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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succeeding_rulers_(1358–1422)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succeeding_rulers_(1358–1422)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Succeeding rulers (1358–1422)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succeeding_rulers_(1358–1422)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_rulers_(1422–1482)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_rulers_(1422–1482)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Later rulers (1422–1482)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_rulers_(1422–1482)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bidriware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidriware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bidriware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidriware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turquoise_Throne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turquoise_Throne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Turquoise Throne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turquoise_Throne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gunpowder_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gunpowder_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gunpowder weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gunpowder_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Bahmani_rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Bahmani_rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of Bahmani rulers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Bahmani_rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahmani Kingdom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="السلطنة البهمنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السلطنة البهمنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanatu_Bahmani" title="Sultanatu Bahmani – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sultanatu Bahmani" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99hm%C9%99ni_sultanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Bəhməni sultanlığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bəhməni sultanlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="بهمنی سولطانلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بهمنی سولطانلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="বাহমানি সালতানাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাহমানি সালতানাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanat_Bahm%C3%A0nida" title="Sultanat Bahmànida – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sultanat Bahmànida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanatet_af_Bahmani" title="Sultanatet af Bahmani – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sultanatet af Bahmani" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmani-Sultanat" title="Bahmani-Sultanat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bahmani-Sultanat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanato_bahman%C3%AD" title="Sultanato bahmaní – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sultanato bahmaní" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سلطان‌نشین بهمنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلطان‌نشین بهمنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanat_bahmanide" title="Sultanat bahmanide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sultanat bahmanide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%9D%90%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88_%EC%88%A0%ED%83%84%EA%B5%AD" title="바흐마니 술탄국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바흐마니 술탄국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4" title="बहमनी सल्तनत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहमनी सल्तनत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Bahmani" title="Kesultanan Bahmani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesultanan Bahmani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanato_di_Bahman" title="Sultanato di Bahman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sultanato di Bahman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಬಹಮನಿ ಸುಲ್ತಾನರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಹಮನಿ ಸುಲ್ತಾನರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ბაჰმანის სასულთნო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაჰმანის სასულთნო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmani_Szultan%C3%A1tus" title="Bahmani Szultanátus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bahmani Szultanátus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ബഹ്മനി സൽത്തനത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹ്മനി സൽത്തനത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4" title="बहामनी सल्तनत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बहामनी सल्तनत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmanidenrijk" title="Bahmanidenrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bahmanidenrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%95%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E6%9C%9D" title="バフマニー朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バフマニー朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmani-sultanatet" title="Bahmani-sultanatet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bahmani-sultanatet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmaniy_sultonligi" title="Bahmaniy sultonligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bahmaniy sultonligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4" title="ਬਹਿਮਨੀ ਸਲਤਨਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹਿਮਨੀ ਸਲਤਨਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="بہمنی سلطنت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بہمنی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C5%82tanat_Bahmanid%C3%B3w" title="Sułtanat Bahmanidów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sułtanat Bahmanidów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanato_B%C3%A2mani" title="Sultanato Bâmani – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sultanato Bâmani" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Бахманийский султанат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бахманийский султанат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" title="Bahmani Sultanate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bahmani Sultanate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmanin_sulttaanikunta" title="Bahmanin sulttaanikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bahmanin sulttaanikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahmanisultanatet" title="Bahmanisultanatet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bahmanisultanatet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாமினி சுல்தானகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாமினி சுல்தானகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="బహమనీ సామ్రాజ్యం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బహమనీ సామ్రాజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Салтанати Баҳманӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Салтанати Баҳманӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behmeni_Sultanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Behmeni Sultanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Behmeni Sultanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Бахмані – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бахмані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmani Sultanate</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kingdom in Deccan India (1347–1527)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bahmani" redirects here. For places in Iran, see <a href="/wiki/Bahmani,_Iran_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bahmani, Iran (disambiguation)">Bahmani, Iran</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Bahmani Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1347–1527</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Bahmani_Sultanate.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bahmani Sultanate at its greatest extent in 1473 under regent Mahmud Gawan[1][2]"><img alt="The Bahmani Sultanate at its greatest extent in 1473 under regent Mahmud Gawan[1][2]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Bahmani_Sultanate.png/250px-Map_of_the_Bahmani_Sultanate.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Bahmani_Sultanate.png/375px-Map_of_the_Bahmani_Sultanate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Bahmani_Sultanate.png/500px-Map_of_the_Bahmani_Sultanate.png 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The Bahmani Sultanate at its greatest extent in 1473 under regent <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan" title="Mahmud Gawan">Mahmud Gawan</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8-17_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8-17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">Sultanate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulbarga" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulbarga">Gulbarga</a> <small>(1347–1425)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a> <small>(1425–1527)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Language">Persian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsari1988494–499_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsari1988494–499-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Deccani</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi_1990_5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi_1990_5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_197849_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_197849-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1347–1358 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ala-ud-Din_Bahman_Shah" title="Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah">Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1525–1527 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Kalim-Allah Shah</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Late_Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Medieval">Late Medieval</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 August 1347</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1527</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_taka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient taka">Taka</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/20px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/30px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/40px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijapur Sultanate">Bijapur Sultanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Golconda_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Golconda Sultanate">Golconda Sultanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadnagar_Sultanate" title="Ahmadnagar Sultanate">Ahmadnagar Sultanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berar_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Berar Sultanate">Berar Sultanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bidar_Sultanate" title="Bidar Sultanate">Bidar Sultanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bahmani Kingdom</b> or the <b>Bahmani Sultanate</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Late_medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Late medieval">late medieval</a> kingdom that ruled the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan plateau">Deccan plateau</a> in India. The first independent Muslim <a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">sultanate</a> of the Deccan,<sup id="cite_ref-Ansari_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ansari-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Bahmani Kingdom came to power in 1347 during the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Ismail_Mukh" title="Rebellion of Ismail Mukh">rebellion of Ismail Mukh</a> against <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Tughlaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Tughlaq">Muhammad bin Tughlaq</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Delhi">Sultan of Delhi</a>. Ismail Mukh then abdicated in favour of <a href="/wiki/Ala-ud-Din_Bahman_Shah" title="Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah">Zafar Khan</a>, who established the Bahmani Sultanate. </p><p>The Bahmani Kingdom was perpetually at war with its neighbours, including its rival to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>, which outlasted the sultanate.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan_Madrasa" title="Mahmud Gawan Madrasa">Mahmud Gawan Madrasa</a> was created by <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan" title="Mahmud Gawan">Mahmud Gawan</a>, the vizier regent who was prime minister of the sultanate from 1466 until his execution in 1481 during a conflict between the foreign (Afaqis) and local (Deccanis) nobility. <a href="/wiki/Bidar_Fort" title="Bidar Fort">Bidar Fort</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I_Wali" title="Ahmad Shah I Wali">Ahmad Shah I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1422–36</span>), who relocated the capital to the city of <a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a>. Ahmad Shah led campaigns against Vijayanagar and the sultanates of <a href="/wiki/Malwa_Sultanate" title="Malwa Sultanate">Malwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Gujarat</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Bahmani%E2%80%93Vijayanagar_War_(1423)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1423)">campaign against Vijayanagar in 1423</a> included a siege of the capital, ending in the expansion of the Sultanate. Mahmud Gawan would later lead campaigns against Malwa, Vijayanagar, and the <a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Empire" title="Gajapati Empire">Gajapatis</a>, and extended the sultanate to its maximum extent. </p><p>The sultanate began to decline under <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Shah_Bahmani_II" title="Mahmood Shah Bahmani II">Mahmood Shah</a>. Through a combination of factional strife and the revolt of five provincial governors (<a href="/wiki/Bahmani_taraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani taraf">tarafdars</a>), the Bahmani Sultanate split up into five states, known as the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan sultanates</a>. The initial revolts of <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Adil_Shah" title="Yusuf Adil Shah">Yusuf Adil Shah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ahmad_Nizam_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I">Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fathullah_Imad-ul-Mulk" title="Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk">Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk</a> in 1490 and <a href="/wiki/Qasim_Barid_I" title="Qasim Barid I">Qasim Barid I</a> in 1492 saw the end of any real Bahmani power, and the last independent sultanate, <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Golkonda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Golkonda">Golkonda</a>, in 1518, ended the Bahmanis' 180 year rule over the <a href="/wiki/Deccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan">Deccan</a>. The last four Bahmani rulers were puppet monarchs under <a href="/wiki/Amir_Barid_I" title="Amir Barid I">Amir Barid I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bidar_Sultanate" title="Bidar Sultanate">Bidar Sultanate</a>, and the kingdom formally dissolved in 1527.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ala-ud-Din_Bahman_Shah" title="Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah">Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah</a></div> <p>The Bahmani Kingdom was founded by <a href="/wiki/Ala-ud-Din_Bahman_Shah" title="Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah">Zafar Khan</a>, who was of either <a href="/wiki/Afghan_(ethnonym)" title="Afghan (ethnonym)">Afghan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Iranica">Encyclopedia Iranica</a></i> states him to be a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasani</a> adventurer, who claimed descent from <a href="/wiki/Bahram_Gur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahram Gur">Bahrām Gōr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the medieval historian <a href="/wiki/Ferishta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferishta">Ferishta</a>, his obscurity makes it difficult to track his origin, but he is nonetheless stated as of Afghan birth.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferishta further writes, Zafar Khan had earlier been a servant of a <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> astrologer at Delhi named <a href="/wiki/Gangu_(ruler)" title="Gangu (ruler)">Gangu</a>, giving him the name Hasan Gangu,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and says that he was from North India.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians have not found any corroboration for the legend,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandra2004177_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandra2004177-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967248_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967248-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Barani" title="Ziauddin Barani">Barani</a>, who was the court chronicler of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Firuz_Shah_Tughlaq" title="Firuz Shah Tughlaq">Firuz Shah</a>, as well as some other scholars have also called him Hasan Gangu.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another theory of origin for Zafar Khan is that he was of Brahmin origin,<sup id="cite_ref-Jayanta_Gadakari-2000_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jayanta_Gadakari-2000-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that Bahman (his given name following the establishment of the sultanate) is a corrupted personalized form of Brahman,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Hasan Gangu being a Hindu Brahman who became Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jayanta_Gadakari-2000_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jayanta_Gadakari-2000-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However this view has been discredited by S.A.Q. Husaini, who considers the idea of a Brahmin origin or Zafar Khan originally being a Hindu convert to Islam from Punjab untenable.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Barani" title="Ziauddin Barani">Ziauddin Barani</a>, the court chronicler of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Firuz_Shah_Tughlaq" title="Firuz Shah Tughlaq">Firuz Shah</a>, states that <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Gangu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan Gangu">Hasan Gangu</a>, the Bahmani Sultanate's founder, was "born in very humble circumstances" and that "For the first thirty years of his life he was nothing more than a field laborer."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was made a commander of a hundred horsemen by the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Tughluq" title="Muhammad bin Tughluq">Muhammad bin Tughluq</a>, who was pleased with his honesty. This sudden rise in the military and socio-economic ladder was common in this era of Muslim India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ.D.E199016_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ.D.E199016-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu was among the inhabitants of Delhi who were forced to migrate to the Deccan, to build a large Muslim settlement in the region of <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort" title="Daulatabad Fort">Daulatabad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zafar Khan was a man of ambition and looked forward to the adventure. He had long hoped to employ his body of horsemen in the Deccan as the region was seen as the place of bounty in Muslim imagination at the time. He was rewarded with an <a href="/wiki/Iqta%27" title="Iqta'">Iqta</a> for taking part in the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Kampili_kingdom" title="Kampili kingdom">Kampili</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_200541_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_200541-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise">Rise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Ismail_Mukh" title="Rebellion of Ismail Mukh">Rebellion of Ismail Mukh</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;border-color:lightgrey"><div style="position:relative;width:290px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bahmani Kingdom is located in South Asia"><img alt="Bahmani Kingdom is located in South Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/290px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/435px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/580px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span><div id="annotation_230x5" style="position:absolute; 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left:77px; top:112px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Sirohi_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirohi State"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">SIROHI</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_70x105" style="position:absolute; left:70px; top:105px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Sodhas_of_Amarkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodhas of Amarkot"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">AMARKOT</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_95x117" style="position:absolute; left:95px; top:117px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Dungarpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungarpur State"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">VAGAD</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_107x89" style="position:absolute; left:107px; top:89px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Khanzadas_of_Mewat" title="Khanzadas of Mewat"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MEWAT</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_160x105" style="position:absolute; left:160px; top:105px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Jaunpur_Sultanate" title="Jaunpur Sultanate"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#006400FF">JAUNPUR<br />SULTANATE</span></a></span></div><div id="annotation_153x130" style="position:absolute; left:153px; top:130px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Gondwana_(India)" title="Gondwana (India)"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF"><i>Tribal<br />states</i></span></a></span></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg" title="File:South Asia non political, with rivers.