизика"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Набљудувачка астрофизика</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Набљудувачка_астрофизика-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Теориска_астрофизика" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Теориска_астрофизика"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Теориска астрофизика</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Теориска_астрофизика-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Популаризација" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Популаризација"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Популаризација</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Популаризација-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Поврзано" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Поврзано"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Поврзано</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Поврзано-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Наводи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наводи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Наводи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наводи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Дополнителна_литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Дополнителна_литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Дополнителна литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Дополнителна_литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Надворешни_врски" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Надворешни_врски"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Надворешни врски</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Надворешни_врски-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Содржина" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прик./скр. содржина" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прик./скр. содржина</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Астрофизика</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Појдете на статија на друг јазик. Достапно на 102 јазици" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 јазици</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Astrofisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فيزياء فلكية — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء فلكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যোতিৰ্পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান — асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জ্যোতিৰ্পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica — астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Astrofísica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — азербејџански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербејџански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যোতিঃপদার্থবিজ্ঞান — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যোতিঃপদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Astrofisika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрафізіка — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Астрафізіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Астрофизика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Astrofísica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика — чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Астрофизика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofyzika" title="Astrofyzika — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Astrofyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisica" title="Astrofisica — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Astrofisica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroffiseg" title="Astroffiseg — велшки" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Astroffiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="велшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofysik" title="Astrofysik — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Astrofysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysik" title="Astrophysik — германски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astrophysik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrof%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Astrofüüsika — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astrofüüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Αστροφυσική — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστροφυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics — англиски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Astrofísica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofiziko" title="Astrofiziko — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Astrofiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika — баскиски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Astrofisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اخترفیزیک — персиски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اخترفیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysique" title="Astrophysique — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astrophysique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9altfhisic" title="Réaltfhisic — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réaltfhisic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica — галициски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Astrofísica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галициски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="천체물리학 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천체물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Աստղաֆիզիկա — ерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղաֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="खगोलभौतिकी — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खगोलभौतिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofiziko" title="Astrofiziko — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Astrofiziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika — индонезиски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Astrofisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysica" title="Astrophysica — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Astrophysica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisica" title="Astrofisica — окцидентал" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Astrofisica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="окцидентал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjarne%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stjarneðlisfræði — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjarneðlisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisica" title="Astrofisica — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astrofisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אסטרופיזיקה — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטרופיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika — јавански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Astrofisika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="јавански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಖಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ასტროფიზიკა — грузиски" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასტროფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астрофизика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%AArfiz%C3%AEk" title="Stêrfizîk — курдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stêrfizîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика — киргиски" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Астрофизика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysica" title="Astrophysica — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Astrophysica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — латвиски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysik" title="Astrophysik — луксембуршки" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Astrophysik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="луксембуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofixica" title="Astrofixica — лигурски" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Astrofixica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="лигурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisica" title="Astrofisica — лингва франка нова" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Astrofisica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="лингва франка нова" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asztrofizika" title="Asztrofizika — унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Asztrofizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഖഗോള ഭൗതികം — малајалски" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖഗോള ഭൗതികം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="खगोलभौतिकी — марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खगोलभौतिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ასტროფიზიკა — мегрелски" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ასტროფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83" title="فيزيا الفلك — египетски арапски" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيزيا الفلك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="египетски арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizik" title="Astrofizik — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Astrofizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%95ng-%C3%B9ng_%C5%ACk-l%C4%AB-h%C5%8Fk" title="Tiĕng-ùng Ŭk-lī-hŏk — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tiĕng-ùng Ŭk-lī-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Астрофизик — монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Астрофизик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="နက္ခတ္တရူပဗေဒ — бурмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နက္ခတ္တရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бурмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofysica" title="Astrofysica — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astrofysica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学 — јапонски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天体物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofysikk" title="Astrofysikk — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astrofysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofysikk" title="Astrofysikk — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Astrofysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisike" title="Astrofisike — новијал" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Astrofisike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="новијал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisica" title="Astrofisica — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Astrofisica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — узбечки" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="تارہ فزکس — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تارہ فزکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="د ستورو فزيک — паштунски" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ستورو فزيک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="паштунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizyka" title="Astrofizyka — полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Astrofizyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Astrofísica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizic%C4%83" title="Astrofizică — романски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Astrofizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="романски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астрофизика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysik" title="Astrophysik — затерландски фризиски" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Astrophysik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="затерландски фризиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrof%C3%ACsica" title="Astrofìsica — сицилијански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Astrofìsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="තාරකා භෞතික විද්‍යාව — синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තාරකා භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astrophysics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofyzika" title="Astrofyzika — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astrofyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — словенечки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ستێرفیزیک — централнокурдски" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ستێرفیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="централнокурдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика — српски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астрофизика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="српски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika — сундски" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Astrofisika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofysiikka" title="Astrofysiikka — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astrofysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofysik" title="Astrofysik — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astrofysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astropisika" title="Astropisika — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Astropisika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வானியற்பியல் — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானியற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasngama_tasnaggurt" title="Tasngama tasnaggurt — тачелхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasngama tasnaggurt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="тачелхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఖగోళ భౌతికశాస్త్రం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖగోళ భౌతికశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟิสิกส์ดาราศาสตร์ — тајландски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟิสิกส์ดาราศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ахтарфизик — таџикистански" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ахтарфизик" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таџикистански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizik" title="Astrofizik — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Astrofizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika — туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Astrofizika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофизика — удмуртски" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Астрофизика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмуртски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрофізика — украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астрофізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فلکی طبیعیات — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلکی طبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_thi%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n" title="Vật lý thiên văn — виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý thiên văn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4&page=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&id=5275933&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информации како да ја наведете оваа страница"><span>Наведи ја страницава</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%9D%D0%B0URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0"><span>Дај скратена URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0"><span>Преземи QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Печати/извези </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Создај книга</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>Преземи како PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&printable=yes" title="Верзија за печатење на оваа страница [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Верзија за печатење</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> На други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astrophysics" hreflang="en"><span>Ризница</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37547" title="Врска до поврзаниот предмет во складиштето за податоци [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Предмет на Википодатоци</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатки за страници"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Изглед"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Од Википедија — слободната енциклопедија</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mk" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4539682">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-wraplinks a{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding-bottom:0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.4em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding-top:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.4em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-navbar{padding-top:0.6em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Физика</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Emc2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emc2.svg/80px-Emc2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emc2.svg/120px-Emc2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emc2.svg/160px-Emc2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="154" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><sub><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Еднаквост на масата и енергијата">Еднаквост на масата и енергијата</a></sub></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Историја на физиката (страницата не постои)">Историја на физиката</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Гранки</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Електромагнетизам">Електромагнетизам</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна механика">Квантна механика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класична механика">Класична механика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика">Оптика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статистичка механика">Статистичка механика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Теорија за релативноста">Релативност</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика">Термодинамика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физика на кондензираната материја">Физика на кондензираната материја</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Честична физика">Честична физика</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Полиња</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Астрофизика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атомска физика">Атомска физика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Биофизика">Биофизика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Геофизика">Геофизика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молекуларна физика">Молекуларна физика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јадрена физика">Јадрена физика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика">Оптика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Применета физика">Применета физика</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Минати опити</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BOOMERanG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BOOMERanG (страницата не постои)">BOOMERanG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Белови опити (страницата не постои)">Белови опити</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%E2%80%93%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гајгер–Марсденов опит (страницата не постои)">Гајгер–Марсденов опит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гравитациска сонда A (страницата не постои)">Гравитациска сонда A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гравитациска сонда B (страницата не постои)">Гравитациска сонда B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Двомикронско испитување на небото (страницата не постои)">2MASS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Двостепено истражување на галактичкото црвено поместување во полето (страницата не постои)">ДИГЦПП</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дејвисов опит (страницата не постои)">Дејвисов опит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%E2%80%93%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дејвисон–Гермеров опит (страницата не постои)">Дејвисон–Гермеров опит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%E2%80%9E%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%E2%80%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дигитален небесен истражувач „Слоан“ (страницата не постои)">Дигитален небесен истражувач „Слоан“</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%88%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Јунгов експеримент (страницата не постои)">Јунгов експеримент</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кевендишов опит (страницата не постои)">Кевендишов опит</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%E2%80%93%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кован–Рејнесов неутрински опит (страницата не постои)">Кован–Рејнесов неутрински опит</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мајкелсон-Морлиев обид">Мајкелсон-Морлиев обид</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%9E%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%E2%80%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Микробранова анизотропна сонда „Вилкинсон“ (страницата не постои)">Микробранова анизотропна сонда „Вилкинсон“</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Обид со маслинова капка (страницата не постои)">Обид со маслинова капка</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Опити со камера опскура (страницата не постои)">Опити