CINXE.COM
Law Society of Ireland
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-IE"> <head id="Head1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <title>Law Society of Ireland</title> <meta charset="UTF-8" content="" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no" /> <link id="linkCanonical" rel="canonical" /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT Serif' rel='stylesheet'> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='/css/css.css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='/css/NewMainCss.css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='/css/respond.css' media='screen' /> <link rel="stylesheet" type='text/css' href='/css/print.css' media='print' /> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='/css/growl.min.css' /> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='/css/minimal.css' /> <!-- Google Fonts and Icon --> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400|Open+Sans:400,600,700|Raleway:300,500' /> <link href="https://fonts.cdnfonts.com/css/manrope" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type='text/css' href="/css/jquery.mmenu.all.css" /> <!-- Fancybox v2.1.5 CSS --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.css" media="screen" /> <style> /* CSS specific to edit mode, such as help content displayed to the editor */ h2 { EditMenuName: Header 2; } h3 { EditMenuName: Header 3; } /*Block Preview*/ .alert-info { border-color: #B8C0C5; color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 1em; font-style: italic; background-color: #B8C0C5; shadow: 5px #000; box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px #CCC; background-image: url(//www.lawsociety.ie/EPiServer/Shell/1.0.371/ClientResources/epi/themes/sleek/epi/images/intermediatebgPattern.png); text-align: center; } block placeholder: .border { background-color: #f2f2f2; } .header.dim { margin: 2% 0; opacity: 0.3; } /*.modal { display: none; position: fixed; z-index: 1; padding-top: 100px; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: auto; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); }*/ .modal-content { background-color: #fefefe; margin: auto; padding: 20px; } </style> <!--CSS For Commerce Build --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/commerce-css.css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/skins/square/blue.css" media="screen" /> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/selectivizr.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-1.12.1-ui.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/modernizr.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/selectivizr.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.iosslider.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.validation.net.webforms.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.gritter.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jQuery.hoverIntent.js"></script> <!-- Fancybox v2.1.5 JS --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script> <!-- Slick v1.8 JS --> <script src="/js/slick.js"></script> <!--Bootstrap v4.0.0 css --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/bootstrap/css/ebiz-bootstrap-for-episerver.css"> <!--Popper js --> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <!--Ebiz6 css/ Responsive css --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/bootstrap/css/eb6-episerver.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ui/css/responsive.css"> <script src="/UI/js/3rdParty/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <!-- Bootstrap v4.0.0 JS - Important: DO not move this file to another position on the page --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/bootstrap/js/bootstrapv4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var eBusinessJQObject = $.noConflict(true); </script> <script src="/js/js.cookie.js"></script> <script src="/UI/js/3rdParty/knockout-3.4.2.js"></script> <script src="/UI/js/3rdParty/knockout.validation.min.js"></script> <script src="/UI/js/configuration/ebConfig.js"></script> <script src="/UI/js/Login__lsi.js"></script> <script src="/UI/js/UserContext.js"></script> <script src="/UI/js/HeaderMenu.js"></script> <script src="/js/Functions/UtilityNavigationControl.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (navigator.userAgent.match(/iPad/i) != null) { viewport = document.querySelector("meta[name=viewport]"); viewport.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=2.0'); } //ipad and iphone fix if ((navigator.userAgent.match(/iPhone/i)) || (navigator.userAgent.match(/iPod/i)) || (navigator.userAgent.match(/iPad/i))) { $(".main-nav a").click(function () { //we just need to attach a click event listener to provoke iPhone/iPod/iPad's hover event }); } </script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="2i4U6MPCuM0e3Wyw96dSnJOcvkudUXDgkGgRfQr7HMo" /> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="DEADB7C63A6ACA6B1637846017CFB5B5" /> <link href="/UI/css/style__lsi.