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>The Bahmani Sultanate and main South Asian polities in 1400 CE<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>Before the establishment of his kingdom, Hasan Gangu (Zafar Khan) was Governor of Deccan and a commander on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaqs</a>. On 3 August 1347, during <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Ismail_Mukh" title="Rebellion of Ismail Mukh">the rebellion by the Amirs of the Deccan</a>, Ismail Mukh, the leader of the rebellion (whom the rebel <i><a href="/wiki/Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir">amirs</a></i> of the Deccan placed on the throne of Daulatabad in 1345), abdicated in favor of Zafar Khan, resulting in the establishment of the Bahmani Kingdom. The Sultan of Delhi had besieged the rebels at the citadel of Daulatabad. As another rebellion had begun in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, the Sultan left and installed Shaikh Burhan-ud-din <a href="/wiki/Bilgram" title="Bilgram">Bilgrami</a> and Malik <a href="/wiki/Jauhar" title="Jauhar">Jauhar</a> and other nobles in charge of the siege. Meanwhile, as these nobles were unable to stop the Deccani amirs from pursuing the imperial army, Hasan Gangu, a native of Delhi, then being pursued by Governor of <a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Berar</a> Imad-ul-Mulk, the leader to whom the Deccani Amirs had re-assembled against, attacked and slew the latter and marched on towards Daulatabad. Here Hasan Gangu and the Deccani amirs put to flight the imperial forces which had been left to besiege. The rebels at Daulatabad had the sense to see Hasan Gangu as the man of the hour, and the proposal to crown Hasan Gangu, entitled Zafar Khan, was accepted without a dissentient voice on 3 August 1347.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahajan,_V.D._1991_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahajan,_V.D._1991-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His revolt was successful, and he established an independent state on the Deccan within the Delhi Sultanate's southern provinces with its headquarters at Hasanabad (<a href="/wiki/Gulbarga" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulbarga">Gulbarga</a>), where all his coins were minted.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahajan,_V.D._1991_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahajan,_V.D._1991-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the support of the influential Indian <a href="/wiki/Chishti" class="mw-redirect" title="Chishti">Chishti</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Shaikhs_in_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaikhs in South Asia">Shaikhs</a>, he was crowned "Alauddin Bahman Shah Sultan – Founder of the Bahmani Dynasty".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They bestowed upon him a robe allegedly worn by the prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. The extension of the Sufi's notion of spiritual sovereignty lent legitimacy to the planting of the sultanate's political authority, where the land, people, and produce of the Deccan were merited state protection, no longer available for plunder with impunity. These Sufis legitimized the transplantation of Indo-Muslim rulership from one region in South Asia to another, converting the land of the Bahmanids into being recognized as <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_world_in_Islam#Dar_al-Islam" title="Divisions of the world in Islam">Dar ul-Islam</a>, while it was previously considered <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_world_in_Islam#Dar_al-harb" title="Divisions of the world in Islam">Dar ul-Harb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkish</a> or Indo-Turkish troops, explorers, saints, and scholars moved from Delhi and North India to the Deccan with the establishment of the Bahmanid sultanate. How many of these were <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'ites</a> is unclear. Nonetheless, there is enough evidence to demonstrate that a number of nobility at the Bahmani court identified as Shi'ites or had significant Shi'ite inclinations.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi_1990_5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succeeding_rulers_(1358–1422)"><span id="Succeeding_rulers_.281358.E2.80.931422.29"></span>Succeeding rulers (1358–1422)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Succeeding rulers (1358–1422)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alauddin was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shah_I" title="Mohammed Shah I">Mohammed Shah I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933417_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933417-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His conflicts with the Vijayanagar empire were singularly savage wars, as according to the historian <a href="/wiki/Ferishta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferishta">Ferishta</a>, "the population of the Carnatic was so reduced that it did not recover for several ages."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bahmanids' aggressive confrontation with the two main Hindu kingdoms of the southern Deccan, <a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Warangal</a> and Vijayanagara in the <a href="/wiki/First_Bahmani%E2%80%93Vijayanagar_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War">First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War</a>, made them renowned among Muslims as warriors of the faith.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vijayanagara empire and the Bahmanids fought over the control of the Godavari-basin, Tungabadhra Doab, and the <a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a> country, although they seldom required a pretext for declaring war,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as military conflicts were almost a regular feature and lasted as long as these kingdoms continued.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military slavery involved captured slaves from Vijayanagara whom were then converted to Islam and integrated into the host society, so they could begin military careers within the Bahmanid empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_2005126_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_2005126-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ghiyasuddin succeeded his father Muhammad II at the age of seventeen in April 1397, but was blinded and imprisoned by a Turkic slave called Taghalchin,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani1946129_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani1946129-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had held a grudge on the Sultan for the latter's refusal to appoint him as a governor. He had lured the Sultan into putting himself in the former's power, using the beauty of his daughter, who was accomplished in music and arts, and had introduced her to the Sultan at a feast.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani194693_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani194693-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by Shamsuddin, who was a puppet king under Taghalchin. <a href="/wiki/Taj_ud-Din_Firuz_Shah" title="Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah">Firuz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I_Wali" title="Ahmad Shah I Wali">Ahmed</a>, the sons of the fourth sultan <a href="/wiki/Daud_Shah_Bahmani" title="Daud Shah Bahmani">Daud</a>, marched to Gulbarga to avenge Ghiyasuddin. Firuz declared himself the sultan, and defeated Taghalchin's forces. Taghalchin was killed and Shamsuddin was blinded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani1946132_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani1946132-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah became the sultan in November 1397.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933423_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933423-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Firuz Shah fought against the Vijayanagara Empire on many occasions and the rivalry between the two dynasties continued unabated throughout his reign, with victories <a href="/wiki/Bahmani%E2%80%93Vijayanagar_War_(1398)" title="Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1398)">in 1398</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Goldsmith%27s_Daughter" title="War of the Goldsmith's Daughter">in 1406</a>, but a defeat in 1417. One of his victories resulted in his marriage to the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Deva Raya">Deva Raya</a>, the Vijayanagara Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967255_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967255-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Firuz Shah expanded the nobility by enabling Hindus and granting them high office.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his reign, Sufis such as <a href="/wiki/Bande_Nawaz" title="Bande Nawaz">Gesudaraz</a>, a Chishti saint who had immigrated from Dehli to Daulatabad, were prominent in court and daily life.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first author to write in the <a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Dakhni</a> dialect of <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dakhni language became widespread, practised by various milieus from the court to the Sufis. It was established as a <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> of the Muslims of the Deccan, as not only the aspect of a dominant urban elite, but an expression of the regional religious identity.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_rulers_(1422–1482)"><span id="Later_rulers_.281422.E2.80.931482.29"></span>Later rulers (1422–1482)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later rulers (1422–1482)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Firuz Shah was succeeded by his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I_Wali" title="Ahmad Shah I Wali">Ahmad Shah I Wali</a>. Following the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a> as capital of the sultanate in 1429,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194723_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194723-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmad Shah I converted to <a href="/wiki/Shi%27ism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi_1990_5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmad Shah's reign was marked by relentless military campaigns and expansionism. He imposed destruction and slaughter on Vijayanagara and finally captured the remnants of Warangal.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chand_Minar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Chand_Minar.JPG/200px-Chand_Minar.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Chand_Minar.JPG/300px-Chand_Minar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Chand_Minar.JPG/400px-Chand_Minar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Chand Minar at <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Daulatabad fort">Daulatabad fort</a> complex</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Alau%27d-din_Ahmad_Shah" title="Alau'd-din Ahmad Shah">Alauddin Ahmad II</a> succeeded his father to the throne in 1436.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967259_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967259-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chand_Minar" title="Chand Minar">Chand Minar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minaret</a> in <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort" title="Daulatabad Fort">Daulatabad</a>, was constructed under his reign, and was commemorated in his honour<sup id="cite_ref-minar_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minar-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1445<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his <a href="/wiki/Bahmani%E2%80%93Vijayanagar_War_(1443)" title="Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1443)">victory</a> against <a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a> of Vijayanagara in 1443,<sup id="cite_ref-minar_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minar-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last major conflict between the two powers.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first half-century after the establishment of the Bahmanids, the original North Indian colonists and their sons had administered the empire quite independent of either the non-Muslim Hindus, or the Muslim foreign immigrants. However, the later Bahmani Sultans, mainly starting from his father Ahmad Shah Wali I, began to recruit foreigners from overseas, whether because of depletion among the ranks of the original settlers, or the feelings of dependency upon the Persian courtly model, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_197842_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_197842-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in factional strife that first became acute in the reign of his son Alauddin Ahmad Shah II.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1446, the powerful Dakhani nobles persuaded the Sultan that the Persians were responsible for the failure of the earlier invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sultan, drunk, condoned a large-scale massacre of Persian Shi'a <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyids</a> by the Sunni Dakhani nobles and their Sunni <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian">Abyssinian</a> slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few survivors escaped the massacre dressed in women's clothing and convinced the Sultan of their innocence.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ashamed of his own folly, the Sultan punished the Dakhani leaders who were responsible for the massacre, putting them to death or throwing them in prison, and reduced their families to beggary.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The accounts of the violent events likely included exaggerations as it came from the pen of the chroniclers who were themselves mainly foreigners and products of <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Persia">Safavid Persia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Complete_view_of_Mahumad_Gawan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Complete_view_of_Mahumad_Gawan.JPG/220px-Complete_view_of_Mahumad_Gawan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Complete_view_of_Mahumad_Gawan.JPG/330px-Complete_view_of_Mahumad_Gawan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Complete_view_of_Mahumad_Gawan.JPG/440px-Complete_view_of_Mahumad_Gawan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2221" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan_Madrasa" title="Mahmud Gawan Madrasa">Mahmud Gawan Madrasa</a>, built by <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan" title="Mahmud Gawan">Mahmud Gawan</a> to be the centre of religious as well as secular education<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The eldest sons of Humayun Shah, <a href="/wiki/Nizam-Ud-Din_Ahmad_III" title="Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III">Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_III_Lashkari" title="Muhammad Shah III Lashkari">Muhammad Shah III Lashkari</a> ascended the throne successively, while they were young boys. The vizier <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan" title="Mahmud Gawan">Mahmud Gawan</a> ruled as regent during this period, until Muhammad Shah reached age. Mahmud Gawan is known for setting up the <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan_Madrasa" title="Mahmud Gawan Madrasa">Mahmud Gawan Madrasa</a>, a center of religious as well as secular education,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as achieving the sultanate's greatest extent during his rule.<sup id="cite_ref-8-17_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8-17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also increased the administrative divisions of the sultanate from four to eight to ease the administrative burden from previous expansion of the state. Gawan was considered a great statesman, and a poet of repute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahmud Gawan was caught in a struggle between a rivalry between two groups of nobles, the Dakhanis and the Afaqis. The <a href="/wiki/Deccanis" title="Deccanis">Dakhanis</a> made up the indigenous Muslim elite of the Bahmanid dynasty, being descendants of Sunni immigrants from Northern India, while the Afaqis were foreign newcomers from the west such as Gawan, who were mostly Shi'is.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dakhanis believed that the privileges, patronage and positions of power in the sultanate should have been reserved solely for them.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The divisions included sectarian religious divisions where the Afaqis were looked upon as heretics by the Sunnis as the former were Shi'as.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Eaton" title="Richard M. Eaton">Eaton</a> cites a linguistic divide where the Dakhanis spoke Dakhni while the Afaqis favored the Persian language.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahmud Gawan had tried to reconcile with the two factions over his fifteen-year prime ministership, but had found it difficult to win their confidence; the party strife could not be stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-8-17_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8-17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Afaqis opponents, led by <a href="/wiki/Nizam-ul-Mulk_Bahri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri">Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri</a> and motivated by anger over Mahmud's reforms which had curtailed the nobility's power, fabricated a treasonous letter to <a href="/wiki/Purushottama_Deva" title="Purushottama Deva">Purushottama Deva</a> of Orissa which they purported to be from him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925418–420_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925418–420-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahmud Gawan was ordered executed by Muhammad Shah III, an act that the latter regretted until his death in 1482.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his death, Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri, the father of the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ahmad_Nizam_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I">Nizam Shahi dynasty</a> became the regent of the Sultan as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925421–422_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925421–422-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muhammad Shah III Lashkari was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Shah_Bahmani_II" title="Mahmood Shah Bahmani II">Mahmood Shah Bahmani II</a>, the last Bahmani ruler to have real power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710–11_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710–11-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_taraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani taraf">tarafdars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmednagar Sultanate">Ahmednagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijapur Sultanate">Bijapur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Berar_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Berar Sultanate">Berar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ahmad_Nizam_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I">Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Adil_Shah" title="Yusuf Adil Shah">Yusuf Adil Shah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fathullah_Imad-ul-Mulk" title="Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk">Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk</a> agreed to assert their independence in 1490, and established their own sultanates but maintained loyalty to the Bahmani Sultan. The sultanates of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Golconda" title="Sultanate of Golconda">Golconda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bidar_Sultanate" title="Bidar Sultanate">Bidar</a> would become in practice independent as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1501, Mahmood Shah Bahmani united his amirs and wazirs in an agreement to wage annual <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> against Vijayanagara. The expeditions were financially ruinous.