со камера опскура</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Позадинско космичко истражување (страницата не постои)">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%E2%80%93%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Франк–Херцов опит (страницата не постои)">Франк–Херцов опит</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Фукоово нишало">Фукоово нишало</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%E2%80%93%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Штерн–Герлахов обид (страницата не постои)">Штерн–Герлахов обид</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Тековни опити</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF_%E2%80%9E%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%E2%80%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вселенски телескоп „Џејмс Веб“ (страницата не постои)">Вселенски телескоп „Џејмс Веб“</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Голем хадронски судирач">Голем хадронски судирач (LHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Релативистички судирач на тешки јони (страницата не постои)">Релативистички судирач на тешки јони (RHIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хадронска електронска прстенеста постројка (страницата не постои)">Хадронска електронска прстенеста постројка (HERA)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Научници</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Алберт Ајнштајн">Ајнштајн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нилс Бор">Нилс Бор</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Јуџин Вигнер">Вигнер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Галилео Галилеј">Галилеј</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пол Дирак">Дирак</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Џејмс Кларк Максвел">Максвел</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD" title="Исак Њутн">Њутн</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Волфганг Паули">Паули</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Ернест Радерфорд">Радерфорд</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ричард Фајнман">Фајнман</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Хајзенберг">Хајзенберг</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Стивен Хокинг">Хокинг</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шредингер">Шредингер</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-преглед"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Предлошка:Општа физика"><abbr title="Преглед на предлошкава">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Разговор за предлошка:Општа физика"><abbr title="Разговор за предлошкава">р</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Уредување на предлошкава">у</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Астрофизика</b> — гранка на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија">астрономијата</a> која употребува физички и хемиски принципи со цел да ја определи природата на небесните тела наместо нивните положби или движења во вселената<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Телата кои се изучуваат се <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сонце">Сонцето</a>, други <a href="/wiki/%D0%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Ѕвезда">ѕвезди</a>, галаксии, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вонсончева планета">вонсончеви планети</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Меѓуѕвездена средина">меѓуѕвездената средина</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Космичко микробраново зрачење (страницата не постои)">космичкото микробраново зрачење</a><sup id="cite_ref-nasa.gov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.Нивното оддавање на енергија се разгледува во сите делови од <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Електромагнетен спектар">електромагнетниот спектар</a>, а меѓу својствата кои се испитуваат, се вклучени: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Сјајност">сјајноста</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Густина">густината</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура">температурата</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хемиски состав (страницата не постои)">хемискиот состав</a>. Бидејќи астрофизиката е обемна наука, астрофизичарите типично применуваат многу дисциплини од физиката, вклучувајќи <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Механика">механика</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Електромагнетизам">електромагнетизам</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статистичка механика">статистичка механика</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика">термодинамика</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна механика">квантна механика</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јадрена физика">јадрена</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Честична физика">честична физика</a>, и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атомска физика">атомска</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молекуларна физика">молекуларна физика</a>. </p><p>Во пракса, во современата астрономија често се користи теориска и набљудувачка физика. Астрофизичарите се обидуваат да ги утврдат својствата на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Црна материја (страницата не постои)">црната материја</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Црна енергија (страницата не постои)">црната енергија</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Црна дупка">црните дупки</a>; дали е возможно да се <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Патување низ времето">патува низ времето</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Црвоточина">црвоточини</a>, дали <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мултивселена (страницата не постои)">мултивселената</a> постои; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Космологија (страницата не постои)">потеклото</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крајот на универзумот (страницата не постои)">крајот</a> на универзумот <sup id="cite_ref-nasa.gov_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa.gov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Теми кои исто така се разлгледувани од астрофизичките теоретичари се: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Создавање и развој на Сончевиот Систем (страницата не постои)">создавање и развој на Сончевиот Систем</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ѕвездена динамика">ѕвездена динамика</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Ѕвезден развој">развој</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Создавање и развој на галаксии (страницата не постои)">создавање и развој на галаксии</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Магнетна хидродинамика (страницата не постои)">магнетохидродинамика</a>; структура од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Материја">материја</a> со големи размери во универзумот;  потеклото на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Космички зраци">космичките зраци</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Општа теорија за релативноста">општа релативност</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физичка космологија">физичката космологија</a>, вклучувајќи <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Теорија на струните">струнска</a> космологија и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрочестична физика">астрочестична физика</a>. </p><p>Астрофизиката може да студира на додипломско, магистерско и докторско ниво во оделите за физика и хемија на многу универзитети. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Историја"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Историја</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уреди го одделот „Историја“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Историја"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:NIEdot362.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/NIEdot362.jpg/269px-NIEdot362.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="425" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/NIEdot362.jpg/404px-NIEdot362.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/NIEdot362.jpg/538px-NIEdot362.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1264" /></a><figcaption>Споредба на елементни, сончеви и ѕвездени спектри во XX век</figcaption></figure> <p>Иако астрономијата е стара колку пишаната историја, таа долго време е одделена од терестријалната физика. Според Аристотел, телата на небото се неменливи сфери чиишто единствени движења се непроменливи движења на топка, додека земниот свет е подложен на раст и распаѓање а природното движење е по права линија и завршува кога објектот во движење ќе стигне до целта. Од тоа произлегува идејата дека вселената е направена од целосно различен вид на материјата од таа што може да се најде на земјата, оган според <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Платон">Платон</a>, или <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Етер (физика) (страницата не постои)">етер</a> според <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Аристотел">Аристотел</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Од XVII век, природните филозофи како <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Галилео Галилеј">Галилео</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Рене Декарт">Декарт</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD" title="Исак Њутн">Њутон</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> тврдат дека небесните и земните области се направени од слични видови материјали и се подложни на истите <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Физички закон">природни закони</a><sup id="cite_ref-Burtt_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burtt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . Но, во тој период не биле осмислени потребните уреди за да ги докажат своите убедувања<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Во голем дел од XIX век, асторномските истражувања биле сосредоточени на рутинската работа од пресметување на позицијата и пресметување на движењето на астрономските објекти<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Нов вид на асторономија, подоцна наречена астрофизика, започнува кога <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вилијам Хајд Воластон (страницата не постои)">Вилијам Хајд Воластон</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Јозеф фон Фраунхофер">Јозеф фон Фраунхофер</a>, одделно забележуваат дека, кога се разложува светлината од Сонцето, можат да се забележаат множество од темни линии (области каде има помалку или нема светлина) во спектарот<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. До 1860 година физичарот, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Густав Роберт Кирхоф">Густав Кирхоф</a>, и хемичарот, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роберт Бунсен (страницата не