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/UI/css/CheckSolicitor.css" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body id="masterPageBody"> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-VPC9VCV27X"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-VPC9VCV27X'); </script> <div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/CookieModal.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //Check if cookie exists $(document).ready(function () { var lawsocCookie = getCookie("LSI"); var PrivacyVal = $('#privacyVal').val; if (lawsocCookie != "") { //Exists if (PrivacyVal == "true") { document.cookie = "LSI" + '=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; CreatePrivacyCookie(); } } else { document.cookie = "LSI" + '=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; } }); </script> <script> $(document).ready(function () { var coll = document.getElementsByClassName("cookiecollapsible"); var i; for (i = 0; i < coll.length; i++) { coll[i].addEventListener("click", function () { this.classList.toggle("active"); var content = this.nextElementSibling; if (content.style.maxHeight) { content.style.maxHeight = null; $(this).children('.fa').toggleClass('fa-chevron-up fa-chevron-down'); } else { content.style.maxHeight = content.scrollHeight + "px"; $(this).children('.fa').toggleClass('fa-chevron-down fa-chevron-up'); } }); } }); </script> <div id="myModal" class="cookiemodal" style="Display:block;"> <div class="content-top"> <div class="cookiemodal-body"> <div class="cookieWidth"> <p>We use cookies to collect and analyse information on site performance and usage to improve and customise your experience, where applicable. View our <a href="/link/7e3d8b06353646439466df5af58dbdf5.aspx">Cookies Policy</a>. Click <strong>Accept and continue </strong>to use our website or <strong>Manage </strong>to review and update your preferences.</p> <br /> </div> <div class="btn-div-wrap"> <input type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="AcceptCookies()" value="Accept & continue" /> <input type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" onclick="PreferenceModal()" value="Manage" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" id="privacyVal" /> <div id="myModal2" class="cookiemodal" style="display: none;"> <div class="content-bottom"> <div class="header-cookie"> <h1>Your cookie preferences</h1> </div> <div class="cookiemodal-body-modal2"> <div class="spacingBottom"> <div class="header-switch"> <h3>Strictly necessary cookies</h3> <label class="cookie-switch" style="display: none;"> <input type="checkbox" checked disabled> <span class="slider-btn slider-btn-bg"></span> </label> </div> <div class="cookie-text"> <p>The following cookies are necessary to allow you to access the website including login, move between pages and to receive services which you have requested. They include cookies to store analytics and track user interactions so we can personalise content to best suit your interests and needs.</p> </div> <div class="cookiecollapsible"> <a class="">View necessary cookies</a> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </div> <div class="cookiecontent"> <table class="cookietable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Cookie name</th> <th>Duration</th> <th>Cookie purpose</th> </tr> <tr> <td>ASP.NET_SessionId</td> <td>Session</td> <td>This cookie holds the current session id (OPPassessment only)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>.ASPXANONYMOUS</td> <td>2 Months</td> <td>Authentication to the site</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LSI</td> <td>1 Year</td> <td>To remember cookie preference for Law Society websites (www.lawsociety.ie, www.legalvacancies.ie, www.gazette.ie)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FTGServer</td> <td>1 Hour</td> <td>Website content ( /CSS , /JS, /img )</td> </tr> <tr> <td>_ga</td> <td> 2 Years</td> <td>Google Analytics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>_gat</td> <td>Session</td> <td>Google Analytics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>_git</td> <td>1 Day</td> <td>Google Analytics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AptifyCSRFCookie</td> <td>Session</td> <td>Aptify CSRF Cookie</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CSRFDefenseInDepthToken</td> <td>Session</td> <td>Aptify defence cookie</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EB5Cookie</td> <td>Session</td> <td>Aptify eb5 login cookie</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <hr /> </div> <div class="spacingBottom"> <div class="header-switch"> <h3>Functional cookies</h3> <label class="cookie-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="FunctionalCookieInput"> <span class="slider-btn"></span> </label> </div> <div class="cookie-text"> <p>These cookies allow the Website to remember choices you make and provide enhanced and more personal features, such as twitter feed and online chat.