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last Bahmani Sultans were puppet monarchs under their <a href="/wiki/Barid_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Barid Shahi dynasty">Barid Shahi</a> prime ministers, who were the <i>de facto</i> rulers. After 1518 the sultanate formally broke up into the five states of Ahmednagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. They are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan sultanates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiography">Historiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern scholars like <a href="/wiki/Haroon_Khan_Sherwani" title="Haroon Khan Sherwani">Haroon Khan Sherwani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Eaton" title="Richard M. Eaton">Richard M. Eaton</a> have based their accounts of the Bahmani dynasty mainly upon the medieval chronicles of <a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a> and Syed Ali Tabatabai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_20052_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_20052-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani194610–12_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani194610–12-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other contemporary works were the Sivatattva Chintamani, a <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> language encyclopedia on the beliefs and rites of the <a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Veerashaiva</a> faith, and <a href="/wiki/Shri_Guru_Charitra" title="Shri Guru Charitra">Guru Charitra</a>. <a href="/wiki/Afanasy_Nikitin" title="Afanasy Nikitin">Afanasy Nikitin</a>, a Russian merchant and traveler, traveled through the Bahmani Sultanate in his journeys. He contrasts the huge "wealth of the nobility with the wretchedness of the peasantry and the frugality of the Hindus".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farman_Of_Feroz_Shah_Bahmani_-_14_-05_-1406_A.D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Farman_Of_Feroz_Shah_Bahmani_-_14_-05_-1406_A.D.jpg/120px-Farman_Of_Feroz_Shah_Bahmani_-_14_-05_-1406_A.D.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Farman_Of_Feroz_Shah_Bahmani_-_14_-05_-1406_A.D.jpg/180px-Farman_Of_Feroz_Shah_Bahmani_-_14_-05_-1406_A.D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Farman_Of_Feroz_Shah_Bahmani_-_14_-05_-1406_A.D.jpg/240px-Farman_Of_Feroz_Shah_Bahmani_-_14_-05_-1406_A.D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption>Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah of the Bahmani Sultanate's <a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">Firman</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Bahmani dynasty patronized Indo-Muslim and Persian culture from Northern India and the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the society of the Bahmnanis was dominated prominently by Iranians, Afghans, and Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEN.H1988_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEN.H1988-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also had considerable and social influence such as with the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> by Bahmani rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEN.H1988_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEN.H1988-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This also comes as <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shah_I" title="Mohammed Shah I">Mohammed Shah I</a> ascended the throne on Nowruz.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Khafi_Khan" title="Khafi Khan">Khafi Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferishta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferishta">Ferishta</a>, musicians flocked to the court from <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, Persia and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bahmani Sultans were patrons of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">literature</a>, and some members of the dynasty became well-versed in the language and composed its literature in the language.<sup id="cite_ref-Ansari_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ansari-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first sultan, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Bahman_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauddin Bahman Shah">Alauddin Bahman Shah</a>, is noted to have captured 1,000 singing and dancing girls from Hindu temples after he battled the northern <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_region" title="Carnatic region">Carnatic</a> chieftains. The later Bahmanis also enslaved civilian women and children in wars; many of them were converted to Islam in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925391,_397–398_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925391,_397–398-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bidriware">Bidriware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bidriware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bidriware" title="Bidriware">Bidriware</a></div> <p>Bidriware is a metal <a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicraft</a> from the city of <a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. It was developed in the 14th century during the rule of the Bahmani Sultans.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief center of production.<sup id="cite_ref-art_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work on copper and silver that it came to be known as Bidri.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metal used is <a href="/wiki/White_brass" class="mw-redirect" title="White brass">white brass</a> that is blackened and inlaid with silver.<sup id="cite_ref-art_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a native art form, Bidriware obtained a <a href="/wiki/Geographical_Indications" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical Indications">geographical Indications</a> (GI) registry on 3 January 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg/220px-Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg/330px-Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg/440px-Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Gateway to <a href="/wiki/Bidar_Fort" title="Bidar Fort">Bidar Fort</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Bahmani Sultans patronized many architectural works, although many have since been destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Rangan_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rangan-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gulbarga_Fort" title="Gulbarga Fort">Gulbarga Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haft_Gumbaz" title="Haft Gumbaz">Haft Gumbaz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jama_Mosque_Gulbarga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Mosque Gulbarga">Jama Masjid</a> in Gulbarga, the <a href="/wiki/Bidar_Fort" title="Bidar Fort">Bidar Fort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan_Madrasa" title="Mahmud Gawan Madrasa">Madrasa Mahmud Gawan</a> in Bidar, and the <a href="/wiki/Chand_Minar" title="Chand Minar">Chand Minar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort" title="Daulatabad Fort">Daulatabad</a> are some of their major architectural contributions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The later Sultans were buried in a <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Tombs" title="Bahmani Tombs">Bahmani Tombs</a>. The exterior of one of the tombs is decorated with coloured tiles. Arabic, Persian and Urdu inscriptions are inscribed inside the tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_1947114–142_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_1947114–142-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bahmani Sultans built many mosques, tombs, and <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasas</a> in Bidar and Gulbarga, the two capitals. They also built many forts in <a href="/wiki/Daulatabad_Fort" title="Daulatabad Fort">Daulatabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golconda" title="Golconda">Golconda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raichur" title="Raichur">Raichur</a>. The architecture was highly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Persian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian architecture">Persian architecture</a>, as they invited architects from Persia, Turkey and Arabia. The Persianate <a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a> style of architecture developed during this period was later adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan sultanates</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194724_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194724-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rangan_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rangan-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turquoise_Throne">Turquoise Throne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Turquoise Throne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Takht-i-Firoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht-i-Firoza">Takht-i-Firoza</a></div> <p>The Turquoise Throne was a jeweled royal <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a> mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a>. It was the seat of the sultans of the Bahmani Sultanate since <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shah_I" title="Mohammed Shah I">Mohammed Shah I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>1358–1375). It was a gift of <a href="/wiki/Musunuri_Nayaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Musunuri Nayaks">Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka</a>, a Telugu King in post-Kakateeya era.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani194677–78_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani194677–78-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was mentioned by Firishta that on 23 March 1363,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this throne replaced an earlier silver throne that the first Bahmani sultan <a href="/wiki/Ala-ud-Din_Bahman_Shah" title="Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah">Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah</a> used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gunpowder_weapons">Gunpowder weapons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gunpowder weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunpowder_weapons_in_the_Bahmani_Sultanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunpowder weapons in the Bahmani Sultanate (page does not exist)">Gunpowder weapons in the Bahmani Sultanate</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm#South_Asia" title="History of the firearm">History of the firearm § South Asia</a></div> <p>The Bahmani Sultanate was likely the first state to invent and utilize <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunpowder artillery">gunpowder artillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">firearms</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a>. Their firearms were the most advanced of their time, surpassing even those of the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Dynasty">Yuan Dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt">Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt</a>. The first recorded use of firearms in South Asia was at the Battle of Adoni in 1368, where the Bahmani Sultanate led by <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shah_I" title="Mohammed Shah I">Mohammed Shah I</a> used a train of artillery against the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> who was led by <a href="/wiki/Harihara_II" title="Harihara II">Harihara II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the initial use of gunpowder weapons in 1368, they became the backbone of the Bahmani army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981155_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981155-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The scholar Iqtidar Alam Khan claims, however, that based on a differing translation of a passage of medieval historian <a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a>'s text <i>Tarikh-i Firishta</i>, in which he describes early use of gunpowder weapons in the Indian Subcontinent, it can be inferred that both the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> and non-Muslim Indian states had the gunpowder weapons that the Bahmani Sultanate began to use in 1368, and that the Bahmanis had acquired the weapons from the Delhi Sultanate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981157_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981157-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary evidence shows the presence of gunpowder for <a href="/wiki/Pyrotechnics" title="Pyrotechnics">pyrotechnic</a> uses in the Delhi Sultanate,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Alam Khan states that their usage in the Battle of Adoni in 1368 was rather the first military usage of gunpowder-derived objects in the Subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981164_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981164-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Klaus Rötzer, these early pyrotechnic weapons were used primarily to frighten enemy cavalry and elephants.<sup id="cite_ref-sots_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sots-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bahmani Sultanate used cannons while besieging the Fort of Machal in 1470<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981163_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981163-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or January 1471.<sup id="cite_ref-ghow_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghow-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first known use of gunpowder in siege weaponry on the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ghow_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghow-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Bahmani_rulers">List of Bahmani rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of Bahmani rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bahmani_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bahmani rulers">List of Bahmani rulers</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#F0DC82">Titular Name </th> <th style="background-color:#F0DC82">Personal Name </th> <th style="background-color:#F0DC82">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Ismail_Mukh" title="Rebellion of Ismail Mukh">Independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Delhi">Sultan of Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Tughlaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Tughlaq">Muhammad bin Tughlaq</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> <i>Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ala-ud-Din_Bahman_Shah" title="Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah">Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah</a> I </td> <td align="center">3 August 1347 – 11 February 1358 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shah_I" title="Mohammed Shah I">Mohammad Shah I</a> </td> <td align="center">11 February 1358 – 21 April 1375 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> <i>Ala-ud-Din Mujahid Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mujahid_Shah" title="Mujahid Shah">Mujahid Shah</a> </td> <td align="center">21 April 1375 – 16 April 1378 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Daud_Shah_Bahmani" title="Daud Shah Bahmani">Daud Shah Bahmani</a> </td> <td align="center">16 April 1378 – 21 May 1378 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center">Mohammad Shah II </td> <td align="center">21 May 1378 – 20 April 1397 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center">Ghiyath-ad-din Shah </td> <td align="center">20 April 1397 – 14 June 1397 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#D8BFD8"> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center">Shams-ud-Din Shah<br /><small>Puppet King Under Lachin Khan Turk</small> </td> <td align="center">14 June 1397 – 15 November 1397 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> <i>Taj-ud-Din Feroze Shah</i><br /> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Taj_ud-Din_Firuz_Shah" title="Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah">Feroze Shah</a> </td> <td align="center">24 November 1397 – 1 October 1422 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I_Wali" title="Ahmad Shah I Wali">Ahmed Shah Wali Bahmani</a> </td> <td align="center">1 October 1422 – 17 April 1436 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> <i>Ala-ud-Din Ahmed Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Alau%27d-din_Ahmad_Shah" title="Alau'd-din Ahmad Shah">Ala-ud-Din II Ahmed Shah Bahmani</a> </td> <td align="center">17 April 1436 – 6 May 1458 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> <i>Ala-ud-Din Humayun Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Humayun_Shah" title="Humayun Shah">Humayun Shah Zalim Bahmani</a> </td> <td align="center">7 May 1458 – 4 September 1461 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Nizam_Shah_Bahmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam Shah Bahmani">Nizam Shah Bahmani</a> </td> <td align="center">4 September 1461 – 30 July 1463 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> <i>Muhammad Shah Lashkari</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_III_Lashkari" title="Muhammad Shah III Lashkari">Muhammad Shah Bahmani III</a> </td> <td align="center">30 July 1463 – 26 March 1482 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#A7BFA3"> <td align="center"><i>Vira Shah</i> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Shah_Bahmani_II" title="Mahmood Shah Bahmani II">Mahmood Shah Bahmani II</a><br /><small>Puppet under <a href="/wiki/Malik_Naib" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Naib">Malik Naib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qasim_Barid_I" title="Qasim Barid I">Qasim Barid I</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amir_Barid_I" title="Amir Barid I">Amir Barid I</a></small> </td> <td align="center">26 March 1482 – 27 December 1518 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5DEB3"> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center">Ahmed Shah Bahmani III<br /><small>Puppet King Under <a href="/wiki/Amir_Barid_I" title="Amir Barid I">Amir Barid I</a></small> </td> <td align="center">27 December 1518 – 15 December 1520 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5DEB3"> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center">Ala-ud-Din Shah Bahmani II<br /><small>Puppet King Under Amir Barid I</small> </td> <td align="center">28 December 1520 – 5 March 1522 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5DEB3"> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center">Waliullah Shah Bahmani<br /><small>Puppet King Under Amir Barid I</small> </td> <td align="center">5 March 1522 – 1526 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5DEB3"> <td align="center"><i>Shah</i> </td> <td align="center">Kaleemullah Shah Bahmani<br /><small>Puppet King Under Amir Barid I</small> </td> <td align="center">1525–1527 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Dissolution of the sultanate into five kingdoms — <a href="/wiki/Bidar_Sultanate" title="Bidar Sultanate">Bidar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmednagar Sultanate">Ahmednagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijapur Sultanate">Bijapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golconda_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Golconda Sultanate">Golconda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Berar_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Berar Sultanate">Berar</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota" title="Battle of Talikota">Battle of Talikota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raichur" title="Battle of Raichur">Battle of Raichur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dale" title="Stephen Dale">Stephen F. Dale</a> refers to the Bahmanis as Shi'i Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Firishta mentioned that Sultan Bahman Shah first sat on the new throne (i.e. the Takht-e-Firoza) on <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a>, the Persian new year, following the autumnal solstice in 764 <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani1946102_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani1946102-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185">"Schwartzberg Atlas — Digital South Asia Library"</a>. <i>dsal.uchicago.