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id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death and commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="مايكل جوزيف سافاج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل جوزيف سافاج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%ED%94%84_%EC%83%88%EB%B9%84%EC%A7%80" title="마이클 조지프 새비지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 조지프 새비지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A3_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%91%D7%92%27" title="מייקל ג'וזף סאבג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל ג'וזף סאבג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="मायकेल जोसेफ सॅव्हेज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मायकेल जोसेफ सॅव्हेज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Savage" title="Michael Savage – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael Savage" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Сэвидж, Майкл Джозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сэвидж, Майкл Джозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael Joseph Savage" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%93%A6%E5%A5%87" title="迈克尔·约瑟夫·萨瓦奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迈克尔·约瑟夫·萨瓦奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1371015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1935 to 1940</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Michael_Savage_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Michael Savage (disambiguation)">Michael Savage (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Michael Joseph Savage</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="3322" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">1935 portrait</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">23rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 December 1935 – 27 March 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarchs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Governor-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Monckton-Arundell,_8th_Viscount_Galway" title="George Monckton-Arundell, 8th Viscount Galway">George Monckton-Arundell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">George Forbes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 October 1933 – 27 March 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Peter Fraser</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">12th <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 October 1933 – 6 December 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">George Forbes</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Auckland_West" title="Auckland West">Auckland West</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 December 1919 – 27 March 1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Poole" title="Charles Poole">Charles Poole</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carr_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Peter Carr (New Zealand politician)">Peter Carr</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Savage</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1872-03-23</span>)</span>23 March 1872<br /><a href="/wiki/Tatong" title="Tatong">Tatong</a>, Victoria, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 March 1940<span style="display:none">(1940-03-27)</span> (aged 68)<br /><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Bastion_Point" title="Bastion Point">Bastion Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a>, Auckland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> (1916–40)<br /><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party of New Zealand">Social Democratic</a> (1913–16)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party" title="New Zealand Socialist Party">Socialist</a> (1907–13)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Trade unionist<br />politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael Joseph Savage's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Michael_Joseph_Savage_signature.svg/128px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Michael_Joseph_Savage_signature.svg/192px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Michael_Joseph_Savage_signature.svg/256px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="286" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav" title="File:Michael Joseph Savage speech on 5 September 1939.wav">Savage's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="417" data-mwtitle="Michael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Michael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav/Michael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Michael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav/Michael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Michael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMichael_Joseph_Savage_speech_on_5_September_1939.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A radio address by Michael Joseph Savage at the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, made from his home in Wellington.<br />Recorded 5 September 1939</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" 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.sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#d82a20;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="3322" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#d82a20;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Michael Joseph Savage</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Early_life">Early life and career</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><small><b>Member for <a href="/wiki/Auckland_West" title="Auckland West">Auckland West</a></b></small></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_West#1919_election" title="Auckland West">1919 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Electoral history of Michael Joseph Savage">Electoral history</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana#Alliance_with_the_Labour_Party" title="Rātana">Rātana pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Conciliation_and_Arbitration_Act_1894#1936_Amendment" title="Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1894">Industrial Conciliation<br /> and Arbitration Act 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_abdication_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII abdication crisis">Edward VIII abdication crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_housing_in_New_Zealand#The_First_Labour_Government" title="State housing in New Zealand">State housing scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act_1938" title="Social Security Act 1938">Social Security Act 1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_affair" title="Lee affair">Lee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Elections</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938 general election</a></li></ul> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michael_Joseph_Savage_sidebar" title="Template:Michael Joseph Savage sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michael_Joseph_Savage_sidebar" title="Template talk:Michael Joseph Savage sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michael_Joseph_Savage_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michael Joseph Savage sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Joseph Savage</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (23 March 1872 – 27 March 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an Australian-born New Zealand politician who served as the 23rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of New Zealand">prime minister of New Zealand</a>, heading the <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First Labour Government</a> from 1935 until his death in 1940. </p><p>Savage was born in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Colony of Victoria</a> (present-day Australia), and emigrated to New Zealand in 1907 at the age of 35. A labourer, he became a <a href="/wiki/Trade_unionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unionist">trade unionist</a>, and in 1910 was elected president of the Auckland Trades and Labour Council. Savage supported the formation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a> in July 1916. He was active in local politics before his election to the House of Representatives in <a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1919 New Zealand general election">1919</a>, as one of eight Labour members returned in that election. Savage was elected unopposed as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Labour party leader</a> in <a href="/wiki/1933_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1933 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1933</a>. </p><p>Savage led the Labour Party to its first ever electoral victory in the <a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935 election</a>. He won public support for his government's economic recovery policies and social welfare programme. His popularity assured the Labour Party of an even more significant electoral victory in the <a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938 election</a>. His government joined Britain in declaring <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war against Germany</a> in 1939. Savage's health declined rapidly after Labour's second electoral victory and he died in office. He was succeeded as head of government by his deputy <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a>. </p><p>Savage saw himself as spokesman on behalf of his entire party and worked to keep its multiple factions in harness, although a left-wing critic of his leadership, <a href="/wiki/John_A._Lee" title="John A. Lee">John A. Lee</a>, was <a href="/wiki/The_Lee_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lee Affair">expelled</a>. Commonly known as the architect of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">New Zealand welfare state</a>, Savage is generally regarded by academics and the general public as one of New Zealand's greatest and most revered prime ministers. To date he is the only New Zealand prime minister or premier to serve under three <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">monarchs</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born as Michael Savage in <a href="/wiki/Tatong" title="Tatong">Tatong</a>, Victoria, Australia, he was the youngest of eight children of Irish immigrant parents. His father, Richard Savage, was a native of <a href="/wiki/Dundrum,_County_Down" title="Dundrum, County Down">Dundrum, County Down</a> and his mother Johanna Savage (née Hayes) was from <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>. Both migrated to Australia in the 1850s to escape the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Irish Famine</a>. He received a Roman Catholic upbringing from his sister Rose, after his mother died when he was aged five. He spent five years attending a state school at Rothesay, the same town as his father's farm. From 1886, aged 14, to 1893 Savage worked at a wine and spirits shop in Benalla.