</p> </div> <div class="cookiecollapsible"> <a class="">View functional cookies</a> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </div> <div class="cookiecontent"> <table class="cookietable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Cookie name</th> <th>Duration</th> <th>Cookie purpose</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Zendesk</td> <td>Local Storage</td> <td>Online Support</td> </tr> <tr> <td>platform.twitter.com</td> <td>Local Storage</td> <td>Integrated Twitter feed</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <hr /> </div> <div class="spacingBottom"> <div class="header-switch"> <h3>Performance cookies</h3> <label class="cookie-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="PerformanceCookieInput"> <span class="slider-btn"></span> </label> </div> <div class="cookie-text"> <p><span>Performance cookies monitor site performance and user actions. These cookies do not collect identifiable information.</span></p> </div> <div class="cookiecollapsible"> <a class="">View performance cookies</a> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </div> <div class="cookiecontent"> <table class="cookietable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Cookie name</th> <th>Duration</th> <th>Cookie purpose</th> </tr> <tr> <td>is_returning</td> <td>Session</td> <td>Improve website performance</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <hr /> </div> <div class="spacingBottom"> <div class="header-switch"> <h3>Marketing cookies</h3> <label class="cookie-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="MarketingCookieInput"> <span class="slider-btn"></span> </label> </div> <div class="cookie-text"> <p>From time to time, we may use cookies to display advertisements that we believe are relevant to you or work with advertisers to display our own adverts on third party websites, based on cookies set on your visit to the Website. These may include Facebook Advertising, Facebook Pixel Re-Marketing, and communications, and Google Advertising.</p> </div> <div class="cookiecollapsible"> <a class="">View marketing cookies</a> <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i> </div> <div class="cookiecontent"> <table class="cookietable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Cookie name</th> <th>Duration</th> <th>Cookie purpose</th> </tr> <tr> <td>fr</td> <td>3 Months</td> <td>Facebook Advertising - Used for Facebook Marketing</td> </tr> <tr> <td>_fbp</td> <td>3 months</td> <td>Used for facebook Marketing</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <hr /> </div> <div class="spacingBottom"> <div class="btn-div"> <input type="button" id="btncloseCookiePreferences" class="btn btn-secondary" onclick="ClosePreferences();" value="CANCEL" /> <input type="button" id="btnSubmitCookiePreferences " class="btn btn-primary" onclick="UpdatePreferences();" value="SAVE PREFERENCES" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cookieModal-overlay" class="cookieModal-overlay"></div> <div class="container"> <style> .noChrome-banner { background: #fed202; z-index: 101; padding: 10px; position: relative; } .noChrome-banner h1 { text-align: center; font-size: 15px; color: black; } </style> <noscript> <style> #noscript-warning a{ color: white; } </style> <div id="noscript-warning" class="staff-banner"> <h2>To use all the functions of this website, you will need to <a href="https://www.enable-javascript.com/">enable Javascript</a> in your browser. </h2> </div> </noscript> <div class="header clearfix"> <div class="mobilemenu-overlay hidden" onclick="displayMobileOverlay()"></div> <header class="topnav-header-base"> <div class="menu-topitems"> <ul class="menu--top__mobile"> <li class="search"><a href="/search"><i class="material-icons">search</i>Search</a></li> <li class="menutop--login"> <a ID="LoginMobileButton" href="/login/" class="login">LOG IN</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu-top"> <li> <a href="/Solicitors/business-career-resources/courts-service-information/remote-hearings/" target=""> Remote Hearings </a> </li> <li> <a href="/legalvacancies/" target="" title="Legal Vacancies"> Legal Vacancies </a> </li> <li> <a href="/link/c5b43e2bea31449d9a4742c9041d4389.aspx" target="" title="Law Directory"> Law Directory </a> </li> <li> <a href="/gazette/" target="" title="Gazette"> Gazette </a> </li> <li class="menutop--login"> <a id="LoginButton" href="/login/" class="btn-alt">LOG IN</a> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="topnav-overlay"></div> <div class="base"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/" title=""> <img class="desktop-logo" src="/UI/images/LOGO_INDIGO.svg" alt="" /> <img