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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Art career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raja_Ravi_Varma_Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raja_Ravi_Varma_Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Raja Ravi Varma Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raja_Ravi_Varma_Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of major works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malayalam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malayalam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Malayalam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malayalam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marathi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marathi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Marathi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marathi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Raja Ravi Varma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Verma" title="Raja Ravi Verma – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Raja Ravi Verma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="راجا رافي فارما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راجا رافي فارما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰাজা ৰবি বৰ্মা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাজা ৰবি বৰ্মা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raya_Ravi_Varma" title="Raya Ravi Varma – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Raya Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="রাজা রবিবর্মা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজা রবিবর্মা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рави Варма – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рави Варма" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Раві Варма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раві Варма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="राजा रवि वर्मा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="राजा रवि वर्मा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Раджа Рави Варма – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Раджа Рави Варма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Varma" title="Ravi Varma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рави Варма – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рави Варма" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1d%C5%BEa_Ravi_Varma" title="Rádža Ravi Varma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rádža Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="राजा रवि वर्मा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="राजा रवि वर्मा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="راجا راوی وارما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راجا راوی وارما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Varm%C3%A2" title="Ravi Varmâ – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ravi Varmâ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE" title="રાજા રવિ વર્મા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રાજા રવિ વર્મા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%90_%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84_%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88" title="라자 라비 바르마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라자 라비 바르마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Ռավի Վարմա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռավի Վարմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="राजा रवि वर्मा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राजा रवि वर्मा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ರಾಜಾ ರವಿ ವರ್ಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಜಾ ರವಿ ವರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="რავი ვარმა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რავი ვარმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%81%D9%95_%D8%B1%D9%8E%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="راجہٕ رَوی وَرما – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="راجہٕ رَوی وَرما" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="राजा रवि वर्मा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="राजा रवि वर्मा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Varm%C3%A2" title="Ravi Varmâ – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ravi Varmâ" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE" title="രാജാ രവിവർമ്മ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാജാ രവിവർമ്മ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="राजा रविवर्मा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राजा रविवर्मा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="راجا رافى فارما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راجا رافى فارما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="राजा रवि वर्मा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राजा रवि वर्मा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E" title="ラヴィ・ヴァルマ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラヴィ・ヴァルマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Varma" title="Ravi Varma – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE" title="ରାଜା ରବି ବର୍ମା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାଜା ରବି ବର୍ମା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਾਜਾ ਰਵੀ ਵਰਮਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜਾ ਰਵੀ ਵਰਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="راجا روی ورما – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="راجا روی ورما" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Varma" title="Ravi Varma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Varma" title="Ravi Varma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Рави Варма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рави Варма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C5%BEa_Ravi_Varma" title="Radža Ravi Varma – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Radža Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Varma" title="Ravi Varma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE" title="ரவி வர்மா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரவி வர்மா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE" title="రాజా రవివర్మ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాజా రవివర్మ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="ราชา รวิ วรรมา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชา รวิ วรรมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Раджа Раві Варма – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Раджа Раві Варма" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="راجا روی ورما – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راجا روی ورما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Raja Ravi Varma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%8D%8E%E7%8E%9B" title="拉贾拉维华玛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉贾拉维华玛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B3%88%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E8%8F%AF%E7%91%AA" title="拉賈拉維華瑪 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉賈拉維華瑪" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC" title="拉贾·拉维·瓦尔马 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉贾·拉维·瓦尔马" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333453#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian painter from Kerala (1848–1906)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Raja Ravi Varma</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravivarma1b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Ravivarma1b.jpg/220px-Ravivarma1b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Ravivarma1b.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="387" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Raja Ravi Varma in 1890s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1848-04-29</span>)</span>29 April 1848<sup id="cite_ref-Joshi1985_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshi1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor" title="Kilimanoor">Kilimanoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 October 1906<span style="display:none">(1906-10-02)</span> (aged 58)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a>, Travancore, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor, Ravi Varma Koil Thampuran</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_College_Thiruvananthapuram" title="University College Thiruvananthapuram">University College Thiruvananthapuram</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">painter, artist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_(Raja_Ravi_Varma)" title="Shakuntala (Raja Ravi Varma)">Shakuntala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_Patra-lekhan" title="Shakuntala Patra-lekhan">Shakuntala Patra-lekhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair_(Varma)" title="Nair Lady Adorning Her Hair (Varma)">Nair Lady Adorning Her Hair</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/There_Comes_Papa" title="There Comes Papa">There Comes Papa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_of_Musicians" title="Galaxy of Musicians">Galaxy of Musicians</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Pooruruttathi Thirunal Bhageerthi Thampuratti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind_Gold_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal">Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Raja_Ravi_Varma_signature.png/150px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Raja_Ravi_Varma_signature.png/225px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Raja_Ravi_Varma_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raja Ravi Varma</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Malayalam:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ml-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">[ɾaːdʒaː<span class="wrap"> </span>ɾɐʋi<span class="wrap"> </span>ʋɐrm(ː)ɐ]</a></span>) (29 April 1848 – 2 October 1906<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was an Indian painter and artist. His works are one of the best examples of the fusion of European <a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">academic art</a> with a purely Indian sensibility and iconography. Especially, he was notable for making affordable <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithographs</a> of his paintings available to the public, which greatly enhanced his reach and influence as a painter and public figure. His lithographs increased the involvement of common people with fine arts and defined artistic tastes among the common people. Furthermore, his religious depictions of Hindu deities and works from <a href="/wiki/Indian_epic_poetry" title="Indian epic poetry">Indian epic poetry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Puranas</a> have received profound acclaim. He was part of the royal family of erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Parappanad" title="Parappanad">Parappanad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram district</a>. </p><p>Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to the royal family of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> of present-day <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> state in India. Later in his life, two of his granddaughters were adopted into the royal family, and their descendants comprise the present royal family of Travancore, including the latest three Maharajas (<a href="/wiki/Chithira_Thirunal_Balarama_Varma" title="Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma">Balarama Varma III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uthradom_Thirunal_Marthanda_Varma" title="Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma">Marthanda Varma III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moolam_Thirunal_Rama_Varma" title="Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma">Rama Varma VII</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raja Ravi Varma was born <a href="/wiki/M._R._Ry." class="mw-redirect" title="M. R. Ry.">M. R. Ry.