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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kinana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="كنانة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كنانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="কিনানা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিনানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Kinana" title="Banu Kinana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Banu Kinana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C4%81na" title="Kināna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kināna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinana" title="Kinana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kinana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="کنانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Kinanah" title="Banu Kinanah – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Banu Kinanah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="बनू किनानाह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बनू किनानाह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Kinanah" title="Bani Kinanah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bani Kinanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Kinana" title="Banu Kinana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Banu Kinana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="كنانه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كنانه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Kinanah" title="Bani Kinanah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bani Kinanah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinanah" title="Kinanah – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kinanah" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinanah&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinanah">Kinanah</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Arab tribe based around Mecca, Arabia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Kināna<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بَنُو كِنَاَنَة</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid; border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/Mudar" title="Mudar">Mudari</a> Arab tribe</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kinana.svg/130px-Kinana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kinana.svg/195px-Kinana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kinana.svg/260px-Kinana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="803" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Banner of the Kinana at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">Battle of Siffin</a> (657)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">Nisba</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Al-Kinānī <br /> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الْكِنَانِيّ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Areas of <a href="/wiki/Tihama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihama">Tihama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> around <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> (5th century-present) <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Palestine</a> (7th–12th centuries) <br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a> and vicinity (12th–13th centuries)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descended from</th><td class="infobox-data">Kinana ibn Khuzayma ibn Mudrikah ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branches</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Nadr <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> (counted as separate tribe)</li></ul></li> <li>Malik</li> <li>Milkan</li> <li>Amir</li> <li>Amr</li> <li>Abd Manat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr_ibn_Abd_Manat" title="Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat">Bakr</a> <ul><li>Mudlij</li> <li>Layth</li> <li>Du'il</li> <li>Damra</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghifar" title="Banu Ghifar">Ghifar</a></li> <li>Harith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jadhimah" title="Banu Jadhimah">Jadhima</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kinana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كِنَاَنَة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kināna</i></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arab tribe</a> based around <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tihama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihama">Tihama</a> coastal area and the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> of Mecca, the tribe of the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, was an offshoot of the Kinana. A number of modern-day tribes throughout the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> trace their lineage to the tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-Brill_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional tribal territory of the Kinana extended from the part of the <a href="/wiki/Tihama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihama">Tihama</a> coastline near <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> northeastward to the borders of the territory of their tribal relatives, the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Asad" title="Banu Asad">Banu Asad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_branches">Origins and branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins and branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Arabia_600_AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Map_of_Arabia_600_AD.svg/400px-Map_of_Arabia_600_AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Map_of_Arabia_600_AD.svg/600px-Map_of_Arabia_600_AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Map_of_Arabia_600_AD.svg/800px-Map_of_Arabia_600_AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Approximate locations of some of the important tribes of the Arabian Peninsula at the dawn of Islam (circa 600 CE)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Arab genealogical tradition, the eponymous ancestor of the tribe was Kinana, a son of <a href="/wiki/Khuzaymah_(son_of_Mudrikah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzaymah (son of Mudrikah)">Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ishaq_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ishaq-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tribe traced its ancestry to <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ishmael</a>, who married a woman of the Yemenite <a href="/wiki/Jurhum" title="Jurhum">Jurhum</a> tribe and settled in the vicinity of Mecca according to Islamic tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Peters_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kinana were <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">polytheists</a>, with their worship centering on the goddess <a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">al-Uzza</a>. Islamic tradition holds that the Kinana and the other descendants of Ishmael gradually dispersed throughout northern Arabia, losing their <a href="/wiki/Hanif" title="Hanif">original faith</a> and falling into <a href="/wiki/Arabian_polytheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian polytheism">idolatry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peters_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were six principle branches of the tribe, namely the Nadr, Malik, Milkan, Amir, Amr and Abd Manat groups. The Nadr were the parent tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a>, the tribe of the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> which