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dsal.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=Schwartzberg+Atlas+%E2%80%94+Digital+South+Asia+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fschwartzberg%2Fpager.html%3Fobject%3D185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8-17-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-8-17_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-8-17_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-8-17_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2014" class="citation book cs1">Chandra, Satish (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/history-of-medieval-india-800-1700_202303/page/147"><i>History of Medieval India 800–1700 A.D</i></a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">146–</span>148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+India+800%E2%80%931700+A.D&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E146-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistory-of-medieval-india-800-1700_202303%2Fpage%2F147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnsari1988494–499-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnsari1988494–499_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnsari1988">Ansari 1988</a>, pp. 494–499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidi_1990_5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi_1990_5_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1990" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Khalidi, Umar (1990). "The Shiʿites of the Deccan: An Introduction". <i>Rivista degli studi orientali</i>. 64, Fasc. 1/2, SGUARDI SULLA CULTURA A SCIITA NEL DECCAN GLANCES ON SHI'ITE DECCAN CULTURE: 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rivista+degli+studi+orientali&rft.atitle=The+Shi%CA%BFites+of+the+Deccan%3A+An+Introduction&rft.volume=64%2C+Fasc.+1%2F2%2C+SGUARDI+SULLA+CULTURA+A+SCIITA+NEL+DECCAN+GLANCES+ON+SHI%27ITE+DECCAN+CULTURE&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Umar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Morris_Roberts,_Odd_Arne_Westad2013" class="citation book cs1">John Morris Roberts, Odd Arne Westad (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A2cfZkU5aQgC&dq=were%20bahmanis%20sh&pg=PA435"><i>The History of the World</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199936762" title="Special:BookSources/9780199936762"><bdi>9780199936762</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+World&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199936762&rft.au=John+Morris+Roberts%2C+Odd+Arne+Westad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA2cfZkU5aQgC%26dq%3Dwere%2520bahmanis%2520sh%26pg%3DPA435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_197849-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_197849_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEaton_1978">Eaton 1978</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ansari-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ansari_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ansari_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsari" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ansari, N.H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahmanid-dynasty-a-dynasty-founded-in-748-1347-in-the-deccan-sanskrit-daksia-lit">"Bahmanid Dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahmanid+Dynasty&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Ansari&rft.aufirst=N.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahmanid-dynasty-a-dynasty-founded-in-748-1347-in-the-deccan-sanskrit-daksia-lit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_C._Kohn2006" class="citation book cs1">George C. Kohn (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OIzreCGlHxIC&q=bahmani+vijay&pg=PT597"><i>Dictionary of Wars</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438129167" title="Special:BookSources/9781438129167"><bdi>9781438129167</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Wars&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781438129167&rft.au=George+C.+Kohn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOIzreCGlHxIC%26q%3Dbahmani%2Bvijay%26pg%3DPT597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925425–426_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaig,_1925">Haig, 1925</a>, pp. 425–426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNtjIJmhoIkC&pg=PA16"><i>History of The Deccan</i></a>. Mittal Publications. 1990. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+The+Deccan&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPNtjIJmhoIkC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra" class="citation web cs1">Chandra, Satish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dn790001.ca.archive.org/0/items/satishchandrahistoryofmedievalindia/Satish%20Chandra%20History%20of%20Medieval%20India.pdf">"History of medieval India(800-1700)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive&rft.atitle=History+of+medieval+India%28800-1700%29&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdn790001.ca.archive.org%2F0%2Fitems%2Fsatishchandrahistoryofmedievalindia%2FSatish%2520Chandra%2520History%2520of%2520Medieval%2520India.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2015" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Everett (2015). <i>The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570–1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, Volume 1</i>. McFarland. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476608884" title="Special:BookSources/9781476608884"><bdi>9781476608884</bdi></a>. <q>Zafar Khan alias Alauddin Hasan Gangu ('Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah), an Afghan or a Turk soldier, revolted against Delhi and established the Muslim Kingdom of Bahmani on August 3 in the South (Madura) and ruled as Sultan Alauddin Bahman Shah.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+Diaspora+%28Volume+1%2C+570%E2%80%931500%29%3A+A+Comprehensive+Chronology+of+the+Spread+of+Islam+in+Asia%2C+Africa%2C+Europe+and+the+Americas%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781476608884&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Everett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004" class="citation book cs1">Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). <i>A History of India</i>. Psychology Press. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415329200" title="Special:BookSources/9780415329200"><bdi>9780415329200</bdi></a>. <q>The Bahmani sultanate of the Deccan Soon after Muhammad Tughluq left Daulatabad, the city was conquered by Zafar Khan, a Turkish or Afghan officer of unknown descent, had earlier participated in a mutiny of troops in Gujarat.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780415329200&rft.aulast=Kulke&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Rothermund%2C+Dietmar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink2020" class="citation book cs1">Wink, André (2020). <i>The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700–1800 CE</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108417747" title="Special:BookSources/9781108417747"><bdi>9781108417747</bdi></a>. <q>Finally, and more importantly, the independent Bahmani dynasty of the Deccan was founded in 1348 by Zafar Khan, probably an Afghan who broke away from Delhi with the support of Afghan and Mongol "New Muslims"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World+C.700%E2%80%931800+CE&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781108417747&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr2017" class="citation book cs1">Kerr, Gordon (2017). <i>A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse</i>. Oldcastle Books Ltd. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843449232" title="Special:BookSources/9781843449232"><bdi>9781843449232</bdi></a>. <q>In the early fourteenth century, the Muslim Bahmani kingdom of the Deccan emerged following Alauddin's conquest of the south. Zafar Khan, an Afghan general and governor appointed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, was victorious against the troops of the Delhi Sultanate, establishing the Bahmani kingdom with its capital at Ahsanabad (modern-day Gulbarga).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+India%3A+From+the+Earliest+Civilisations+to+Today%27s+Economic+Powerhouse&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Oldcastle+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781843449232&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hasan-gangu">"ḤASAN GĀNGU"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%A4ASAN+G%C4%80NGU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhasan-gangu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink1991" class="citation book cs1">Wink, Andre (1991). <i>Indo-Islamic society: 14th – 15th centuries</i>. BRILL. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843449232" title="Special:BookSources/9781843449232"><bdi>9781843449232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-Islamic+society%3A+14th+%E2%80%93+15th+centuries&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781843449232&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bhattacharya, Sachchidananada. <i>A Dictionary of Indian History</i> (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1972) p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCathal_J._Nolan2006" class="citation book cs1">Cathal J. Nolan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vdQWAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global ..., Volym 1</i></a>. Greenwood Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vdQWAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA437">437</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33733-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33733-8"><bdi>978-0-313-33733-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Wars+of+Religion%2C+1000%E2%80%931650%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Global+...%2C+Volym+1&rft.pages=437&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33733-8&rft.au=Cathal+J.+Nolan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvdQWAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChopdar1951" class="citation book cs1">Chopdar (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=03lDAAAAYAAJ&q=hasan+gangu+inhabitant+of+delhi+native+of+delhi"><i>The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi sultanate</i></a>. p. 248.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Culture+of+the+Indian+People%3A+The+Delhi+sultanate&rft.pages=248&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Chopdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D03lDAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dhasan%2Bgangu%2Binhabitant%2Bof%2Bdelhi%2Bnative%2Bof%2Bdelhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandra2004177-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandra2004177_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandra2004">Chandra 2004</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967248-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967248_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMajumdar1967">Majumdar 1967</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChopdar1967" class="citation book cs1">Chopdar (27 February 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar/page/248/mode/2up?q=gangu"><i>History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate</i></a>. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 248.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Culture+of+the+Indian+People%2C+Volume+06%2CThe+Delhi+Sultanate&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1967-02-27&rft.au=Chopdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdelhisultanate00bhar%2Fpage%2F248%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dgangu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jayanta_Gadakari-2000-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jayanta_Gadakari-2000_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jayanta_Gadakari-2000_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayanta_Gaḍakarī2000" class="citation book cs1">Jayanta Gaḍakarī (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NRluAAAAMAAJ&q=hasan+gangu+brahmin+convert"><i>Hindu Muslim Communalism</i></a>. p. 140.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Muslim+Communalism&rft.pages=140&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Jayanta+Ga%E1%B8%8Dakar%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNRluAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dhasan%2Bgangu%2Bbrahmin%2Bconvert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCann1994" class="citation book cs1">McCann, Michael W. 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University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-55571-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-55571-3"><bdi>978-0-226-55571-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rights+at+Work%3A+Pay+Equity+Reform+and+the+Politics+of+Legal+Mobilization&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1994-07-15&rft.isbn=978-0-226-55571-3&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWtoAayu603kC%26dq%3Dhis%2Bname%2Bderives%2Bfrom%2Bcorruption%2Bof%2Bword%2BBrahman%26pg%3DRA1-PA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuvorova2000" class="citation book cs1">Suvorova (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRxkAAAAMAAJ&q=hasan+gangu+hindu+convert"><i>Masnavi: A Study of Urdu</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579148-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579148-8"><bdi>978-0-19-579148-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masnavi%3A+A+Study+of+Urdu&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-579148-8&rft.au=Suvorova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrRxkAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dhasan%2Bgangu%2Bhindu%2Bconvert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHusaini_(Saiyid.)1960" class="citation book cs1">Husaini (Saiyid.), Abdul Qadir (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zJgrnbdaefEC"><i>Bahman Shāh, the Founder of the Bahmani Kingdom</i></a>. Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. pp. <span class="nowrap">60–</span>63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bahman+Sh%C4%81h%2C+the+Founder+of+the+Bahmani+Kingdom&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E60-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.pub=Firma+K.L.+Mukhopadhyay&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Husaini+%28Saiyid.%29&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Qadir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzJgrnbdaefEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGribble1896" class="citation book cs1">Gribble (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9PYRAAAAYAAJ&dq=for+the+first+thirty+years+of+his+life+labourer&pg=PA15"><i>A History of the Deccan: Volume 1</i></a>. Luzac and Company. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Deccan%3A+Volume+1&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Luzac+and+Company&rft.date=1896&rft.au=Gribble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9PYRAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dfor%2Bthe%2Bfirst%2Bthirty%2Byears%2Bof%2Bhis%2Blife%2Blabourer%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJ.D.E199016-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJ.D.E199016_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJ.D.E1990">J.D.E 1990</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Rā_KulakarṇīM._A._NayeemTeotonio_R._De_Souza1996" class="citation book cs1">A. Rā Kulakarṇī; M. A. Nayeem; Teotonio R. De Souza (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O_WNqSH4ByQC"><i>Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi</i></a>. Popular Prakashan. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171545797" title="Special:BookSources/9788171545797"><bdi>9788171545797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediaeval+Deccan+History%3A+Commemoration+Volume+in+Honour+of+Purshottam+Mahadeo+Joshi&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788171545797&rft.au=A.+R%C4%81+Kulakar%E1%B9%87%C4%AB&rft.au=M.+A.+Nayeem&rft.au=Teotonio+R.+De+Souza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO_WNqSH4ByQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_200541-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_200541_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEaton_2005">Eaton 2005</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzberg1978" class="citation book cs1">Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=076"><i>A Historical atlas of South Asia</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 39, 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226742210" title="Special:BookSources/0226742210"><bdi>0226742210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical+atlas+of+South+Asia&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=39%2C+147&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0226742210&rft.aulast=Schwartzberg&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fschwartzberg%2Fpager.html%3Fobject%3D076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahajan,_V.D._1991-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mahajan,_V.D._1991_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahajan,_V.D._1991_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahajan, V.D. (1991). <i>History of Medieval India</i>, Part I, New Delhi:S. Chand, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-219-0364-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-219-0364-5">81-219-0364-5</a>, pp.279–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bhattacharya. <i>Indian History</i>. p. 928</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Wolseley_Haig1919" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Wolseley Haig (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historiclandmark00haigrich/page/30/mode/2up?q=bilgrami"><i>Historic landmarks of the Deccan</i></a>. Pioneer Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+landmarks+of+the+Deccan&rft.pub=Pioneer+Press&rft.date=1919&rft.au=Thomas+Wolseley+Haig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoriclandmark00haigrich%2Fpage%2F30%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dbilgrami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed_Farooqui2011" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed Farooqui, Salma (2011). <i>Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century</i>. 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M. Ashraf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anecdotes+from+Islam&rft.pub=M.+Ashraf&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Ibrahim+Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjaQGAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dnative%2Bof%2Bdelhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2013" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Sailendra (2013). <i>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History</i>. Primus Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">106–</span>108, 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-38060-734-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-38060-734-4"><bdi>978-9-38060-734-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Medieval+Indian+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E106-%3C%2Fspan%3E108%2C+117&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9-38060-734-4&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Sailendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurjor_Avari2013" class="citation book cs1">Burjor Avari (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGHpVtQ8eKoC&q=chishti%20sufi%20sheikhs&pg=PA88"><i>Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent</i></a>. Routledge. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415580618" title="Special:BookSources/9780415580618"><bdi>9780415580618</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Civilization+in+South+Asia%3A+A+History+of+Muslim+Power+and+Presence+in+the+Indian+Subcontinent&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780415580618&rft.au=Burjor+Avari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGHpVtQ8eKoC%26q%3Dchishti%2520sufi%2520sheikhs%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_M._Eaton2019" class="citation book cs1">Richard M. Eaton (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aIF6DwAAQBAJ&dq=muslim+rebel+daulatabad&pg=PP59"><i>India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141966557" title="Special:BookSources/9780141966557"><bdi>9780141966557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+in+the+Persianate+Age%3A+1000%E2%80%931765&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780141966557&rft.au=Richard+M.