</a> Ravi Varma, <a href="/wiki/Koyi_Thampuran" title="Koyi Thampuran">Koil Thampuran</a> of Kilimanoor at <a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor_palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilimanoor palace">Kilimanoor palace</a> in the erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-pal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into an aristocratic family that for over 200 years produced consorts for the princesses of the matrilineal Travancore royal family. The title <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> was conferred as a personal title by the Viceroy and Governor-General of India <a href="/wiki/Lord_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Curzon">Lord Curzon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pal_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_There_Comes_Papa_(1893).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_There_Comes_Papa_%281893%29.jpg/220px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_There_Comes_Papa_%281893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_There_Comes_Papa_%281893%29.jpg/330px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_There_Comes_Papa_%281893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_There_Comes_Papa_%281893%29.jpg/440px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_There_Comes_Papa_%281893%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3814" data-file-height="5968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/There_Comes_Papa" title="There Comes Papa"><i>There comes Papa</i></a> (1893), depicting Varma's daughter Mahaprabha with one of her sons</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rani_Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi_of_Travancore_(1848%E2%80%931901).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rani_Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi_of_Travancore_%281848%E2%80%931901%29.jpg/220px-Rani_Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi_of_Travancore_%281848%E2%80%931901%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rani_Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi_of_Travancore_%281848%E2%80%931901%29.jpg/330px-Rani_Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi_of_Travancore_%281848%E2%80%931901%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rani_Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi_of_Travancore_%281848%E2%80%931901%29.jpg/440px-Rani_Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi_of_Travancore_%281848%E2%80%931901%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3790" /></a><figcaption>Varma's sister-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi">Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi</a>, Senior Rani of <a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Travancore">Travancore</a>), who adopted Varma's granddaughters in 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>Ravi Varma was the son of Ezhumavil Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad and Uma Ambabayi Thampurratti. His mother Uma Ambabayi Thampuratty belonged to the baronial family which ruled the Kilimanoor <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">feudal estate</a> within the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. She was a poet and writer of some talent, and her work <i>Parvati Swayamvaram</i> was published by Varma after her death. Ravi Varma's father was a scholar of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> and hailed from the <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a> district in Kerala. Ravi Varma had two siblings, a sister named <a href="/wiki/Mangala_Bayi" title="Mangala Bayi">Mangala Bayi</a> and a brother named <a href="/wiki/C._Raja_Raja_Varma" title="C. Raja Raja Varma">Raja Varma</a> (born 1860). The last-named was also a painter and worked closely with Ravi Varma all his life.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1866, at the age of 18, Varma was married to 12-year-old Bhageerthi Bayi (known formally as Pooruruttati Nal Bhageerathi Bayi Thampuratty) of the royal house of <a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a>, another major <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> of Travancore kingdom. Notably, the house of Mavellikara was a branch of the Royal House of Travancore. Bhageerthi was the youngest of three sisters, and both of her elder sisters had been adopted into the royal family of Travancore in 1857 in order to carry on the lineage. They were known as the Senior and Junior Rani of Attingal, and in their progeny was vested the succession to the throne of Travancore. Therefore, Ravi Varma's connection to the royal family became very close due to his marriage with Bhageerthi. His children (because they belonged to their mother's family) would be royal by birth. The marriage, which was arranged by the parents in the proper Indian manner, was harmonious and successful. The couple had five children, two sons, and three daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma (b.1876) was of an excessively spiritual temperament. He never married and eventually renounced the world, leaving home for good in 1912. The younger son, Rama Varma (born 1879), inherited his father's artistic talent and studied at the <a href="/wiki/JJ_School_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="JJ School of Arts">JJ School of Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>. He was married to Gowri Kunjamma, sister of <a href="/wiki/Dewan" title="Dewan">Dewan</a> <a href="/wiki/PGN_Unnithan" class="mw-redirect" title="PGN Unnithan">PGN Unnithan</a>, and became the father of seven children.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The three daughters of Ravi Varma and Bhageerthi Bayi were Mahaprabha Amma (who features in two of Varma's most famous paintings), Uma Amma (named after Varma's mother) and Cheria Kochamma. In 1900 CE, the Royal House of Travancore once again faced a succession crisis. Bhageerthi's two elder sisters, who had been adopted in order to carry forward the lineage, had failed to produce the desired heirs. They had six children between them, but only two of those survived, and both were boys (who also, incidentally, later died childless). According to the <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> Marumakkathayam system, the succession to the throne could only progress through females, and therefore it was necessary to make an adoption. Tradition dictated that two girls belonging to branches of the Royal Family be adopted together. They would be designated the Senior and Junior Rani of Attingal, and the succession to the throne of Travancore would be vested in their progeny, in accordance with the unusual and unique <a href="/wiki/Marumakkathayam" title="Marumakkathayam">Marumakkathayam</a> system of succession.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Two of Varma's granddaughters were marked by destiny to receive this honour, the main reason being that they were the nearest matrilineal (<a href="/wiki/Cognatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognatic">cognatic</a>) kin to the incumbent Rani of Attingal. In August 1900, Mahaprabha's eldest daughter Lakshmi Bayi (aged 5 years) and Uma's eldest daughter Parvati Bayi (aged 4 years) were adopted into the Royal family of Travancore. It was <a href="/wiki/Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi">Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi</a>, their surviving grand-aunt, who formally adopted them. She died within one year of doing this, and the two girls were then installed as the Senior and Junior Ranis of <a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a> respectively. They were married while yet in their early teens to two gentlemen from suitable aristocratic families. It was the Junior Rani, <a href="/wiki/Sethu_Parvathi_Bayi" title="Sethu Parvathi Bayi">Sethu Parvathi Bayi</a>, who gave birth to the much-awaited heir in 1912, exactly a day after her sixteenth birthday. Incidentally, her husband was a grand-nephew of Raja Ravi Varma and belonged to <a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor_Palace" title="Kilimanoor Palace">Kilimanoor</a>. The newborn child was the future Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Chithira_Thirunal_Balarama_Varma" title="Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma">Chithira Thirunal</a>, the last ruling <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja of Travancore">Maharaja of Travancore</a>. He was followed by a brother (the future Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Uthradom_Thirunal_Marthanda_Varma" title="Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma">Marthanda Varma III</a>) and a sister <a href="/wiki/Karthika_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi">Lakshmi Bayi</a>, the mother of Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Moolam_Thirunal_Rama_Varma" title="Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma">Rama Varma VII</a> who is presently on the throne (since 2013). Meanwhile, the Senior Rani (<a href="/wiki/Sethu_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Sethu Lakshmi Bayi">Sethu Lakshmi Bayi</a>, daughter of Mahaprabha Amma, and Regent from 1924 to 1931) also gave birth to two daughters later in life (in 1923 and 1926).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In this way, the entire present (existing) royal family of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> is descended from Raja Ravi Varma. Well known among his royal descendants are the writers <a href="/wiki/Aswathi_Thirunal_Gowri_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi">Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shreekumar_Varma" title="Shreekumar Varma">Shreekumar Varma</a>, the artist <a href="/wiki/Rukmini_Varma" title="Rukmini Varma">Rukmini Varma</a> and the classical musician <a href="/wiki/Aswathi_Thirunal_Rama_Varma" title="Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma">Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Around Ravi Varma's 57th birthday he announced his decision to accept Sanyasa, and retire from all worldly life when he turned 60. In his final years he suffered from grief for the death of Raja Raja Varma, and also from diabetes, which contributed to his death on 2 October 1906.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_career">Art career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Art career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varma was patronised by <a href="/wiki/Ayilyam_Thirunal" title="Ayilyam Thirunal">Ayilyam Thirunal</a>, the next <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja of Travancore">Maharaja of Travancore</a> and began formal training thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Diary_of_C._Rajaraja_Varma_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Diary_of_C._Rajaraja_Varma-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He learned the basics of painting in <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>. Later, he was trained in water painting by Rama Swami Naidu and rather reluctantly in <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a> by British portraitist Theodore Jenson.