class="mobile-logo" src="/UI/images/LOGO_INDIGO.svg" alt="" /> </a> </div> <div class="mob-menu-btn"> <a class="mob-hamburger" onclick="displayMobileOverlay()" href="#mob-navigation"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></a> </div> <form id="siteSearchForm" action="/Search/RedirectSearch" method="post"> <div class="search-box"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input name="filters" type="text" placeholder="Enter keyword..." id="txtSearchKeywords" class="search-field" autocomplete="off" BackColor="#e4e4e4" /> <a id="btnSearch" class="btnsearchicon" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="performSearch()"> <i class="material-icons">search</i> </a> </div> </div> </form> <script> function performSearch() { var searchInput = $('#txtSearchKeywords').val().trim(); if (searchInput === "") { return false; // Prevent form submission } $('#siteSearchForm').submit(); } </script> </div> <script src="/UI/js/MainNav__LSI.js"></script> <nav class="main-nav" id="mmenu"> <div class="base"> <div class="sticky-search"> <div id="mob-search-textboxsearch" class="hidden"> <input type="text" placeholder="Enter keyword" id="txtMobileStickySearch" autocomplete="off" class="inputText" /> <button id="lbnMobileStickySearchButton" class="btnsearch" onclick="redirectToSearchPage(); return false;"> </button> </div> </div> <ul class="clearfix"> <li class="mob-closemenu"> <input type="button" class="closemenu" onclick="closeMobileMenu();" /> </li> <li class="sticky-search"> <div id="mob-search-opensearch"> <button id="lbnMobileOpenSearchButton" class="btnsearch" onclick="openSearchTextBox(); return false;"> </button> </div> </li> <li class="mob-search"> <input type="text" placeholder="Enter keyword" id="txtMobileSearchKeywords" autocomplete="off" class="inputText" /> <button id="lbnMobileSearchButton" class="btnsearch" onclick="redirectToSearchPage()"> </button> </li> <li id="menu-home-link" class="single-menu item-home" style="display: block;"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="public"> <a href=/Solicitors/>For Solicitors</a> <ul class="single"> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/>Knowledge Base <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/Solicitors/regulation/>Regulation Answers <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/Solicitors/business-career-resources/>Business & Career Resources <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/Solicitors/Representation/>Representation <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="trainees"> <a href=/education--cpd/>Education & CPD</a> <ul class="single"> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/education--cpd/Courses/>Courses <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/education--cpd/Trainees/>Trainees <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/education--cpd/Become-a-Solicitor/>Becoming a Solicitor <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="solicitors"> <a href=/Public/>For the Public</a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/find-a-solicitor/Solicitor-Firm-Search/>Find a Solicitor</a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/member-services/>Solicitor Services</a> <ul class="single"> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/member-services/information-services/>Information Services <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/member-services/practice-support/>Practice Support <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/member-services/professional-personal-support/>Career Support <span class="material-icons-outlined">chevron_right</span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="single-menu"> <a href=/news/>News & Events</a> </li> <li class="mob-gazette"> <a href="/gazette" ClientIDMode="Static" ID="mobGazette" class="mob-menu-gazette">Gazette</a> </li> <li class="mob-legalvacancies"> <a href="/legalvacancies" ClientIDMode="Static" ID="mobLegalVacancies" class="mob-menu-legalvacancies">Legal Vacancies</a> </li> <li class="mob-lawdirectory"> <a href="/lawdirectory" ClientIDMode="Static" ID="mobLawDirectory" class="mob-menu-lawdirectory">Law Directory</a> </li> <li class="mob-myprofile"> <a href="/Dashboard/view-dashboard/" id="HyperLink1" class="mob-menu-myprofile">My Dashboard</a> </li> <li class="mob-login"> <a id="btnMobMenuLogin" class="btn btn-alt" href="/Dashboard/dashboard/editprofile">LOG IN</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <script src="/UI/js/NavHover.js"></script> </div> <div class="home-bg"></div> <div class="breadcrumb--container"> <div class="base"> <div> <ul class="crumbs"> <li class="crumb"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="crumb"> <a href="/link/8b331a8bc99b4e33913c0543d4e55351.aspx" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Breadcrumbs', 'Title', 