постои)">Роберт Бунсен</a>, покажале дека <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Апсорпциона спектроскопија (страницата не постои)">темните линии</a> во сончевиот спектар одговараат на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Емисиона спектроскопија (страницата не постои)">светлите линии</a> во спектарот на познатите гасови, специфичните линии одговараат на поединечните <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Хемиски елемент">хемиски елементи</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Од ова Кирхоф заклучува дека темните линии во сончевиот спектар се предизвикани од <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Впивање (електромагнетно зрачење) (страницата не постои)">апсорбицијата</a> на хемиските елементи во Сончевата атмосфера<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. На овој начин докажано е дека истите хемиски елементи кои можат да се најдат во Сонцето и ѕвездите, можат исто така да се најдат на Земјата. </p><p> Помеѓу тие што го надоградиле изучувањето на науката за сончевите и ѕвездените спектри е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Норман Локер (страницата не постои)">Норман Локер</a>, кој во 1868 година открил светли и темни линии во сончевиот спектар. Работејќи со хемичарот, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Едвард Франкланд (страницата не постои)">Едвард Франкланд</a>, ги проучувале спектрите на елементите на различни температури и притисоци, тој не можел да ja објасни жолтата линија на сончевиот спектар со ниеден познат елемент. На тој начин бил откриен нов елемент, кој го нарекол хелиум, по грчкиот бог <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хелиос (страницата не постои)">Хелиос</a>, олицетворението на Сонцето<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Во 1885 година, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A6._%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Едвар Ц. Пикеринг (страницата не постои)">Едвард Пикеринг</a> започна абициозна програма за ѕвезедна спектрална класификација во Харвардската опсерваторија, во кој тим од жени компјутери, особено <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вилијамина Флеминг (страницата не постои)">Вилијамина Флеминг</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антонија Мори (страницата не постои)">Антонија Мори</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%8F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ени Џамп Канон">Ени Џамп Канон</a>, ги класифицирале спектрите забележани во фотографските плочи. До 1890, бил подготвен каталог на повеќе од 10000 ѕвезди групирани во тринаесет спектрални видови. Следејќи ја визијата на Пикеринг, до 1924 Канон го проширила каталогот на девет тома со повеќе од половина милиони ѕвезди, развивајќи ја шемата на Харвард за класификацијата која била прифатена за светска употреба во 1922 година<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Во 1895 година, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9F_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Џорџ Елери Хејл (страницата не постои)">Џорџ Елери Хејл</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Џејмс Килер (страницата не постои)">Џејмс Килер</a>, заедно со група од 10 соработнициод Европа и САД,<sup id="cite_ref-Hale1895_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hale1895-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> го воспоставиле <a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Astrophysical Journal"><i>The Astrophysical Journal: An International Review of Spectroscopy and Astronomical Physics</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Намерата била да се пополни празнината која постоела меѓу физиката и астрономијата, со што се обезбедил збиер на објавени статии за астрономската примена на спектроскопите, во лабораториските истражувања кои се блиски со астрономската физика, вклучувајќи ги тука и определувањето на брановите должини на спектрите на металите и гасовите и екпериментите поврзани со впивањето, теориите за Сонцето, Месечината, планетите, кометите, метеорите и маглините и кај инструментите кај телескопите и лабораториите.<sup id="cite_ref-Hale1895_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hale1895-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Во 1925 година <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сесилија Хелена Пејн (страницата не постои)">Сесилија Хелена Пејн</a> (подоцна Сесилија Пејн-Гаспошкин) напишала значаен докторски труд во колеџот Редклиф, во кој таа ја користела јонизациската теорија за ѕвездената атмосфера за да се поврзат со спектралните класи на температурата на ѕвездите<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Најважно е дека таа открила дека водородот и хелиумот се основните гасови присутни во ѕвездите. Ова отркитие е толку неочекувано така што читателите на трудот ја поттикнале да го измени заклучокот пред објавувањетп. Сепак подоцнежните истражувања го потврдиле нејзиното откритие<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>До крајот на XX век, понатамошно истражување на ѕвездените и експерименталните спектри и напреднале, како резултат на појавата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна механика">квантна физика</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Набљудувачка_астрофизика"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B1.D1.99.D1.83.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.87.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Набљудувачка астрофизика</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уреди го одделот „Набљудувачка астрофизика“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Набљудувачка астрофизика"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:N_63A-_Chandra_and_Hubble_-_Heic0507f.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/N_63A-_Chandra_and_Hubble_-_Heic0507f.tif/lossy-page1-285px-N_63A-_Chandra_and_Hubble_-_Heic0507f.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/N_63A-_Chandra_and_Hubble_-_Heic0507f.tif/lossy-page1-428px-N_63A-_Chandra_and_Hubble_-_Heic0507f.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/N_63A-_Chandra_and_Hubble_-_Heic0507f.tif/lossy-page1-570px-N_63A-_Chandra_and_Hubble_-_Heic0507f.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Остаток од супернова LMC N 63A сликана преку ренгенски (сини), оптички (зелени) и радио (црвени) бранови должини. Рендгенското светење е од материја затоплена на околу десет милион целзиусови степени од ударен бран генериран од експлозијата на суперновата.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%99%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Набљудувачка астрономија (страницата не постои)">Набљудувачката астрономија</a> е дел од <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија">астрономската</a> наука кој се занимава со забележување на податоци, за разлика од <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Теориската астрофизика (страницата не постои)">теориската астрофизика</a>, што главно се занимава со наоѓање на мерливите дејства на физичките <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Концептуален модел (страницата не постои)">модели</a>. Тоа е наука за набљудување на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Астрономски објект">небесните тела</a> користејќи <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп">телескопи</a> и други астрономски уреди. </p><p>Повеќето астрофизички набљудувања се прават користејќи го <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Електромагнетен спектар">електромагнетниот спектар</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Радиоастрономија">Радиоастрономијата</a> проучува зрачења со <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бранова должина">бранови должини</a> поголеми од неколку милиметри. Пример за подрачјето за истражување се радиобранови, честопати оддадени од ладни тела како меѓуѕвезден гас и облаци од прашина, позадинско космичко микробраново зрачење, што всушност е црвеното поместување на светлината од <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Големата експлозија">Големата експлозија</a> (Биг Банг), пулсари, првично се откриени при <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Микробранови">микробранови</a> честоти. За проучување на ваквите бранови потребни се големи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радиотелескоп (страницата не постои)">радиотелескопи</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ифрацрвена астрономија (страницата не постои)">Ифрацрвената астрономија</a> проучува зрачење со <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бранова должина">бранови должини</a> помали од радиобрановите, но поголема од видливиот спектар за човековото око. Инфрацрвените набљудувања честопати се направени со телескопи слични на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика">оптичките</a> телескопи. Објектите кои се поладни од ѕвездите (како планетите) обично се проучуваат со инфрацрвени честоти.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Оптичка астрономија (страницата не постои)">Оптичката астрономија</a> е најстариот вид на астрономија. Телескопите вообичаено се поврзани со камери или спектроскопи. Земјината <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера">атмосфера</a> го попречува со оптичкото набљудување, па затоа се користи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Адаптивна оптика (страницата не постои)">адаптивна оптика</a> или пак <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вселенска опсерваторија">вселенски телескопи</a> со цел да се добие најквалитетна слика. Во опсегот на оваа бранова должина, ѕвездите се мошне видливи, и многу спектри можат да се користат за набљудување и проучување на хемискиот состав на ѕвездите, галаксиите и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Маглина">маглините</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Ултравиолетово зрачење">Ултравиолетовата</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рендгенска астрономија (страницата не постои)">рендгенската</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гама-зрачна астрономија (страницата не постои)">гама-зрачната астрономија</a> ги проучуваат високоенергетските процеси како што се <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бинарни пулсари (страницата не постои)">двојните пулсари</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Црна дупка">црниите дупки</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Магнетар">магнетарите</a>, и многу други. Овие типови на зрачење исто така не може да се пробијат низ Земјината атмосфера. Постојат два метода за набљудување на овој дел од електромагнетниот спектар преку телескопи поставени во вселената и Черенкови телескопи за атмосферски снимки (<a href="/w/index.php?title=IACT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IACT (страницата не постои)">IACT</a>). Примери за обзеватории на првито тип се <a href="/w/index.php?title=RXTE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RXTE (страницата не постои)">RXTE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_x-%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чандра x-зрачна опсерваторија (страницата не постои)">Чандра x-зрачната опсерваторија</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Комптон гама-зрачна опсерваторија (страницата не постои)">Комптон гама-зрачната опсерваторија</a>. Примери за IACT се високоенергетскиот стереоскописки систем (<a href="/w/index.php?title=H.E.S.S.