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbs196732_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbs196732-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savage also attended evening classes at Benalla College at this time. Although short in stature, Savage had enormous physical strength and made a name as both a boxer and weightlifter while enjoying dancing and many other sports. </p><p>In 1891 Savage was devastated by the deaths of both his sister Rose and his closest brother Joe. He adopted Joe's name and became known as Michael Joseph Savage from then on. After losing his job in 1893, Savage moved to <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, finding work as a labourer and irrigation ditch-digger in <a href="/wiki/Narrandera" title="Narrandera">Narrandera</a> for seven years. Whilst there, he joined the General Labourers' Union and became familiar with the radical political theories of the Americans <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</a>, who influenced his political policies in later life.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savage moved back to Victoria in 1900, working a number of jobs. He became active in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Victorian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)">Political Labor Council of Victoria</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/1907_Victorian_state_election" title="1907 Victorian state election">1907</a> he was chosen as the PLC's candidate to stand for the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wangaratta" title="Electoral district of Wangaratta">Wangaratta electorate</a>. Savage had to pull out after the party was not able to fund his deposit and campaign costs, and John Thomas stood instead.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rutherglen_farewell_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rutherglen_farewell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained an active party member and became a close friend of PLC member <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Webb" title="Paddy Webb">Paddy Webb</a>, with whom he was closely linked in later years.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrival_in_New_Zealand">Arrival in New Zealand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrival in New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a farewell function in <a href="/wiki/Rutherglen,_Victoria" title="Rutherglen, Victoria">Rutherglen</a>, Savage <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigrated</a> to New Zealand in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Rutherglen_farewell_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rutherglen_farewell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> on 9 October, which happened to be Labour Day. There he worked in a variety of jobs, as a miner, <a href="/wiki/Flax_in_New_Zealand" title="Flax in New Zealand">flax</a>-cutter and storeman, before becoming involved in the <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">union</a> movement. Despite initially intending to join Webb on the West Coast, he decided to move north, arriving in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> in 1908. </p><p>He soon found board there with Alf and Elizabeth French and their two children. Alf had come to New Zealand in 1894 on the ship <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Wairarapa" title="SS Wairarapa">Wairarapa</a></i>, which was wrecked on <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Island" title="Great Barrier Island">Great Barrier Island</a>, and had helped in the rescue of a girl. Savage, who never married, lived with the French family until 1939, when he moved to the house <i>Hill Haven</i>, 64–66 Harbour View Road, Northland, Wellington, subsequently used by his successor as Prime Minister, Peter Fraser, until 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After arriving in Auckland he found employment at Hancock and Co., a brewery. The brewery was owned by a Jewish family who hired irrespective of workers faith helping Savage overcome the anti-Irish Catholic sentiments that were prevalent in much of Auckland at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198673_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198673-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after beginning work he joined the Auckland Brewers', Wine and Spirit Merchants' and Aerated Water Employees' Union and quickly became president of the 154 member union. He was the delegate of the union to the Auckland Trades Council and in 1910 he was elected president of the trades council.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson198674_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson198674-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Socialist_Party,_fourth_annual_conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party%2C_fourth_annual_conference.jpg/250px-New_Zealand_Socialist_Party%2C_fourth_annual_conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party%2C_fourth_annual_conference.jpg/375px-New_Zealand_Socialist_Party%2C_fourth_annual_conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party%2C_fourth_annual_conference.jpg/500px-New_Zealand_Socialist_Party%2C_fourth_annual_conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4023" data-file-height="2864" /></a><figcaption>Savage (right, front row) at the Socialist Party's 1911 conference</figcaption></figure> <p>Savage at first opposed the formation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)" title="New Zealand Labour Party (1910)">original New Zealand Labour Party</a> as he viewed the grouping as insufficiently socialistic. Instead he became the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Federation_of_Labour_(1909)" title="New Zealand Federation of Labour (1909)">New Zealand Federation of Labour</a>, known as the "Red Feds".<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, he assisted with organising meetings and group sessions and helped to distribute their socialist newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Maoriland_Worker" title="Maoriland Worker">Maoriland Worker</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socialist_origins">Socialist origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Socialist origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1911_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1911 New Zealand general election">1911</a> and <a href="/wiki/1914_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1914 New Zealand general election">1914</a> general election campaigns, Savage unsuccessfully stood as the Socialist candidate for <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland Central</a>, coming second each time to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Glover" title="Albert Glover">Albert Glover</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950109_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950109-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time Savage was also involved in local union groups, becoming president of the Auckland Brewers', Wine and Spirit Merchants' and Aerated-water Employees' Union, president of the Auckland Trades and Labour Council, the Auckland organiser for the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democratic Party</a> and supported striking miners at Waihi.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> he opposed <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>, arguing "that the conscription of wealth should precede the conscription of men".<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savage's opposition to conscription was not absolute, rather based on balance. Indeed, he complied with a conscription order and entered a training camp in 1918, aged 46.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980112_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1980112-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savage openly supported the formation of a unified New Zealand Labour Party in July 1916, and became its national vice-president in 1918 and later the first permanent national secretary the next year. In <a href="/wiki/1919_Auckland_City_mayoral_election" title="1919 Auckland City mayoral election">1919</a> Savage was elected as a Labour candidate to both the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_Council" title="Auckland City Council">Auckland City Council</a> and the Auckland Hospital and Charitable Aid Board in local body elections. He served on the Charitable Aid Board until 1922 and as a councillor until 1923 but was re-elected to the Charitable Aid Board in 1927, remaining in office until 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_Parliament">Member of Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Member of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Michael_Joseph_Savage_crop.png/160px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_crop.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Michael_Joseph_Savage_crop.png/240px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Michael_Joseph_Savage_crop.png/320px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2810" /></a><figcaption>Savage in the 1920s</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; float: left; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 1em; border: 4; cellpadding: 2; cellspacing: 0;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">New Zealand Parliament</span></a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 95px;">Years </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35px;">Term </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 160px;">Electorate </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 150px;">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1919 New Zealand general election">1919</a>–1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="20th New Zealand Parliament">20th</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_West" title="Auckland West">Auckland West</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1922_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1922 New Zealand general election">1922</a>–1925 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/21st_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="21st New Zealand Parliament">21st</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Auckland West </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1925_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1925 New Zealand general election">1925</a>–1928 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="22nd New Zealand Parliament">22nd</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Auckland West </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1928_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1928 New Zealand general election">1928</a>–1931 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="23rd New Zealand Parliament">23rd</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Auckland West </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1931_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1931 New Zealand general election">1931</a>–1935 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="24th New Zealand Parliament">24th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Auckland West </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935</a>–1938 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="25th New Zealand Parliament">25th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Auckland West </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938</a>–1940 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="26th New Zealand Parliament">26th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Auckland West </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As the war came to an end, the voters of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_West" title="Auckland West">Auckland West</a> electorate put Savage into Parliament as a Labour member in the <a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1919 New Zealand general election">1919 general election</a>, an electorate that he held until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950137_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholefield1950137-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became one of eight Labour members of parliament. He formally became the party's deputy-leader after the 1922 election, defeating <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Dan Sullivan (New Zealand politician)">Dan Sullivan</a> eleven votes to six.