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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background: #78CDED;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exams</a>    •    <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Awards" title="Advanced Placement Awards">Awards</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> Current subjects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_African_American_Studies" title="AP African American Studies">African American Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_and_Design" title="AP Art and Design">Art and Design (2-D, 3-D, and Drawing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_History" title="AP Art History">Art History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Biology" title="AP Biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus" title="AP Calculus">Calculus (AB and BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chemistry" title="AP Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chinese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Chinese Language and Culture">Chinese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Comparative_Government_and_Politics" title="AP Comparative Government and Politics">Comparative Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">Computer Science Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Language_and_Composition" title="AP English Language and Composition">English Language and Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Literature_and_Composition" title="AP English Literature and Composition">English Literature and Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science" title="AP Environmental Science">Environmental Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_European_History" title="AP European History">European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Language_and_Culture" title="AP French Language and Culture">French Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Language_and_Culture" title="AP German Language and Culture">German Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Human_Geography" title="AP Human Geography">Human Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">Italian Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Japanese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Japanese Language and Culture">Japanese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin" title="AP Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Macroeconomics" title="AP Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Microeconomics" title="AP Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Music_Theory" title="AP Music Theory">Music Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_1" title="AP Physics 1">Physics 1: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_2" title="AP Physics 2">Physics 2: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Electricity_and_Magnetism" title="AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism">Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Mechanics" title="AP Physics C: Mechanics">Physics C: Mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">Precalculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Psychology" title="AP Psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone#AP_Research" title="AP Capstone">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone#AP_Seminar" title="AP Capstone">Seminar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Language and Culture">Spanish Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Literature_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Literature and Culture">Spanish Literature and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Statistics" title="AP Statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_Government_and_Politics" title="AP United States Government and Politics">U.S. Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_History" title="AP United States History">U.S. History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_World_History:_Modern" title="AP World History: Modern">World History: Modern</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> In development</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>Anatomy and Physiology</li> <li>Business Principles</li> <li>World History: Ancient</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> Former subjects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Computer Science AB">Computer Science AB</a> (discontinued 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_International_English_Language" title="AP International English Language">International English Language</a> (discontinued 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Literature" title="AP French Literature">French Literature</a> (discontinued 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German#AP_German_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="AP German">German Literature</a> (discontinued 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin_Literature" title="AP Latin Literature">Latin Literature</a> (discontinued 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin:_Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Latin: Vergil">Latin: Vergil</a> (discontinued 2012)</li> <li>Music Listening and Literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_B" title="AP Physics B">Physics B</a> (discontinued 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Russian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Russian Language and Culture">Russian Language and Culture</a> (discontinued 2010)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Template:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Template talk:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Advanced Placement</b> (<b>AP</b>) <b>examinations</b> are <a href="/wiki/Exam" title="Exam">exams</a> offered in United States by the <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a> and are taken each May by students. The tests are the culmination of year-long <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a> (AP) courses, which are typically offered at the <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> level. AP exams (with few exceptions<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) have a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. </p><p><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">AP Studio Art</a> requires students to submit a <a href="/wiki/Career_portfolio" title="Career portfolio">portfolio</a> for review. <a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">AP Computer Science Principles</a> requires students to complete the Create task, which is part of the AP grade for the class. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Exams_Taken_in_2013.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AP_Exams_Taken_in_2013.svg/300px-AP_Exams_Taken_in_2013.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AP_Exams_Taken_in_2013.svg/450px-AP_Exams_Taken_in_2013.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AP_Exams_Taken_in_2013.svg/600px-AP_Exams_Taken_in_2013.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>AP exams were taken by subject in 2013.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement_exams&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AP exams grew out of programs initiated in 1951. Part of the rationale for advanced placement given in 1952 was that "advanced standing at the normal college-entering age after high school graduation is more desirable, for many reasons, than acceleration of able students out of high school at age 15½ or 16...".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Advanced Placement exams were administered in 1954 by the <a href="/wiki/Educational_Testing_Service" title="Educational Testing Service">Educational Testing Service</a> (ETS) to students limited to 27 schools participating at that time. In 1955, the College Board assumed leadership of the program and testing, deciding on curricula and pedagogical approaches, while retaining ETS to design and score the tests. The exams were given nationally for the first time in May 1956, and students could take whichever tests they wanted for a single $10 fee. </p><p>The 2020 exams were taken as 45-minute online at-home exams due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spring_2020_exam_format_changes">Spring 2020 exam format changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement_exams&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spring 2020 exam format changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 20, <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a> announced<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> changes to the spring 2020 exams due to the impact of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> on school closings. The exams would be 45 minutes long with an online testing version for at-home exams. Any student already registered for an exam could choose to cancel at no charge. </p><p>On April 3, 2020, College Board announced more details in regards to specific AP tests.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The updates includes more information on the format and structure of the exam.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> College Board also put out new testing dates for the AP exams.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One major change to the AP exam is that the tests will be completely open-note.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students may use any class notes or other non-human resources for the exam.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, College Board will be providing a free distance learning curriculum<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Livestreaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Livestreaming">livestreaming</a> AP review lessons on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. </p><p>In order to make sure that students from underprivileged backgrounds do not face disadvantages in terms of technology to take the test, College Board further invested in technology resources, as that year's exam required the student to possess a smartphone, tablet, laptop, or computer and a reliable internet connection.