+Eaton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaIF6DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmuslim%2Brebel%2Bdaulatabad%26pg%3DPP59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDale2009" class="citation book cs1">Dale, Stephen F. (2009). <i>The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. <q>...may have contributed to the decision by a group of Shi'i Muslims from the Deccan, the Bahmani, to proclaim the new Muslim Sultanate there.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+Empires+of+the+Ottomans%2C+Safavids%2C+and+Mughals&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Stephen+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933417-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933417_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrasad1933">Prasad 1933</a>, p. 417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Elahy2015" class="citation book cs1">Abraham Elahy (2015). <i>the Age of Wrath:A History of the Delhi Sultanate</i>. Penguin Books Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=the+Age+of+Wrath%3AA+History+of+the+Delhi+Sultanate&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Abraham+Elahy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlairBloom1996" class="citation book cs1">Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (25 September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-mhIgewDtNkC&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA156"><i>The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250–1800</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300064659" title="Special:BookSources/0300064659"><bdi>0300064659</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Architecture+of+Islam+1250%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1996-09-25&rft.isbn=0300064659&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Sheila+S.&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Jonathan+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-mhIgewDtNkC%26dq%3Dwarangal%2Bbahmanids%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._J._Brill1993" class="citation book cs1">E. 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Brill. p. 1072. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004097940" title="Special:BookSources/9789004097940"><bdi>9789004097940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+First+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=1072&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9789004097940&rft.au=E.+J.+Brill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dro--tXw_hxMC%26dq%3Dwarangal%2Bbahmanids%26pg%3DPA1072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vKxiDwAAQBAJ&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA183"><i>MEDIEVAL INDIA UPSC PREPARATION BOOKS HISTORY SERIES</i></a>. Mocktime Publication. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MEDIEVAL+INDIA+UPSC+PREPARATION+BOOKS+HISTORY+SERIES&rft.pub=Mocktime+Publication&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvKxiDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dwarangal%2Bbahmanids%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_2005126-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_2005126_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEaton_2005">Eaton 2005</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_S._Fischel2020" class="citation book cs1">Roy S. Fischel (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UHoxEAAAQBAJ&dq=deccanis+bahri&pg=PA67"><i>Local States in an Imperial World</i></a>. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474436090" title="Special:BookSources/9781474436090"><bdi>9781474436090</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+States+in+an+Imperial+World&rft.pages=72&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781474436090&rft.au=Roy+S.+Fischel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUHoxEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddeccanis%2Bbahri%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9_48AAAAIAAJ&dq=tughalchin&pg=PA285"><i>The Cambridge Shorter History of India</i></a>. CUP Archive. p. 285.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Shorter+History+of+India&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9_48AAAAIAAJ%26dq%3Dtughalchin%26pg%3DPA285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani1946129-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani1946129_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwani1946">Sherwani 1946</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamesh_Chandra_Majumdar1951" class="citation book cs1">Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=03lDAAAAYAAJ&q=infatuated"><i>The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi sultanate</i></a>. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Culture+of+the+Indian+People%3A+The+Delhi+sultanate&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Ramesh+Chandra+Majumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D03lDAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dinfatuated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani194693-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani194693_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwani1946">Sherwani 1946</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani1946132-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani1946132_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwani1946">Sherwani 1946</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933423-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasad1933423_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrasad1933">Prasad 1933</a>, p. 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967255-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967255_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMajumdar1967">Majumdar 1967</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Stewart_Bowman2000" class="citation book cs1">John Stewart Bowman (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YkqsAgAAQBAJ&dq=Ala-ud-Din+Bahman+Shah&pg=PA274"><i>Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231110044" title="Special:BookSources/9780231110044"><bdi>9780231110044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780231110044&rft.au=John+Stewart+Bowman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYkqsAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAla-ud-Din%2BBahman%2BShah%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamal_Malik2020" class="citation book cs1">Jamal Malik (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAT1DwAAQBAJ&dq=gesudaraz&pg=PA168"><i>Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition</i></a>. Brill. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004422711" title="Special:BookSources/9789004422711"><bdi>9789004422711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+South+Asia%3A+Revised%2C+Enlarged+and+Updated+Second+Edition&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789004422711&rft.au=Jamal+Malik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZAT1DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dgesudaraz%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnemarie_Schimmel1975" class="citation book cs1">Annemarie Schimmel (1975). <i>Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl</i>. Harrassowitz. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Urdu+Literature+from+the+Beginning+to+Iqb%C4%81l&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Annemarie+Schimmel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_S._Fischel2020" class="citation book cs1">Roy S. Fischel (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UHoxEAAAQBAJ&dq=quli+dakhani&pg=PA74"><i>Local States in an Imperial World:Identity, Society and Politics in the Early Modern Deccan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474436090" title="Special:BookSources/9781474436090"><bdi>9781474436090</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+States+in+an+Imperial+World%3AIdentity%2C+Society+and+Politics+in+the+Early+Modern+Deccan&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781474436090&rft.au=Roy+S.+Fischel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUHoxEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dquli%2Bdakhani%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194723-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194723_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYazdani,_1947">Yazdani, 1947</a>, pp. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowmanBowman2000" class="citation book cs1">Bowman, John; Bowman, John Stewart (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YkqsAgAAQBAJ&dq=mahmud+shah+bahmani+vijayanagar&pg=PA276"><i>Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231110044" title="Special:BookSources/9780231110044"><bdi>9780231110044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780231110044&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Bowman%2C+John+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYkqsAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmahmud%2Bshah%2Bbahmani%2Bvijayanagar%26pg%3DPA276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967259-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1967259_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMajumdar1967">Majumdar 1967</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-minar-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-minar_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-minar_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManohar2021" class="citation journal cs1">Manohar, Mohit (2021). "A Victory Tower Built by a Slave: The Chand Minar at Daulatabad in Deccan India". <i>Muqarnas Online</i>. <b>38</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">57–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22118993-00381P03">10.1163/22118993-00381P03</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas+Online&rft.atitle=A+Victory+Tower+Built+by+a+Slave%3A+The+Chand+Minar+at+Daulatabad+in+Deccan+India&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22118993-00381P03&rft.aulast=Manohar&rft.aufirst=Mohit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchellZebrowski1999" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ju1XvgAACAAJ"><i>Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7)</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">64–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56321-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56321-6"><bdi>0-521-56321-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+and+Art+of+the+Deccan+Sultanates+%28The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India+Vol.+I%3A7%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-56321-6&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Zebrowski%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dju1XvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan1964" class="citation book cs1">Allan, John (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pMSFAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Cambridge Shorter History of India</i></a>. S. Chand. p. 283.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Shorter+History+of+India&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=S.+Chand&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpMSFAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton_197842-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton_197842_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEaton_1978">Eaton 1978</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSir_Wolseley_Haig1907" class="citation book cs1">Sir Wolseley Haig (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VSdWELuOikMC&dq=Ahmad+Shah+I+Wali+foreigners&pg=PA4"><i>Historic Landmarks of the Deccan</i></a>. Pioneer Press. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Landmarks+of+the+Deccan&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Pioneer+Press&rft.date=1907&rft.au=Sir+Wolseley+Haig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVSdWELuOikMC%26dq%3DAhmad%2BShah%2BI%2BWali%2Bforeigners%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Bowman2000" class="citation book cs1">John Bowman (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cYoHOqC7Yx4C&dq=bahmanis+massacre+persian+shias&pg=PA275"><i>Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231500043" title="Special:BookSources/9780231500043"><bdi>9780231500043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780231500043&rft.au=John+Bowman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcYoHOqC7Yx4C%26dq%3Dbahmanis%2Bmassacre%2Bpersian%2Bshias%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnemarie_Schimmel2022" class="citation book cs1">Annemarie Schimmel (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wfVgEAAAQBAJ&dq=massacre+of+shia+sayyids+bahmanid&pg=PA54"><i>Islam in the Indian Subcontinent</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004492998" title="Special:BookSources/9789004492998"><bdi>9789004492998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+the+Indian+Subcontinent&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9789004492998&rft.au=Annemarie+Schimmel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwfVgEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmassacre%2Bof%2Bshia%2Bsayyids%2Bbahmanid%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanti_Sadiq_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&dq=chakan+massacre&pg=PA46"><i>The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times</i></a>. Orient Longman. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788125004851" title="Special:BookSources/9788125004851"><bdi>9788125004851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+African+Dispersal+in+the+Deccan%3A+From+Medieval+to+Modern+Times&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Orient+Longman&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788125004851&rft.au=Shanti+Sadiq+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-3CPc22nMqIC%26dq%3Dchakan%2Bmassacre%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wkg8AAAAMAAJ&q=chakan+survivor"><i>Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan: Volumes 2–3, Issues 1–2</i></a>. Research Society of Pakistan. 1965. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Research+Society+of+Pakistan%3A+Volumes+2%E2%80%933%2C+Issues+1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Research+Society+of+Pakistan&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWkg8AAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dchakan%2Bsurvivor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Suleman_Siddiqi1990" class="citation journal cs1">Muhammad Suleman Siddiqi (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41880628">"Sufi-State Relationship Under the Bahmanids (A.d. 1348–1538)"</a>. <i>Rivista Degli Studi Orientali</i>. <b>64</b> (1/2): 91. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41880628">41880628</a>. <q>Firishta and Tabatabai, presents a very grim picture of the locals and refer to them as permanent enemies of the Sadat. There is some exaggeration in their account but one must not forget that these accounts of unfortunate affairs are all from the pen of the aliens, who are the products of Safavid Persia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rivista+Degli+Studi+Orientali&rft.atitle=Sufi-State+Relationship+Under+the+Bahmanids+%28A.d.+1348%E2%80%931538%29&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=91&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41880628%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Muhammad+Suleman+Siddiqi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41880628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194791–98_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYazdani,_1947">Yazdani, 1947</a>, pp. 91–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYazdani,_1947">Yazdani, 1947</a>, pp. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamal_Malik2020" class="citation book cs1">Jamal Malik (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAT1DwAAQBAJ&dq=firoz+afaqi&pg=PA168"><i>Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition</i></a>. Brill. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004422711" title="Special:BookSources/9789004422711"><bdi>9789004422711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+South+Asia%3A+Revised%2C+Enlarged+and+Updated+Second+Edition&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789004422711&rft.au=Jamal+Malik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZAT1DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfiroz%2Bafaqi%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurjor_Avari2013" class="citation book cs1">Burjor Avari (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGHpVtQ8eKoC&q=deccanis%20gawan&pg=PA89"><i>Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent</i></a>. Routledge. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415580618" title="Special:BookSources/9780415580618"><bdi>9780415580618</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Civilization+in+South+Asia%3A+A+History+of+Muslim+Power+and+Presence+in+the+Indian+Subcontinent&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780415580618&rft.au=Burjor+Avari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGHpVtQ8eKoC%26q%3Ddeccanis%2520gawan%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&dq=deccanis+looked+upon+empire&pg=RA1-PA137"><i>Indian History</i></a>. Allied Publishers. 1988. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184245684" title="Special:BookSources/9788184245684"><bdi>9788184245684</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+History&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9788184245684&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMazdaWXQFuQC%26dq%3Ddeccanis%2Blooked%2Bupon%2Bempire%26pg%3DRA1-PA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm_von_Pochhammer2005" class="citation book cs1">Wilhelm von Pochhammer (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mHLB4m75pisC&dq=deccanis+looked+upon+empire&pg=PA219"><i>India's Road to Nationhood: A Political History of the Subcontinent</i></a>. Allied. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788177647150" title="Special:BookSources/9788177647150"><bdi>9788177647150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Road+to+Nationhood%3A+A+Political+History+of+the+Subcontinent&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Allied&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9788177647150&rft.au=Wilhelm+von+Pochhammer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmHLB4m75pisC%26dq%3Ddeccanis%2Blooked%2Bupon%2Bempire%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjay_Subrahmanyam1996" class="citation book cs1">Sanjay Subrahmanyam (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUKGAAAAIAAJ&q=afaqis++merchants"><i>Merchant Networks in the Early Modern World</i></a>. Variorum. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780860785071" title="Special:BookSources/9780860785071"><bdi>9780860785071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchant+Networks+in+the+Early+Modern+World&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Variorum&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780860785071&rft.au=Sanjay+Subrahmanyam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUKGAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dafaqis%2B%2Bmerchants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925418–420-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925418–420_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaig,_1925">Haig, 1925</a>, pp. 418–420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatish_Chandra2004" class="citation book cs1">Satish Chandra (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&dq=mahmud+gawan+deccanis&pg=PA187"><i>Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One</i></a>. Har-Anand Publications. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788124110645" title="Special:BookSources/9788124110645"><bdi>9788124110645</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+India%3A+From+Sultanat+to+the+Mughals-Delhi+Sultanat+%281206%E2%80%931526%29+%E2%80%93+Part+One&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788124110645&rft.au=Satish+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL5eFzeyjBTQC%26dq%3Dmahmud%2Bgawan%2Bdeccanis%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925421–422-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925421–422_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaig,_1925">Haig, 1925</a>, pp. 421–422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadhey_Shyam1966" class="citation book cs1">Radhey Shyam (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&dq=nizam+ul+mulk+bahri+regent&pg=PA17"><i>The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120826519" title="Special:BookSources/9788120826519"><bdi>9788120826519</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+Ahmadnagar&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9788120826519&rft.au=Radhey+Shyam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5C4hBqKdkEsC%26dq%3Dnizam%2Bul%2Bmulk%2Bbahri%2Bregent%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710–11-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194710–11_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYazdani,_1947">Yazdani, 1947</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Bowman2000" class="citation book cs1">John Bowman (2000). <i>Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</i>. 