'For Solicitors');" title='For Solicitors'>For Solicitors</a> </li> <li class="crumb"> <a href="/link/f06d104304504c889d7ca5bcf68a1161.aspx" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Breadcrumbs', 'Title', 'Knowledge Base');" title='Knowledge Base'>Knowledge Base</a> </li> <li class="crumb"> <a href="/link/a9e787756b9c418896591909ed0e2a69.aspx" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Breadcrumbs', 'Title', 'Practice Areas');" title='Practice Areas'>Practice Areas</a> </li> <li class="crumb"> <span>In-House & Public Sector</span> </li> </ul> </div> <script src="/UI/js/breadcrumb__lsi.js"></script> <script async src='https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js'></script> </div> </div> <div class="base clearfix tiny-sort"> <div class="col3"> <div class="leftmenu--container"> <ul> <li> <a class="more-down selected" href=/Solicitors/>For Solicitors</a> <ul> <li> <a class="more-down selected" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/>Knowledge Base</a> <ul> <li> <a class="more-down selected" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/>Practice Areas</a> <ul> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/alternative-dispute-resolution/>Alternative Dispute Resolution</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/Business-Law/>Business Law</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/Conveyancing/>Conveyancing</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/criminal-law/>Criminal Law</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/employment--equality-law/>Employment & Equality Law</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/environmental--planning-law/>Environmental & Planning Law</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/eu--international-affairs/>EU & International Affairs</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/family--child-law/>Family & Child Law</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/Human-Rights/>Human Rights & Equality</a> </li> <li> <a class="more-down selected" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/>In-House & Public Sector</a> <ul> <li> <a class="" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/in-house--public-sector-news/>In-house & Public Sector News</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/in-house-and-public-sector-guide/>A Guide for In-house Solicitors Employed in the Corporate and Public Sectors</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/intellectual-property--data-protection-law/>Intellectual Property & Data Protection Law</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/probate-administration--trusts/>Probate, Administration & Trusts</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/Litigation/>Litigation</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/Taxation/>Taxation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/>Practice Notes</a> </li> <li> <a class="" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Buy-Publications/>Publications</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Library/>Library</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/regulation/>Regulation Answers</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/business-career-resources/>Business & Career Resources</a> </li> <li> <a class="more" href=/Solicitors/Representation/>Representation</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <script src="/UI/js/LeftMenu__LSI.js"></script> </div> <div class="col9 tiny-sort__content"> <div class="main-content"> <h1 class="body">In-House & Public Sector</h1> <p class="first">Access guidance, updates and other resources on in-house and public sector practice.</p> <div></div> <h2></h2> </div> <div class="related-content"> <div><div> <div class="block linklistblock span12"> <div class="tlist "> <div class="tlist-links "> <div class="listheader"> <h3> Top resources </h3> <!--<ul class="main-list border" style="<%= GetBottomBorderStyle() %>">--> <p> The most popular resources offered by the Law Society for in-house and public sector practice are listed below. </p> </div> <div class="listimg-mob"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/blackhall-front_768x768.jpg" /> </div> <div class="mainlist"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8580422/" target="_blank"> In-House Solicitors LinkedIN Group </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/in-house-and-public-sector-guide/"> Guide for In-house Solicitors </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="https://lawsociety.libguides.com/inhouse-lawyers"> Law Society Subject Guide for In-House Lawyers </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/in-house--public-sector-news/"> In-House & Public Sector News </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="/globalassets/documents/committees/in-house-and-public-sector/Inhouse-regulatoryguide.pdf" target="_blank"> Regulatory