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assuming an ever-increasing workload, he had resigned as Labour's national secretary and Auckland Labour Representation Committee secretary in July 1920. </p><p>For most of the 1920s Savage sought to expand Labour's support beyond urban unionists and travelled frequently to rural areas. He became the leading advocate for increases to pensions and universally free health care.<sup id="cite_ref-Archives_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is credited for the creation of the Family Allowances Act 1926, which the governing <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform Party</a> openly commented that it had modelled the legislation on three earlier defeated bills introduced by Savage.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927 Savage and several others persuaded the party to amend its land policy and recognise the right of freehold which was essential in gaining rural support for Labour. In doing so, Savage furthered perceptions that he was a more practical politician than then Labour leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1933 Holland died suddenly and Savage took his place becoming Labour's third party Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986153_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986153-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savage later helped to engineer an alliance between Labour and the <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana" title="Rātana">Rātana</a> Church, which was gaining a large <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> following in the 1930s. When <a href="/wiki/T._W._Ratana" title="T. W. Ratana">T .W. Rātana</a> entered politics he allied himself with the Labour Party, which had consulted with his followers over Māori policy. The pact was formalised in a 1936 meeting between Rātana and Savage.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, Savage was awarded the <a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal" title="King George V Silver Jubilee Medal">King George V Silver Jubilee Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First Labour Government of New Zealand</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labour_Cabinet,_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Labour_Cabinet%2C_1935.jpg/250px-Labour_Cabinet%2C_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Labour_Cabinet%2C_1935.jpg/375px-Labour_Cabinet%2C_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Labour_Cabinet%2C_1935.jpg/500px-Labour_Cabinet%2C_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2506" data-file-height="1787" /></a><figcaption>Savage and his ministers in the first Labour Cabinet, photographed in the Old Parliament Building, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1935</span></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">depression</a>, Savage toured the country, and became an iconic figure. An excellent speaker, he became the most visible politician in the land, and led Labour to victory in the <a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935 election</a>. Along with the Premiership, he appointed himself to the posts of <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Island_Territories_(New_Zealand)#List_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Island Territories (New Zealand)">Minister of External Affairs</a> and Minister of Native Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936 the <i>Weekly News</i> featured Spencer Digby's full page iconic photograph of Savage which was often to be seen framed in many New Zealand homes through the following years.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after its election the government gave a "Christmas bonus" of £270,000 to the unemployed and needy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976121–2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976121–2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savage's government also restored wage cuts, expanded pensions, guaranteed farmers' prices, and revalued the currency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986184_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986184-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936 the government decided that broadcasting would be run by the state. As a result a government <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Broadcasting,_Communications_and_Digital_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Broadcasting, Communications and Digital Media">minister in charge of Broadcasting</a> was appointed and new legislation (the Broadcasting Act 1936) was passed that abolished the existing New Zealand Broadcasting Board and established the new National Broadcasting Service in its place. A Director of Broadcasting was appointed and a Broadcasting Advisory Council formed as a result of the act to advise the minister.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Labour Party had specifically sought to broadcast parliamentary debates via radio as a means of allowing the public to listen and make their own judgment of events, rather than relying solely on reporting the press, whom Labour were distrustful of.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986193–4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986193–4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savage appointed himself as the inaugural minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985117_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985117-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936 the government instituted major reform to industrial relations legislation. The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Conciliation_and_Arbitration_Act_1894#1936_Amendment" title="Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1894">Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act</a> which established a statutory minimum wage, standardised the 40-hour week and made union membership compulsory. It also restored the power of the Arbitration Court and required the court to factor in the needs of wives and dependent children of workers when making general wage orders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986185_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986185-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While unemployment was consistently reducing the cabinet continued to spend for unemployment relief. To find a more permanent solution to the unemployment situation the government was promoting the development of secondary industries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986185_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986185-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise the government announced in May 1936 a three year public works programme. This not only provided relief work for the unemployed but also restarted the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Works_and_Development" title="Ministry of Works and Development">Public Works Department</a> original function as the development arm of the state. Additionally, all relief workers were placed on standard £4 a week rate of pay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986184_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986184-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite questioning the necessity for <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_abdication_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII abdication crisis">abdicate</a>, Savage sailed to Britain in 1937 to attend the coronation of King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>, as well as the concurrent <a href="/wiki/1937_Imperial_Conference" title="1937 Imperial Conference">Imperial Conference</a>. While in London, Savage differentiated himself from the other Commonwealth prime ministers when he openly criticised Britain for weakening the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and argued that the dominions were not consulted with properly on foreign policy and defence issues. Savage's government (unlike Britain) was quick to condemn German rearmament, Japanese expansion in China and <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Italy's conquest of Abyssinia</a>. Savage criticised Britain's appeasement policies at the conference, saying "Is your policy peace at any price; if it is so I cannot accept it". <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> replied "No, not at any price, but peace at almost any price", to which Savage replied: "You can pay too high a price even for peace".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain, Australia, Canada and the opposition <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a> were critical of Savage for his stance.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_Rugby_League.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Rugby_League.jpg/220px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Rugby_League.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Rugby_League.jpg/330px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Rugby_League.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Rugby_League.jpg/440px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Rugby_League.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Savage demonstrates his common touch, attending a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> match between New Zealand and Australia at Auckland, 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 1938 Savage and his Finance Minister, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a>, began planning Labour's proposals on social security, in-line with their 1935 election promises. Responding to a suggestion from the Reverend <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._H._A._Vickery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. H. A. Vickery (page does not exist)">W. H. A. Vickery</a>, mayor of <a href="/wiki/Kaiapoi" title="Kaiapoi">Kaiapoi</a>, Savage began to use the term "applied Christianity" to describe the government's scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-history-nz_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-nz-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act_1938" title="Social Security Act 1938">Social Security Bill</a> put forward by the government boasted an unemployment benefit payable to people 16 years and over; a universal free health system extending to general practitioners, public hospitals and maternity care; a means-tested old-age pension of 30 shillings a week for men and women at age 60; and universal superannuation from age 65.