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Verma_Studio_Vadodara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Raja_Ravi_Verma_Studio_Vadodara.jpg/220px-Raja_Ravi_Verma_Studio_Vadodara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Raja_Ravi_Verma_Studio_Vadodara.jpg/330px-Raja_Ravi_Verma_Studio_Vadodara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Raja_Ravi_Verma_Studio_Vadodara.jpg/440px-Raja_Ravi_Verma_Studio_Vadodara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3194" data-file-height="1046" /></a><figcaption>The studio used by Varma during his stay at the <a href="/wiki/Laxmi_Vilas_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmi Vilas Palace">Laxmi Vilas Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The British administrator, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Thurston" title="Edgar Thurston">Edgar Thurston</a> was significant in promoting the careers of Varma and his brother.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Varma received widespread acclaim after he won an award for an exhibition of his paintings at Vienna in 1873. Varma's paintings were also sent to the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> held in Chicago in 1893 and he was awarded three gold medals.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He travelled throughout India in search of subjects. He often modelled Hindu <a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddesses</a> on <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">Indian</a> women, whom he considered beautiful. Ravi Varma is particularly noted for his paintings depicting episodes from the story of <a href="/wiki/Dushyanta" title="Dushyanta">Dushyanta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shakuntala" title="Shakuntala">Shakuntala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nala" title="Nala">Nala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damayanti" title="Damayanti">Damayanti</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>. Ravi Varma's representation of <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> characters has become a part of the Indian imagination of the epics. He is often criticized for being too showy and sentimental in his style but his work remains very popular in India. Many of his fabulous paintings are housed at <a href="/wiki/Laxmi_Vilas_Palace,_Vadodara" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara">Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raja_Ravi_Varma_Press">Raja Ravi Varma Press</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Raja Ravi Varma Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Mrs._Ramanadha_Rao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Mrs._Ramanadha_Rao.jpg/220px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Mrs._Ramanadha_Rao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Mrs._Ramanadha_Rao.jpg/330px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Mrs._Ramanadha_Rao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Mrs._Ramanadha_Rao.jpg/440px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Mrs._Ramanadha_Rao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption><i>Mrs. Ramanadha Rao and son</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Apparently on the advice of the then Dewan (Prime Minister) of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._Madhava_Rao" title="T. Madhava Rao">T. Madhava Rao</a>, Ravi Varma started a lithographic printing press in <a href="/wiki/Ghatkopar" title="Ghatkopar">Ghatkopar</a>, Mumbai in 1894 and later shifted it to Malavli near <a href="/wiki/Lonavala" title="Lonavala">Lonavala</a>, Maharashtra in 1899. The <a href="/wiki/Oleographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleographs">oleographs</a> produced by the press were mostly of Hindu gods and goddesses in scenes adapted mainly from the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></i>. These oleographs were very popular and continued to be printed in thousands for many years, even after the 1906 death of Ravi Varma.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Ravi Varma press was the largest and most innovative press in India at that time. The press was managed by Varma's brother, Raja Varma, but under their management, it was a commercial failure. By 1899 the press was deeply in debt and in 1901, the press was sold to his printing technician from Germany, Fritz Schleicher. Schleicher continued to print Ravi Varma's prints but later employed other artists to create new designs. Schleicher also broadened the product of press to include commercial and advertisement labels. Under the management of Schleicher and his successors, the press continued successfully until a devastating fire destroyed the whole factory in 1972. Many of Ravi Varma's original lithographic prints were also lost in the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma_1971_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Raja_Ravi_Varma_1971_stamp_of_India.jpg/220px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_1971_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Raja_Ravi_Varma_1971_stamp_of_India.jpg/330px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_1971_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Raja_Ravi_Varma_1971_stamp_of_India.jpg/440px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_1971_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>Raja Ravi Varma on a 1971 stamp of India</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1904, <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Curzon">Lord Curzon</a>, on behalf of the British King Emperor, bestowed upon Varma the <a href="/wiki/Kaisar-i-Hind_Gold_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal">Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal</a>. A college dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine arts</a> was also constituted in his honour at <a href="/wiki/Mavelikara" class="mw-redirect" title="Mavelikara">Mavelikara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. Raja Ravi Varma High at <a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor" title="Kilimanoor">Kilimanoor</a> was named after him and there are many cultural organizations throughout India bearing his name. In 2013, the crater Varma on <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considering his vast contribution to <a href="/wiki/Indian_art" title="Indian art">Indian art</a>, the Government of Kerala has instituted an award called <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma_Puraskaram" title="Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram">Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram</a>, which is awarded every year to people who show excellence in the field of art and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>On his 65th death anniversary, India Post issued a commemorative postal stamp depicting Ravi Varma and his famous painting 'Damayanti and Swan'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Raja Ravi Varma is sometimes regarded as the first modern Indian artist due to his ability to reconcile Western aesthetics with Indian iconography. The Indian art historian and critic <a href="/wiki/Geeta_Kapur" title="Geeta Kapur">Geeta Kapur</a> wrote, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ravi Varma is the indisputable father figure of modern Indian art. Naive and ambitious at the same time, he opens up the debate for his later compatriots in the specific matter of defining individual genius through professional acumen, of testing modes of cultural adaptation with idiosyncratic effect, of attempting pictorial narration with its historic scope.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Similarly, Baroda School artist <a href="/wiki/Gulam_Mohammed_Sheikh" title="Gulam Mohammed Sheikh">Gulam Mohammed Sheikh</a> also wrote about Ravi Varma as a modern artist. In his essay "Ravi Varma in Baroda", Sheikh asserted that Varma was a key figure in the establishment of Indian modern art, claiming that "the story of contemporary Indian art was never the same after Ravi Varma had entered it. He left his imprint on almost every aspect of it." Like Kapur, Sheikh praised Ravi Varma's integration of Indian and Western aesthetics and techniques, comparing him favorably to Indian modernist <a href="/wiki/Nandalal_Bose" title="Nandalal Bose">Nandalal Bose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Ravi Varma's legacy is controversial. Fellow Baroda School artist and art historian <a href="/wiki/Ratan_Parimoo" title="Ratan Parimoo">Ratan Parimoo</a> saw Ravi Varma in a less favorable light, derogatorily referring to him as kitsch and claiming Varma's work was less spiritually authentic than folk art and tribal art. He argued that Ravi Varma was responsible for the "vulgarity" of popular art, comparing Varma's work to the lurid colors and sexuality of popular images in calendar art and films.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his controversial legacy, Ravi Varma continues to be an important figure for modern and contemporary Indian artists. For example, modern artist <a href="/wiki/Nalini_Malani" title="Nalini Malani">Nalini Malani</a> recreated Ravi Varma's <i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_of_Musicians" title="Galaxy of Musicians">Galaxy of Musicians</a></i> in her video installation <i>Unity in Diversity</i> to interrogate Ravi Varma's idealistic nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, contemporary artist <a href="/wiki/Pushpamala_N." title="Pushpamala N.">Pushpamala N.</a> recreated several Ravi Varma paintings with herself as the subject to deconstruct Ravi Varma's idealized depictions of goddesses and Indian women. </p><p>Many organizations do programs in his memory and give awards in his name. A two days festival of The Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Festival of Arts is annually organized, in his memory at the Durbar Hall in <a href="/wiki/Laxmi_Vilas_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmi Vilas Palace">Laxmi Vilas Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sandesh2022_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandesh2022-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Raja Ravi Varma Award for Excellence in the Field of Visual Arts is presented during this festival. <a href="/wiki/Jayant_Parikh" title="Jayant Parikh">Jayant Parikh</a> was the first recipient.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_major_works">List of major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of the prominent works of Ravi Varma. On the anniversary of what would be his 150th birthday, Google Arts and Culture released over 300 of his works online for everyone to view.