Guide for In-house Solicitors </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listbtn hidden"><a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/" class="btn btn-secondary">View more Top resources</a></div> </div> <div class="listimg"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/blackhall-front_768x768.jpg" /> </div> </div> </div> </div><div> <div class="full block pagelistimageblock span12"> <div class="newsblock "> <div class="data"> <div> <h3>Practice Notes</h3> </div> <div class="mainlist"> <div class="contain"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="img-contain"> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/legal-professional-privilege-and-in-house-counsel/"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/blackhall-groundfloor-corridor.jpg" alt="Legal Professional Privilege and In-House Counsel" /> </a> </div> <div> <span style=' '>03/07/2020</span> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/legal-professional-privilege-and-in-house-counsel/"> <h4>Legal Professional Privilege and In-House Counsel</h4> </a> </div> </div> <div class="showdate"> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">euro</i></span> </div> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">location_on</i></span> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>This practice note is the second in a series of two on Legal Professional Privilege (“LPP”).</p> </div> </div> <div class="contain"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="img-contain"> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/legal-professional-privilege/"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/blackhall-front.jpg" alt="Legal Professional Privilege" /> </a> </div> <div> <span style=' '>03/07/2020</span> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/legal-professional-privilege/"> <h4>Legal Professional Privilege</h4> </a> </div> </div> <div class="showdate"> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">euro</i></span> </div> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">location_on</i></span> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>The Guidance and Ethics Committee and the In-House and Public Sector Committee of the Law Society of Ireland are pleased to present the&hellip;</p> </div> </div> <div class="contain"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="img-contain"> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/Communication-with-the-client-of-another-solicitor-/"> <img src="/img/thumb-news.jpg" alt="Communication with the client of another solicitor: an in-house or public sector solicitor " /> </a> </div> <div> <span style=' '>23/04/2012</span> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/Communication-with-the-client-of-another-solicitor-/"> <h4>Communication with the client of another solicitor: an in-house or public sector solicitor </h4> </a> </div> </div> <div class="showdate"> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">euro</i></span> </div> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">location_on</i></span> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>A solicitor should neither interview nor otherwise communicate with the client of another solicitor except with that solicitor’s consent...</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="viewmore " style=" "> <a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/Practice-Notes/">VIEW ALL PRACTICE NOTES</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div> <div class=" block dividerfor2columns span12"> <section class="divider"> </section> </div></div><div> <div class=" block goldhorizontalruleblock span12"> <section class="gold-horizontal-rule"> <hr class="base block-gold-hr" /> </section> </div></div><div> <div class=" block showcaseblock span12"> <div class="tlist reverse"> <section class="showcase--fullwidth "> <div class="base"> <div class="showcase--center"> <div class="showcase--col1"> <p class="hidden">In-House & Public Sector Committee</p> <h3 class="">In-house & Public Sector Committee</h3> <p>The In-House and Public Sector Committee was formed by the Society in recognition of the different perspective of in-house solicitors operating in a diversity of roles, while still bound by the same professional and ethical standards that apply to solicitors in private practice.</p> <div class=""> <a href="/link/84982f68d214498c9cf8e9ea13adcc74.aspx" target="_blank" class="textlink">Learn more about the Committee<i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i></a> </div> </div> <div class="showcase--col2"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/icons/in-house--public-sector.png"/> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div><div> <div class="block linklistblock span12"> <div class="tlist "> <div class="tlist-links "> <div class="listheader"> <h3> A Guide for In-house Solicitors Employed in the Corporate and Public Sectors </h3> <!