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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Elektromagnetické_záření" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektromagnetické_záření"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Elektromagnetické záření</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektromagnetické_záření-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobecnění" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobecnění"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zobecnění</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobecnění-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dualita částice a vlnění</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 61 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus" title="Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85" title="مثنوية موجة-جسيم – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مثنوية موجة-جسيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualid%C3%A1_onda_corp%C3%BAsculu" title="Dualidá onda corpúsculu – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dualidá onda corpúsculu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korpuskulyar_dal%C4%9Fa_dualizmi" title="Korpuskulyar dalğa dualizmi – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Korpuskulyar dalğa dualizmi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Карпускулярна-хвалевы дуалізм – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карпускулярна-хвалевы дуалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Корпускулярно-вълнов дуализъм – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корпускулярно-вълнов дуализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="তরঙ্গ-কণা দ্বৈততা – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তরঙ্গ-কণা দ্বৈততা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualitat_ona-part%C3%ADcula" title="Dualitat ona-partícula – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dualitat ona-partícula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Корпускула-хум дуализмĕ – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Корпускула-хум дуализмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikel-b%C3%B8lge_dualitet" title="Partikel-bølge dualitet – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Partikel-bølge dualitet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus" title="Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CF%85%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Κυματοσωματιδιακός δυϊσμός – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυματοσωματιδιακός δυϊσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality" title="Wave–particle duality – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wave–particle duality" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualidad_onda_corp%C3%BAsculo" title="Dualidad onda corpúsculo – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dualidad onda corpúsculo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korpuskulaar-laineline_dualism" title="Korpuskulaar-laineline dualism – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korpuskulaar-laineline dualism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhin-partikula_dualtasuna" title="Uhin-partikula dualtasuna – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uhin-partikula dualtasuna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC_%D9%88_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%87" title="دوگانگی موج و ذره – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوگانگی موج و ذره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalto-hiukkasdualismi" title="Aalto-hiukkasdualismi – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aalto-hiukkasdualismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualit%C3%A9_onde-particule" title="Dualité onde-particule – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dualité onde-particule" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9acht_toinne_is_c%C3%A1ithn%C3%ADn" title="Déacht toinne is cáithnín – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Déacht toinne is cáithnín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualidade_onda-corp%C3%BAsculo" title="Dualidade onda-corpúsculo – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dualidade onda-corpúsculo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A7" title="דואליות גל-חלקיק – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דואליות גל-חלקיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="तरंग-कण द्वैतता – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तरंग-कण द्वैतता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualizam_(fizika)" title="Dualizam (fizika) – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dualizam (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%C3%A1m-r%C3%A9szecske_kett%C5%91ss%C3%A9g" title="Hullám-részecske kettősség – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hullám-részecske kettősség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF-%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մասնիկ-ալիքային երկվություն – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մասնիկ-ալիքային երկվություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualitas_gelombang-partikel" title="Dualitas gelombang-partikel – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dualitas gelombang-partikel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualismo_onda-particella" title="Dualismo onda-particella – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dualismo onda-particella" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E3%81%A8%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%8C%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A7" title="粒子と波動の二重性 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="粒子と波動の二重性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%ED%8C%8C" title="물질파 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물질파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangos_ir_dalel%C4%97s_dualumas" title="Bangos ir dalelės dualumas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bangos ir dalelės dualumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Корпускуларно-бранов дуализам – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корпускуларно-бранов дуализам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Долгион ба биетийн давхарлал – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Долгион ба биетийн давхарлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembaran_zarah-gelombang" title="Kembaran zarah-gelombang – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kembaran zarah-gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualiteit_van_golven_en_deeltjes" title="Dualiteit van golven en deeltjes – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dualiteit van golven en deeltjes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge%E2%80%93partikkel-dualiteten" title="Bølge–partikkel-dualiteten – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bølge–partikkel-dualiteten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97-%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6" title="ତରଙ୍ଗ-କଣିକା ଦ୍ୱୈତବାଦ – urijština" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତରଙ୍ଗ-କଣିକା ଦ୍ୱୈତବାଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="urijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E2%80%93%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A4" title="ਤਰੰਗ–ਕਣ ਦਵੈਤ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਰੰਗ–ਕਣ ਦਵੈਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualizm_korpuskularno-falowy" title="Dualizm korpuskularno-falowy – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dualizm korpuskularno-falowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC-%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="موج-ٹوٹا دوہراپن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موج-ٹوٹا دوہراپن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualidade_onda-corp%C3%BAsculo" title="Dualidade onda-corpúsculo – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dualidade onda-corpúsculo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualismul_corpuscul-und%C4%83" title="Dualismul corpuscul-undă – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dualismul corpuscul-undă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Корпускулярно-волновой дуализм – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корпускулярно-волновой дуализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%97_%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Дуаліта частицї і вовнїня – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Дуаліта частицї і вовнїня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valno-%C4%8Desti%C4%8Dni_dualizam" title="Valno-čestični dualizam – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valno-čestični dualizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E2%80%93%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="තරංග–අංශු ද්විත්වය – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තරංග–අංශු ද්විත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-particle_duality" title="Wave-particle duality – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wave-particle duality" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Casticovo-vlnov%C3%BD_dualizmus" title="Časticovo-vlnový dualizmus – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Časticovo-vlnový dualizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del%C4%8Dnovalovna_dualnost" title="Delčnovalovna dualnost – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Delčnovalovna dualnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Принцип дуалности талас-честица – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Принцип дуалности талас-честица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5g-partikeldualitet" title="Våg-partikeldualitet – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Våg-partikeldualitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="அலை-துகள் இருமை – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலை-துகள் இருமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E2%80%93%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="ทวิภาคคลื่น–อนุภาค – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทวิภาคคลื่น–อนุภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualidad_ng_alon-partikulo" title="Dualidad ng alon-partikulo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dualidad ng alon-partikulo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalga_par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k_ikili%C4%9Fi" title="Dalga parçacık ikiliği – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dalga parçacık ikiliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Корпускуляр-дулкынча дуализм – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корпускуляр-дулкынча дуализм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Корпускулярно-хвильовий дуалізм – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корпускулярно-хвильовий дуалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0%E1%BB%A1ng_t%C3%ADnh_s%C3%B3ng-h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Lưỡng tính sóng-hạt – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưỡng tính sóng-hạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%B2%92%E4%BA%8C%E8%B1%A1%E6%80%A7" title="波粒二象性 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波粒二象性" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%B2%92%E4%BA%8C%E8%B1%A1%E6%80%A7" title="波粒二象性 – čínština" lang="zh" 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Může se výrazně <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD&diff=0&oldid=3245618">lišit</a> od <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD">současné platné verze</a>. </p> </div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD&diff=prev&oldid=3245618" title="Dualita částice a vlnění">rozdíl</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD&direction=prev&oldid=3245618" title="Dualita částice a vlnění">← Starší revize</a> | <a href="/wiki/Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Dualita částice a vlnění">zobrazit aktuální verzi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD&diff=cur&oldid=3245618" title="Dualita částice a vlnění">rozdíl</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD&direction=next&oldid=3245618" title="Dualita částice a vlnění">Novější revize →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dualita_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice_a_vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD&diff=next&oldid=3245618" title="Dualita částice a vlnění">rozdíl</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Photoelectric_effect.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Photoelectric_effect.svg/220px-Photoelectric_effect.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Photoelectric_effect.svg/330px-Photoelectric_effect.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Photoelectric_effect.svg/440px-Photoelectric_effect.