<sup id="cite_ref-history-nz_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-nz-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The social security scheme was a collaborative effort, with the detailed negotiations and drafting of the legislation carried out by committees of MPs and public servants. However, Savage's personal involvement was pivotal, as he decided on the basic scheme, helped resolve deep divisions of opinion within the Labour <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucus</a> over principles and detail, made many of the major public pronouncements and guarantees, and astutely responded to opposition from the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Treasury" title="New Zealand Treasury">Treasury</a>, the New Zealand branch of the <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association" title="British Medical Association">British Medical Association</a>, and the National Party.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also Savage who insisted that the Act contain a provision that it would not come into force until 1 April 1939, thereby giving National the opportunity to revoke it if they won the <a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The First Labour Government proved popular and easily won the election, with an increased popular mandate. The Social Security Act was eventually passed, establishing the first ever social security system in the western world.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 1938 election, at the first Labour caucus on 3 November, Labour under-secretary <a href="/wiki/John_A._Lee" title="John A. Lee">John A. Lee</a>, a critic of Savage who was bitter about being excluded from the cabinet,<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attempted a <a href="/wiki/Caucus_revolt" title="Caucus revolt">caucus revolt</a>. He moved a proposal that caucus elect a new cabinet rather than endorse either the existing one or one nominated by Savage. After a bitter debate amongst MPs the proposal was successful 26 votes to 23. However, Savage over-ruled the vote and proceeded to inform the press that cabinet would remain unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranksMcAloon2016106–7_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranksMcAloon2016106–7-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1938 the infamous "Lee Letter" appeared. It contained many attacks on the financial orthodoxy and over-cautiousness of the Labour leadership. It received wide publicity and led many in the public to question Labour's unanimity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1962202–3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1962202–3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee was eventually <a href="/wiki/The_Lee_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lee Affair">expelled from the party</a> by the annual conference.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Savage led the country into the Second World War, officially declaring war on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> on 3 September 1939, just hours after Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Australia, which felt obligated to declare war, as it also had not ratified the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> New Zealand did so as a sign of allegiance to Britain, and in recognition of Britain's abandoning its former <a href="/wiki/Appeasement_of_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Appeasement of Hitler">appeasement</a> of the dictators, a policy that New Zealand had opposed. This led to Prime Minister Savage declaring (from his sick bed) two days later:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Both with gratitude for the past and confidence in the future, we range ourselves without fear beside Britain. Where she goes, we go. Where she stands, we stand. We are only a small and young nation, but we are one and all a band of brothers and we march forward with union of hearts and wills to a common destiny.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_commemoration">Death and commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death and commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage%27s_funeral_procession,_Lambton_Quay,_Wellington,_ca_April_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Michael_Joseph_Savage%27s_funeral_procession%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington%2C_ca_April_1940.jpg/220px-Michael_Joseph_Savage%27s_funeral_procession%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington%2C_ca_April_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Michael_Joseph_Savage%27s_funeral_procession%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington%2C_ca_April_1940.jpg/330px-Michael_Joseph_Savage%27s_funeral_procession%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington%2C_ca_April_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Michael_Joseph_Savage%27s_funeral_procession%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington%2C_ca_April_1940.jpg/440px-Michael_Joseph_Savage%27s_funeral_procession%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington%2C_ca_April_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>The state funeral procession for Michael Joseph Savage, April 1940</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg/220px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg/330px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg/440px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Memorial_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Grave and memorial at <a href="/wiki/Bastion_Point" title="Bastion Point">Bastion Point</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Suffering from <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">cancer of the colon</a> at the time of the 1938 election, Savage had delayed seeking treatment to participate in the election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1939, John A. Lee was censured for his comment that Savage was "mentally as well as physically ill".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986255_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986255-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savage died from cancer on 27 March 1940, although the terminal nature of his illness was still being denied at the beginning of March.<sup id="cite_ref-Hensley_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hensley-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savage brought an almost religious fervour to his politics. This, and his death while in office, has made him become something of an iconic figure to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">the Left</a>. Lauded for his welfare policies, Savage's picture reportedly hung in many Labour supporters' homes. His popularity amongst the voting population was so celebrated that he is said to have remarked in disbelief to Lee that, "They [the people] think I am God" after Labour's re-election in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbs196730_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbs196730-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Savage returned to his <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> roots shortly before he died.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> included a <a href="/wiki/Requiem_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Requiem Mass">Requiem Mass</a> celebrated at the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_Wellington#Historic_ceremonies" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington">Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Hill St, Wellington</a> before his body was taken amidst general and public mourning by train to Auckland, with frequent halts to allow local people and dignitaries to pay their last respects; the journey was carried live on the radio. The lugubrious funeral music and speeches was lightened on arrival in Auckland when the announcer intoned reverently "Sir <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Davis_(brewer)" title="Ernest Davis (brewer)">Ernest Davis</a> is passing round the <a href="/wiki/Bier" title="Bier">bier</a>"; Davis, the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Auckland_City" title="Mayor of Auckland City">Auckland mayor</a>, was a wealthy brewer.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was interred initially in a temporarily adapted harbour defence gun installation. He was soon after removed to a side chapel of <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Auckland" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Auckland">St Patrick's Cathedral</a> in Auckland, while a national competition was announced, decided, and the winning design of the monumental tomb and memorial gardens at Bastion Point constructed, forming his permanent resting site. </p><p>Savage lies buried at <a href="/wiki/Bastion_Point" title="Bastion Point">Bastion Point</a> on <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> waterfront in the Savage Memorial,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a clifftop <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> crowned by a tall <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minaret</a>, and fronted by an extensive memorial garden and <a href="/wiki/Reflecting_pool" title="Reflecting pool">reflecting pool</a>. Savage's body is interred in a vertical shaft below the sarcophagus.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1941, a competition was run by the New Zealand Government for the design of the mausoleum, won by Auckland architects Tibor Donner and Anthony Bartlett. Work begun on the memorial in June 1941, which was completed by March 1942 and officially opened in March 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michael Joseph Savage is admired from many sides of the political spectrum and is known as the architect of the New Zealand welfare state.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Labour government provided the foundations of the <a href="/wiki/Post-war_consensus#New_Zealand" title="Post-war consensus">post-war consensus</a>, based upon the assumption that <a href="/wiki/Full_employment" title="Full employment">full employment</a> would be maintained by <a href="/wiki/Keynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynesian">Keynesian</a> policies and that a greatly enlarged system of social services would be created. </p><p>He is considered by academics and historians to be one of New Zealand's greatest and most revered prime ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Archives_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archives-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often called "Everybody's Uncle", his genial and charismatic personality,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (January 2023)">tone</span></a></i>]</sup> and his skills as an orator, were largely responsible for public acceptance of his government's radical policies. Exemplifying his enthusiasm for his government's policies, Savage personally assisted a family in Fife Lane, <a href="/wiki/Miramar,_New_Zealand" title="Miramar, New Zealand">Miramar, Wellington</a>, to move their furniture into the first of the government's 1930s state houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Stenson_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stenson-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The iconic 1935 portrait of Savage was hung in many New Zealand homes in the 1930s and 1940s, and previous prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> had a framed copy in her <a href="/wiki/Beehive_(New_Zealand)" title="Beehive (New Zealand)">Beehive</a> office. In December 2020, the original <a href="/wiki/Negative_(photography)" title="Negative (photography)">negative</a> of the portrait was discovered in <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa">Te Papa</a>'s collections.