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><i>Mohini playing with a ball</i></li> <li><i>Yashoda and Krishna</i></li> <li><i>Village Belle</i></li> <li><i>Lady Lost in Thought</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Damayanti" title="Damayanti">Damayanti</a> Talking to a <a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">Swan</a></i></li> <li><i>The Orchestra</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subhadra" title="Subhadra">Subhadra</a></i></li> <li><i>The heartbroken</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swarbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Swarbat">Swarbat</a> Player</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala,_Raja_Ravi_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakuntala, Raja Ravi Varma">Shakuntala</a></i></li> <li><i>Lord <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> as Ambassador</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jatayu_(Ramayana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatayu (Ramayana)">Jatayu</a>, a bird devotee of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Rama" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Rama">Lord Rama</a> is mauled by <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a></i></li> <li><i>Victory of <a href="/wiki/Indrajit" title="Indrajit">Indrajit</a></i></li> <li><i>The gypsies</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attribution_needed" title="Wikipedia:Attribution needed"><span title="This sentence may contain perspectives and opinions without stating whose they are. (August 2014)">attribution needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i>A Lady Playing <a href="/wiki/Swarbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Swarbat">Swarbat</a></i></li> <li><i>Lady Giving Alms at the Temple</i></li> <li><i>Lord Rama Conquers <a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></i></li> <li><i> Victory of <a href="/wiki/Meghanada" class="mw-redirect" title="Meghanada">Meghanada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nair" title="Nair">Nair</a> Woman</i></li> <li><i>Romancing Couple</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Draupadi" title="Draupadi">Draupadi</a> Dreading to Meet <a href="/wiki/Kichaka" title="Kichaka">Kichaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shantanu" title="Shantanu">Shantanu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matsyagandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyagandha">Matsyagandha</a></i></li> <li><i>Shakuntala Composing a Love Letter to King <a href="/wiki/Dushyanta" title="Dushyanta">Dushyanta</a></i></li> <li><i>Girl in Sage Kanwa's Hermitage (Rishi-Kanya)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi">Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Travancore">Travancore</a></li> <li><i>Sri Shanmukha Subramania Swami</i></li> <li><i>Woman holding a fan</i></li> <li><i>3D painting of the Mysore king on a horse (now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Palace" title="Mysore Palace">Mysore Palace</a>)</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> More at <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Raja_Ravi_Varma" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Raja Ravi Varma">Category:Raja Ravi Varma</a></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shakuntala looking for Dushyanta"><img alt="Shakuntala looking for Dushyanta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg/171px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg/256px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg/342px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Mahabharata_-_Shakuntala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_(Raja_Ravi_Varma)" title="Shakuntala (Raja Ravi Varma)">Shakuntala looking for Dushyanta</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Galaxy_of_Musicians.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galaxy of Musicians"><img alt="Galaxy of Musicians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Galaxy_of_Musicians.jpg/357px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Galaxy_of_Musicians.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Galaxy_of_Musicians.jpg/535px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Galaxy_of_Musicians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Galaxy_of_Musicians.jpg/714px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Galaxy_of_Musicians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_of_Musicians" title="Galaxy of Musicians">Galaxy of Musicians</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sakunthala-pathralekhanam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shakuntala Patra-lekhan"><img alt="Shakuntala Patra-lekhan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sakunthala-pathralekhanam.jpg/411px-Sakunthala-pathralekhanam.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sakunthala-pathralekhanam.jpg/616px-Sakunthala-pathralekhanam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sakunthala-pathralekhanam.jpg/821px-Sakunthala-pathralekhanam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_Patra-lekhan" title="Shakuntala Patra-lekhan">Shakuntala Patra-lekhan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nair Lady Adnoring Her Hair"><img alt="Nair Lady Adnoring Her Hair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair.jpg/187px-Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair.jpg/280px-Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair.jpg/374px-Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair_(Varma)" title="Nair Lady Adorning Her Hair (Varma)"><i>Nair Lady Adnoring Her Hair</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Expectation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Expectation"><img alt="Expectation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Expectation.jpg/186px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Expectation.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Expectation.jpg/279px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Expectation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Expectation.jpg/372px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Expectation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Expectation</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radha_in_the_Moonlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radha in the Moonlight"><img alt="Radha in the Moonlight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Radha_in_the_Moonlight.jpg/201px-Radha_in_the_Moonlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Radha_in_the_Moonlight.jpg/301px-Radha_in_the_Moonlight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Radha_in_the_Moonlight.jpg/402px-Radha_in_the_Moonlight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Radha in the Moonlight</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Princess_Damayanthi_talking_with_Royal_Swan_about_Nala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hamsa Damayanti"><img alt="Hamsa Damayanti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ravi_Varma-Princess_Damayanthi_talking_with_Royal_Swan_about_Nala.jpg/161px-Ravi_Varma-Princess_Damayanthi_talking_with_Royal_Swan_about_Nala.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ravi_Varma-Princess_Damayanthi_talking_with_Royal_Swan_about_Nala.jpg/241px-Ravi_Varma-Princess_Damayanthi_talking_with_Royal_Swan_about_Nala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ravi_Varma-Princess_Damayanthi_talking_with_Royal_Swan_about_Nala.jpg/322px-Ravi_Varma-Princess_Damayanthi_talking_with_Royal_Swan_about_Nala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Hamsa <a href="/wiki/Damayanti" title="Damayanti">Damayanti</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Gypsies_(1893).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gypsies"><img alt="Gypsies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gypsies_%281893%29.jpg/179px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gypsies_%281893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gypsies_%281893%29.jpg/268px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gypsies_%281893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gypsies_%281893%29.jpg/358px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gypsies_%281893%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Gypsies</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Woman_Holding_a_Fruit_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman Holding a Fruit"><img alt="Woman Holding a Fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Woman_Holding_a_Fruit_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/217px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Woman_Holding_a_Fruit_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Woman_Holding_a_Fruit_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/326px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Woman_Holding_a_Fruit_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Woman_Holding_a_Fruit_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/434px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Woman_Holding_a_Fruit_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3816" data-file-height="4921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Woman Holding a Fruit</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sri Shanmukha Subramania Swami"><img alt="Sri Shanmukha Subramania Swami" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/205px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/308px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/410px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2545" data-file-height="3474" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya"><i>Sri Shanmukha Subramania Swami</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saraswati.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saraswati"><img alt="Saraswati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saraswati.jpg/173px-Saraswati.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saraswati.jpg/260px-Saraswati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saraswati.jpg/346px-Saraswati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala"><img alt="Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg/188px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg/283px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Gheevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala_%281905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Gregorios_of_Parumala" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala">Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Descent of Ganga"><img alt="Descent of Ganga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg/204px-Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg/305px-Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg/407px-Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Descent of <a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Krishna_as_Envoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sri Krishna as Envoy"><img alt="Sri Krishna as Envoy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sri_Krishna_as_Envoy.jpg/203px-Sri_Krishna_as_Envoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sri_Krishna_as_Envoy.jpg/304px-Sri_Krishna_as_Envoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sri_Krishna_as_Envoy.jpg/405px-Sri_Krishna_as_Envoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Sri Krishna as Envoy</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jatayu fights Ravana"><img alt="Jatayu fights Ravana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg/194px-Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg/291px-Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg/389px-Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jatayu" title="Jatayu">Jatayu</a> fights <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Lady_Giving_Alms_at_the_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lady giving alms in a temple"><img alt="Lady giving alms in a temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ravi_Varma-Lady_Giving_Alms_at_the_Temple.jpg/188px-Ravi_Varma-Lady_Giving_Alms_at_the_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ravi_Varma-Lady_Giving_Alms_at_the_Temple.jpg/282px-Ravi_Varma-Lady_Giving_Alms_at_the_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ravi_Varma-Lady_Giving_Alms_at_the_Temple.jpg/376px-Ravi_Varma-Lady_Giving_Alms_at_the_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lady giving alms in a temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Stolen_Interview.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stolen Interview"><img alt="Stolen Interview" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Stolen_Interview.jpg/202px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Stolen_Interview.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Stolen_Interview.jpg/303px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Stolen_Interview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Stolen_Interview.jpg/404px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Stolen_Interview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Stolen Interview</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_The_Maharashtrian_Lady.