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ISCUS. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharat-Rus%3A+An+Introduction+to+Indo-Russian+Contracts+and+Travels+from+Mediaeval+Times+to+the+October+Revolution&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=ISCUS&rft.date=1958&rft.au=P.+M.+Kemp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3EDRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictor_Lieberman2003" class="citation book cs1">Victor Lieberman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x3zaRttYiekC&dq=bahmani+indo-muslim&pg=PA730"><i>Strange Parallels: Volume 2, Mainland Mirrors: Europe, Japan, China, South Asia, and the Islands</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 730. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521823524" title="Special:BookSources/9780521823524"><bdi>9780521823524</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Parallels%3A+Volume+2%2C+Mainland+Mirrors%3A+Europe%2C+Japan%2C+China%2C+South+Asia%2C+and+the+Islands&rft.pages=730&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780521823524&rft.au=Victor+Lieberman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx3zaRttYiekC%26dq%3Dbahmani%2Bindo-muslim%26pg%3DPA730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEN.H1988-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEN.H1988_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEN.H1988_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFN.H1988">N.H 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN.H1988" class="citation web cs1">N.H, Ansari (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahmanid-dynasty-a-dynasty-founded-in-748-1347-in-the-deccan-sanskrit-daksia-lit">"BAHMANID DYNASTY"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=BAHMANID+DYNASTY&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=N.H&rft.aufirst=Ansari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahmanid-dynasty-a-dynasty-founded-in-748-1347-in-the-deccan-sanskrit-daksia-lit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FzVuAAAAMAAJ&q=quli+khawas"><i>Annual Report</i></a>. Archaeological Survey of India. 1916. p. 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFzVuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dquli%2Bkhawas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925391,_397–398-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaig,_1925391,_397–398_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaig,_1925">Haig, 1925</a>, pp. 391, 397–398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sewell, Robert. <i>A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar)</i> pp.57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOI-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Proving-their-mettle-in-metal-craft/articleshow/11332582.cms">"Proving their mettle in metal craft"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 2 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508043800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/hyderabad/30580986_1_bidriware-hyderabad-bidar">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Proving+their+mettle+in+metal+craft&rft.date=2012-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2FProving-their-mettle-in-metal-craft%2Farticleshow%2F11332582.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-art-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-art_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-art_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/karnataka-tableau-to-feature-bidriware/article1079557.ece">"Karnataka tableau to feature Bidriware"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 11 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bidar+Fort+in+Karnataka%3A+A+treasure+trove+of+south+Indian+heritage&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Rangan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fmy-kolkata%2Fplaces%2Fbidar-fort-in-karnataka-a-grand-architecture-with-a-great-historical-past%2Fcid%2F1942732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_1947114–142-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_1947114–142_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYazdani,_1947">Yazdani, 1947</a>, pp. 114–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSara_Mondini2016" class="citation journal cs1">Sara Mondini (2016). "The Use of Quranic Inscriptions in the Bahmani Royal Mausoleums The Case of Three Tombstones from Ashtur". <i>Eurasiatica</i>. <b>4</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14277%2F6969-085-3%2FEUR-4-12">10.14277/6969-085-3/EUR-4-12</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasiatica&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Quranic+Inscriptions+in+the+Bahmani+Royal+Mausoleums+The+Case+of+Three+Tombstones+from+Ashtur&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14277%2F6969-085-3%2FEUR-4-12&rft.au=Sara+Mondini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194724-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYazdani,_194724_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYazdani,_1947">Yazdani, 1947</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani194677–78-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani194677–78_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwani1946">Sherwani 1946</a>, pp. 77–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwani1946102-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwani1946102_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwani1946">Sherwani 1946</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jagjit (2006). <i>Artillery: The Battle-Winning Arm</i>. Lancer Publishers, New Delhi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8176021807" title="Special:BookSources/978-8176021807"><bdi>978-8176021807</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artillery%3A+The+Battle-Winning+Arm&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers%2C+New+Delhi&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-8176021807&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jagjit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianarmy.nic.in/">"The Official Home Page of the Indian Army"</a>. <i>indianarmy.nic.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170626223336/https://indianarmy.nic.in/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indianarmy.nic.in&rft.atitle=The+Official+Home+Page+of+the+Indian+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianarmy.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981155-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981155_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhan1981">Khan 1981</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981157-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981157_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhan1981">Khan 1981</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2014" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Kaushik (22 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dSVnAwAAQBAJ&dq=bahmani+sultanate+cannons&pg=PA21"><i>Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-813-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-813-4"><bdi>978-1-78093-813-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Transition+in+Early+Modern+Asia%2C+1400%E2%80%931750%3A+Cavalry%2C+Guns%2C+Government+and+Ships&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2014-05-22&rft.isbn=978-1-78093-813-4&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Kaushik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdSVnAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbahmani%2Bsultanate%2Bcannons%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981164-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981164_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhan1981">Khan 1981</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sots-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sots_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRötzer2011" class="citation book cs1">Rötzer, Klaus (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iWNHYID4WqAC&dq=Gunpowder+weapons+in+the+Bahmani+Sultanate+-wikipedia&pg=PA204">"Fortifications and Gunpowder in the Deccan, 1368–1687"</a>. In Haidar, Navina Najat; Sardar, Marika (eds.). <i>Sultans of the South</i>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781588394385" title="Special:BookSources/9781588394385"><bdi>9781588394385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fortifications+and+Gunpowder+in+the+Deccan%2C+1368%E2%80%931687&rft.btitle=Sultans+of+the+South&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781588394385&rft.aulast=R%C3%B6tzer&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiWNHYID4WqAC%26dq%3DGunpowder%2Bweapons%2Bin%2Bthe%2BBahmani%2BSultanate%2B-wikipedia%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan1981163-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan1981163_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhan1981">Khan 1981</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ghow-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ghow_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ghow_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2022" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Kaushik (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k6t_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Gunpowder+weapons+in+the+Bahmani+Sultanate+-wikipedia&pg=PA119"><i>A Global History of Warfare and Technology</i></a>. Springer Nature Singapore. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811934780" title="Special:BookSources/9789811934780"><bdi>9789811934780</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+History+of+Warfare+and+Technology&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Springer+Nature+Singapore&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9789811934780&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Kaushik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk6t_EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DGunpowder%2Bweapons%2Bin%2Bthe%2BBahmani%2BSultanate%2B-wikipedia%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvari2013" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Burjor_Avari" title="Burjor Avari">Avari, Burjor</a> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGHpVtQ8eKoC"><i>Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A history of Muslim power and presence in the Indian subcontinent</i></a>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58061-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-58061-8"><bdi>978-0-415-58061-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Civilization+in+South+Asia%3A+A+history+of+Muslim+power+and+presence+in+the+Indian+subcontinent&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-58061-8&rft.aulast=Avari&rft.aufirst=Burjor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGHpVtQ8eKoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsari1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ansari, N. H. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahmanid-dynasty-a-dynasty-founded-in-748-1347-in-the-deccan-sanskrit-daksia-lit">"Bahmanid dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">494–</span>499.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahmanid+dynasty&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E494-%3C%2Fspan%3E499&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Ansari&rft.aufirst=N.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahmanid-dynasty-a-dynasty-founded-in-748-1347-in-the-deccan-sanskrit-daksia-lit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2004" class="citation cs2">Chandra, Satish (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&pg=PA177"><i>Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One</i></a>, Har-Anand Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-241-1064-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-241-1064-5"><bdi>978-81-241-1064-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+India%3A+From+Sultanat+to+the+Mughals-Delhi+Sultanat+%281206%E2%80%931526%29+%E2%80%93+Part+One&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-241-1064-5&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL5eFzeyjBTQC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton_1978" class="citation book cs1">Richard Maxwell Eaton (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ"><i>The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300–1700 : Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400868155" title="Special:BookSources/9781400868155"><bdi>9781400868155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sufis+of+Bijapur%2C+1300%E2%80%931700+%3A+Social+Roles+of+Sufis+in+Medieval+India&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9781400868155&rft.au=Richard+Maxwell+Eaton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj2F9BgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton_2005" class="citation book cs1">Richard M. Eaton (17 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC"><i>A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761: Eight Indian Lives, Part 1, Volume 8</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521254847" title="Special:BookSources/9780521254847"><bdi>9780521254847</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+the+Deccan%2C+1300%E2%80%931761%3A+Eight+Indian+Lives%2C+Part+1%2C+Volume+8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-11-17&rft.isbn=9780521254847&rft.au=Richard+M.+Eaton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcGd2huLXEVYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaig,_1925" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Haig" title="Wolseley Haig">Haig, Sir Thomas Wolseley</a> (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989/page/n1"><i>The Cambridge History of India (Volume III)</i></a>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+India+%28Volume+III%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Haig&rft.aufirst=Sir+Thomas+Wolseley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.46989%2Fpage%2Fn1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.D.E1990" class="citation book cs1">J.D.E, Gribble (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNtjIJmhoIkC"><i>History of the Decan</i></a>. Mittal Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Decan&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=J.D.E&rft.aufirst=Gribble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPNtjIJmhoIkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan1981" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Iqtidar (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3631993">"Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India: A.D. 1442-1526"</a>. <i>Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient</i>. <b>24</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">146–</span>164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3631993">10.2307/3631993</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3631993">3631993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Orient&rft.atitle=Early+Use+of+Cannon+and+Musket+in+India%3A+A.D.+1442-1526.&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E146-%3C%2Fspan%3E164&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3631993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3631993%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Iqtidar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F3631993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004" class="citation cs2">Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C"><i>A History of India</i></a> (Fourth ed.), Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415329194" title="Special:BookSources/9780415329194"><bdi>9780415329194</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780415329194&rft.aulast=Kulke&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Rothermund%2C+Dietmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPVq3ykHyH4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajumdar1967" class="citation cs2">Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1967), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c8IKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA248"><i>The Delhi Sultanate</i></a>, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Delhi+Sultanate&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Majumdar&rft.aufirst=Ramesh+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc8IKAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2005" class="citation book cs1">Meri, Josef W. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC"><i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>1088. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135455965" title="Special:BookSources/9781135455965"><bdi>9781135455965</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E1088&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781135455965&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Josef+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-k9oc9xsuAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad1933" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ishwari_Prasad" title="Ishwari Prasad">Prasad, Ishwari</a> (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281016/mode/2up"><i>History Of Mediaeval India</i></a>. Allahabad: The Indian Press Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Of+Mediaeval+India&rft.place=Allahabad&rft.pub=The+Indian+Press+Ltd.&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Ishwari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.281016%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwani1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Haroon_Khan_Sherwani" title="Haroon Khan Sherwani">Sherwani, Haroon Khan</a> (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.68551"><i>The Bahmanis of the Deccan – An Objective Study</i></a>. Krishnavas International Printers, Hyderabad Deccan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bahmanis+of+the+Deccan+%E2%80%93+An+Objective+Study&rft.pub=Krishnavas+International+Printers%2C+Hyderabad+Deccan&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Sherwani&rft.aufirst=Haroon+Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.68551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazdani,_1947" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Yazdani" title="Ghulam Yazdani">Yazdani, Ghulam</a> (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279710/page/n1"><i>Bidar, Its History and Monuments</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120810716" title="Special:BookSources/9788120810716"><bdi>9788120810716</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bidar%2C+Its+History+and+Monuments&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1947&rft.isbn=9788120810716&rft.aulast=Yazdani&rft.aufirst=Ghulam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.279710%2Fpage%2Fn1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahmani+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahmani_Kingdom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bahmani_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Bahmani Kingdom">Bahmani Kingdom</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverton2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Overton, Keelan (2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/bahmani-dynasty-COM_25147">"Bahmanī dynasty"</a></span>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ala-ud-Din_Bahman_Shah" title="Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah">Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shah_I" title="Mohammed Shah I">Mohammed Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahid_Shah" title="Mujahid Shah">Mujahid Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_ud-Din_Firuz_Shah" title="Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah">Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I_Wali" title="Ahmad Shah I Wali">Ahmad Shah I Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%98Alau%E2%80%99d-din_Ahmad_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="‘Alau’d-din Ahmad Shah">‘Alau’d-din Ahmad Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun_Shah" title="Humayun Shah">Humayun Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam-Ud-Din_Ahmad_III" title="Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III">Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_III_Lashkari" title="Muhammad Shah III Lashkari">Muhammad Shah III Lashkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Shah_Bahmani_II" title="Mahmood Shah Bahmani II">Mahmood Shah Bahmani II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Tombs" title="Bahmani