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_AP_Classes">New AP Classes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement_exams&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New AP Classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Advanced_Placement_exams" title="Special:EditPage/Advanced Placement exams">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a> announced that <a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">AP Precalculus</a> will be offered to schools in the US starting in 2023-2024 school year. Students who wish to take <a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">AP Precalculus</a> must pass Geometry and Algebra 2 or qualify for <a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">AP Precalculus</a> Placement. The class will cover the usual Precalculus materials but more in depth and will be moving in faster pace. </p><p>After a two-year pilot at select US schools, <a href="/wiki/AP_African_American_Studies" title="AP African American Studies">AP African American Studies</a> will be offered to all US schools in the 2024-2025 school year and internationally in the 2025-2026 school year.The purpose of this class is to gain knowledge of African American history and culture as well as African Americans' contribution to the United States. This course also shows the importance of understanding the struggle of African Americans in the past. This class allows students to achieve educational advancement and other opportunities in the future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exam_grading">Exam grading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement_exams&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Exam grading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Advanced_Placement_exams" title="Special:EditPage/Advanced Placement exams">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The AP exams are graded each summer at a week-long "grading camp." Both high school AP teachers and university professors are invited to grade the exams at a predetermined location. When the AP Reading is over for a particular exam, the free response scores are combined with the results of computer-scored multiple-choice questions based upon a previously announced weighting. </p><p>The Chief Reader (a college or university faculty member selected by the <a href="/wiki/Educational_Testing_Service" title="Educational Testing Service">Educational Testing Service</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_College_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="The College Board">The College Board</a>) then meets with members of ETS and sets the cutoff scores for each AP Grade. The Chief Reader's decision is based upon what percentage of students earned each AP Grade over the previous three years, how students did on multiple-choice questions that are used on the test from year to year, how he or she viewed the overall quality of the answers to the free response questions, how university students who took the exam as PART A experimental studies did, and how students performed on different parts of the exam. </p><p>No one outside of ETS is allowed to find out a student's raw score on an AP Exam and the cutoff scores for a particular exam are only released to the public if that particular exam is released in total (this happens on a staggered schedule and occurs approximately once every five to seven years for each exam). Usually, a 70 to 75 percent out of 100 translates to a 5. However, there are some exams that are exceptions to this rule of thumb. The AP Grades that are reported to students, high schools, colleges, and universities in July are on AP's five-point scale: </p> <ul><li><b>5</b>: Extremely well qualified</li> <li><b>4</b>: Very well qualified</li> <li><b>3</b>: Qualified</li> <li><b>2</b>: Possibly qualified</li> <li><b>1</b>: No recommendation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="University_credit">University credit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement_exams&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: University credit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some colleges and universities in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> grant credits or advanced placement based on AP test scores; those in over twenty other countries do likewise. Policies vary by institution, but institutions that award credit usually require a score of 3 or higher on any given exam for credit to be granted or course prerequisites to be waived<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (and according to The College Board website, some will award an "A" grade for a 5 score).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Colleges may also take AP grades into account when deciding which students to accept, though this is not part of the official AP program. </p><p>One study<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found that 38% of top American universities cap the total amount of AP credits that students can receive credit for. Moreover, 75% of schools would not reward credit for at least one AP subject and 9 schools did not reward credit for any AP exam. The study concluded that not rewarding credits delayed graduation and increased costs for students. </p><p>Despite some similarities to <a href="/wiki/A_Levels" class="mw-redirect" title="A Levels">A Levels</a> in that students choose to specialize in certain subjects, AP testing does not follow the national education curriculum of the United Kingdom, nor is it used as the exams for that curriculum. In that system, AS and A levels (or equivalents) are used in order to gain entry into universities, colleges and other higher education options. They are also often used in job applications. AP exam scores are widely recognized in the admissions process around the world, but credits are only sometimes accepted outside of Canada and the United States. As of August 2019, the College Board provided a downloadable list of universities outside the US that recognize AP for admission and academic credit, in a file which they refer to as "Global Higher Education Recognition".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were hundreds of universities in dozens of countries around the world that recognized AP exam scores in their admission process. AP credit is more limited, but not uncommon in countries that offer four-year undergraduate degrees and accept outside credit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calculator_policies">Calculator policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement_exams&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Calculator policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AllowedCalculators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/AllowedCalculators.jpg/220px-AllowedCalculators.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/AllowedCalculators.jpg/330px-AllowedCalculators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/AllowedCalculators.jpg/440px-AllowedCalculators.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Allowed Calculators<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2022, AP students are allowed to use any of the approved calculators on tests that allow them, including some <a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> calculators.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement_exams&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRothschild1999" class="citation journal cs1">Rothschild, Eric (February 1999). 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AP exams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_History" title="AP Art History">Art History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Music_Theory" title="AP Music Theory">Music Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">Studio Art: 2-D Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">Studio Art: 3-D Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">Studio Art: Drawing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus#AP_Calculus_AB" title="AP Calculus">Calculus AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus#AP_Calculus_BC" title="AP Calculus">Calculus BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science A</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A#AP_Computer_Science_AB" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science AB</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">Computer Science Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">Precalculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Statistics" title="AP Statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Biology" title="AP Biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chemistry" title="AP Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science" title="AP Environmental Science">Environmental Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_1" title="AP Physics 1">Physics 1: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_2" title="AP Physics 2">Physics 2: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_B" title="AP Physics B">Physics B</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics#AP_Physics_C" title="AP Physics">Physics C</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Mechanics" title="AP Physics C: Mechanics">Physics C: Mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Electricity_and_Magnetism" title="AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism">Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World Languages & Cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chinese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Chinese Language and Culture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="AP French Language">French</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Literature" title="AP French Literature">French Literature</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="AP German Language">German</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="AP German Literature">German Literature</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Japanese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Japanese Language and Culture">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin" title="AP Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin_Literature" title="AP Latin Literature">Latin Literature</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Russian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Russian Language and Culture">Russian</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Spanish Language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Spanish Literature">Spanish Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs & apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Placement Program">Advanced Placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Level_Examination_Program" title="College Level Examination Program">College Level Examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Profile" title="CSS Profile">CSS Profile</a></li></ul> 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