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Paul Ehrenfest - Wikipedia

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Disponibil în 41 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بول إهرنفست – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بول إهرنفست" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بول اهرنفست – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بول اهرنفست" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="پائول ارنفست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پائول ارنفست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Паул Еренфест – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Паул Еренфест" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="পাউল এরেনফেস্ট – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাউল এরেনফেস্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB_%CE%88%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84" title="Πάουλ Έρενφεστ – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάουλ Έρενφεστ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="پائول ارنفست – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پائول ارنفست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%98" title="פאול ארנפסט – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאול ארנפסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC_%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Պաուլ Էրենֆեստ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պաուլ Էրենֆեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ポール・エーレンフェスト – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポール・エーレンフェスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პაულ ერენფესტი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პაულ ერენფესტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B8_%EC%97%90%EB%A0%8C%ED%8E%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="파울 에렌페스트 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파울 에렌페스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauls_%C4%92renfests" title="Pauls Ērenfests – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pauls Ērenfests" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Паул Еренфест – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Паул Еренфест" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эренфест, Пауль – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эренфест, Пауль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%95%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Паул Ехренфест – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паул Ехренфест" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paul Ehrenfest" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Пауль Еренфест – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пауль Еренфест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="پال اہرینفیسٹ – urdu" lang="ur" 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dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet biografii" style="background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Paul Ehrenfest</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Paul_Ehrenfest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Paul_Ehrenfest.jpg/220px-Paul_Ehrenfest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Paul_Ehrenfest.jpg/330px-Paul_Ehrenfest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Paul_Ehrenfest.jpg/440px-Paul_Ehrenfest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="659" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/18_ianuarie" title="18 ianuarie">18 ianuarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Viena" title="Viena">Viena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austro-Ungaria" title="Austro-Ungaria">Austro-Ungaria</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/25_septembrie" title="25 septembrie">25 septembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a>, la vârsta de 53 de ani</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cauza decesului</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Sinucidere" title="Sinucidere">sinucidere</a> (<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140674" class="extiw" title="d:Q2140674">plagă împușcată</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plag%C4%83_%C3%AEmpu%C8%99cat%C4%83_(form_of_physical_trauma_sustained_from_the_discharge_of_arms_or_munitions)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plagă împușcată (form of physical trauma sustained from the discharge of arms or munitions) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span>) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P509" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Căsătorit cu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Afanasieva" title="Tatiana Afanasieva">Tatiana Afanasieva</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Copii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Pavlovna_Ehrenfest" title="Tatiana Pavlovna Ehrenfest">Tatiana Pavlovna Ehrenfest</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62035203" class="extiw" title="d:Q62035203">Galinka Ehrenfest</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galinka_Ehrenfest_(Dutch_feminist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Galinka Ehrenfest (Dutch feminist) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P40" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cetățenie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Regatul_%C8%9A%C4%83rilor_de_Jos" title="Regatul Țărilor de Jos">Regatul Țărilor de Jos</a><sup id="cite_ref-b746143f6e149e4d5262a0c7847eab33_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b746143f6e149e4d5262a0c7847eab33-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P27" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Etnie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Evrei" title="Evrei">evreică</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P172" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Religie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism">ateism</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P140" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Fizician" title="Fizician">fizician</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19350898" class="extiw" title="d:Q19350898">fizician teoretician</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizician_teoretician_(occupation)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizician teoretician (occupation) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272" class="extiw" title="d:Q1622272">cadru didactic universitar</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadru_didactic_universitar_(persoan%C4%83_care_pred%C4%83_la_o_universitare)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadru didactic universitar (persoană care predă la o universitare) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Matematician" title="Matematician">matematician</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">limba rusă</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Limba_neerlandez%C4%83" title="Limba neerlandeză">limba neerlandeză</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">limba germană</a><sup id="cite_ref-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcb9ef716f90982d5b1db4578ddb4c5f-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-ca75d76b9bca69761033b7e2a708323a_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ca75d76b9bca69761033b7e2a708323a-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Activitate</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Rezidență</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Domeniu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Mecanică cuantică">Mecanică cuantică</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Instituție</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Universitatea_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitatea Leiden">Universitatea Leiden</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Alma Mater</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q346549" class="extiw" title="d:Q346549"><span lang="en">Technische Hochschule</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Technische Hochschule</span> (type of university in Germany)|&#8203;]]</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Viena" title="Universitatea din Viena">Universitatea din Viena</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitatea_Georg-August_din_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Universitatea Georg-August din Göttingen">Universitatea Georg-August din Göttingen</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414936" class="extiw" title="d:Q414936">Akademisches