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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of fashion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_fashion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of fashion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haute_couture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haute_couture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Haute couture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haute_couture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ready-to-wear_(pret-a-porter)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ready-to-wear_(pret-a-porter)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ready-to-wear_(pret-a-porter)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mass market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fashion design</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeontwerp" title="Modeontwerp – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Modeontwerp" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="تصميم أزياء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصميم أزياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dise%C3%B1u_de_moda" title="Diseñu de moda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Diseñu de moda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99b_konstruksiyas%C4%B1" title="Dəb konstruksiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəb konstruksiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="বেশভূষাশৈলী নকশাকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেশভূষাশৈলী নকশাকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenyo_nin_moda" title="Desenyo nin moda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Desenyo nin moda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Моден дизайн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Моден дизайн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseny_de_moda" title="Disseny de moda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Disseny de moda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modedesign" title="Modedesign – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Modedesign" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modedesign" title="Modedesign – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Modedesign" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moedisain" title="Moedisain – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Moedisain" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σχέδιο μόδας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σχέδιο μόδας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fashion design" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dise%C3%B1o_de_moda" title="Diseño de moda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diseño de moda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfasono" title="Vestfasono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vestfasono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AF" title="طراحی مد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طراحی مد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylisme" title="Stylisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stylisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dese%C3%B1o_de_moda" title="Deseño de moda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Deseño de moda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EC%85%98_%EB%94%94%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B8" title="패션 디자인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패션 디자인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="फ़ैशन डिज़ाइनर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़ैशन डिज़ाइनर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_busana" title="Tata busana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata busana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_della_moda" title="Design della moda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Design della moda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94" title="עיצוב אופנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצוב אופנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%95(%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%95)" title="ಫ್ಯಾಷನ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕ(ರೂಪದರ್ಶಿಗಳ ಉಡುಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ಯಾಷನ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕ(ರೂಪದರ್ಶಿಗಳ ಉಡುಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moudendesign" title="Moudendesign – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Moudendesign" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Модно творештво – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Модно творештво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="تصميم هدوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تصميم هدوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reka_bentuk_fesyen" title="Reka bentuk fesyen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Reka bentuk fesyen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ファッションデザイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファッションデザイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_de_moda" title="Design de moda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Design de moda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_vestimentar" title="Design vestimentar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Design vestimentar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizajni_i_mod%C3%ABs" title="Dizajni i modës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dizajni i modës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="විලාසිතා නිර්මාණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විලාසිතා නිර්මාණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Модни дизајн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Модни дизајн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="ఫ్యాషన్ టెక్నాలజీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్యాషన్ టెక్నాలజీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="การออกแบบแฟชั่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การออกแบบแฟชั่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Модний дизайн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Модний дизайн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%82%E8%A3%9D%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="時裝設計 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="時裝設計" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%B0%9A%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="時尚設計 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="時尚設計" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DiorBohan1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/DiorBohan1.JPG/230px-DiorBohan1.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/DiorBohan1.JPG/345px-DiorBohan1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/DiorBohan1.JPG/460px-DiorBohan1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>A simple haute couture evening gown designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Bohan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Bohan (not yet started)">Marc Bohan</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Dior" title="Christian Dior">House of Dior</a>, Spring 1983</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%A9za_Farag%C3%B3_plak%C3%A1t_G%C3%B3lya_%C3%A1ruh%C3%A1z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/G%C3%A9za_Farag%C3%B3_plak%C3%A1t_G%C3%B3lya_%C3%A1ruh%C3%A1z.jpg/300px-G%C3%A9za_Farag%C3%B3_plak%C3%A1t_G%C3%B3lya_%C3%A1ruh%C3%A1z.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/G%C3%A9za_Farag%C3%B3_plak%C3%A1t_G%C3%B3lya_%C3%A1ruh%C3%A1z.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Fashion house poster from <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg/300px-Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg/450px-Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg/600px-Ch%C3%A9ruit_Salon_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_Ch%C3%A9ruit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise Chéruit (not yet started)">Chéruit</a> salon on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_Vend%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place Vendôme (not yet started)">Place Vendôme</a> in Paris, 1910</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fashion design</b> is the art and profession of designing <a href="/wiki/Clothes" class="mw-redirect" title="Clothes">clothes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">costume</a> and related items like <a href="/wiki/Hats" class="mw-redirect" title="Hats">hats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purse" class="mw-redirect" title="Purse">purses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">bags</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoes">shoes</a>. </p><p>Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as attractive. They consider who is likely to wear a <a href="/wiki/Garment" class="mw-redirect" title="Garment">garment</a> and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a range of materials to work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose from. </p><p>Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of <a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bespoke_tailoring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bespoke tailoring (not yet started)">bespoke tailoring</a>. Today, most clothing is designed for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mass market (not yet started)">mass market</a>, especially casual and every-day wear. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fashion design started in the 19th century with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Worth">Charles Frederick Worth</a>, who was the first designer to have his <a href="/wiki/Label" class="mw-disambig" title="Label">label</a> sewn into the garments he created. Worth's success was such that he was able to dictate to his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Customers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customers (not yet started)">customers</a> what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier <a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">dressmakers</a> had done. The term <i>couturier</i> was in fact first created in order to describe him. While all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 is considered fashion design. </p><p>During this period many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments. The images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom. If the client liked their design, they ordered it and the resulting garment made money for the house. Thus, the tradition of designers sketching out garment designs began as an economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_fashion">Types of fashion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Types of fashion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Types of fashion"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The garments produced by clothing manufacturers fall into three main categories, although these may be split up into additional, more specific categories </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haute_couture">Haute couture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Haute couture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Haute couture"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">Haute couture</a></div> <p>Until the 1950s, fashion clothing was predominately designed and manufactured on a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Made-to-measure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Made-to-measure (not yet started)">made-to-measure</a> or <a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a> basis. Each garment was made for a specific client. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer, and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the high cost of each garment, haute couture makes little direct profit for the fashion houses, but is important for prestige and publicity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ready-to-wear_(pret-a-porter)"><span id="Ready-to-wear_.28pret-a-porter.29"></span>Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ready-to-wear clothes have elements of haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Week&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fashion Week (not yet started)">Fashion Week</a>. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include, spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim, and bridal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_market">Mass market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Mass market" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mass market"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear garments using trends set by the famous names in fashion. They often wait around a season to make sure a style is going to catch on before producing their own versions of the original look. In order to save money and time, they use cheaper fabrics and simpler production techniques which can easily be done by machine. The end product can therefore be sold much more cheaply.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162836/http://www.hautecouturenews.com/what-is-haute-couture/">"What is Haute Couture?"</a>. <i>Haute Couture Hot</i>. HauteCoutureNews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hautecouturenews.com/what-is-haute-couture/">the original</a> on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haute+Couture+Hot&rft.atitle=What+is+Haute+Couture%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hautecouturenews.com%2Fwhat-is-haute-couture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFashion+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPauline_Weston_Thomas" class="citation web cs1">Pauline Weston Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fashion-era.com/haute_couture.htm">"Haute Couture Fashion History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Article)</span>. <i>Fashion-Era.com</i>. Fashion-Era.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fashion-Era.com&rft.atitle=Haute+Couture+Fashion+History&rft.au=Pauline+Weston+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffashion-era.com%2Fhaute_couture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFashion+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412232500/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG7883236/Haute-couture-Making-a-loss-is-the-height-of-fashion.html">"Haute couture: making a loss is the height of fashion"</a>. <i>telegraph.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG7883236/Haute-couture-Making-a-loss-is-the-height-of-fashion.html">the original</a> on 2015-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Haute+couture%3A+making+a+loss+is+the+height+of+fashion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffashion.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews-features%2FTMG7883236%2FHaute-couture-Making-a-loss-is-the-height-of-fashion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFashion+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_Valenti2012" class="citation web cs1">Catherine Valenti (1 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=87177&page=1#.T68WL9kZHIU">"Designers Flock to Mass-Market Retailers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Article)</span>. <i>ABC News</i>. ABC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Designers+Flock+to+Mass-Market+Retailers&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft.au=Catherine+Valenti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FBusiness%2Fstory%3Fid%3D87177%26page%3D1%23.T68WL9kZHIU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFashion+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSameer_Reddy2008" class="citation web cs1">Sameer Reddy (31 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/10/31/out-from-underground.html">"Out from Underground"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Article)</span>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. Newsweek Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Out+from+Underground&rft.date=2008-10-31&rft.au=Sameer+Reddy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fnewsweek%2F2008%2F10%2F31%2Fout-from-underground.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFashion+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStephania_Lara2010" class="citation web cs1">Stephania Lara (22 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102205229/http://www.utepprospector.com/news/mass-market-broached-by-high-end-fashion-1.1494091#.T68YgNkZHIU">"Mass market broached by high-end fashion"</a>. <i>The Prospector</i>. College Media Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utepprospector.com/news/mass-market-broached-by-high-end-fashion-1.1494091#.T68YgNkZHIU">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Article)</span> on 2 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Prospector&rft.atitle=Mass+market+broached+by+high-end+fashion&rft.date=2010-06-22&rft.au=Stephania+Lara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utepprospector.com%2Fnews%2Fmass-market-broached-by-high-end-fashion-1.1494091%23.T68YgNkZHIU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AFashion+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&oldid=9518889">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_design&oldid=9518889</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fashion" title="Category:Fashion">Fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Design" title="Category:Design">Design</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 2 May 2024, at 01:13.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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