were counted independently of the Kinana. The Abd Manat included the particularly strong subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr_ibn_Abd_Manat" title="Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat">Bakr ibn Abd Manat</a>, whose main branches were the Mudlij, Du'il, Layth and Damra. The <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghifar" title="Banu Ghifar">Ghifar</a> subgroup belonged to the Damra or directly stemmed from Abd Manat. Another branch, the Harith ibn Abd Manat, formed the core of the Ahabish group, a collection of small, most likely unrelated, clans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancestor of the Quraysh, <a href="/wiki/Fihr_ibn_Malik" title="Fihr ibn Malik">Fihr ibn Malik ibn Nadr</a>, emerged as the leader of the Kinana at unknown date in their victory against a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Himyarites" class="mw-redirect" title="Himyarites">Himyarites</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a>. His descendant, <a href="/wiki/Qusayy_ibn_Kilab" title="Qusayy ibn Kilab">Qusayy ibn Kilab</a>, was backed by the Kinana in his capture of the sanctuary town of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>. Qusayy's position among the tribesmen was further bolstered by the support of the Kinani chief Ya'mar ibn Amr of the Layth group; the Bakr generally opposed Qusayy. The <a href="/wiki/Fijar_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijar War">Fijar War</a> was precipitated by the killing of a chief of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kilab" title="Banu Kilab">Banu Kilab</a> by the Kinani al-Barrad ibn Qays, who was a man of the Damra exiled by his tribe but given protection by the Du'il and maintaining a confederate relationship with the Qurayshite chief <a href="/wiki/Harb_ibn_Umayya" title="Harb ibn Umayya">Harb ibn Umayya</a>. The Kilab and their <a href="/wiki/Hawazin" title="Hawazin">Hawazin</a> tribal kin moved against the Quraysh in retaliation, and the Kinana, including the Bakr, came to the Quraysh's backing. The Bakr remained hostile toward the Quraysh, and tensions were elevated when a chief of the Bakr was killed in revenge for the Kinani killing of a Qurayshite youth; tribal customs did not give youths equal status as chiefs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Islamic_period">Early Islamic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Islamic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islamic historians did not note the actions of the Kinana as a united tribe in the time of Muhammad, though several of the tribe's offshoots, including the Quraysh, played pivotal roles in the formation and spread of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Brill_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quraysh initially opposed Muhammad and his monotheistic message, but due to previous tensions with the Bakr, were hesitant to move against him and his followers at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Badr</a> in 624 without guarantees of safety by the Kinana. The Mudlij group promised not to attack the Quraysh from the rear and they thus moved against Muhammad, who defeated them in that engagement. Later, an attack by the Bakr on Muhammad's allies, the Khuza'a, prompted Muhammad to launch his <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">conquest of Mecca</a> in 630. In this he received the backing of the Ghifar, Layth and Damra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Following the conquest of Mecca, there is scant information about the Kinana. An important tribesman of the Du'il, <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Aswad_al-Du%27ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali">Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali</a>, was counted as an ally of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kinana were one of the main components of the Arab tribal garrison of <a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Jund Filastin</a> (military district of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>) following its conquest by the Muslims in the 630s; the other main components were the <a href="/wiki/Judham" class="mw-redirect" title="Judham">Judham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakhm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhm">Lakhm</a>, Khuza'a, <a href="/wiki/Khath%27am" title="Khath'am">Khath'am</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azd" title="Azd">Azd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrone1980225,_note_210_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrone1980225,_note_210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 634–644</span>) appointed two men of the Kinana, <a href="/wiki/Alqama_ibn_Mujazziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Alqama ibn Mujazziz">Alqama ibn Mujazziz</a> and Alqama ibn Hakim as dual governors of Palestine, with the former based in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and the latter based likely in <a href="/wiki/Lydda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydda">Lydda</a>, around 638/639;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGil1997116_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGil1997116-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter remained governor until being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_ibn_Abi_Sufyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan">Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan</a> by Caliph <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 644–656</span>). The singing girl of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Yazid_II" title="Yazid II">Yazid II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 720–724</span>), <a href="/wiki/Hababah_(slave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hababah (slave)">Habbaba</a>, mentioned the Kinana's presence in Palestine in verse: </p><blockquote><p>A troop of the Kinana around me <br /> In Palestine, swiftly mounting their steeds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJayyusi201098–99_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJayyusi201098–99-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Kinana were recorded to have maintained a presence, though weakened, around Mecca in 844/45.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Islamic_period">Middle Islamic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Islamic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emirs</a> and fief-holders of the Kinana in southern <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> left for <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid Egypt">Fatimid Egypt</a> following the capture of the port town of Ascalon by the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> in 1153. The Fatimid vizier <a href="/wiki/Tala%27i_ibn_Ruzzik" title="Tala'i ibn Ruzzik">Ṭalāʾīʿ ibn Ruzzīk</a> resettled the tribesmen in <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a> and its environs, where they became known as the Kinaniyya. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubids">Ayyubids</a>, the Kinaniyya were fiscally counted as second-tier troops, paid half of the rate of <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmen</a> soldiers, but significantly more than other Arab auxiliaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb192376_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb192376-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kinani tribesmen fought with <a href="/wiki/Qadi_al-Fadil" title="Qadi al-Fadil">Qadi al-Fadil</a>, a commander of the Ayyubid sultan <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, against the Crusaders at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard" title="Battle of Montgisard">Battle of Montgisard</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>, where Saladin's forces were routed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb192386,_note_25_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb192386,_note_25-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were likely utilized due to their familiarity with the area around Ramla in southern Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb192386,_note_25_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb192386,_note_25-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1249 the naval forces of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a>, about 700 ships' strong, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1249)" title="Siege of Damietta (1249)">landed in Damietta</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh Crusade</a>. The city's Kinani garrison, known by then for their bravery, fled at the sight of the Crusaders' arrival along with the Egyptian garrison led by Fakhr al-Din.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013238_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013238-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ayyubid sultan <a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">as-Salih Ayyub</a> consequently executed the commanders of the Kinani deserters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman1951221_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman1951221-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013232–233_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013232–233-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatt1986116_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatt1986">Watt 1986</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brill-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brill_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brill_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoutsma1993" class="citation book cs1">Houtsma, M. Th., ed. (1993). "Kinana". <i>E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936</i>. Vol. 4. Brill. pp. 1017–1018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004097902" title="Special:BookSources/9789004097902"><bdi>9789004097902</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kinana&rft.btitle=E.+J.+Brill%27s+First+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+1913%E2%80%931936&rft.pages=1017-1018&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9789004097902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ishaq-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ishaq_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Ishaq1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume/The_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume#page/n23/mode/2up"><i>The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Isḥāq's sīrat</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Guillaume" title="Alfred Guillaume">Alfred Guillaume</a>. London: Oxford university press. pp. 3, 38–41, 52–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195778286" title="Special:BookSources/0195778286"><bdi>0195778286</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Muhammad%3A+A+Translation+of+Ibn+Is%E1%B8%A5%C4%81q%27s+s%C4%ABrat&rft.place=London&rft.pages=3%2C+38-41%2C+52-53&rft.pub=Oxford+university+press&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=0195778286&rft.au=Ibn+Ishaq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FTheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume%2FThe_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume%23page%2Fn23%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peters_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peters_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Francis E. <i>Muhammad and the Origins of Islam</i>. pp. 5–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Origins+of+Islam&rft.pages=5-15&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrone1980225,_note_210-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrone1980225,_note_210_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrone1980">Crone 1980</a>, p. 225, note 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGil1997116-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGil1997116_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGil1997">Gil 1997</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJayyusi201098–99-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJayyusi201098–99_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJayyusi2010">Jayyusi 2010</a>, pp. 98–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb192376-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb192376_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibb1923">Gibb 1923</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb192386,_note_25-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb192386,_note_25_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb192386,_note_25_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibb1923">Gibb 1923</a>, p. 86, note 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013238-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013238_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLane-Poole2013">Lane-Poole 2013</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman1951221-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman1951221_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1951">Runciman 1951</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013232–233-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELane-Poole2013232–233_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLane-Poole2013">Lane-Poole 2013</a>, pp. 232–233.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrone1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Crone" title="Patricia Crone">Crone, Patricia</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fOu7XGjKmkAC"><i>Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52940-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52940-9"><bdi>0-521-52940-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slaves+on+Horses%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Islamic+Polity&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-521-52940-9&rft.aulast=Crone&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfOu7XGjKmkAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGil1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Gil" title="Moshe Gil">Gil, Moshe</a> (1997) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC"><i>A History of Palestine, 634–1099</i></a>. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-59984-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-59984-9"><bdi>0-521-59984-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Palestine%2C+634%E2%80%931099&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-59984-9&rft.aulast=Gil&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM0wUKoMJeccC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibb1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">Gibb, H. A. R.</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabconquestsinc00gibbuoft"><i>The Arab Conquests in Central Asia</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland">The Royal Asiatic Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/499987512">499987512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Conquests+in+Central+Asia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1923&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F499987512&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=H.