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.E.S.S. (страницата не постои)">H.E.S.S.</a>) и телескопот <a href="/w/index.php?title=MAGIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MAGIC (страницата не постои)">MAGIC</a>.</li></ul> <p>            Покрај електромагнетното зрачење, мал број на тела може да се набљудуваат на <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="Земја">Земјата</a> на големи далечини. Изградени се неколу опсерватории за <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гравитациски бран">гравитациските бранови</a>, но многу е тешко да се забележат. Исто така постојат и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Неутрино">нутрински</a> опсерватории, чија главна цел е да го проучуваат Сонцето. Космичните зраци се составени од високоенергетски честички кои можат да се набљудуваат при судирањето со Земјината атмосфера. </p><p>Набљудувањата се разликуваат и според временскиот период. Повеќето оптички набљудувања траат минути или часови, па така појавата што се менува побрзо не може да биде забележана. Но, историските податоци за некои тела се достапни, опфаќајќи <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Век">векови</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Милениум">милениуми</a>. Од друга страна, радионабљудувањата можат да разгледуваат настани во милисекундни временски периоди (милисекундни пулсари) или кобинираат години на податоци (истражување за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пулсар">забавувањето на пулсарите</a>). Информациите добиени од овие различни временски периоди се со големи разлики. </p><p>Истражувањето на нашето <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сонце">Сонце</a> има посебно место во набљудувачката астрофизика. Поради големата оддалеченост од другите ѕвезди, Сонцето може да се набљудува во неспоредлива деталност. Истражувањето на Сонцето служи како водич за разбирањето на другите ѕвезди.  </p><p>Темата за тоа како ѕвездите се менуваат или ѕвездениот развој, е честоопати моделирана поставувајќи различни типови на ѕвезди во соодветните подрачја нав <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Херцшпрунг-Раселов дијаграм">Херцшпрунг-Раселовиот дијаграм</a>, на кој може да се види развојот на ѕвездите, од создавањето до нивното уништување. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Теориска_астрофизика"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Теориска астрофизика</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уреди го одделот „Теориска астрофизика“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Теориска астрофизика"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Теориската астрофизика употребува најразлични алатки кои вклучуваат <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аналитички модели (страницата не постои)">аналитички модели</a> (Пример, политропи за точно определување на однесувањето на ѕвездите) и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пресметка (страницата не постои)">пресметковни</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бројчена анализа">бројчени симулации</a>. Секое метод си има свои предности. Аналитичките модели се подобри за увид во внатрешноста на ѕвездите. Бројчените модели можат да го откријат постоењето на појави и ефекти кои на друг начин не би биле видени<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Теоритичарите во астрофизиката се обидуваат да создадат теориски модели и да ги откријат последици набљудувани кај тие модели. Ова им дозволува на набљудувачите да најдат податоци кои би го побиле моделот или помага во изборот меѓу повеќето постоечки противречни модели. </p><p>Теоретичарите исто така се обидуваат да создадат или изменат модел кој ги зема предвид најновите податоци. Во случај на недоследност, главно се обидуваат да направат минимална промена на моделот за да се совпадне со податоците. Во некои случаи, при многу недоследни податоци може да се напушти моделот. </p><p>Темите проучувани од теориските астрофизичари се: ѕвездена динамика и развој; создавање и развој на галаксии; магнетохидродинамика; структури од материја со големи размери во универзумот;  потеклото на космичките зраци; општата релативност и физичката космологија, вклучувајќи ја и струнската космологија и честичната астрофизика. Асторфизичката релативност служи како алатка за мерење на својствата на структурите со големи размери за кои гравитацијата има важна улога во истражувањето на физичките појави и како основа за проучувањето на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Црна дупка">црните дупки</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гравитациски бран">гравитациските бранови</a>. </p><p>Меѓу некои пошироко проучени и прифатени модели и теории во астрофизика се: моделот Ламбда-CDM и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Големата експлозија">големата експлозија</a>, космичката инфлација, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Црна материја (страницата не постои)">црната материја</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Црна енергија (страницата не постои)">црната енергија</a> и основните теории на физиката. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Црвоточина">Црвјите дупки</a> се пример за хипотеза која сè уште не е докажана (или негирана). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Популаризација"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Популаризација</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уреди го одделот „Популаризација“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Популаризација"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Корените на астрофизиката може да се најдат во XVII век со појавата на унифицираната физика, во која истите правила важат за небесните и земските тела<sup id="cite_ref-Burtt_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burtt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . Научници кои биле запознаени со физиката и астрономијата поставиле цврсти основи на науката денес позната како астрофизика. Современо, младите студенти се привлекувани од оваа наука главно заради популаризацијата од <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кралско астрономско друштво (страницата не постои)">Кралското астрономско друштво</a> и значајните професори <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Субраманијан Чандрасекар">Субраманијан Чандрасекар</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Стивен Хокинг">Стивен Хокинг</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хјуберт Ривс (страницата не постои)">Хјуберт Ривс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Карл Сејган">Карл Сејган</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нил Деграс Тајсон">Нил Деграс Тајсон</a> и други. Напорите на старите, средновековните и сегашните научници уште ги привлекуваат младите луѓе да ја учат историјата на науката и астрофизиката<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Поврзано"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BE"></span>Поврзано</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уреди го одделот „Поврзано“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Поврзано"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Crab_Nebula.jpg" 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постои)">Астрономска спектроскопија</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бремсштралунг (страницата не постои)">Бремсштралунг</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB_%E2%80%9E%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%E2%80%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Медал „Хенри Драпер“ (страницата не постои)">Медал „Хенри Драпер“</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%E2%80%93%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Херцшпрунг–Раселов дијаграм (страницата не постои)">Херцшпрунг–Раселов дијаграм</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%D0%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ѕвездена астрофизика">Ѕвездена астрофизика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ѕвездена физика (страницата не постои)">Ѕвездена физика</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Наводи"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8"></span>Наводи</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уреди го одделот „Наводи“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Наводи"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKeeler1897" class="citation">Keeler, James E. (November 1897), „The Importance of Astrophysical Research and the Relation of Astrophysics to the Other Physical Sciences“, <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, <b>6</b> (4): 271–288, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1897ApJ.....6..271K">1897ApJ.....6..271K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F140401">10.1086/140401</a>, <q>[Astrophysics] is closely allied on the one hand to astronomy, of which it may properly be classed as a branch, and on the other hand to chemistry and physics.… It seeks to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space–<i>what</i> they are, rather than <i>where</i> they are.… That which is perhaps most characteristic of astrophysics is the special prominence which it gives to the study of radiation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Astrophysical+Research+and+the+Relation+of+Astrophysics+to+the+Other+Physical+Sciences&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=271-288&rft.date=1897-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F140401&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1897ApJ.....6..271K&rft.aulast=Keeler&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5289462">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610085146/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrophysics">„astrophysics“</a>. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrophysics">изворникот</a> на 10 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2011-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=astrophysics&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster%2C+Incorporated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fastrophysics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa.gov-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nasa.gov_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nasa.gov_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150811095500/http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/">„Focus Areas - NASA Science“</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/">изворникот</a> на 2015-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2016-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Focus+Areas++-+NASA+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fastrophysics%2Ffocus-areas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40047/astronomy">„astronomy“</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=astronomy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F40047%2Fastronomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1968" class="citation book">Lloyd, G.E.R. (1968). <i>Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of His Thought</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. стр. 134–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/0-521-09456-9" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/0-521-09456-9"><bdi>0-521-09456-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aristotle%3A+The+Growth+and+Structure+of+His+Thought&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=134-5&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-521-09456-9&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=G.E.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCornfordc._1957" class="citation book">Cornford, Francis MacDonald (c. 1957) [1937]. <i>Plato's Cosmology: The </i>Timaeus<i> of Plato translated, with a running commentary</i>. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill Co. стр. 118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plato%27s+Cosmology%3A+The+Timaeus+of+Plato+translated%2C+with+a+running+commentary&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Bobbs+Merrill+Co&rft.aulast=Cornford&rft.aufirst=Francis+MacDonald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGalilei1989" class="citation">Galilei, Galileo (1989), Van Helden, Albert (уред.), <i>Sidereus Nuncius or The Sidereal Messenger</i>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, стр. 21, 47, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/0-226-27903-0" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/0-226-27903-0"><bdi>0-226-27903-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sidereus+Nuncius+or+The+Sidereal+Messenger&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=21%2C+47&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-226-27903-0&rft.aulast=Galilei&rft.aufirst=Galileo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Slowik2013" class="citation web">Edward Slowik (2013) [2005]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-physics/">„Descartes' Physics“</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2015-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Descartes%27+Physics&rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Edward+Slowik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fdescartes-physics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWestfall1980" class="citation">Westfall, Richard S. (1980), <i>Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, стр. 731–732, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/0-521-27435-4" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/0-521-27435-4"><bdi>0-521-27435-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Never+at+Rest%3A+A+Biography+of+Isaac+Newton&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=731-732&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-521-27435-4&rft.aulast=Westfall&rft.aufirst=Richard+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burtt-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Burtt_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Burtt_10-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBurtt2003" class="citation journal">Burtt, Edwin Arthur (2003) [First published 1924]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Metaphysical_Foundations_of_Modern_S.html?id=G9WBMa1Rz_kC">„The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Science“</a> (II прер.. изд.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications: 30, 41, 241–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/9780486425511" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/9780486425511"><bdi>9780486425511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Metaphysical+Foundations+of+Modern+Science&rft.pages=30%2C+41%2C+241-2&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780486425511&rft.aulast=Burtt&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FThe_Metaphysical_Foundations_of_Modern_S.html%3Fid%3DG9WBMa1Rz_kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Наводот journal бара <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Помош:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLadislav_Kvasz2013" class="citation journal">Ladislav Kvasz (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.sk/aps/pubs/2012/aps-12-06/aps-12-06.pdf">„Galileo, Descartes, and Newton – Founders of the Language of Physics“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Institute of Philosophy, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2015-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Galileo%2C+Descartes%2C+and+Newton+%E2%80%93+Founders+of+the+Language+of+Physics&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Ladislav+Kvasz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.sk%2Faps%2Fpubs%2F2012%2Faps-12-06%2Faps-12-06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Наводот journal бара <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Помош:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCase2015" class="citation">Case, Stephen (2015), „<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Land-marks of the universe': John Herschel against the background of positional astronomy“, <i>Annals of Science</i>, <b>72</b> (4): 417–434, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00033790.2015.1034588">10.1080/00033790.2015.1034588</a>, <q>The great majority of astronomers working in the early nineteenth century were not interested in stars as physical objects. Far from being bodies with physical properties to be investigated, the stars were seen as markers measured in order to construct an accurate, detailed and precise background against which solar, lunar and planetary motions could be charted, primarily for terrestrial applications.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Science&rft.atitle=%27Land-marks+of+the+universe%27%3A+John+Herschel+against+the+background+of+positional+astronomy&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=417-434&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00033790.2015.1034588&rft.aulast=Case&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelly2014" class="citation">Donnelly, Kevin (September 2014), „On the boredom of science: positional astronomy in the nineteenth century“, <i>The British Journal for the History of Science</i>, <b>47</b> (3): 479–503, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007087413000915">10.1017/S0007087413000915</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+for+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=On+the+boredom+of+science%3A+positional+astronomy+in+the+nineteenth+century&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=479-503&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0007087413000915&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHearnshaw1986" class="citation book">Hearnshaw, J.B. (1986). <i>The analysis of starlight</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. стр. 23–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/0-521-39916-5" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/0-521-39916-5"><bdi>0-521-39916-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+analysis+of+starlight&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=23-29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-521-39916-5&rft.aulast=Hearnshaw&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKirchhoff1860" class="citation">Kirchhoff, Gustav (1860), „Ueber die Fraunhofer'schen Linien“, <i>Annalen der Physik</i>, <b>185</b> (1): 148–150, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1860AnP...185..148K">1860AnP...185..148K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18601850115">10.1002/andp.18601850115</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Ueber+die+Fraunhofer%27schen+Linien&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=148-150&rft.date=1860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.18601850115&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1860AnP...185..148K&rft.aulast=Kirchhoff&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKirchhoff1860" class="citation">Kirchhoff, Gustav (1860), „Ueber das Verhältniss zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme und Licht“, <i>Annalen der Physik</i>, <b>185</b> (2): 275–301, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1860AnP...185..275K">1860AnP...185..275K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18601850205">10.1002/andp.18601850205</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Ueber+das+Verh%C3%A4ltniss+zwischen+dem+Emissionsverm%C3%B6gen+und+dem+Absorptionsverm%C3%B6gen+der+K%C3%B6rper+f%C3%BCr+W%C3%A4rme+und+Licht&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=275-301&rft.date=1860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.18601850205&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1860AnP...185..275K&rft.aulast=Kirchhoff&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCortie1921" class="citation">Cortie, A. L. (1921), „Sir Norman Lockyer, 1836 – 1920“, <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, <b>53</b>: 233–248, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1921ApJ....53..233C">1921ApJ....53..233C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F142602">10.1086/142602</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Sir+Norman+Lockyer%2C+1836+%26ndash%3B+1920&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=233-248&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F142602&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1921ApJ....53..233C&rft.aulast=Cortie&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2004" class="citation">Jensen, William B. (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.che.uc.edu/jensen/W.%20B.%20Jensen/Reprints/115.%20Helium.pdf">„Why Helium Ends in "-ium<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>, <b>81</b>: 944–945, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JChEd..81..944J">2004JChEd..81..944J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed081p944">10.1021/ed081p944</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=Why+Helium+Ends+in+%22-ium%22&rft.volume=81&rft.pages=944-945&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed081p944&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004JChEd..81..944J&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.che.uc.edu%2Fjensen%2FW.%2520B.%2520Jensen%2FReprints%2F115.%2520Helium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHetheringtonMcCray" class="citation">Hetherington, Norriss S.; McCray, W. Patrick, Weart, Spencer R. (уред.