Tombs">Bahmani Tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chand_Minar" title="Chand Minar">Chand Minar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chor_Gumbad" title="Chor Gumbad">Chor Gumbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haft_Gumbaz" title="Haft Gumbaz">Haft Gumbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Mosque,_Golconda" title="Jama Mosque, Golconda">Jama Mosque, Golconda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Mosque,_Kalaburagi" title="Jama Mosque, Kalaburagi">Jama Mosque, Kalaburagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan_Madrasa" title="Mahmud Gawan Madrasa">Mahmud Gawan Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solapur_Bhuikot_Killa" title="Solapur Bhuikot Killa">Solapur Bhuikot Killa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pargana#Bahmani_usage" title="Pargana">Tarafdars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathullah_Imad-ul-Mulk" title="Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk">Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gawan" title="Mahmud Gawan">Mahmud Gawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ahmad_Nizam_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I">Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Hasan_Bahri" title="Malik Hasan Bahri">Malik Hasan Bahri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_Barid_I" title="Qasim Barid I">Qasim Barid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quli_Qutb_Shah" title="Quli Qutb Shah">Quli Qutb Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Adil_Shah" title="Yusuf Adil Shah">Yusuf Adil Shah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Maharashtra_State_of_Maharashtra462" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maharashtra" title="Template:Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Maharashtra_State_of_Maharashtra462" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Maharashtra"><img alt="Emblem of Maharashtra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/24px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/36px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Geography of Maharashtra">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Maharashtra" title="Tourism in Maharashtra">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalsubai" title="Kalsubai">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Culture of Maharashtra">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Maharashtra" title="Sports in Maharashtra">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" title="Category:Maharashtra">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desh_region" title="Desh region">Desh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Maharashtra" title="North Maharashtra">North Maharashtra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">Divisions and <br />Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amravati_division" title="Amravati division">Amravati division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akola_district" title="Akola district">Akola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amravati_district" title="Amravati district">Amravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buldhana_district" title="Buldhana district">Buldhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washim_district" title="Washim district">Washim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavatmal_district" title="Yavatmal district">Yavatmal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Konkan_division" title="Konkan division">Konkan division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_district" title="Mumbai Suburban district">Mumbai Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palghar_district" title="Palghar district">Palghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri_district" title="Ratnagiri district">Ratnagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhudurg_district" title="Sindhudurg district">Sindhudurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_division" title="Aurangabad division">Aurangabad division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beed_district" title="Beed district">Beed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_district,_Maharashtra" title="Aurangabad district, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanabad_district" title="Osmanabad district">Osmanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingoli_district" title="Hingoli district">Hingoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalna_district" title="Jalna district">Jalna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latur_district" title="Latur district">Latur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanded_district" title="Nanded district">Nanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbhani_district" title="Parbhani district">Parbhani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_division" title="Nagpur division">Nagpur division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhandara_district" title="Bhandara district">Bhandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrapur_district" title="Chandrapur district">Chandrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadchiroli_district" title="Gadchiroli district">Gadchiroli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondia_district" title="Gondia district">Gondia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_district" title="Nagpur district">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardha_district" title="Wardha district">Wardha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nashik_division" title="Nashik division">Nashik division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar_district" title="Ahmednagar district">Ahmednagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhule_district" title="Dhule district">Dhule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon_district" title="Jalgaon district">Jalgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandurbar_district" title="Nandurbar district">Nandurbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik_district" title="Nashik district">Nashik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pune_division" title="Pune division">Pune division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_district" title="Kolhapur district">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune_district" title="Pune district">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli_district" title="Sangli district">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satara_district" title="Satara district">Satara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solapur_district" title="Solapur district">Solapur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Million-plus cities <br /> in Maharashtra</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimpri-Chinchwad" title="Pimpri-Chinchwad">Pimpri-Chinchwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan-Dombivli" title="Kalyan-Dombivli">Kalyan-Dombivli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities with <br /> municipal corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akola" title="Akola">Akola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amravati" title="Amravati">Amravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhiwandi" title="Bhiwandi">Bhiwandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrapur" title="Chandrapur">Chandrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhule" title="Dhule">Dhule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichalkaranji" title="Ichalkaranji">Ichalkaranji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon" title="Jalgaon">Jalgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latur" title="Latur">Latur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malegaon" title="Malegaon">Malegaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira-Bhayandar" title="Mira-Bhayandar">Mira-Bhayandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanded" title="Nanded">Nanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panvel" title="Panvel">Panvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbhani" title="Parbhani">Parbhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli" title="Sangli">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solapur" title="Solapur">Solapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhasnagar" title="Ulhasnagar">Ulhasnagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of chief ministers of Maharashtra">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislature" title="Maharashtra Legislature">Legislature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Police" title="Maharashtra Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal:India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka806" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Karnataka_topics" title="Template:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Karnataka_topics" title="Template talk:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka806" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Karnataka,_India.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Karnataka"><img alt="Seal of Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/25px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/38px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/50px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_state_symbols" title="List of Karnataka state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">Fruit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Hypselobarbus_carnaticus" title="Hypselobarbus carnaticus">Carnatic carp</a></li> <li>Insect: <a href="/wiki/Troides_minos" title="Troides minos">Southern birdwing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka" title="Category:Karnataka">Overviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Karnataka" title="Architecture of Karnataka">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka#Climate" title="Karnataka">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Karnataka" title="Demographics of Karnataka">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Karnataka" title="Education in Karnataka">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">Folk arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Karnataka" title="Sports in Karnataka">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Karnataka" title="Transport in Karnataka">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Karnataka" title="Category:History of Karnataka">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavarsha" title="Amoghavarsha">Amoghavarsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balligavi" title="Balligavi">Balligavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Chitradurga" title="Nayakas of Chitradurga">Chitradurga Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvinita" title="Durvinita">Durvinita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Coorg" title="Kingdom of Coorg">Kingdom of Coorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Kalyani Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Keladi" title="Nayakas of Keladi">Keladi Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivappa_Nayaka" title="Shivappa Nayaka">Shivappa Nayaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittur_Chennamma" title="Kittur Chennamma">Kittur Chennamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_II" title="Veera Ballala II">Veera Ballala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_II" title="Vikramaditya II">Vikramaditya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_VI" title="Vikramaditya VI">Vikramaditya VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Karnataka" title="Administrative divisions of Karnataka">divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_division" title="Bangalore division">Bangalore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bangalore Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_district" title="Chitradurga district">Chitradurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_district" title="Ramanagara district">Ramanagara </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapura_district" title="Chikkaballapura district">Chikkaballapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_division" title="Belagavi division">Belagavi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot_district" title="Bagalkot district">Bagalkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belagavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_division" title="Kalaburagi division">Kalaburagi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballari_district" title="Ballari district">Ballari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raichur_district" title="Raichur district">Raichur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_district" title="Vijayanagara district">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadgir_district" title="Yadgir district">Yadgir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_division" title="Mysore division">Mysore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar_district" title="Chamarajanagar district">Chamarajanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandya_district" title="Mandya district">Mandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Rivers of Karnataka">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Karnataka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Karnataka">Dams and reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">Taluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Villages in Karnataka">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayyana_Giri" title="Mullayyana Giri">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayalu Seeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Culture of Karnataka">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidriware" title="Bidriware">Bidriware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channapatna_toys" title="Channapatna toys">Channapatna toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishath" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath">Chitrakala Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaarudi_Gombe" title="Gaarudi Gombe">Gaarudi Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkal_sari" title="Ilkal sari">Ilkal sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Karnatik music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuti" title="Kasuti">Kasuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedda" title="Khedda">Khedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togalu_gombeyaata" title="Togalu gombeyaata">Togalu gombeyaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Literature of Karnataka">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_milestones_in_Kannada_literature" title="List of milestones in Kannada literature">Milestones</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_epics_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of epics in the Kannada language">Epics</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Kannada_literature" title="Medieval Kannada literature">Medieval</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_literature" title="Rashtrakuta literature">Rashtrakuta</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_literature" title="Western Ganga literature">Western Ganga</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Western Chalukya</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_literature" title="Hoysala literature">Hoysala</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature_in_Kannada" title="Vijayanagara literature in Kannada">Vijayanagara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vachana_sahitya" title="Vachana sahitya">Vachana</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_literature_in_Kannada" title="Mysore literature in Kannada">Mysore</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yakshagana_plays_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language">Play</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Sammelana" title="Kannada Sahitya Sammelana">Kannada Sahitya Sammelana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_literature" title="List of Karnataka literature">Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_poets" title="Category:Kannada poets">Noted poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaga" title="Asaga">Asaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunavarma_I" title="Gunavarma I">Gunavarma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Adikavi Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponna_(poet)" title="Ponna (poet)">Sri Ponna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devar_Dasimayya" title="Devar Dasimayya">Devar Dasimayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harihara_(poet)" title="Harihara (poet)">Harihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavanka" title="Raghavanka">Raghavanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrabhatta" title="Rudrabhatta">Rudrabhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janna" title="Janna">Janna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumara_Vyasa" title="Kumara Vyasa">Kumara Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarasa" title="Chamarasa">Chamarasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijaguna_Shivayogi" title="Nijaguna Shivayogi">Nijaguna Shivayogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakaravarni" title="Ratnakaravarni">Ratnakaravarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dasa" title="Vijaya Dasa">Vijaya Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Dasa" title="Gopala Dasa">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Kannada_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmisa" title="Lakshmisa">Lakshmisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Sharif" title="Shishunala Sharif">Shishunala Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._R._Bendre" title="D. R. Bendre">D. R. Bendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrishna_Adiga" title="Gopalakrishna Adiga">Gopalakrishna Adiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Seetharamaiah" title="V. Seetharamaiah">V. Seetharamaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Narasimhaswamy" title="K. S. Narasimhaswamy">K. S. Narasimhaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Govinda_Pai" title="M. Govinda Pai">M. Govinda Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Gundappa" title="D. V. Gundappa">D. V. Gundappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Shivarudrappa" title="G. S. Shivarudrappa">G. S. Shivarudrappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Karnataka" title="Category:People from Karnataka">People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka_society" title="Category:Karnataka society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka ethnic groups">Karnataka ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Karnataka" title="List of beaches in Karnataka">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Dams in Karnataka">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Forts in Karnataka">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Karnataka" title="Category:National parks in Karnataka">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Jain temples in Karnataka">Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_awards_and_decorations_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Civil awards and decorations of Karnataka">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampa_Award" title="Pampa Award">Pampa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrupatunga_Award" title="Nrupatunga Award">Nrupatunga Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava_Puraskara" title="Basava Puraskara">Basava Puraskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyotsava_Prashasti" title="Rajyotsava Prashasti">Rajyotsava Prashasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakanachari_Award" title="Jakanachari Award">Jakanachari Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnashilpi_Venkatappa_Award" title="Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award">Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Award" title="Kempegowda Award">Kempegowda Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_newspapers" title="List of Kannada-language newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_magazines" title="List of Kannada-language magazines">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_television_channels" title="List of Kannada-language television channels">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_radio_stations" title="List of Kannada-language radio stations">Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Telangana440" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telangana" title="Template:Telangana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telangana" title="Template talk:Telangana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telangana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telangana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Telangana440" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Telangana" title="Architecture of