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Maharashtrian Lady"><img alt="The Maharashtrian Lady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_The_Maharashtrian_Lady.jpg/195px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_The_Maharashtrian_Lady.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_The_Maharashtrian_Lady.jpg/292px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_The_Maharashtrian_Lady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_The_Maharashtrian_Lady.jpg/389px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_The_Maharashtrian_Lady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4655" data-file-height="6695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Maharashtrian Lady</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rama-Varuna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rama vanquishing the ocean"><img alt="Rama vanquishing the ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rama-Varuna.jpg/208px-Rama-Varuna.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rama-Varuna.jpg/311px-Rama-Varuna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Rama-Varuna.jpg/415px-Rama-Varuna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="1065" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> vanquishing the ocean</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohini_on_a_swing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mohini on a swing"><img alt="Mohini on a swing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mohini_on_a_swing.jpg/200px-Mohini_on_a_swing.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mohini_on_a_swing.jpg/300px-Mohini_on_a_swing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mohini_on_a_swing.jpg/400px-Mohini_on_a_swing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3660" data-file-height="5119" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a> on a swing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 139.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 137.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Draupadi_Vastraharan,_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Disrobing of Draupadi"><img alt="Disrobing of Draupadi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Draupadi_Vastraharan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/206px-Draupadi_Vastraharan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Draupadi_Vastraharan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/309px-Draupadi_Vastraharan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Draupadi_Vastraharan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/413px-Draupadi_Vastraharan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Disrobing of Draupadi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sita Bhumi Pravesh"><img alt="Sita Bhumi Pravesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg/361px-Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg/542px-Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="465" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Sita Bhumi Pravesh</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 296px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 294px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Draupadi_humiliated_RRV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Draupadi being humiliated in the court of Virata"><img alt="Draupadi being humiliated in the court of Virata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Draupadi_humiliated_RRV.jpg/441px-Draupadi_humiliated_RRV.jpg" decoding="async" width="294" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Draupadi_humiliated_RRV.jpg/661px-Draupadi_humiliated_RRV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Draupadi_humiliated_RRV.jpg/881px-Draupadi_humiliated_RRV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Draupadi" title="Draupadi">Draupadi</a> being humiliated in the court of <a href="/wiki/Virata" title="Virata">Virata</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yashoda_with_Krishna,_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Krishna with Yashoda"><img alt="Krishna with Yashoda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Yashoda_with_Krishna%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/227px-Yashoda_with_Krishna%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Yashoda_with_Krishna%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/340px-Yashoda_with_Krishna%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Yashoda_with_Krishna%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/454px-Yashoda_with_Krishna%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> with <a href="/wiki/Yashoda" title="Yashoda">Yashoda</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Village_Belle,_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Village Belle"><img alt="Village Belle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Village_Belle%2C_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/160px-Village_Belle%2C_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Village_Belle%2C_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/240px-Village_Belle%2C_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Village_Belle%2C_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/320px-Village_Belle%2C_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="2330" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Village Belle</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 143.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 141.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victory_of_Meghanada_by_RRV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victory of Meghanada"><img alt="Victory of Meghanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Victory_of_Meghanada_by_RRV.jpg/212px-Victory_of_Meghanada_by_RRV.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Victory_of_Meghanada_by_RRV.jpg/318px-Victory_of_Meghanada_by_RRV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Victory_of_Meghanada_by_RRV.jpg/425px-Victory_of_Meghanada_by_RRV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4395" data-file-height="5796" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Victory of <a href="/wiki/Meghanada" class="mw-redirect" title="Meghanada">Meghanada</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Malabar_Lady.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malabar Lady or Swarbat Player"><img alt="Malabar Lady or Swarbat Player" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Malabar_Lady.jpg/186px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Malabar_Lady.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Malabar_Lady.jpg/279px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Malabar_Lady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Malabar_Lady.jpg/372px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Malabar_Lady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Malabar Lady</i> or <i>Swarbat Player</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Keechaka_and_Sairandhri,_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Keechaka and Sairandhri"><img alt="Keechaka and Sairandhri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Keechaka_and_Sairandhri%2C_1890.jpg/199px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Keechaka_and_Sairandhri%2C_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Keechaka_and_Sairandhri%2C_1890.jpg/299px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Keechaka_and_Sairandhri%2C_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Keechaka_and_Sairandhri%2C_1890.jpg/399px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Keechaka_and_Sairandhri%2C_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3511" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Keechaka and Sairandhri</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Shantanu_and_Satyavati.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shantanu and Matsyagandha"><img alt="Shantanu and Matsyagandha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ravi_Varma-Shantanu_and_Satyavati.jpg/190px-Ravi_Varma-Shantanu_and_Satyavati.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ravi_Varma-Shantanu_and_Satyavati.jpg/285px-Ravi_Varma-Shantanu_and_Satyavati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ravi_Varma-Shantanu_and_Satyavati.jpg/380px-Ravi_Varma-Shantanu_and_Satyavati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Shantanu and Matsyagandha</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Arjuna_and_Subhadra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arjuna and Subhadra"><img alt="Arjuna and Subhadra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ravi_Varma-Arjuna_and_Subhadra.jpg/184px-Ravi_Varma-Arjuna_and_Subhadra.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ravi_Varma-Arjuna_and_Subhadra.jpg/277px-Ravi_Varma-Arjuna_and_Subhadra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Ravi_Varma-Arjuna_and_Subhadra.jpg/369px-Ravi_Varma-Arjuna_and_Subhadra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Arjuna and Subhadra</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_holading_a_fan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woman holding a fan"><img alt="Woman holding a fan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Woman_holading_a_fan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/188px-Woman_holading_a_fan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Woman_holading_a_fan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/281px-Woman_holading_a_fan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Woman_holading_a_fan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/375px-Woman_holading_a_fan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Woman holding a fan</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ladies_in_the_moonlight_by_RRV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Damayanti and her maid in the moonlight"><img alt="Damayanti and her maid in the moonlight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ladies_in_the_moonlight_by_RRV.jpg/211px-Ladies_in_the_moonlight_by_RRV.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ladies_in_the_moonlight_by_RRV.jpg/316px-Ladies_in_the_moonlight_by_RRV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ladies_in_the_moonlight_by_RRV.jpg/422px-Ladies_in_the_moonlight_by_RRV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Damayanti and her maid in the moonlight</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Shakuntala_lost_in_thoughts_(1901).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shakuntala lost in thoughts"><img alt="Shakuntala lost in thoughts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Shakuntala_lost_in_thoughts_%281901%29.jpg/203px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Shakuntala_lost_in_thoughts_%281901%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Shakuntala_lost_in_thoughts_%281901%29.jpg/305px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Shakuntala_lost_in_thoughts_%281901%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Shakuntala_lost_in_thoughts_%281901%29.jpg/407px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Shakuntala_lost_in_thoughts_%281901%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5799" data-file-height="7982" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Shakuntala lost in thoughts</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Ravi_Varma,_Disappointing_News.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Disappointing News"><img alt="Disappointing News" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Disappointing_News.jpg/361px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Disappointing_News.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Disappointing_News.jpg/541px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Disappointing_News.