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907133751/https://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/tools/tools-spectroscopy.htm"><i>Spectroscopy and the Birth of Astrophysics</i></a>, American Institute of Physics, Center for the History of Physics, Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/tools/tools-spectroscopy.htm">изворникот</a> на 2015-09-07<span class="reference-accessdate">, Посетено на <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spectroscopy+and+the+Birth+of+Astrophysics&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics%2C+Center+for+the+History+of+Physics&rft.aulast=Hetherington&rft.aufirst=Norriss+S.&rft.au=McCray%2C+W.+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory%2Fcosmology%2Ftools%2Ftools-spectroscopy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hale1895-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hale1895_20-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hale1895_20-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHale" class="citation">Hale, George Ellery, „The Astrophysical Journal“, <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, <b>1</b> (1): 80–84, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1895ApJ.....1...80H">1895ApJ.....1...80H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F140011">10.1086/140011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=80-84&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F140011&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1895ApJ.....1...80H&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=George+Ellery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Astrophysical Journal</i> <b>1(1) </b> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1925" class="citation">Payne, C. H. (1925), <i>Stellar Atmospheres; A Contribution to the Observational Study of High Temperature in the Reversing Layers of Stars</i> (PhD Thesis), Cambridge, Mass.: Radcliffe College, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1925PhDT.........1P">1925PhDT.........1P</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stellar+Atmospheres%3B+A+Contribution+to+the+Observational+Study+of+High+Temperature+in+the+Reversing+Layers+of+Stars&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Radcliffe+College&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1925PhDT.........1P&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=C.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaramundanis2007" class="citation">Haramundanis, Katherine (2007), „Payne-Gaposchkin [Payne], Cecilia Helena“, Во Hockey, Thomas; Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R. (уред.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t-BF1CHkc50C"><i>Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers</i></a>, New York: Springer, стр. 876–878, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-387-30400-7" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-387-30400-7"><bdi>978-0-387-30400-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, Посетено на <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Payne-Gaposchkin+%5BPayne%5D%2C+Cecilia+Helena&rft.btitle=Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+Astronomers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=876-878&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-30400-7&rft.aulast=Haramundanis&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt-BF1CHkc50C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9711066">Frontiers of Astrophysics: Workshop Summary</a>, H. Falcke, P. L. Biermann</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRoth1932" class="citation">Roth, H. (1932), „A Slowly Contracting or Expanding Fluid Sphere and its Stability“, <i>Physical Review</i>, <b>39</b> (3): 525–529, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932PhRv...39..525R">1932PhRv...39..525R</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.39.525">10.1103/PhysRev.39.525</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=A+Slowly+Contracting+or+Expanding+Fluid+Sphere+and+its+Stability&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=525-529&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.39.525&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932PhRv...39..525R&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEddington1988" class="citation">Eddington, A. S. (1988) [1926], <i>Internal Constitution of the Stars</i>, New York: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/0-521-33708-9" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/0-521-33708-9"><bdi>0-521-33708-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internal+Constitution+of+the+Stars&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-33708-9&rft.aulast=Eddington&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFD._Mark_Manley2012" class="citation web">D. Mark Manley (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnr2.kent.edu/~manley/astronomers.html">„Famous Astronomers and Astrophysicists“</a>. Kent State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2015-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+Astronomers+and+Astrophysicists&rft.pub=Kent+State+University&rft.date=2012&rft.au=D.+Mark+Manley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnr2.kent.edu%2F~manley%2Fastronomers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThe_science.ca_team2015" class="citation web">The science.ca team (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.ca/scientists/scientistprofile.php?pID=213">„Hubert Reeves – Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science“</a>. GCS Research Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2015-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hubert+Reeves+%E2%80%93+Astronomy%2C+Astrophysics+and+Space+Science&rft.pub=GCS+Research+Society&rft.date=2015&rft.au=The+science.ca+team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.ca%2Fscientists%2Fscientistprofile.php%3FpID%3D213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/">„Neil deGrasse Tyson“</a>. Hayden Planetarium. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">2015-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neil+deGrasse+Tyson&rft.pub=Hayden+Planetarium&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haydenplanetarium.org%2Ftyson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Дополнителна_литература"><span id=".D0.94.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Дополнителна литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Уреди го одделот „Дополнителна литература“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Дополнителна литература"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLongair2006" class="citation journal">Longair, Malcolm S. (2006). „The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology“. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/9780521474368" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/9780521474368"><bdi>9780521474368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Cosmic+Century%3A+A+History+of+Astrophysics+and+Cosmology&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521474368&rft.aulast=Longair&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Наводот journal бара <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Помош:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a> Scholarpedia Expert articles</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Надворешни_врски"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D1.80.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Надворешни врски</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Уреди го одделот „Надворешни врски“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Надворешни врски"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/75px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/100px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Wikibooks</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page">Англиските Викикниги</a> нудат повеќе материјал на тема: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Astrophysics" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldscinet.com/ijmpd/ijmpd.shtml">International Journal of Modern Physics D</a> from World Scientific</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/index.htm">Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology</a> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081021070242/http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/index.htm">Архивирано</a> на 21 октомври 2008 г.</small> from the American Institute of Physics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vega.org.uk/video/subseries/16">Prof. Sir Harry Kroto, NL</a>, Astrophysical Chemistry Lecture Series. 8 Freeview Lectures provided by the Vega Science Trust.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.slac.stanford.edu/ppap.html">Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iasfbo.inaf.it/">Institute for Space Astrophysics and Cosmic Physics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/">Astrophysical Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aanda.org/">Astronomy and Astrophysics, a European Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienceresourceworld.com/publications/journals/astronomy_journals.html">List and directory of peer-reviewed Astronomy / Astrophysics Journals</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://master.obspm.fr/">Master of Science in Astronomy and Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm">Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial, UCLA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unlv.edu/degree/ms-astronomy">UNLV Astronomy & Astrophysics department</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oca.eu/stee/page1/page3/page3.html">Hot and Active Stars Research</a>, astrophysicist Philippe Stee's homepage</li> <li>Astronomy_and_Geophysics, The Royal Astronomical Society 'house journal' presenting scientific articles on major developing themes in astronomy and geophysics in succinct, readable and accessible form</li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-преглед"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Предлошка:Гранки на физиката"><abbr title="Преглед на предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Разговор за предлошка:Гранки на физиката"><abbr title="Разговор за предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Уредување на предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">у</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%">Поважни гранки на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физиката</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Поделба</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теориска физика">Теориска</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Феноменологија (физика) (страницата не постои)">Феноменологија</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сметачка физика (страницата не постои)">Сметачка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Експериментална