+A.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabconquestsinc00gibbuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayyusi2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Salma_Khadra_Jayyusi" title="Salma Khadra Jayyusi">Jayyusi, Salma Khadra</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4VU4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99"><i>Classical Arabic Stories: An Anthology</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14922-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14922-8"><bdi>978-0-231-14922-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Arabic+Stories%3A+An+Anthology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-231-14922-8&rft.aulast=Jayyusi&rft.aufirst=Salma+Khadra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4VU4AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane-Poole2013" class="citation book cs1">Lane-Poole, Stanley (16 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yY1TAQAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Egypt: In the Middle Ages</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-53734-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-53734-1"><bdi>978-1-134-53734-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Egypt%3A+In+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-16&rft.isbn=978-1-134-53734-1&rft.aulast=Lane-Poole&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyY1TAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a> (1951). <i>The History of the Crusades Volume I: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Crusades+Volume+I%3A+The+First+Crusade+and+the+Foundation+of+the+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="William Montgomery Watt">Watt, W. Montgomery</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Kin%C4%81na&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Kināna"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume V:<i> Khe–Mahi</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07819-2"><bdi>978-90-04-07819-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kin%C4%81na&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+V%3A+Khe%E2%80%93Mahi&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07819-2&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=W.+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DKin%25C4%2581na%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKinana" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Template:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Template talk:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_Arab_tribes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical <a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arab tribes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_%27Akk" title="Banu 'Akk">Akk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amila" title="Banu Amila">Amila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amr" title="Banu Amr">Banu Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anmar" title="Anmar">Anmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Asad" title="Banu Asad">Banu Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ash%27ar" title="Banu Ash'ar">Ash'ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aslam" title="Banu Aslam">Aslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azd" title="Azd">Azd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariq" title="Bariq">Bariq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Daws" title="Banu Daws">Daws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghamd" title="Ghamd">Ghamd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahran_tribe" title="Zahran tribe">Zahran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajila" title="Bajila">Bajila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hamdan" title="Banu Hamdan">Hamdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haram_(tribe)" title="Al-Haram (tribe)">Al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hudhayl" title="Banu Hudhayl">Hudhayl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Judham" title="Banu Judham">Judham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ju%27fa" title="Banu Ju'fa">Ju'fa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurhum" title="Jurhum">Jurhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kanz" title="Banu Kanz">Banu Kanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlan" title="Kahlan">Kahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khath%27am" title="Khath'am">Khath'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Khuza%27ah" title="Banu Khuza'ah">Khuza'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Mustaliq" title="Banu Mustaliq">Mustaliq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr_ibn_Abd_Manat" title="Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat">Bakr ibn Abd Manat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Damrah" title="Banu Damrah">Damrah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghifar" title="Banu Ghifar">Ghifar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jadhimah" title="Banu Jadhimah">Jadhima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd-Shams" title="Banu Abd-Shams">Abd-Shams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Umayya" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Umayya">Umayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Adi" title="Banu Adi">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Hashim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jumah" title="Banu Jumah">Jumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sahm" title="Banu Sahm">Sahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Taym" title="Banu Taym">Taym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhrah" title="Banu Zuhrah">Zuhra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinda_(tribe)" title="Kinda (tribe)">Kinda</a></li> <li>Khuthir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Lahyan" title="Banu Lahyan">Lihyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Lakhm" title="Banu Lakhm">Lakhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhaj" title="Madhhaj">Madhhaj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Hakam" title="Banu al-Hakam">Banu al-Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ansi" title="Al-Ansi">Ans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Awd" title="Banu Awd">Awd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukha_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukha (tribe)">Nukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubaid" title="Zubaid">Zubaid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqil" title="Maqil">Maqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Muzaina" title="Banu Muzaina">Muzayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi%60ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi`ah">Rabi'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qays" title="Abd al-Qays">Abd al-Qays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anizah" title="Anizah">Anizah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr" title="Banu Bakr">Bakr ibn Wa'il</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Dhuhl" title="Banu Dhuhl">Banu Dhuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hanifa" title="Banu Hanifa">Hanifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ijl" title="Banu Ijl">Ijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Shayban" title="Banu Shayban">Shayban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taym_Allah" title="Taym Allah">Taym Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Yashkur" title="Banu