--<ul class="main-list border" style="<%= GetBottomBorderStyle() %>">--> <p> View A Guide for In-house Solicitors Employed in the Corporate and Public Sectors </p> </div> <div class="listimg-mob"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/ihg-teaser.jpg" /> </div> <div class="mainlist"> <ul> <li> <a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/in-house-and-public-sector-guide/" title="Digital version"> Digital version </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="/globalassets/documents/committees/in-house-and-public-sector/2023/guide-for-in-house-solicitors-2023.pdf" target="_blank" title="Download PDF"> Download PDF </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listbtn hidden"><a href="/Solicitors/knowledge-base/practice-areas/in-house/in-house-and-public-sector-guide/" class="btn btn-secondary">View more A Guide for In-house Solicitors Employed in the Corporate and Public Sectors</a></div> </div> <div class="listimg"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/ihg-teaser.jpg" /> </div> </div> </div> </div><div> <div class=" block dividerfor2columns span12"> <section class="divider"> </section> </div></div><div> <div class=" block linktableblock span12"> <section class="LinkTable--block"> <div class="base"> <a> <h2>Regulatory Guide for In-House Solicitors Employed in the Corporate & Public Sectors</h2> </a> <div class="WYSIWYG-style"> <p>The Law Society’s Regulation Department has produced a Regulatory Guide for In-house Solicitors Employed in the Corporate and Public Sectors. The Practice Regulation Section of the Regulation Department will provide guidance on these matters, and can be contacted regarding queries at the details below.</p> </div> <div class="LinkTable-links"> <ul> <li> <a href="/globalassets/documents/committees/in-house-and-public-sector/Inhouse-regulatoryguide.pdf" target="_blank"> Regulatory Guide for In-house Solicitors </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:pc@lawsociety.ie" target="_blank"> pc@lawsociety.ie </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="tel:01 879 8700"> 01 879 8700 </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div><div> <div class=" block dividerfor2columns span12"> <section class="divider"> </section> </div></div><div> <div class="block linklistblock span12"> <div class="tlist reverse"> <div class="tlist-links "> <div class="listheader"> <h3> Submissions </h3> <!--<ul class="main-list border" style="<%= GetBottomBorderStyle() %>">--> <p> The Law Society regularly makes submissions to Government and agencies on issues of law reform and in the public interest. </p> </div> <div class="listimg-mob"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/businesshub-closing.jpg" /> </div> <div class="mainlist"> <ul> <li> <a href="/globalassets/documents/submissions/2021-letter-central-bank-individual-accountability-framework.pdf" target="_blank"> General Scheme of the Central Bank (Individual Accountability Framework) Bill 2021 </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> <li> <a href="/globalassets/documents/submissions/2021-letter-finance-consumer-insurance-contracts-act.pdf" target="_blank"> Consumer Insurance Contracts Act 2019 </a> <i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listbtn "><a href="/Solicitors/Representation/Submissions/" class="btn btn-secondary">View more Submissions</a></div> </div> <div class="listimg"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/businesshub-closing.jpg" /> </div> </div> </div> </div><div> <div class=" block goldhorizontalruleblock span12"> <section class="gold-horizontal-rule"> <hr class="base block-gold-hr" /> </section> </div></div><div> <div class="full block pagelistimageblock span12"> <div class="newsblock "> <div class="data"> <div> <h3>In-House & Public Sector News</h3> </div> <div class="mainlist"> <div class="contain"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="img-contain"> <a href="/news/news/Stories/final-applications-being-accepted-for-diploma-in-in-house-practice/"> <img src="/globalassets/documents/images/768x768/diplomalecture.jpg" alt="Final applications being accepted for Diploma in In-House Practice" /> </a> </div> <div> <span style=' '>13/02/2025</span> <a href="/news/news/Stories/final-applications-being-accepted-for-diploma-in-in-house-practice/"> <h4>Final applications being accepted for Diploma in In-House Practice</h4> </a> </div> </div> <div class="showdate"> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">euro</i></span> </div> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">location_on</i></span> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>This Diploma provides in-house lawyers and aspiring in-house