Gymnasium</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademisches_Gymnasium_(high_school_building_in_Vienna)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademisches Gymnasium (high school building in Vienna) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span>&#160; <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P69" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Organizații</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370801" class="extiw" title="d:Q2370801">Academia de Științe a URSS</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_a_URSS_(scientific_institution_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1925%E2%80%931991))&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia de Științe a URSS (scientific institution of the Soviet Union (1925–1991)) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4401048" class="extiw" title="d:Q4401048"><span lang="ru-Latn">Russkoe fiziko-himiceskoe obșcestvo</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="ru-Latn">Russkoe fiziko-himiceskoe obșcestvo</span> (Russian scientific organization (1878-1930))|&#8203;]]</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Academia_Regal%C4%83_Neerlandez%C4%83_de_Arte_%C8%99i_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be" title="Academia Regală Neerlandeză de Arte și Științe">Academia Regală Neerlandeză de Arte și Științe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Academia_Rus%C4%83_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be" title="Academia Rusă de Științe">Academia Rusă de Științe</a>&#160; <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P463" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Conducător de doctorat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Ludwig Boltzmann</a><sup id="cite_ref-975311a01db70c3e97f9b50c3853dfa6_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-975311a01db70c3e97f9b50c3853dfa6-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" />&#160; <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P184" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Doctoranzi</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384942" class="extiw" title="d:Q1384942">Jan Burgers</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Burgers_(fizician_olandez)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Burgers (fizician olandez) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a><sup id="cite_ref-e6e3bdb56c8ad91fd5cd5a9bd5778640_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e6e3bdb56c8ad91fd5cd5a9bd5778640-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><br /><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Anthony_Kramers" title="Hendrik Anthony Kramers">Hendrik Anthony Kramers</a><sup id="cite_ref-ffdc5ebfc4bb02ca51b3d618dba8f747_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffdc5ebfc4bb02ca51b3d618dba8f747-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><br /><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Coster" title="Dirk Coster">Dirk Coster</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Casimir" title="Hendrik Casimir">Hendrik Casimir</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Friedman" title="Alexander Friedman">Alexandr Friedman</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713869" class="extiw" title="d:Q1713869"><span lang="ru-Latn">Krutkov, Iuri Aleksandrovici</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="ru-Latn">Krutkov, Iuri Aleksandrovici</span> (Russian physicist and university teacher (1890-1952))|&#8203;]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262807" class="extiw" title="d:Q262807">Arend Joan Rutgers</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arend_Joan_Rutgers_(chimist_olandez)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arend Joan Rutgers (chimist olandez) — pagină inexistentă">&#8203;</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-d09ccf7a6da8de517ea53d78bd164eb7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d09ccf7a6da8de517ea53d78bd164eb7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P185" class="extiw" title="d:Q84227">...<i>încă 3</i></a>&#160; <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227#P185" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cunoscut pentru</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema Ehrenfest — pagină inexistentă">Teorema Ehrenfest</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradoxul_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradoxul Ehrenfest — pagină inexistentă">Paradoxul Ehrenfest</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##F5F5DC solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84227" class="extiw" title="d:Q84227">date</a> /&#32;<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">text</a></span>&#160;<span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Om_de_%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Paul Ehrenfest</b> (<a href="/wiki/18_ianuarie" title="18 ianuarie">18 ianuarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a> – <a href="/wiki/25_septembrie" title="25 septembrie">25 septembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>) a fost un <a href="/wiki/Fizician" title="Fizician">fizician</a> și <a href="/wiki/Matematician" title="Matematician">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">austriac</a>, devenit cetățean <a href="/wiki/Olanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Olanda">neerlandez</a> pe <a href="/wiki/24_martie" title="24 martie">24 martie</a> <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. A adus contribuții majore în <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_statistic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Mecanica statistică">mecanica statistică</a> și relațiile sale cu <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_cuantic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Mecanica cuantică">mecanica cuantică</a>, inclusiv teoria <a href="/wiki/Transformare_de_faz%C4%83" title="Transformare de fază">transformărilor de fază</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema Ehrenfest — pagină inexistentă">teorema Ehrenfest</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Biografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pe <a href="/wiki/21_decembrie" title="21 decembrie">21 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> s-a căsătorit cu matematiciana <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">rusă</a> <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Afanasieva" title="Tatiana Afanasieva">Tatiana Afanasieva</a> (<a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>–<a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>), care a colaborat cu el în lucrările sale. A avut două fete și doi băieți: <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Pavlovna_Ehrenfest" title="Tatiana Pavlovna Ehrenfest">Tatiana ('Tania')</a> (<a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>–<a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>), care a devenit și ea matematician; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galinka_Pavlovna_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Galinka Pavlovna Ehrenfest — pagină inexistentă">Galinka ('Galia')</a> (<a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>–<a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>), care a devenit autor și ilustrator de cărți pentru copii; Paul Jr. ('Pavlik') (<a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>–<a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>), care a devenit fizician; și Vasili ('Wassik') (<a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>–<a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>). </p><p>Paul Ehrenfest s-a sinucis, la doar 53 de ani, pe 25 septembrie 1933, copleșit de gândurile de nerealizare care l-au măcinat toată viața. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opere">Opere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Opere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ehrenfest&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Opere"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paul und Tatjana Ehrenfest: <i>Begriffliche Grundlagen der statistischen Auffassung in der Mechanik.</i> In: <i>Enzyklopädie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften.</i> 1909, 1911 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=189410">Online</a>).</li> <li>Paul Ehrenfest: <i>Welche Züge der Lichtquantenhypothese spielen in der Theorie der Wärmestrahlung eine wesentliche Rolle?</i> In: 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