Yashkur">Banu Yashkur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghlib" title="Taghlib">Taghlib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qays" title="Qays">Qays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghatafan" title="Ghatafan">Ghatafan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Dhubyan" title="Banu Dhubyan">Dhubyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Fazara" title="Banu Fazara">Fazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Murra" title="Banu Murra">Murra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Talabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Talabah">Tha'laba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abs" title="Banu Abs">Abs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawazin" title="Hawazin">Hawazin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27d" title="Banu Sa'd">Sa'd ibn Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Thaqif" title="Banu Thaqif">Thaqif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amir" title="Banu Amir">Amir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hilal" title="Banu Hilal">Hilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ka%27b" title="Banu Ka'b">Ka'b</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Uqayl" title="Banu Uqayl">Uqayl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafaja" title="Khafaja">Khafaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kilab" title="Banu Kilab">Kilab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qushayr" title="Banu Qushayr">Qushayr</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sulaym" title="Banu Sulaym">Sulaym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghani" title="Banu Ghani">Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahila" title="Bahila">Bahila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Muharib" title="Banu Muharib">Muharib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qedarites" title="Qedarites">Qedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quda%27a" title="Quda'a">Quda'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahra%27" title="Bahra'">Bahra'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_(tribe)" title="Bali (tribe)">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Qayn" title="Banu al-Qayn">Balqayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarm" title="Jarm">Jarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhaynah" title="Juhaynah">Juhaynah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kalb" title="Banu Kalb">Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salihids" title="Salihids">Salih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Samayda" title="Banu al-Samayda">al-Samayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27ida" title="Banu Sa'ida">Sa'ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Shehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Shehr">Shehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Shuja" title="Banu Shuja">Shuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Tamim" title="Banu Tamim">Tamim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hanzala" title="Banu Hanzala">Hanzala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27d_ibn_Zayd_Manat" title="Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat">Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanukhids" title="Tanukhids">Tanukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayy" title="Tayy">Tayy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman_(tribal_group)" title="Yaman (tribal group)">Yaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_tribes" title="Template:Arab tribes">Arab tribes</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linear_genealogy_of_Muhammad_from_the_first_couple,_according_to_various_sources" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adam_to_Muhammad" title="Template:Adam to Muhammad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adam_to_Muhammad" title="Template talk:Adam to Muhammad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adam_to_Muhammad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adam to Muhammad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Linear_genealogy_of_Muhammad_from_the_first_couple,_according_to_various_sources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Linear <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad" title="Family tree of Muhammad">genealogy of Muhammad</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">first couple</a>, according to various sources</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations</a> after <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Creation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eve#Islam" title="Eve">Hawwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth#Islam" title="Seth">Sheyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenan" title="Kenan">Kenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalalel" title="Mahalalel">Mahalalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_(biblical_figure)" title="Jared (biblical figure)">Jared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methuselah" title="Methuselah">Methuselah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Lamik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Sam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Adnanites" title="Adnanites">Adnanites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adnan" title="Adnan">Adnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ad_ibn_Adnan" title="Ma'ad ibn Adnan">Ma'ad ibn Adnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_Ma%27ad" title="Nizar ibn Ma'ad">Nizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudar_ibn_Nizar" title="Mudar ibn Nizar">Mudar</a></li> <li>Ilyas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudrikah_ibn_Ilyas" title="Mudrikah ibn Ilyas">Mudrikah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzayma" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzayma">Khuzayma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinanah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinanah">Kinanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nadr_ibn_Kinanah" title="Al-Nadr ibn Kinanah">Al-Nadr ibn Kinanah</a></li> <li>Malik</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fihr_ibn_Malik" title="Fihr ibn Malik">Fihr al-Quraysh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quraysh_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraysh tribe">Quraysh tribe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghalib_ibn_Fihr" title="Ghalib ibn Fihr">Ghalib</a></li> <li>Lu'ay</li> <li>Ka'b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrah_ibn_Ka%27b" title="Murrah ibn Ka'b">Murrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilab_ibn_Murrah" title="Kilab ibn Murrah">Kilab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qusai_ibn_Kilab" class="mw-redirect" title="Qusai ibn Kilab">Qusai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Manaf_ibn_Qusai" title="Abd Manaf ibn Qusai">Abd Manaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf" title="Hashim ibn Abd Manaf">Hashim ibn Abd Manaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The House of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Hashim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abd al-Muttalib">Abd al-Muttalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abd-Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinana&oldid=1257086301">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kinana&oldid=1257086301</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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