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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الموسوعة العبرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الموسوعة العبرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Hebraica" title="Enciclopèdia Hebraica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enciclopèdia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_Hebrea" title="Enciclopedia Hebrea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enciclopedia Hebrea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrea_enciklopedio" title="Hebrea enciklopedio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hebrea enciklopedio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Encyclopédie hébraïque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encyclopédie hébraïque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հրեական հանրագիտարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրեական հանրագիտարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_ebraica" title="Enciclopedia ebraica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enciclopedia ebraica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האנציקלופדיה העברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האנציקלופדיה העברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ებრაული ენციკლოპედია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ებრაული ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ურიული ენციკლოპედია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ურიული ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الموسوعه العبريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الموسوعه العبريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8" title="ヘブライ百科事典 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘブライ百科事典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Еврейская энциклопедия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Еврейская энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopædia Hebraica – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Encyclopædia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica" title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Encyclopaedia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="希伯来百科全书 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希伯来百科全书" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E8%90%8A%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="希伯萊百科全書 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希伯萊百科全書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Encyclopaedia+Hebraica%22">"Encyclopaedia Hebraica"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Encyclopaedia+Hebraica%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Encyclopaedia+Hebraica%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Encyclopaedia+Hebraica%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Encyclopaedia+Hebraica%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Encyclopaedia+Hebraica%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HebraicaStack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/HebraicaStack.jpg/220px-HebraicaStack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/HebraicaStack.jpg/330px-HebraicaStack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/HebraicaStack.jpg/440px-HebraicaStack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>Stack of volumes. The large Hebrew letters on the lower end of the spine indicate the volume number in <a href="/wiki/Gematriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gematriya">gematriya</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Encyclopaedia_Hebraica_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica_2.JPG/220px-Encyclopaedia_Hebraica_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica_2.JPG/330px-Encyclopaedia_Hebraica_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Encyclopaedia_Hebraica_2.JPG/440px-Encyclopaedia_Hebraica_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3182" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption>Volumes of the <i>Encyclopaedia Hebraica</i> more conventionally arranged</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>Encyclopaedia Hebraica</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">האנציקלופדיה העברית</span>) is a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a> that was published in the latter half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Hebraica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>General Encyclopedia</i> had been successfully printed by <a href="/wiki/Bracha_Peli" title="Bracha Peli">Bracha Peli</a>'s printing business under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Klausner" title="Joseph Klausner">Prof. Joseph Klausner</a>. Bracha Peli's son, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Peli" title="Alexander Peli">Alexander</a> was keen to start a more ambitious encyclopedia in Hebrew.<sup id="cite_ref-bracha_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bracha-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of the <i>Encyclopaedia Hebraica</i> began to take material form in the summer of 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Peli_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An advisory committee was established to determine the goals of the encyclopedia. Printing of the first volume began in the summer of 1948 with the founding of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>. The honorary president of the project was the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a>, Professor <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peli_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first volume covered the entries <a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Aleph</a> (א) through <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (אוסטרליה). The first photograph that appears in the volume is a picture of <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Establishment_of_the_State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel">Israel's Declaration of Independence</a>. The entry concluding the encyclopedia, in volume 32, is <a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">Tishrei</a> (תשרי). </p><p>In the publisher's introduction was written: </p> <blockquote> <p>We have strong faith that we will realize our aspiration to provide exceptional content in a magnificent vessel and to add and enhance from volume to volume, and that we will finish publishing all 16 volumes within five or six years and that the whole project will achieve its purpose. </p> </blockquote> <p>As it turned out, the writing of the encyclopedia continued for more than thirty years, and only in 1980—a quarter century after the original target date—was the publication completed. In total, the encyclopedia numbered thirty-two volumes when it was completed. During the writing stage, an additional <a href="/wiki/Addendum" title="Addendum">Addendum</a> I volume came out, which updated and supplemented volumes 1 through 16, and after volume 32 was completed an Addendum II volume was published. In 1985, five years after completion of the volumes of the encyclopedia, an <a href="/wiki/Index_(publishing)" title="Index (publishing)">index</a> volume was printed, and in 1995 Addendum III came out, which updated data in Addendum II. With it also appeared two volumes containing extensive updates of entries dealing with the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">land of Israel</a>. </p><p>The many years needed for completion of the encyclopedia meant that its <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editors</a> were replaced over the years. The position was held by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Klausner" title="Joseph Klausner">Joseph Klausner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">Benzion Netanyahu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshayahu_Leibowitz" title="Yeshayahu Leibowitz">Yeshayahu Leibowitz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Leib_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leib-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nathan Rotenstreich, Yehoshua Gutman, and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Prawer" title="Joshua Prawer">Joshua Prawer</a>. The editorial supervisor throughout all the volumes was <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Peli" title="Alexander Peli">Alexander Peli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peli_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 2,500 writers participated in the writing of the encyclopedia, among them the leading Israeli scientists and fifteen Nobel laureates.