CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91364b690a86a042',cH: 'dPo14eDn3uht.hM.6xGLpchA_FbKNT6j3n2x.hXvcT4-1739800731-1.2.1.1-xmxOLPk2os_AsDtXXF8bDIsMWuCgWw1vBvF9hjqSyRYUge8ggxnidnyEqF0IV1cd',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20crisis%20in%20Hong%20Kong&__cf_chl_tk=iwuuu2o9ywK1i9EKcyFHClXlQV_SE20TXOF3Ou3T9Z8-1739800731-1.0.1.1-ZwN_yQIgWdDK7TLCjyotRT6STk3WsdK.AHWKw6l5v4E",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739800731',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20crisis%20in%20Hong%20Kong&__cf_chl_f_tk=iwuuu2o9ywK1i9EKcyFHClXlQV_SE20TXOF3Ou3T9Z8-1739800731-1.0.1.1-ZwN_yQIgWdDK7TLCjyotRT6STk3WsdK.AHWKw6l5v4E",md: ".Qqzi4rmnT0vKYaYtO1pam4LZ9HkUmxjrfAEP_B_vbc-1739800731-1.2.1.1-yR_ZpqqQmgpHv8775XbXu0Z5qw8_1CMSgVW6Z_2s8ouQMFfSQMuVd5VokKVwpZstndX2jR3vHaKOtvvPzHcYDDIEV.FhScK6OjR8TShKgvt0A5HHh3p23zC2lxKy6lYPf7PfAtm2lGTRasbL_Tii9VM56hX9.PGCcxH2FpeN8OYz9D50Ap7tARy1LYNVdSfUu2P9h.uCYFj9TknQJGw0g2kv7Wnis04mIP7NgKkpamHHpSLGtOoUUnHRrVqC4U0WZjGV4hfKSTO2C_n3CnhEQpSlk.qntIY66Wmh7LlQ_oSm3xDZdH21J.aogaW_2KW2Z.8R8Epa_yZZIIm.edaVFxub7OIuJQurThsWSHTbWxhwh45bQZLCepLqEskO85yacBWutrvov8pEm53Ei7BRJFBysiG_LlyQ0magYCCWuImZf3e51TDokBoM6VUkFyT2tjOFL86bZHcS1GLBOUDIxZSap1dVQ9IkNqjHlhL9iNsqN9IPNydPNiEQ.6vRw5F.dpBlsQiJMusiES7TD.4F6HgXifWgM.MwzkagF9YUpm7KuJWxzd4rK0zrNnZAfzYgRhvtFEbfx0F24dkXWyBlialrcLDWeuMY4VDrBuYuk8Z7PY_nG1tCa9hg.J4MMxWRUpihX.C8ZUFdWshxU6JmvkE8hIIhEHVzrpHWYDIQZgJ5OYfYxU.x6bwVQHRIdzmQ.d2gPsmoeBcZQ5EjsctjoJUICVKZdwm7MNrZx8R5cC1oamD8N689yABdkCrWHA_5weaiRfuzCjRu5cpHZthYaZlyH4Bldb9PT6wXgKiYgpcFD_AO25ltX253ERaqh7ROqTkj8lplgCMnRFP9NYWUAGXhLXJZ1Kg8Dn9dhPCZX70iouBw6k5doXTxLu5QqKJY5Mlip9rCsiWAvUdKDnJbuVKK0GmeAU97vgu0qGBUCMSo58cOEdkVr1N1DxW0VMsfVc0I_YRXL4saGtoYGxJKKXteiQoAoZf5bXvdpTWE0KQeajnvcaslduUKEv9kCKnhaRA85TeetmUA5rPXQo70tOTsQhk0j6Y3QY2VUAwzHRYoOQxeegEJyOomfQmt1dVsX9mpzsX2awoV.LN58nc94uF4vtloRbUeT7ymDITLXRz6ImFatLeJ30FpdjwiKcEgu5.04HNfOfxj.rTSe9dxtYQdcheM3sAt4eN3C4pjJJI1KmlCR_ScrwrOpEvXEk_cB1gOoimE9BMh9Pg1tCOPmGxWvsQPr2bDBezEGcpZrarFGEZaPOSFlvAIPC2Nphpmdy_GNjUwagbuVDZyCHTHAN.MpVXHVpRbTk2Tff8st2lpfDkaHhJM1lcs9mSHggBgXLVPjbLZ5EvXtKI3iNOJ9QZsV4gx9p6pHu03e7TB8tedCMcKxt4jvb0MT_vJpDCvXgm1tdeWIXunE5EZRr5KoC0TSGsOqx10Oj_LDkyl1f_pD.Kr4GO3S6rue0hN6W7X76ds2Dr7oq16Mn7ydX6Ip8OzmSJcyVdaXo.JKpTyRVApN9yVsoyi9Z6EoXt4sVWSNPhJ9iVKC4HGuLygsC1eyYzdk_X46nrkk5GM5UdOZALMpw55IDuSk3JGQWkZLca4jzsUsV465dQSuZ_vmh7.ftlYnbAR4s_MZwk7j9GPChRGkJJDSSyaMJhaJgzcoCXTSF.QBnF5bQIoGxT3vIp7smMgM_OWeb5lx1Ess230nMyP6v5FYmhk.Oywea4GnoFZxOuWl8qqpdvzoKe_ugdDi.YaajKEZmX82OeouT7tU2fcEwVTJMyP5ASt4zzPcoHwpdtCns1RSQik5NRiscrlr2RfVODrWJRbjTgpJmGVo83ro41wXSwuLbgabO0Qjc3UbqMrHdbY8XLbPQGVcpKafbe49Tkxq4mB6K7wXTZ30XmuSy.ScUeaAAnMB3fLUsHcSeiL_vLGjLbojo6gN5LHGvW.MwfUPXknb8yUAnmDmaJWyaopF_R6KELCezImWjuoGgzRwxXSx_cddoVRAU8gtqAsJeCmXr_w7Pj4KZM9FxY",mdrd: "vtWLUuKVcuYSyMUQpOucj2iJ1YNamAuBuyQGjFEmuxE-1739800731-1.2.1.1-q7bWN_awbxZavTKVO6intXcosuaElNRICDL2A6PJ10Ksid7EsfIpDASGg5zbDL0wAuhOufLpOcIYiG_BHjxINIzR7Hj9bBGX_4_Gw_Z8hXYO.BQyEWxSQXzBBvlbwhx__4pF7Bg3P6o02RAkBZZJ3btnARfSHtxcWw_xjiXTb8Y4l6RJI7y2HYhEs4wZ5wLhnd2ppMrA4MIEtQENJL1uleq.1Hn_0D7rkF66AilkJNe0xywV9GsGW5iiU1tyfQl_7k87aWTO0sMnoJA2qrDlT8_Xc.QknFp5Ucu11zMO1UvMMmeyAHYeBJJidakpMl1P2F0Bo0CRfDSs2POcfN6bE3yGIddzVRkbrvFwfysVmBWHmRtl1Qx0zsPpuiPBR6ERfFfVmRzJxnV2g4__NBWebc8E3xhB2BOfX6CIqnnSTeKNyDBnmUsjvJr4Fqq4KGvhulOgl0YpvFQm2CUITF_KVWDFSs1NxosLsJoYm5kvs90W_4mFDAX19oEfev0wWFFgT5es4UcJmnEg6SoTimcVBfCuAGrPtSNbbE2oZOlvSrwK.6bQZnqfApZj4WjZmFKUvuTO1Wh4Coi4gPzRw9QXrHP_PNLSMfoKoDOZsqN48Gl7gW329pbBBWiHLvfWKVvgP.Xesh3hxlirAACR7xKQnq_QY.JZMVaxjrz0uVy3mLwx5aW_exQ.Z0NVtPhmJBe6OO9pF_mUkqllJAJq42C1RhN4_WCM5B2Oo6f49QPSzHB7uafO3R9A0VpOLq78snXCOGF0ZgnYGwScjl4aZW_2muhvZFfUaLPkCW1_nYnvBNhk3uBq8WRdsU28if1UAYdeAvPNNyas7YxS0qoXo5tUnSZ9KuSdergbNBUKI2A4m2hT2oAoWLDv.m98TnVyWNxtly.._Zn0KlhnTXfj8kV_U.YIdREqv0G7mFkYeuqYNsZygG_v_KKU7lIRsVE.hJ0Ada2R8wCxACYtHDNL_WT9ZXtaB1_BDTta6QZpKYvZDnkKIIvmcvlFs6TBa7JHSPkrgFAbptcAXVBBPfhPcnnkhWiKU_ZgG8JTZwkl1QDp3jhLmCpik5QBLYSPQZgbRkLwGRTgLDd4Isi78afrWANI7tH9e7Qfr7hAv3PIbRlZ.aOq7K3fIP_PXLqAnvt2bn9NTsHE2d6lrxIcAlCMU3pnstoGgn5hyJfQ6KajEtD5PDQtJCUvvh7no4fdQc3WJCbz8Rn.3f336NtlfdkZXKGwJtBFBUuSqtmJtQ_P1i77mRN8HhAJaF74.kBfNe9QusHbMLIfwX1njYaMDkMsx0AD6Lj4LPXHRLpiNMgBVk2xXUuQwRN70zc9TbnPZwGd6QUbl_ZmsolcXTwZiZ.KVlH8oSoZ8uzNzkFn8AWC3anQ9pBilGXHDr0ZiZ_VQC1_xR7CZIL1uYQkNYFWh_zmaNBz30ADm1LqdBCDCZxk6jUztFSwktLr3.c6jrb0QqyhDglkhUtZWuoW0zL5RP0pOQAHw0J8eXoObNFSuGECX4AbXjNvZX7HRsJ5Ezu32X9B.UhyL2NoOZM977HexRTI0fiBWEDpi1nR4H3eLWCV4CJin0D9Re4580k3Hgt2Oj1h9LFfZvvH.nD4UjtimR06q7yQwjw5JMh0v3q8uHU_vhuLYAfbShsVjelY72KbRldBceII3WNZRZg2R_jugqTL18e323HFd7rt1zwEVcOiSuxLlgeZPd_It0Rj6ovpoGmFPvXnDIgRQSC0SmtaL9ijJpsIhZUo6LBCvZ1rk_TXbPcKTf0jLb9134.VcJJnsBzszBE1.MZFglZoKPc8K5N20IB72wCrg9m1w5m63m86.xSf9Ggc3QdGNMmyr50SeWPGbW86QkXpYUvqatBigZG9d2BJr6GLMZNOr8dV70Wo0a4eyjz0JYp2_8saWxGJu3Paq7Zod4KwgVdPcB3SybJx_xUtspC.Lo7llN4Ir0jz1kGLIRM2AHZHbqMa35RPk6BSVueSuj.NXNUIorMDpvZtQQqhNw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91364b690a86a042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=political%20crisis%20in%20Hong%20Kong&__cf_chl_rt_tk=iwuuu2o9ywK1i9EKcyFHClXlQV_SE20TXOF3Ou3T9Z8-1739800731-1.0.1.1-ZwN_yQIgWdDK7TLCjyotRT6STk3WsdK.AHWKw6l5v4E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>