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Disappointing_News.jpg/721px-Raja_Ravi_Varma%2C_Disappointing_News.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3344" data-file-height="2597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Disappointing News</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/J._Sasikumar" title="J. Sasikumar">J. Sasikumar</a> made <i>Raja Ravi Varma</i>, an Indian documentary television film on the artist in 1997. It was produced by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Films_Division_of_India" title="Films Division of India">Films Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Makaramanju" title="Makaramanju">Makaramanju</a></i> (English: <i>The Mist of Capricorn</i>) is a 2011 Indian <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>-language romantic drama film by <a href="/wiki/Lenin_Rajendran" title="Lenin Rajendran">Lenin Rajendran</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Santosh_Sivan" title="Santosh Sivan">Santosh Sivan</a> as Varma, the film focuses on Varma's painting "Urvashi Pururavas".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2014 Indian Hindi-language film, <i><a href="/wiki/Rang_Rasiya" title="Rang Rasiya">Rang Rasiya</a></i> (English title: <i>Colours of Passion</i>) explores Varma's inspiration behind his paintings with <a href="/wiki/Randeep_Hooda" title="Randeep Hooda">Randeep Hooda</a> in the role of the painter.<sup id="cite_ref-hooda_paint_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hooda_paint-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 3- A Divine Omnipresence by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2024 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781636409344" title="Special:BookSources/9781636409344">9781636409344</a></li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 2- A Resonant Impression by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, Nov 2023 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781636409085" title="Special:BookSources/9781636409085">9781636409085</a></li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma: An Everlasting Imprint; Volume 1- The Shaping of an Artist by Ganesh V. Shivaswamy, Pub: White Falcon, Chandigarh, March 2023 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781636408460" title="Special:BookSources/9781636408460">9781636408460</a></li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma: Painter of Colonial Indian by Rupika Chawla, Pub: Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, March 2010.</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma – Oleographs Catalogue by D.Jegat Ishwari, Pub: ShriParasuraman, Chennai, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788191002614" title="Special:BookSources/9788191002614">9788191002614</a></li> <li>Ravi Varma Classic: 2008, Genesis Art Foundation, Cochin-18;45 colour plate with text by <a href="/wiki/Vijayakumar_Menon" title="Vijayakumar Menon">Vijayakumar Menon</a>.</li> <li>The Painter: A life of Ravi Varma by Deepanjana Pal Random House India, 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184002614" title="Special:BookSources/9788184002614">9788184002614</a></li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma – The Most Celebrated Painter of India: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2007</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma – The Painter Prince: 1848–1906, Parsram Mangharam, Bangalore, 2003</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Gods of India, Erwin Neumayer & Christine Schelberger, New Delhi, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2003</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma: The Most Celebrated Painter of India : 1848 – 1906, Classic Collection, Vol I & II. Bangalore, Parsram Mangharam, 2005</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma: Portrait of an Artist, The Diary of C. Raja Raja Varma/edited by Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger. New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2005</li> <li>Divine Lithography, Enrico Castelli and Giovanni Aprile, New Delhi, Il Tamburo Parlante Documentation Centre and Ethnographic Museum, 2005</li> <li>Photos of the Gods: The Printed Image and Political Struggle in India by Christopher Pinney. London, Reaktion Book, 2004</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma:Raja Ravi Varma:E.M Joseph Venniyur, former director of AIR</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma: A Novel, Ranjit Desai -Translated by Vikrant Pande, Pub: Harper Perennial (2013), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789350296615" title="Special:BookSources/9789350296615">9789350296615</a></li> <li>Pages of a Mind: Life and Expressions, Raja Ravi Varma, Pub: Piramal Art Foundation (2016), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788193066805" title="Special:BookSources/9788193066805">9788193066805</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malayalam">Malayalam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Malayalam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ravi Varma – A critical study by Vijayakumar Menon, Pub: Kerala Lalitha Kala Akademy, Trissur, 2002</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varmayum chitrkalayum, <a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor_Chandran" title="Kilimanoor Chandran">Kilimanoor Chandran</a>, Department of Cultural Publications, Kerala Government, 1999.</li> <li>Chithramezhuthu Koyithampuran, P. N. Narayana Pillai.</li> <li>Raja Ravi Varma, N. Balakrishnan Nair.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marathi">Marathi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marathi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Raja Ravi Varma", a novel by <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a> novelist <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Desai" title="Ranjit Desai">Ranjit Desai</a> translated into English by Vikrant Pande.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Joshi1985-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joshi1985_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi1985" class="citation book cs1">Joshi, Om Prakash (1985). <i>Sociology of Indian art</i>. Rawat Publications. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociology+of+Indian+art&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Rawat+Publications&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Om+Prakash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tt_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK.R.N._Swamy2002" class="citation news cs1">K.R.N. Swamy (28 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main2.htm">"A great painter, no doubt, but controversial too"</a>. Spectrum–The Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028002358/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+great+painter%2C+no+doubt%2C+but+controversial+too&rft.date=2002-04-28&rft.au=K.R.N.+Swamy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2002%2F20020428%2Fspectrum%2Fmain2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nagam Aiya, The Travancore State Manual</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150418162418/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900840200.htm">"Restoring works of art"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 19 July 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900840200.htm">the original</a> on 18 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Restoring+works+of+art&rft.date=2005-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2F2005%2F07%2F19%2Fstories%2F2005071900840200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianculture.gov.in/stories/lord-padmanabha-and-his-dasas">Lord Padmanabha and his dasas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208125023/https://indianculture.gov.in/stories/lord-padmanabha-and-his-dasas">Archived</a> 8 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>indianculture.gov.in</i>. Retrieved 31 July 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pal-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pal_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pal_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPAL2011" class="citation book cs1">PAL, DEEPANJANA (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BRZ-013-2bQC"><i>THE PAINTER</i></a>. Random House India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184002614" title="Special:BookSources/9788184002614"><bdi>9788184002614</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+PAINTER&rft.pub=Random+House+India&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9788184002614&rft.aulast=PAL&rft.aufirst=DEEPANJANA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBRZ-013-2bQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Diary_of_C._Rajaraja_Varma-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Diary_of_C._Rajaraja_Varma_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Diary of C. Rajaraja Varma"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main2.htm">"The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum – Article"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207075427/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sunday+Tribune+%E2%80%93+Spectrum+%E2%80%93+Article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2002%2F20020428%2Fspectrum%2Fmain2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitter1994" class="citation book cs1">Mitter, Partha (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mRTtkri8E0C&pg=PA69"><i>Art and Nationalism in Colonial India, 1850-1922: Occidental Orientations</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 69, 193, 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52144-354-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52144-354-8"><bdi>978-0-52144-354-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Nationalism+in+Colonial+India%2C+1850-1922%3A+Occidental+Orientations&rft.pages=69%2C+193%2C+208&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-52144-354-8&rft.aulast=Mitter&rft.aufirst=Partha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mRTtkri8E0C%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kilimanoor Chandran, <i>Ravi Varmayum Chitrakalayum</i>(in Malayalam), Department of Culture, Kerala, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVadodara" class="citation web cs1">Vadodara, Lakshmi Vilas Palace. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030504/http://www.historyofvadodara.in/2008/05/Raja-Ravi-Varma-Paintings-Vadodara.html">"Raja Ravi Varma Paintings, Vadodara"</a>. <i>historyofvadodara.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofvadodara.in/2008/05/Raja-Ravi-Varma-Paintings-Vadodara.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historyofvadodara.in&rft.atitle=Raja+Ravi+Varma+Paintings%2C+Vadodara&rft.aulast=Vadodara&rft.aufirst=Lakshmi+Vilas+Palace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofvadodara.in%2F2008%2F05%2FRaja-Ravi-Varma-Paintings-Vadodara.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2012" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Richard (2012). <i>Gods in Print: Masterpiece of India's Mythological Art</i>. San Rafael, California: Mandala Publishing. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781608871094" title="Special:BookSources/9781608871094"><bdi>9781608871094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+in+Print%3A+Masterpiece+of+India%27s+Mythological+Art&rft.place=San+Rafael%2C+California&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Mandala+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781608871094&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15146">"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature"</a>. <i>Planetarynames.we.ugs.