Telangana">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Telangana" title="Culture of Telangana">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Telangana" title="Demographics of Telangana">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Telangana" title="Education in Telangana">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana#Geography" title="Telangana">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Telangana" title="Government of Telangana">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Telangana" title="History of Telangana">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Language_Day" title="Telangana Language Day">Language day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Telangana" title="Politics of Telangana">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Telangana" title="List of people from Telangana">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Telangana" title="Tourism in Telangana">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynasties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnukundina_dynasty" title="Vishnukundina dynasty">Vishnukundinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rastrakutas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musunuri_Nayakas" title="Musunuri Nayakas">Musunuri Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Golconda" title="Sultanate of Golconda">Qutb Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Asaf Jahi dynasty (Nizams)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Telangana" title="List of districts of Telangana">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adilabad_district" title="Adilabad district">Adilabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komaram_Bheem_Asifabad_district" title="Komaram Bheem Asifabad district">Komaram Bheem Asifabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadradri_Kothagudem_district" title="Bhadradri Kothagudem district">Bhadradri Kothagudem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanamkonda_district" title="Hanamkonda district">Hanamkonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_district,_India" title="Hyderabad district, India">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagtial_district" title="Jagtial district">Jagtial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangaon_district" title="Jangaon district">Jangaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayashankar_Bhupalpally_district" title="Jayashankar Bhupalpally district">Jayashankar Bhupalpally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogulamba_Gadwal_district" title="Jogulamba Gadwal district">Jogulamba Gadwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamareddy_district" title="Kamareddy district">Kamareddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimnagar_district" title="Karimnagar district">Karimnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khammam_district" title="Khammam district">Khammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabubabad_district" title="Mahabubabad district">Mahabubabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabubnagar_district" title="Mahabubnagar district">Mahabubnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mancherial_district" title="Mancherial district">Mancherial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medak_district" title="Medak district">Medak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medchal-Malkajgiri_district" title="Medchal-Malkajgiri district">Medchal-Malkajgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulugu_district" title="Mulugu district">Mulugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarkurnool_district" title="Nagarkurnool district">Nagarkurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalgonda_district" title="Nalgonda district">Nalgonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanpet_district" title="Narayanpet district">Narayanapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_district" title="Nirmal district">Nirmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamabad_district" title="Nizamabad district">Nizamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peddapalli_district" title="Peddapalli district">Peddapalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajanna_Sircilla_district" title="Rajanna Sircilla district">Rajanna Sircilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranga_Reddy_district" title="Ranga Reddy district">Ranga Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangareddy_district" title="Sangareddy district">Sangareddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddipet_district" title="Siddipet district">Siddipet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suryapet_district" title="Suryapet district">Suryapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikarabad_district" title="Vikarabad district">Vikarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanaparthy_district" title="Wanaparthy district">Wanaparthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warangal_district" title="Warangal district">Warangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadadri_Bhuvanagiri" title="Yadadri Bhuvanagiri">Y.Bhuvanagiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Commissionerates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_City_Police" title="Hyderabad City Police">Hyderabad central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachakonda_Police_Commissionerate" title="Rachakonda Police Commissionerate">Rachakonda-Bhuvanagiri, Hyderabad East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberabad_Metropolitan_Police" title="Cyberabad Metropolitan Police">Cyberabad-Hyderabad West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimnagar_Police_Commissionerate" title="Karimnagar Police Commissionerate">Karimnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khammam_Police_Commissionerate" title="Khammam Police Commissionerate">Khammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamabad_Police" title="Nizamabad Police">Nizamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramagundam_Police_Commissionerate" title="Ramagundam Police Commissionerate">Ramagundam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddipet_Police_Commissionerate" title="Siddipet Police Commissionerate">Siddipet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warangal_Police_Commissionerate" title="Warangal Police Commissionerate">Warangal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Telangana" title="List of cities and towns in Telangana">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warangal" title="Warangal">Warangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamabad,_Telangana" title="Nizamabad, Telangana">Nizamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khammam" title="Khammam">Khammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimnagar" title="Karimnagar">Karimnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramagundam" title="Ramagundam">Ramagundam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahbubnagar" title="Mahbubnagar">Mahbubnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalgonda" title="Nalgonda">Nalgonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adilabad" title="Adilabad">Adilabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secunderabad" title="Secunderabad">Secunderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suryapet" title="Suryapet">Suryapet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Telangana" title="Tourism in Telangana">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Telangana" title="Category:Churches in Telangana">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Telangana" title="Category:Dams in Telangana">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Telangana" title="Category:Forts in Telangana">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Temples_in_Telangana" title="Category:Temples in Telangana">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mosques_in_Telangana" title="Category:Mosques in Telangana">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Telangana" title="Category:Lakes of Telangana">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Telangana" title="Category:National parks in Telangana">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_Telangana" title="Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of Telangana">Sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Telangana" title="Category:Waterfalls of Telangana">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Municipal corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hyderabad_Municipal_Corporation" title="Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimnagar_Municipal_Corporation" title="Karimnagar Municipal Corporation">Karimnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khammam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Khammam Municipal Corporation">Khammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamabad_Municipal_Corporation" title="Nizamabad Municipal Corporation">Nizamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramagundam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Ramagundam Municipal Corporation">Ramagundam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Warangal_Municipal_Corporation" title="Greater Warangal Municipal Corporation">Warangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boduppal" title="Boduppal">Boduppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerzadiguda" title="Peerzadiguda">Peerzadiguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharnagar,_Telangana" title="Jawaharnagar, Telangana">Jawaharnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizampet" title="Nizampet">Nizampet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badangpet" title="Badangpet">Badangpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandlaguda_Jagir" title="Bandlaguda Jagir">Bandlaguda Jagir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerpet%E2%80%93Jillelguda" title="Meerpet–Jillelguda">Meerpet–Jillelguda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Telangana" title="List of cities and towns in Telangana">List of cities in Telangana by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Telangana" title="List of cities and towns in Telangana">List of cities in Telangana by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Telangana" title="List of urban agglomerations in Telangana">List of urban agglomerations in Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Telangana" title="List of districts of Telangana">List of districts in Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_local_bodies_in_Telangana" title="List of urban local bodies in Telangana">List of urban local bodies in Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Andhra_Pradesh690" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template:Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Andhra_Pradesh690" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: none; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Andhra Pradesh">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="History of Andhra Pradesh">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Geography of Andhra Pradesh">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Government of Andhra Pradesh">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Demographics of Andhra Pradesh">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Culture of Andhra Pradesh">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Politics of Andhra Pradesh">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Education in Andhra Pradesh">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Andhra Pradesh">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Andhra Pradesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Sports in Andhra Pradesh">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Transport in Andhra Pradesh">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Song</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maa_Telugu_Thalliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa Telugu Thalliki">Maa Telugu Thalliki</a></dd> <dt>Language</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></dd> <dt>Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></dd> <dt>Sport</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></dd> <dt>Animal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck</a></dd> <dt>Bird</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rose-ringed_parakeet" title="Rose-ringed parakeet">Rose-ringed parakeet</a></dd> <dt>Fish</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Channa_marulius" title="Channa marulius">Great Snakehead</a></dd> <dt>Flower</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_officinale" title="Jasminum officinale">Jasmine</a></dd> <dt>Fruit</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Banganapalle_(mango)" title="Banganapalle (mango)">Banginapalli Mango</a></dd> <dt>Tree</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Azadirachta_indica" title="Azadirachta indica">Neem</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Andhra" title="North Andhra">North Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Andhra" title="Coastal Andhra">Coastal Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayalaseema" title="Rayalaseema">Rayalaseema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of districts of Andhra Pradesh">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitharama_Raju_district" title="Alluri Sitharama Raju district">Alluri Sitharama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anakapalli_district" title="Anakapalli district">Anakapalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantapur_district" title="Anantapur district">Anantapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamayya_district" title="Annamayya district">Annamayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bapatla_district" title="Bapatla district">Bapatla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor_district" title="Chittoor district">Chittoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Godavari_district" title="East Godavari district">East Godavari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluru_district" title="Eluru district">Eluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntur_district" title="Guntur district">Guntur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapa_district" title="Kadapa district">Kadapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakinada_district" title="Kakinada district">Kakinada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konaseema_district" title="Konaseema district">Konaseema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_district" title="Krishna district">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurnool_district" title="Kurnool district">Kurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandyal_district" title="Nandyal district">Nandyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTR_district" title="NTR district">NTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palnadu_district" title="Palnadu district">Palnadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvathipuram_Manyam_district" title="Parvathipuram Manyam district">Parvathipuram Manyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellore_district" title="Nellore district">Nellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikakulam_district" title="Srikakulam district">Srikakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sathya_Sai_district" title="Sri Sathya Sai district">Sri Sathya Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam_district" title="Visakhapatnam district">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram_district" title="Vizianagaram district">Vizianagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Godavari_district" title="West Godavari district">West Godavari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Metropolis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoni" title="Adoni">Adoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantapur" title="Anantapur">Anantapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimavaram" title="Bhimavaram">Bhimavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilakaluripet" title="Chilakaluripet">Chilakaluripet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor" title="Chittoor">Chittoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmavaram,_Sri_Sathya_Sai_district" title="Dharmavaram, Sri Sathya Sai district">Dharmavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadiri" title="Kadiri">Kadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluru" title="Eluru">Eluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudivada" title="Gudivada">Gudivada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntakal" title="Guntakal">Guntakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindupur" title="Hindupur">Hindupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapa" title="Kadapa">Kadapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakinada" title="Kakinada">Kakinada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurnool" title="Kurnool">Kurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Machilipatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madanapalle" title="Madanapalle">Madanapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandyal" title="Nandyal">Nandyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasaraopet" title="Narasaraopet">Narasaraopet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellore" title="Nellore">Nellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuzvid" title="Nuzvid">Nuzvid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongole" title="Ongole">Ongole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakollu" title="Palakollu">Palakollu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proddatur" title="Proddatur">Proddatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajahmundry" title="Rajahmundry">Rajahmundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikakulam" title="Srikakulam">Srikakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadepalligudem" title="Tadepalligudem">Tadepalligudem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadipatri" title="Tadipatri">Tadipatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenali" title="Tenali">Tenali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuni" title="Tuni">Tuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram" title="Vizianagaram">Vizianagaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Transport in Andhra Pradesh">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airports_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Airports in Andhra Pradesh">Airports</a></li> <li>Railways</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_highways_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:State highways in Andhra Pradesh">Roadways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Andhra Pradesh">Seaports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Andhra Pradesh">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Dams in Andhra Pradesh">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Forts in Andhra Pradesh">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Lakes of Andhra Pradesh">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:National parks in Andhra Pradesh">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Churches in Andhra Pradesh">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Waterfalls of Andhra Pradesh">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="History of Andhra Pradesh">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Ikshvaku" title="Andhra Ikshvaku">Andhra Ikshvaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Gotrika" title="Ananda Gotrika">Ananda Gotrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salankayana_dynasty" title="Salankayana dynasty">Salankayana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnukundina_dynasty" title="Vishnukundina dynasty">Vishnukundina dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallava dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velanati_Chodas" title="Velanati Chodas">Velanati Chodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musunuri_Nayakas" title="Musunuri Nayakas">Musunuri Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddi_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reddi kingdom">Reddi kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb Shahi dynasty">Qutb Shahi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Jahi_dynasty" title="Asaf Jahi dynasty">Asaf Jahi dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population">List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh">List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revenue_divisions_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh">List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh">List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mandals_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh">List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata601" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata601" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374521#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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