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savage served as patron of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby_League" title="New Zealand Rugby League">New Zealand Rugby League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Herald_2998849_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_2998849-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Savage was awarded the title of "New Zealander of the Century" by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Zealand ministries">List of New Zealand ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_New_Zealand" title="Socialism in New Zealand">Socialism in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_New_Zealand_Parliament_who_died_in_office" title="List of members of the New Zealand Parliament who died in office">List of members of the New Zealand Parliament who died in office</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1998" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gustafson, Barry (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4s9/savage-michael-joseph">"Savage, Michael Joseph"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Savage%2C+Michael+Joseph&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F4s9%2Fsavage-michael-joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbs196732-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbs196732_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHobbs1967">Hobbs 1967</a>, pp. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNZB_Savage-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Savage_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Vol. CXXI, no. 135. 9 June 1936. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Control+by+Minister&rft.volume=CXXI&rft.issue=135&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1936-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FEP19360609.2.27.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM19360701.2.74">"Broadcasting Portfolio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Evening_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Evening Mail">Nelson Evening Mail</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nelson+Evening+Mail&rft.atitle=Broadcasting+Portfolio&rft.volume=LXX&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1936-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FNEM19360701.2.74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986193–4-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986193–4_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, pp. 193–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985117-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985117_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1985">Wilson 1985</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986185-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986185_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986185_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerendsen2009" class="citation book cs1">Berendsen, Carl (2009). <i>Mr Ambassador: Memoirs of Sir Carl Berendsen</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhistory.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Prime+minister+declares+New+Zealand%27s+support+for+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fpm-declares-new-zealands-support-for-britain-in-famous-radio-broadcast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986255-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986255_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, pp. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hensley-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hensley_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHensley2009" class="citation book cs1">Hensley, Gerald (2009). <i>Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and its Allies 1939–45</i>. North Shore, Auckland: Viking/Penguin. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-06-700-7404-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-06-700-7404-4"><bdi>978-06-700-7404-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Battlefield%3A+New+Zealand+and+its+Allies+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=North+Shore%2C+Auckland&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Viking%2FPenguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-06-700-7404-4&rft.aulast=Hensley&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobbs196730-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobbs196730_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHobbs1967">Hobbs 1967</a>, pp. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson" class="citation book cs1">Gustafson, Barry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/savage-michael-joseph-8346">"Michael Joseph (Mick) Savage (1872–1940)"</a>. <i>Savage, Michael Joseph (1872–1940)</i>. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michael+Joseph+%28Mick%29+Savage+%281872%E2%80%931940%29&rft.btitle=Savage%2C+Michael+Joseph+%281872%E2%80%931940%29&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fsavage-michael-joseph-8346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHensley2009" class="citation book cs1">Hensley, Gerald (2009). <i>Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and its Allies 1939–45</i>. North Shore Auckland: Viking/Penguin. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-06-700-7404-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-06-700-7404-4"><bdi>978-06-700-7404-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Battlefield%3A+New+Zealand+and+its+Allies+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=North+Shore+Auckland&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Viking%2FPenguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-06-700-7404-4&rft.aulast=Hensley&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathanBruce_Hayward2010" class="citation web cs1">Nathan, Simon; Bruce Hayward (27 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/building-stone/5">"Story: Building stone"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Story%3A+Building+stone&rft.pub=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2010-10-27&rft.aulast=Nathan&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Bruce+Hayward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbuilding-stone%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher2013" class="citation news cs1">Fletcher, Kelsey (10 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/8283594/King-find-recalls-Savage-mystery">"King find recalls Savage mystery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=King+find+recalls+Savage+mystery&rft.date=2013-02-10&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Kelsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F8283594%2FKing-find-recalls-Savage-mystery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/national-monuments-war-graves/savage-memorial">"Savage Memorial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manat%C5%AB_Taonga_Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a>. 25 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savage+Memorial&rft.pub=Manat%C5%AB+Taonga+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmch.govt.nz%2Fnz-identity-heritage%2Fnational-monuments-war-graves%2Fsavage-memorial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/201815361/who-was-our-best-prime-minister">"Who was our best Prime Minister? | Jesse Mulligan, 1–4pm, 2:30 pm on 8 September 2016 | RNZ"</a>. Radio New Zealand. 8 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+was+our+best+Prime+Minister%3F+%7C+Jesse+Mulligan%2C+1%E2%80%934pm%2C+2%3A30+pm+on+8+September+2016+%7C+RNZ&rft.pub=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fprogrammes%2Fafternoons%2Faudio%2F201815361%2Fwho-was-our-best-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stenson-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stenson_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stenson, Marcia (2003). <i>Illustrated history of New Zealand</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781869416027" title="Special:BookSources/9781869416027">9781869416027</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/123617330/te-papa-discovers-original-negative-of-famous-michael-joseph-savage-portrait">"Te Papa discovers original negative of famous Michael Joseph Savage portrait"</a>. <i>Stuff</i>. 6 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Te+Papa+discovers+original+negative+of+famous+Michael+Joseph+Savage+portrait&rft.date=2020-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F123617330%2Fte-papa-discovers-original-negative-of-famous-michael-joseph-savage-portrait&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_Herald_2998849-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Herald_2998849_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessup,_Peter2002" class="citation news cs1">Jessup, Peter (12 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=2998849">"Kiwi players let their hair down at Clark bash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Kiwi+players+let+their+hair+down+at+Clark+bash&rft.date=2002-10-12&rft.au=Jessup%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D2998849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10360355">"NZer of the Year: Previous winners"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 16 December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=NZer+of+the+Year%3A+Previous+winners&rft.date=2005-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10360355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1962" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Bruce (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofnewzealand0000brow"><i>The Rise of New Zealand Labour: A history of the New Zealand Labour Party</i></a></span>. Wellington: Price Milburn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+New+Zealand+Labour%3A+A+history+of+the+New+Zealand+Labour+Party&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Price+Milburn&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofnewzealand0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranksMcAloon2016" class="citation book cs1">Franks, Peter; McAloon, Jim (2016). <i>Labour: The New Zealand Labour Party 1916–2016</i>. Wellington: Victoria University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77656-074-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77656-074-5"><bdi>978-1-77656-074-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour%3A+The+New+Zealand+Labour+Party+1916%E2%80%932016&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-77656-074-5&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=McAloon%2C+Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a> (1980). <i>Labour's path to political independence: the origins and establishment of the NZ Labour Party 1900–1919</i>. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-647986-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-647986-X"><bdi>0-19-647986-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour%27s+path+to+political+independence%3A+the+origins+and+establishment+of+the+NZ+Labour+Party+1900%E2%80%931919&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-19-647986-X&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a> (1986). <i>From the Cradle to the Grave: a biography of Michael Joseph Savage</i>. Auckland: Reed Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-474-00138-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-474-00138-5"><bdi>0-474-00138-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Cradle+to+the+Grave%3A+a+biography+of+Michael+Joseph+Savage&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Reed+Methuen&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-474-00138-5&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs1967" class="citation book cs1">Hobbs, Leslie (1967). <i>The Thirty-Year Wonders</i>. Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Thirty-Year+Wonders&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Whitcombe+and+Tombs&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholefield1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Scholefield" title="Guy Scholefield">Scholefield, Guy</a> (1950) [First published in 1913]. <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949</i> (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Record%2C+1840%E2%80%931949&rft.place=Wellington&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Govt.+Printer&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Scholefield&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Sinclair, Keith</a> (1976). <i>Walter Nash</i>. Auckland: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-647949-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-647949-5"><bdi>0-19-647949-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Nash&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-19-647949-5&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1985" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984</i> (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154283103">154283103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Record%2C+1840%E2%80%931984&rft.place=Wellington&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=V.R.+Ward%2C+Govt.+Printer&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154283103&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=James+Oakley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Joseph_Savage" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021207045504/http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1935savage.html">Official biography</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngataonga.org.nz/search-use-collection/search/36342/">"Funeral Processin for Hon M J Savage (audio, 1940)"</a>. Nga Taonga (NZ). 1940.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Funeral+Processin+for+Hon+M+J+Savage+%28audio%2C+1940%29&rft.pub=Nga+Taonga+%28NZ%29&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngataonga.org.nz%2Fsearch-use-collection%2Fsearch%2F36342%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Joseph+Savage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/026008">Newspaper clippings about Michael Joseph Savage</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Poole" title="Charles Poole">Charles Poole</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Auckland_West" title="Auckland West">Auckland West</a> </b><br />1919–1940 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carr_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Peter Carr (New Zealand politician)">Peter Carr</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1933–1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">George Forbes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">George Forbes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1935–1940 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Langstone" title="Frank Langstone">Frank Langstone</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_M%C4%81ori_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Māori Affairs">Minister of Native Affairs</a> </b><br />1935–1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> </b><br />1935–1940 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Broadcasting,_Communications_and_Digital_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Broadcasting, Communications and Digital Media">Minister of Broadcasting</a> </b><br />1936–1940 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Glover (New Zealand politician)">John Glover</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a> </b><br />1919–1920 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Moses_Ayrton" title="Moses Ayrton">Moses Ayrton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Deputy Leader of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1923–1933 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party</a> </b><br />1933–1940 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michael_Joseph_Savage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Template:Michael Joseph Savage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Template talk:Michael Joseph Savage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michael Joseph Savage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michael_Joseph_Savage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Joseph Savage</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> (1935–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Leader of the Labour Party</a> (1933–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of New Zealand">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Auckland_West_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland West (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland West</a> (1919–40)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">1935–1940</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Michael_Joseph_Savage_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="3322" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1933_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1933 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1933</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Electoral history of Michael Joseph Savage">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act_1938" title="Social Security Act 1938">Social Security Act 1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_affair" title="Lee affair">Lee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_abdication_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII abdication crisis">Edward VIII abdication crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template talk:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premiers and prime ministers of New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sewell" title="Henry Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Domett" title="Alfred Domett">Domett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Weld" title="Frederick Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Waterhouse_(politician)" title="George Waterhouse (politician)">Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pollen" title="Daniel Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Hall (New Zealand politician)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stout" title="Robert Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ballance" title="John Ballance">Ballance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hall-Jones" title="William Hall-Jones">Hall-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackenzie" title="Thomas Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">Forbes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt" title="Hugh Watt">Watt</a> (acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Prime_Ministers_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand (page does not exist)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_Labour_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Template:New Zealand Labour Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Template talk:New Zealand Labour Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand Labour Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_Labour_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">New Zealand Labour Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Leaders</span></a><br /><small>Names in bold served <br />as prime minister</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hindmarsh" title="Alfred Hindmarsh">Alfred Hindmarsh</a> (1916–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a> (1919–33)</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Joseph Savage</a></b> (1933–40)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></b> (1940–50)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a></b> (1950–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> (1963–65)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a></b> (1965–74)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a></b> (1974–83)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a></b> (1983–89)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a></b> (1989–90)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Mike Moore</a></b> (1990–93)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a></b> (1993–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Goff" title="Phil Goff">Phil Goff</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Shearer" title="David Shearer">David Shearer</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cunliffe" title="David Cunliffe">David Cunliffe</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Little_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)">Andrew Little</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a></b> (2017–23)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a></b> (2023–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Deputy leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a> (1919–23)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Joseph Savage</a> (1923–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> (1933–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a> (1940–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Skinner" title="Jerry Skinner">Jerry Skinner</a> (1951–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hackett" title="Fred Hackett">Fred Hackett</a> (1962–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt" title="Hugh Watt">Hugh Watt</a> (1963–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Tizard" title="Bob Tizard">Bob