физика">Експериментална</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Применета физика">Применета</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класична физика">Класична</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класична механика">Класична механика</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Акустика (страницата не постои)">Акустика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Балистика">Балистика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Механика на континуумот (страницата не постои)">Континуум</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Механика на флуидите (страницата не постои)">Флуиди</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Механика на цврстите тела">Цврсти</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хамилтонова механика (страницата не постои)">Хамилтонијан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лагранжова механика (страницата не постои)">Лангранжијан</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Класичен електромагнетизам (страницата не постои)">Електродинамика</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електростатика">Електростатика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Магнетостатика">Магнетостатика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Плазмена физика">Плазмена физика</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статистичка механика">Статистичка механика</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Термодинамика">Термодинамика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физика на кондензираната материја">Кондензирана материја</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Физика на материјали">Материјали</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезоскопска физика (страницата не постои)">Мезоскопска</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Физика на полимери (страницата не постои)">Полимери</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Физика на меки материјали (страницата не постои)">Меки</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Физика на цврстите тела (страницата не постои)">Цврсти</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Современа физика">Современа</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физичка космологија">Космологија</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Астрофизика</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нуклеарна астрофизика (страницата не постои)">Нуклеарна</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Небесна механика">Небесна механика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сончева физика">Сончева</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хелиофизика">Хелиофизика</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вселенска физика">Вселенска физика</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Релативистичка механика">Релативност</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Општа релативност">Општа</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Специјална релативност">Специјална</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Честична физика">Честична физика</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Физика на забрзувачи">Забрзувачи</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрочестична физика">Астрочестична</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Јадрена физика">Нуклеарна</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Квантна хромодинамика (страницата не постои)">Квантна хромодинамика</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна механика">Квантна механика</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна електродинамика">Квантна електродинамика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Квантна теорија на полето (страницата не постои)">Квантна теорија на полето</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Квантна гравитација (страницата не постои)">Квантна гравитација</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атомска, молекуларна и оптичка физика">Атомска, молекуларна и оптичка физика</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атомска физика">Атомска физика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Молекуларна физика">Молекуларна физика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика">Оптика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фотоника">Фотоника</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантна оптика">Квантна оптика</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категорија:Применета и меѓудисциплинска физика (страницата не постои)">Меѓудисциплини</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Агрофизика (страницата не постои)">Агрофизика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Биофизика">Биофизика</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Медицинска физика (страницата не постои)">Медицинска</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неврофизика (страницата не постои)">Неврофизика</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Инженерска физика (страницата не постои)">Инженерска</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Геофизика">Геофизика</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атмосферска физика">Атмосферска</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Физика на облаци (страницата не постои)">Облаци</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математичка физика">Математичка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физичка хемија">Физичка хемија</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хемсика физика (страницата не постои)">Хемсика физика</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Квантно сметање">Квантно сметање</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Општествена физика (страницата не постои)">Општествена физика</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Еконофизика">Еконофизика</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Поврзано</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Историја на физиката (страницата не постои)">Историја на физиката</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нобелова награда за физика">Нобелова награда за физика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Времеслед на значајни откритија во физиката (страницата не постои)">Времеслед на физчките откритија</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Теорија на сѐ (страницата не постои)">Теорија на сѐ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-преглед"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Предлошка:Астрономија"><abbr title="Преглед на предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-разговор"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Разговор за предлошка:Астрономија"><abbr title="Разговор за предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-уреди"><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Уредување на предлошкава" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">у</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%">Гранки на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија">астрономијата</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астробиологија">Астробиологија</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрометрија">Астрометрија</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Астрофизика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрохемија">Астрохемија</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вонгалактичка астрономија (страницата не постои)">Вонгалактичка астрономија</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Галактичка астрономија">Галактичка астрономија</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0#Ѕвездена_астрономија" title="Астрономија">Ѕвездена астрономија</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Космологија (страницата не постои)">Космологија</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Космохемија (страницата не постои)">Космохемија</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Орбитална механика (страницата не постои)">Орбитална механика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Планетарна геологија">Планетарна геологија</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Планетологија">Планетологија</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сонце">Сончева астрономија</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физичка космологија">Физичка космологија</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нормативна контрола">Нормативна контрола</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-009032">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Контролен број на Конгресната библиотека">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85009032">sh85009032</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обединета нормативна податотека">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4003326-0">4003326-0</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Национална библиотека на Франција">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119776010">cb119776010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119776010">(податоци)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Национална парламентарна библиотека (Јапонија)">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572869">00572869</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Национална библиотека на Чешка">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118641&CON_LNG=ENG">ph118641</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Национална библиотека на Шпанија">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525286">XX525286</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Преземено од „<a dir="ltr" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Астрофизика&oldid=5275933">https://mk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Астрофизика&oldid=5275933</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специјална:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Астрономија">Астрономија</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Вселена">Вселена</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категорија:Астрофизика">Астрофизика</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скриени категории: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8:_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Категорија:CS1-грешки: недостасува списание">CS1-грешки: недостасува списание</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Категорија:Страници кои користат пст со непознати параметри">Страници кои користат пст со непознати параметри</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(LCCN)" title="Категорија:Википедија:Статии со нормативна контрола (LCCN)">Википедија:Статии со нормативна контрола (LCCN)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(GND)" title="Категорија:Википедија:Статии со нормативна контрола (GND)">Википедија:Статии со нормативна контрола (GND)</a></li><li><a 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