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="95" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotoelektrick%C3%BD_jev" title="Fotoelektrický jev">Fotoelektrický jev</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Myšlenku duality částic a vlnění zavedl v roce <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> pro objasnění <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektrick%C3%BD_jev" title="Fotoelektrický jev">fotoelektrického jevu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika">Fyzikální</a> pojem <b>dualita částice a vlnění</b> se vztahuje ke skutečnosti, že <a href="/wiki/Hmota" title="Hmota">hmotu</a> lze popsat buď jako <a href="/wiki/Vlna" class="mw-disambig" title="Vlna">vlnu</a> nebo jako <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1stice" title="Částice">částici</a>, v závislosti na uspořádání <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experimentu</a> a způsobu pozorování. Ačkoliv se tato dualita v obecnosti týká veškeré hmoty, nejčastěji se s ní lze setkat v případě objektů s velmi malou <a href="/wiki/Hmotnost" title="Hmotnost">hmotností</a>, zvláště pak u <a href="/wiki/Element%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%A1stice" title="Elementární částice">elementárních částic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elektromagnetické_záření"><span id="Elektromagnetick.C3.A9_z.C3.A1.C5.99en.C3.AD"></span>Elektromagnetické záření</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:2slits.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2slits.png/220px-2slits.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/2slits.png 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Dvouštěrbinový experiment.</figcaption></figure> <p>Např. <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetick%C3%A9_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD" title="Elektromagnetické záření">elektromagnetické záření</a> může někdy vykazovat <a href="/wiki/Vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Vlnění">vlnový</a> charakter (např. při <a href="/wiki/Ohyb_sv%C4%9Btla" title="Ohyb světla">ohybu světla</a>), a jindy se chová jako <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1sticov%C3%A9_z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Částicové záření">částicové záření</a> (např. u <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektrick%C3%BD_jev" title="Fotoelektrický jev">fotoelektrického jevu</a>). Světlo lze tedy popsat vlnovou teorií, ale také <a href="/wiki/Kvantov%C3%A1_teorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvantová teorie">teorií kvantovou</a>. </p><p>Na otázku, zda má toto záření vlnový nebo částicový charakter, nelze odpovědět jednoznačně. Některé jevy v oblasti <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optiky</a> lze vysvětlit pouze prostřednictvím vlnového charakteru světla, zatímco jiné jevy (např. fotoelektrický jev) lze vysvětlit pouze pomocí <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotonů</a>. </p><p>Z tohoto hlediska lze tedy tvrdit, že obě <a href="/wiki/Teorie" title="Teorie">teorie</a> se vzájemně doplňují, a pro daný jev je vždy nutné vybrat vhodný teoretický popis. <a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btlo" title="Světlo">Světlo</a> tedy chápeme jako fyzikální jev, který má vlnovou i korpuskulární povahu. Právě tato skutečnost je chápána jako <a href="/wiki/Dualismus" class="mw-disambig" title="Dualismus">dualismus</a> vln a částic. </p><p>Částicová povaha elektromagnetického záření se projevuje především v krátkovlnných oblastech (tzn. při vysokých energiích fotonů), vlnová povaha v oblasti dlouhovlnné. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobecnění"><span id="Zobecn.C4.9Bn.C3.AD"></span>Zobecnění</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kvantov%C3%A1_teorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvantová teorie">Kvantová teorie</a> ukazuje, že vlnové vlastnosti vykazují (v určitých situacích) všechny <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1stice" title="Částice">částice</a>. Tato skutečnost je jedním z důležitých objevů kvantové fyziky. Takovou hypotézu vyslovil poprvé roku <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis-Victor_Pierre_Raymond_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie">Louis-Victor de Broglie</a> jenž vyslovil domněnku, že i částice lze popsat vlnovou délkou o velikosti: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3ba64e374ccd3f05ca8b646070a27e94a2b28921" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:6.629ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>kde <i>h</i> je <a href="/wiki/Planckova_konstanta" title="Planckova konstanta">Planckova konstanta</a> a <i>p</i> je <a href="/wiki/Hybnost" title="Hybnost">hybnost</a> částice. Ve svých důsledcích to znamená, že každému vlnění lze přiřadit určité částicové vlastnosti, a naopak, každá částice se může projevovat jako vlnění. Například rozlišení v <a href="/wiki/Elektronov%C3%BD_mikroskop" title="Elektronový mikroskop">elektronovém mikroskopu</a>, kde látku sondují <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrony</a>, závisí na jejich <a href="/wiki/Kinetick%C3%A1_energie" title="Kinetická energie">kinetické energii</a> - vyšší rychlost (i kinetická energie) odpovídá vyšší hybnosti, čímž se snižuje jejich vlnová délka a lze tedy dosáhnout vyššího rozlišení. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komplementarita" title="Komplementarita">Komplementarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Vlnění">Vlnění</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD" title="Záření">Záření</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablona:Link_FA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablona:Link FA (stránka neexistuje)">Šablona:Link FA</a> </p>    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id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Stránka byla naposledy editována 5. 11. 2008 v 13:46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tato verze článku byla později upravena.<br /> Kromě běžné editace mohlo být důvodem úprav také to, že tato verze obsahuje<br /> faktické nepřesnosti, vandalismus nebo materiál, který nevyhovuje licencím <a href="/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> a <a href="/wiki/CC_BY-SA" title="CC BY-SA">Creative Commons</a>.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Ochrana osobních údajů</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Vylou%C4%8Den%C3%AD_odpov%C4%9Bdnosti">Vyloučení odpovědnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Kontakt">Kontaktujte 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