Tizard</a> (1974–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a> (1979–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a> (1983–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> (1989–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Caygill" title="David Caygill">David Caygill</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> (1996–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_King" title="Annette King">Annette King</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Robertson" title="Grant Robertson">Grant Robertson</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Parker (New Zealand politician)">David Parker</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_King" title="Annette King">Annette King</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Davis_(politician)" title="Kelvin Davis (politician)">Kelvin Davis</a> (2017–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Sepuloni" title="Carmel Sepuloni">Carmel Sepuloni</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1919 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1920 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1921 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1933 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1940 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1963 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1965 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1980 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1983 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1988 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1993 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1996 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2008 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2011 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2013 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2014 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2023 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Internal_offices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal offices</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="President of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Party presidents</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a> (1917–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paul_(politician)" title="Tom Paul (politician)">Tom Paul</a> (1918–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> (1920–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cooke_(socialist)" title="Frederick Cooke (socialist)">Frederick Cooke</a> (1921–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brindle_(politician)" title="Tom Brindle (politician)">Tom Brindle</a> (1922–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Semple" title="Bob Semple">Bob Semple</a> (1926–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archer_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Archer (New Zealand politician)">John Archer</a> (1928–29)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorn" title="Jim Thorn">Jim Thorn</a> (1929–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Mason" title="Rex Mason">Rex Mason</a> (1931–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jordan_(politician)" title="Bill Jordan (politician)">Bill Jordan</a> (1932–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Langstone" title="Frank Langstone">Frank Langstone</a> (1933–34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Armstrong_(politician)" title="Tim Armstrong (politician)">Tim Armstrong</a> (1934–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a> (1935–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Carr" title="Clyde Carr">Clyde Carr</a> (1936–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roberts_(trade_unionist)" title="James Roberts (trade unionist)">James Roberts</a> (1937–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> (1950–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Moohan" title="Mick Moohan">Mick Moohan</a> (1955–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Finlay" title="Martyn Finlay">Martyn Finlay</a> (1960–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a> (1964–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Douglas_(politician)" title="Norman Douglas (politician)">Norman Douglas</a> (1966–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a> (1970–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bennett_(high_commissioner)" title="Charles Bennett (high commissioner)">Charles Bennett</a> (1973–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Faulkner" title="Arthur Faulkner">Arthur Faulkner</a> (1976–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Anderton" title="Jim Anderton">Jim Anderton</a> (1979–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson" title="Margaret Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Jones" title="Rex Jones">Rex Jones</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dyson" title="Ruth Dyson">Ruth Dyson</a> (1988–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryan_Street" title="Maryan Street">Maryan Street</a> (1993–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hirschfeld" title="Michael Hirschfeld">Michael Hirschfeld</a> (1995–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Harvey_(mayor)" title="Bob Harvey (mayor)">Bob Harvey</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Williams_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Williams (New Zealand politician)">Mike Williams</a> (2000–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Little_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)">Andrew Little</a> (2009–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moira_Coatsworth" title="Moira Coatsworth">Moira Coatsworth</a> (2011–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Haworth" title="Nigel Haworth">Nigel Haworth</a> (2015–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Szab%C3%B3" title="Claire Szabó">Claire Szabó</a> (2019–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Day_(politician)" title="Jill Day (politician)">Jill Day</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">General secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Glover (New Zealand politician)">John Glover</a> (1916–19)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Joseph Savage</a> (1919–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Ayrton" title="Moses Ayrton">Moses Ayrton</a> (1920–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a> (1922–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorn" title="Jim Thorn">Jim Thorn</a> (1932–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Wilson (New Zealand politician)">David Wilson</a> (1936–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Moohan" title="Mick Moohan">Mick Moohan</a> (1940–48)</li> <li>Allan McDonald (1948–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wybrow" title="John Wybrow">John Wybrow</a> (1971–85)</li> <li>Tony Timms (1985–95)</li> <li>Rob Allen (1995–2000)</li> <li>Mike Smith (2001–08)</li> <li>Chris Flatt (2008–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Barnett_(politician)" title="Tim Barnett (politician)">Tim Barnett</a> (2012–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kirton" title="Andrew Kirton">Andrew Kirton</a> (2016–18)</li> <li>Andre Anderson (2018–20)</li> <li>Rob Salmond (2020–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Senior Whip of the Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Senior Whips</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a> (1916–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a> (1919–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Dan Sullivan (New Zealand politician)">Dan Sullivan</a> (1922–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jordan_(politician)" title="Bill Jordan (politician)">Bill Jordan</a> (1935–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McKeen" title="Robert McKeen">Robert McKeen</a> (1937–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Brien_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="James O'Brien (New Zealand politician)">James O'Brien</a> (1939–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Shapton_Richards" title="Arthur Shapton Richards">Arthur Shapton Richards</a> (1942–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Macfarlane_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Robert Macfarlane (New Zealand politician)">Robert Macfarlane</a> (1947–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Connolly" title="Phil Connolly">Phil Connolly</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cotterill" title="Joe Cotterill">Joe Cotterill</a> (1952–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Henry May (New Zealand politician)">Henry May</a> (1958–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Barclay" title="Ron Barclay">Ron Barclay</a> (1972–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Drayton" title="Roger Drayton">Roger Drayton</a> (1976–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Marshall" title="Russell Marshall">Russell Marshall</a> (1978–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician)">Jonathan Hunt</a> (1980–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Austin" title="Margaret Austin">Margaret Austin</a> (1987–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Mallard" title="Trevor Mallard">Trevor Mallard</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician)">Jonathan Hunt</a> (1990–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Burton_(politician)" title="Mark Burton (politician)">Mark Burton</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Barker" title="Rick Barker">Rick Barker</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benson-Pope" title="David Benson-Pope">David Benson-Pope</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Pettis" title="Jill Pettis">Jill Pettis</a> (2004–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Barnett_(politician)" title="Tim Barnett (politician)">Tim Barnett</a> (2005–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Hughes" title="Darren Hughes">Darren Hughes</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Barker" title="Rick Barker">Rick Barker</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Moroney" title="Sue Moroney">Sue Moroney</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> (2014–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Faafoi" title="Kris Faafoi">Kris Faafoi</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dyson" title="Ruth Dyson">Ruth Dyson</a> (2017–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wood_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Michael Wood (New Zealand politician)">Michael Wood</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_McAnulty" title="Kieran McAnulty">Kieran McAnulty</a> (2020–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Webb" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi_Utikere" title="Tangi Utikere">Tangi Utikere</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Organisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organisation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Current members <br />of parliament<small><br />Names without <br />electorates are <a href="/wiki/List_MP" title="List MP"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">list MPs</span></a></small><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_MPs" title="List of New