<sup id="cite_ref-Peli_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the period of publication, a tremendous significance was associated with the encyclopedia. This was demonstrated by the fact there were people that felt a driving need to be included in the encyclopedia as a sort of stamp of approval of their importance and position. Bracha Peli, publisher of the encyclopedia, later told of an author who approached her one day and threatened to commit suicide if he was not included: "Even though his standing in the Hebrew literature was not of great importance, I did not take any chances and included him as an entry." At times, arguments arose over who would write a given article, arguments that stemmed from academic differences of opinion or from political or emotional factors. Such was the case with the articles on <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a><sup id="cite_ref-Peli_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peli-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. </p><p>The newer volumes of the encyclopedia that were written in the 1990s and edited by David Shacham were criticized for allegedly containing a <a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">post-Zionist</a> tone. </p><p>Within a year of the last volume being published the rights to the encyclopedia had been sold. <a href="/wiki/Schocken_Books" title="Schocken Books">Schocken Publishing House</a> are said to be working on a new, revised edition of the encyclopedia.<sup id="cite_ref-bracha_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bracha-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Hebraica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nature of the encyclopedia is reflected in its secondary title: "General, Jewish, and Israeli." The encyclopedia covers general topics, but a Jewish-Israeli emphasis is discernible, principally in articles dealing with <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>, and Israel, as well as in its treatment of such topics within articles on general topics. Thus the encyclopedia takes care to emphasize in every biographical article the Jewishness of the person, even when Judaism is of no significance in the person's life (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a>), as well as the person's impact on Jewish people. The longest biographical article (thirty-two columns) is on <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>, and the longest non-Jewish biographical article is on <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>. </p><p>Articles dealing with various countries and cities typically give an account of the place's general history, followed by a separate detailed account of its Jewish history where it has one; in particular, for places that were under Nazi rule a detailed account is given of the fate of its Jewish community during <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>. Similarly, in describing countries and cities with an existing Jewish community, the encyclopedia invariably provided a detailed account of the number of Jews, their professions and main places of habitation, the structure of the community etc. </p><p>Writers of the encyclopedia did not hide their Jewish-nationalistic political views. Thus the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Jordan">Kingdom of Jordan</a> did not warrant an entry since the encyclopedia did not recognize it. Details of this country are included within the article "Land of Israel," and it is stated in the beginning of the article that in the Hebrew language, the phrase includes the "land of Israel" on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>. In the second supplementary volume, the entry "Jordan" finally appears, reflecting the change of political attitudes in Israeli society in the passing decades. </p><p>The letter <a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Aleph</a> contains the largest number of articles, and six and a half volumes are accorded to it (more than 30% of the anticipated number of volumes). The last article is "<a href="/wiki/Ether" title="Ether">Ethers</a>" (אתרים). The longest article starting with aleph is "Land of Israel" (ארץ ישראל), to which an entire volume is dedicated: volume 6. Next in size is "<a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>" (ארצות הברית של אמריקה), which spans 126 columns. The collective size of the aleph articles does not stem from its relative weight in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a>, but rather reflects the initial enthusiasm with which the editors tried to include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sum_of_human_knowledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sum of human knowledge (page does not exist)">sum of human knowledge</a>. When it became clear that at that rate and depth production of the encyclopedia would never come to an end, it was decided to limit its extent (which, among other things, led to the existence in the first volumes of "see also"'s that in the end pointed to unwritten articles). The smallest letter in the encyclopedia is the letter <a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">Tsade</a> (צ), which spans 531 pages, less than one volume, and is contained in volume 28. </p><p>A famous non-political controversy involved the article on <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> (אפלטון) appearing in volume 5. Professor <a href="/wiki/Yeshayahu_Leibowitz" title="Yeshayahu Leibowitz">Yeshayahu Leibowitz</a>, one of the encyclopaedia's main editors, sharply disagreed with the interpretation given to Plato's ideas. This he expressed by adding in the forward pages of this volume, where he was listed as "Prof. Yeshayahu Leibowitz, editor in Philosophy", a footnote reading "until page 223" (the page where the Plato article appeared).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Hebraica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Biblical Figures Outside the Bible], Michael E. Stone, Theodore A. Bergren, 2003, accessed October 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ha-Entsiklopediyah ha-ʻivrit (האנציקלופדיה העברית) / <i>Encyclopaedia Hebraica</i>. (1949). Tel Aviv: Encyclopaedia Publishing Company</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bracha-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bracha_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bracha_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/peli-bracha">Bracha Peli</a>, Asher Weill, Jewish Women's Archive. accessed October 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peli-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peli_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peli_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peli_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peli_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peli_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUri_Dromi2007" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Uri Dromi (5 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/1.1415322"><bdi lang="he">מייסד האנציקלופדיה העברית</bdi></a> [Founder of the Hebrew Encyclopedia]. <i>Haaretz</i> (in Hebrew)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%93+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.au=Uri+Dromi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fmisc%2F1.1415322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncyclopaedia+Hebraica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leib-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leib_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoel_Greenberg1994" class="citation news cs1">Joel Greenberg (19 August 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/19/obituaries/yeshayahu-leibowitz-91-iconoclastic-israeli-thinker.html">"Yeshayahu Leibowitz, 91, Iconoclastic Israeli Thinker"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Yeshayahu+Leibowitz%2C+91%2C+Iconoclastic+Israeli+Thinker&rft.date=1994-08-19&rft.au=Joel+Greenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F08%2F19%2Fobituaries%2Fyeshayahu-leibowitz-91-iconoclastic-israeli-thinker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncyclopaedia+Hebraica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Hebraica&oldid=1254548499">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_Hebraica&oldid=1254548499</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hebrew-language_encyclopedias" title="Category:Hebrew-language encyclopedias">Hebrew-language encyclopedias</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Israel" title="Category:Culture of Israel">Culture of Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_encyclopedias" title="Category:20th-century encyclopedias">20th-century encyclopedias</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli_encyclopedias" title="Category:Israeli encyclopedias">Israeli encyclopedias</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Hebrew-language_script_(he)" title="Category:CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)">CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2023">Articles needing additional references from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 14:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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