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207073952/https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15146">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planetarynames.we.ugs.gov&rft.atitle=Gazetteer+of+Planetary+Nomenclature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2FFeature%2F15146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/raja-ravi-varma-award/article8221352.ece">"Raja Ravi Varma Award"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 11 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207073950/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/raja-ravi-varma-award/article8221352.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Raja+Ravi+Varma+Award&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FThiruvananthapuram%2Fraja-ravi-varma-award%2Farticle8221352.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapur2000" class="citation book cs1">Kapur, Geeta (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.aaa.org.hk/_source/digital_collection/fedora_extracted/10349.pdf"><i>What Was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Practice in India</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New Delhi: Tulika. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-89487-24-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-89487-24-8"><bdi>81-89487-24-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822222555/https://cdn.aaa.org.hk/_source/digital_collection/fedora_extracted/10349.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Was+Modernism%3A+Essays+on+Contemporary+Cultural+Practice+in+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Tulika&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=81-89487-24-8&rft.aulast=Kapur&rft.aufirst=Geeta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.aaa.org.hk%2F_source%2Fdigital_collection%2Ffedora_extracted%2F10349.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheikh" class="citation web cs1">Sheikh, Gulam Mohammed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.aaa.org.hk/_source/gms-ms-ravivarma.pdf">"Ravi Varma in Baroda"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asia Art Archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207073951/https://cdn.aaa.org.hk/_source/gms-ms-ravivarma.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Art+Archive&rft.atitle=Ravi+Varma+in+Baroda&rft.aulast=Sheikh&rft.aufirst=Gulam+Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.aaa.org.hk%2F_source%2Fgms-ms-ravivarma.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParimoo1975" class="citation news cs1">Parimoo, Ratan (16 November 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/archive/ratan-parimoo-archive-newspaper-articles-5571/object/kitsch-the-vulgarisation-of-art">"Kitsch: The Vulgarisation of Art"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822222556/https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/archive/ratan-parimoo-archive-newspaper-articles-5571/object/kitsch-the-vulgarisation-of-art">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Kitsch%3A+The+Vulgarisation+of+Art&rft.date=1975-11-16&rft.aulast=Parimoo&rft.aufirst=Ratan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaa.org.hk%2Fen%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2Farchive%2Fratan-parimoo-archive-newspaper-articles-5571%2Fobject%2Fkitsch-the-vulgarisation-of-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParimoo" class="citation web cs1">Parimoo, Ratan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.aaa.org.hk/_source/digital_collection/fedora_extracted/40635.pdf">"Pop Art with Religious Motifs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asia Art Archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303084503/https://cdn.aaa.org.hk/_source/digital_collection/fedora_extracted/40635.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Art+Archive&rft.atitle=Pop+Art+with+Religious+Motifs&rft.aulast=Parimoo&rft.aufirst=Ratan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.aaa.org.hk%2F_source%2Fdigital_collection%2Ffedora_extracted%2F40635.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsian_Art_Department" class="citation web cs1">Asian Art Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/60.2012.a-r/">"Unity in Diversity"</a>. <i>Art Gallery of New South Wales</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207073928/https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/60.2012.a-r/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+Gallery+of+New+South+Wales&rft.atitle=Unity+in+Diversity&rft.au=Asian+Art+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artgallery.nsw.gov.au%2Fcollection%2Fworks%2F60.2012.a-r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/gaekwads-two-day-arts-festival-in-ranjitsinhs-memory/articleshow/89980356.cms">"Gaekwads' Two-day Arts Festival in Ranjitsinh's Memory | Vadodara News – Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 4 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125121019/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/gaekwads-two-day-arts-festival-in-ranjitsinhs-memory/articleshow/89980356.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gaekwads%27+Two-day+Arts+Festival+in+Ranjitsinh%27s+Memory+%7C+Vadodara+News+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fvadodara%2Fgaekwads-two-day-arts-festival-in-ranjitsinhs-memory%2Farticleshow%2F89980356.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandesh2022-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sandesh2022_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esandesh.gumlet.io/epaper/2022/03/11/374-1646956775-7.jpg?w=800">"Event mentioned in Gujarati Language News Paper"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230208091318/https://esandesh.gumlet.io/epaper/2022/03/11/374-1646956775-7.jpg?w=800">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Event+mentioned+in+Gujarati+Language+News+Paper.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesandesh.gumlet.io%2Fepaper%2F2022%2F03%2F11%2F374-1646956775-7.jpg%3Fw%3D800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mctears.co.uk/auction/lot/lot-122---jayant-parikh-indian-b-1940/?lot=281867&so=0&st=&sto=0&au=1534&ef=&et=&ic=False&sd=0&pp=96&pn=2&g=1#:~:text=Raja%20Ravi%20Varma%20Award">"Jayant Parikh got Raja Ravi Varma Award Ref. by Mctears"</a>. <i>mctears.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405225839/https://www.mctears.co.uk/auction/lot/lot-122---jayant-parikh-indian-b-1940/?lot=281867&so=0&st=&sto=0&au=1534&ef=&et=&ic=False&sd=0&pp=96&pn=2&g=1#:~:text=Raja%20Ravi%20Varma%20Award">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mctears.co.uk&rft.atitle=Jayant+Parikh+got+Raja+Ravi+Varma+Award+Ref.+by+Mctears&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mctears.co.uk%2Fauction%2Flot%2Flot-122---jayant-parikh-indian-b-1940%2F%3Flot%3D281867%26so%3D0%26st%3D%26sto%3D0%26au%3D1534%26ef%3D%26et%3D%26ic%3DFalse%26sd%3D0%26pp%3D96%26pn%3D2%26g%3D1%23%3A~%3Atext%3DRaja%2520Ravi%2520Varma%2520Award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jayantparikh.com/Awards9.html#RaviVerma">"Jayant Parikh – Awards"</a>. <i>jayantparikh.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125121014/http://www.jayantparikh.com/Awards9.html#RaviVerma">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jayantparikh.com&rft.atitle=Jayant+Parikh+%E2%80%93+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jayantparikh.com%2FAwards9.html%23RaviVerma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/raja-ravi-varma/m03p0s9">"Raja Ravi Varma"</a>. <i>Google Arts & Culture</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406173025/https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/raja-ravi-varma/m03p0s9">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Arts+%26+Culture&rft.atitle=Raja+Ravi+Varma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fentity%2Fraja-ravi-varma%2Fm03p0s9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmsdivision.org/shop/raja-ravi-verma">"Raja Ravi Verma | Films Division"</a>. <i>filmsdivision.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407014725/https://filmsdivision.org/shop/raja-ravi-verma">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=filmsdivision.org&rft.atitle=Raja+Ravi+Verma+%7C+Films+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmsdivision.org%2Fshop%2Fraja-ravi-verma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajadhyakshaWillemen1999" class="citation book cs1">Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema</i></a></span>. British Film Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851706696" title="Special:BookSources/9780851706696"><bdi>9780851706696</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+cinema&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780851706696&rft.aulast=Rajadhyaksha&rft.aufirst=Ashish&rft.au=Willemen%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopaediaofi0000raja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoyesh_H._Rawther2010" class="citation news cs1">Soyesh H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Malayalam+film+makers+plan+alternative+screening+outside+IFFI+venues&rft.date=2010-10-19&rft.au=Soyesh+H.+Rawther&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Farts%2Fcinema%2Farticle837968.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hooda_paint-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hooda_paint_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagarajan2007" class="citation news cs1">Nagarajan, Saraswathy (29 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108031535/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/09/29/stories/2007092950850100.htm">"Portrait of an artist"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/09/29/stories/2007092950850100.htm">the original</a> on 8 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Portrait+of+an+artist&rft.date=2007-09-29&rft.aulast=Nagarajan&rft.aufirst=Saraswathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fmp%2F2007%2F09%2F29%2Fstories%2F2007092950850100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaja+Ravi+Varma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" class="extiw" title="commons:Raja Ravi Varma"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Raja Ravi Varma</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Raja_Ravi_Varma" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Raja Ravi Varma">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-ganesh-shivaswamy-foundation">The largest collection of chromolithographs from the Ravi Varma Press which may be viewed in Hi-resolution</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkitham_Narayanan" title="Akkitham Narayanan">Akkitham Narayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Ramachandran" title="A. Ramachandran">A. Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Nair" title="A. S. Nair">A. S. Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiju_Parthan" title="Baiju Parthan">Baiju Parthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balan_Nambiar" title="Balan Nambiar">Balan Nambiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bose_Krishnamachari" title="Bose Krishnamachari">Bose Krishnamachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Ra" title="C. K. Ra">C. K. Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._Karunakaran" title="C. N. Karunakaran">C. N. Karunakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitish_Kallat" title="Jitish Kallat">Jitish Kallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._A._Francis" title="K. A. Francis">K. A. Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavitha_Balakrishnan" title="Kavitha Balakrishnan">Kavitha Balakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._C._S._Paniker" title="K. C. S. Paniker">K. C. S. Paniker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._Subramanyan" title="K. G. Subramanyan">K. G. Subramanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Janardanan" title="K. Janardanan">Artist Janardanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Madhava_Menon" title="K. Madhava Menon">K. Madhava Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._V._Devan" title="M. V. Devan">M. V. Devan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namboothiri_(artist)" title="Namboothiri (artist)">Artist Namboothiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_Sivakumar" title="Mini Sivakumar">Mini Sivakumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._N._Rimzon" title="N. N. Rimzon">N. N. Rimzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Viswanathan" title="Paris Viswanathan">Paris Viswanathan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raja Ravi Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyaz_Komu" class="mw-redirect" title="Riyaz Komu">Riyaz Komu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajitha_R_Shankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sajitha R Shankar">Sajitha R Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekar_Ayyanthole" title="Sekar Ayyanthole">Sekar Ayyanthole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jithesh" title="S. Jithesh">S. Jithesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosa_Joseph" title="Sosa Joseph">Sosa Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendran_Nair" title="Surendran Nair">Surendran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._Padmini" title="T. K. Padmini">T. K. Padmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Santhosh" title="T. V. Santhosh">T. V. Santhosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Valiathan" title="V. S. Valiathan">V. S. Valiathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Arakkal" title="Yusuf Arakkal">Yusuf Arakkal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="padding-right:0.75em;"></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Raja_Ravi_Varma35" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Template:Raja Ravi Varma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Template talk:Raja Ravi Varma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Raja Ravi Varma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Raja_Ravi_Varma35" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raja Ravi Varma</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_Patra-lekhan" title="Shakuntala Patra-lekhan">Shakuntala Patra-lekhan</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nair_Lady_Adorning_Her_Hair_(Varma)" title="Nair Lady Adorning Her Hair (Varma)">Nair Lady Adorning Her Hair</a></i> (1873)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_of_Musicians" title="Galaxy of Musicians">Galaxy of Musicians</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/There_Comes_Papa" title="There Comes Papa">There Comes Papa</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_(Raja_Ravi_Varma)" title="Shakuntala (Raja Ravi Varma)">Shakuntala</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reclining_Nayar_lady" title="Reclining Nayar lady">Reclining Nayar lady</a></i> (1902)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rang_Rasiya" title="Rang Rasiya">Rang Rasiya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom_of_Travancore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom of Travancore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kingdom_of_Travancore520" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Travancore">Kingdom of Travancore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travancore_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore Rebellion">Travancore Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_invasion_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore invasion of Kerala">Mysore invasion of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channar_revolt" title="Channar revolt">Upper Cloth Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Entry_Proclamation" title="Temple Entry Proclamation">Temple Entry Proclamation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Travancore_royal_family" title="Travancore royal family">Royal family</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Travancore" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja of Travancore">Maharajas</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Anizham Thirunal Veerabaala Marthanda Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Raja" title="Dharma Raja">Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avittom_Thirunal_Balarama_Varma" title="Avittom Thirunal Balarama Varma">Avittom Thirunal Balarama Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowri_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Gowri Lakshmi Bayi">Gowri Lakshmi Bayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowri_Parvati_Bayi" title="Gowri Parvati Bayi">Gowri Parvati Bayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swathi_Thirunal_Rama_Varma" title="Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma">Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthram_Thirunal_Marthanda_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthram Thirunal Marthanda Varma">Uthram Thirunal Marthanda Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayilyam_Thirunal" title="Ayilyam Thirunal">Ayilyam Thirunal Rama Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakham_Thirunal" title="Visakham Thirunal">Visakham Thirunal Rama Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moolam_Thirunal" title="Moolam Thirunal">Sree Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sethu_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Sethu Lakshmi Bayi">Sethu Lakshmi Bayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chithira_Thirunal_Balarama_Varma" title="Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma">Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthradom_Thirunal_Marthanda_Varma" title="Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma">Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moolam_Thirunal_Rama_Varma" title="Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma">Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chiefs & Leading Families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thachudaya_Kaimal" title="Thachudaya Kaimal">Thachudaya Kaimal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dalawas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayyan_Dalawa" title="Ramayyan Dalawa">Ramayyan Dalawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Gopalayyan" title="Krishna Gopalayyan">Krishna Gopalayyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Kesavadas" title="Raja Kesavadas">Raja Kesavadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velu_Thampi_Dalawa" title="Velu Thampi Dalawa">Velu Thampi Dalawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raman_Menon" title="Raman Menon">Raman Menon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reddy_Row" title="Reddy Row">Reddy Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Venkata_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="T. Venkata Rao">T. Venkata Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_Subha_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanjavur Subha Rao">Thanjavur Subha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Ranga_Rao" title="R. Ranga Rao">T. Ranga Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Rao_(administrator)" title="Krishna Rao (administrator)">Krishna Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Madhava_Rao" title="T. Madhava Rao">T. Madhava Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Seshayya_Sastri" title="A. Seshayya Sastri">A. Seshayya Sastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoo_Pillai" title="Nanoo Pillai">Nanoo Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Ramiengar" title="V. Ramiengar">V. Ramiengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Rama_Rao_(administrator)" title="T. Rama Rao (administrator)">T. Rama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Shungrasoobyer" title="S. Shungrasoobyer">S. Shungrasoobyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Krishnaswamy_Rao" title="K. Krishnaswamy Rao">K. Krishnaswamy Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Madhava_Rao" title="V. P. Madhava Rao">V. P. Madhava Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Gopalachari" title="S. Gopalachari">S. Gopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Nagam_Aiya" title="V. Nagam Aiya">V. Nagam Aiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Rajagopalachari" title="P. Rajagopalachari">P. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Krishnan_Nair_(politician)" title="M. Krishnan Nair (politician)">M. Krishnan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Raghavaiah" title="T. Raghavaiah">T. Raghavaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Watts" title="M. E. Watts">M. E. Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Subramanya_Iyer" title="V. S. Subramanya Iyer">V. S. Subramanya Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Austin_(civil_servant)" title="Thomas Austin (civil servant)">Thomas Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Habibullah" title="Muhammad Habibullah">Muhammad Habibullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._P._Ramaswami_Iyer" title="C. P. Ramaswami Iyer">C. P. Ramaswami Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._G._N._Unnithan" title="P. G. N. Unnithan">P. G. N. Unnithan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Travancore#Administrative_divisions" title="Travancore">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Division_(Travancore)" title="Northern Division (Travancore)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Division_(Travancore)" title="Central Division (Travancore)">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Division_(Travancore)" title="Southern Division (Travancore)">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivandrum_Division" title="Trivandrum Division">Trivandrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanakakkunnu_Palace" title="Kanakakkunnu Palace">Kanakakkunnu Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowdiar_Palace" title="Kowdiar Palace">Kowdiar Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnapuram_Palace" title="Krishnapuram Palace">Krishnapuram Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram" title="Padmanabhapuram">Padmanabhapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Padmanabhaswamy_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple">Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Moolam_Thirunal_Palace" title="Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace">Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevally_Palace" title="Thevally Palace">Thevally Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Fort" title="Udayagiri Fort">Udayagiri Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thachudaya_Kaimal" title="Thachudaya Kaimal">Thachudaya Kaimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Varma_Valiya_Koil_Thampuran" title="Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran">Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._V._Raja" title="G. V. Raja">G. V. Raja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raja Ravi Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharani_Thirunal_Lakshmi_Bayi" title="Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi">Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammachi_Panapillai_Amma" title="Ammachi Panapillai Amma">Ammachi Panapillai Amma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thampi_and_Thankachi" title="Thampi and Thankachi">Thampi and Thankachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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