Zealand Labour Party MPs"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of former MPs</span></a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Leader:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Remutaka_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Remutaka (New Zealand electorate)">Remutaka</a>)</span></li> <li><b>Deputy Leader:</b> <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Sepuloni" title="Carmel Sepuloni">Carmel Sepuloni</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kelston_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kelston (New Zealand electorate)">Kelston</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginny_Andersen" title="Ginny Andersen">Ginny Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Belich" title="Camilla Belich">Camilla Belich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Bennett" title="Glen Bennett">Glen Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Boyack" title="Rachel Boyack">Rachel Boyack</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nelson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Nelson (New Zealand electorate)">Nelson</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brooking" title="Rachel Brooking">Rachel Brooking</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Davidson" title="Reuben Davidson">Reuben Davidson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Christchurch_East" title="Christchurch East">Christchurch East</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Edmonds" title="Barbara Edmonds">Barbara Edmonds</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mana_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mana (New Zealand electorate)">Mana</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanan_Halbert" title="Shanan Halbert">Shanan Halbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peeni_Henare" title="Peeni Henare">Peeni Henare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Jackson_(politician)" title="Willie Jackson (politician)">Willie Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Leary" title="Ingrid Leary">Ingrid Leary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Taieri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taieri (New Zealand electorate)">Taieri</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Luxton" title="Jo Luxton">Jo Luxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_McAnulty" title="Kieran McAnulty">Kieran McAnulty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracey_McLellan" title="Tracey McLellan">Tracey McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_O%27Connor" title="Damien O'Connor">Damien O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_O%27Connor_(politician)" title="Greg O'Connor (politician)">Greg O'Connor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C4%81riu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ōhāriu (New Zealand electorate)">Ōhāriu</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Parker (New Zealand politician)">David Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow-Jean_Prime" title="Willow-Jean Prime">Willow-Jean Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyanca_Radhakrishnan" title="Priyanca Radhakrishnan">Priyanca Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Rurawhe" title="Adrian Rurawhe">Adrian Rurawhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Russell" title="Deborah Russell">Deborah Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Salesa" title="Jenny Salesa">Jenny Salesa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Panmure-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Panmure-Ōtāhuhu">Panmure-Ōtāhuhu</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemauga_Lydia_Sosene" title="Lemauga Lydia Sosene">Lemauga Lydia Sosene</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Māngere (New Zealand electorate)">Māngere</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushla_Tangaere-Manuel" title="Cushla Tangaere-Manuel">Cushla Tangaere-Manuel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ikaroa-R%C4%81whiti" title="Ikaroa-Rāwhiti">Ikaroa-Rāwhiti</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinetti" title="Jan Tinetti">Jan Tinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Twyford" title="Phil Twyford">Phil Twyford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Te_Atat%C5%AB_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Te Atatū (New Zealand electorate)">Te Atatū</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi_Utikere" title="Tangi Utikere">Tangi Utikere</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)">Palmerston North</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Verrall" title="Ayesha Verrall">Ayesha Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Webb" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Central" title="Christchurch Central">Christchurch Central</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_White_(politician)" title="Helen White (politician)">Helen White</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mount_Albert_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)">Mount Albert</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Williams" title="Arena Williams">Arena Williams</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Manurewa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manurewa (New Zealand electorate)">Manurewa</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Woods" title="Megan Woods">Megan Woods</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Wigram_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wigram (New Zealand electorate)">Wigram</a>)</span></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Related organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Vision" title="City Vision">City Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Choice_(political_ticket)" title="The People's Choice (political ticket)">The People's Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Street_Labour" title="Princes Street Labour">Princes Street Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Labour" title="Rainbow Labour">Rainbow Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana" title="Rātana">Rātana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VicLabour" title="VicLabour">VicLabour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Labour" title="New Zealand Young Labour">Young Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">History and related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal%E2%80%93Labour_(New_Zealand)" title="Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)">Liberal–Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Unity_Conferences" title="Labour Unity Conferences">Labour Unity Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_affair" title="Lee affair">Lee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Budget_(New_Zealand)" title="Black Budget (New Zealand)">Black Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Affair" title="Mason Affair">Mason Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Time_(New_Zealand_campaign)" title="It's Time (New Zealand campaign)">It's Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Rowling" title="Citizens for Rowling">Citizens for Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyle_Affair" title="Moyle Affair">Moyle Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Chip_Brigade" title="Fish and Chip Brigade">Fish and Chip Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_loan_affair" title="Māori loan affair">Māori loan affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backbone_club" title="Backbone club">Backbone club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closing_the_Gaps" title="Closing the Gaps">Closing the Gaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helengrad" title="Helengrad">Helengrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corngate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corngate">Corngate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">Foreshore and seabed controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KiwiSaver" title="KiwiSaver">KiwiSaver</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Labour governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First</a> (1935–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Second</a> (1957–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third Labour Government of New Zealand">Third</a> (1972–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fourth</a> (1984–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fifth</a> (1999–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Sixth</a> (2017–23)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Norman_Kirk" title="Shadow Cabinet of Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Bill_Rowling" title="Shadow Cabinet of Bill Rowling">Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Lange" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Mike_Moore" title="Shadow Cabinet of Mike Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Helen_Clark" title="Shadow Cabinet of Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Phil_Goff" title="Shadow Cabinet of Phil Goff">Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Shearer" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Shearer">Shearer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Cunliffe" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Cunliffe">Cunliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Andrew_Little" title="Shadow Cabinet of Andrew Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jacinda_Ardern" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Chris_Hipkins" title="Shadow Cabinet of Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Predecessor parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">New Zealand Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party" title="New Zealand Socialist Party">New Zealand Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Political_Labour_League" title="Independent Political Labour League">Independent Political Labour League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)" title="New Zealand Labour Party (1910)">New Zealand Labour Party (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Labour_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Labour Party (New Zealand)">United Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371015#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371015#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1486980">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/220348/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfx96TYy9FGGyThf4fpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86046753">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1468368">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/savage-michael-joseph-8346">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/savage-michael-joseph-mick-8346">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6133b1w">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/35009">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&oldid=1244530195">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Joseph_Savage&oldid=1244530195</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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