lawyers with a comprehensive understanding of the varied work that those working&hellip;</p> </div> </div> <div class="contain"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="img-contain"> <a href="/news/news/Stories/in-house-update--january-2025/"> <img src="/contentassets/e0900b2e0d784cdda03ef728385c1fb7/in-house-update.jpg" alt="In-House Update – January 2025" /> </a> </div> <div> <span style=' '>20/01/2025</span> <a href="/news/news/Stories/in-house-update--january-2025/"> <h4>In-House Update – January 2025</h4> </a> </div> </div> <div class="showdate"> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">euro</i></span> </div> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">location_on</i></span> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Access news, Law Society resources and training for in-house solicitors in the private and public sectors.</p> </div> </div> <div class="contain"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="img-contain"> <a href="/news/news/Stories/in-house-update--december-2024/"> <img src="/contentassets/af1af4b62d8b470eb255c7e8e315b17f/inhouseupdate-dec24.jpg" alt="In-House Update – December 2024" /> </a> </div> <div> <span style=' '>17/12/2024</span> <a href="/news/news/Stories/in-house-update--december-2024/"> <h4>In-House Update – December 2024</h4> </a> </div> </div> <div class="showdate"> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">euro</i></span> </div> <div style='display:none'> <span><i class="material-icons-outlined">location_on</i></span> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Access news, Law Society resources and training for in-house solicitors in the private and public sectors.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="viewmore " style=" "> <a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/news/news/">VIEW ALL NEWS</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <input hidden value="False" id="hdnIsAuthenticated" /> <input hidden value="" id="hdnAuthProvider" /> <input hidden value="" id="hdnUserName" /> </div> <script src="/UI/js/3rdParty/reciteme__lsi.js"></script> <!--footer section--> <div class="footer--section"> <div class="content"> <div class="content-left"> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/Contact-Us/"> Contact us </a> </div> <span class="divider"></span> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/about-us/"> About Us </a> </div> <span class="divider"></span> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/news/Media/"> Media Centre </a> </div> <span class="divider"></span> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/news/Venuehire-dublin/"> Venue Hire </a> </div> <span class="divider"></span> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/About-this-Website/Privacy-notice/"> Privacy </a> </div> <span class="divider"></span> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/About-this-Website/"> Policies </a> </div> <span class="divider"></span> </div> <div class="content-right"> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="footer-logo"> <img src="/UI/images/LOGO_INDIGO.svg" alt="Law Society of Ireland"> </div> <div class="content-right-content"> <div class="item socials"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/law-society-of-ireland/"> <img src="/UI/images/icons/socials_linkedin.svg" alt="Law Society of Ireland on LinkedIn"> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/LawSocIreland"> <img src="/UI/images/icons/socials_twitter.svg" alt="Law Society of Ireland on Twitter"> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lawsocireland/"> <img src="/UI/images/icons/socials_facebook.svg" alt="Law Society of Ireland on Facebook"> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/lawsocietyireland/"> <img src="/UI/images/icons/socials_instagram.svg" alt="Law Society of Ireland on Instagram"> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/lawsocietyofireland/featured"> <img src="/UI/images/icons/socials_youtube.svg" alt="Law Society of Ireland on YouTube"> </a> </div> <div class="item copyright"> <div class="bottom-footer-logo"> <img src="/UI/images/LOGO_INDIGO.svg" alt="Law Society of Ireland"> </div> <div class="copyright-text"> <p>Copyright 漏 2025 Law Society of Ireland</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--end footer section--> <div class="hidescript"> <script type="text/javascript"> var username = ""; var password = ""; var remember = false; var memberType = ""; var returnURL = window.location.href; loginToAllSystems = function () { //console.log('Return URL is:' + returnURL); username = document.getElementById("hdnUserName").value; password = "aptify2016"; remember = false; eb6Login().done(function () { console.log('EB6 Login'); }).fail(function () { console.log('Error logging in to EB6'); }); } eb6Login = function () { var eb6username = ""; var eb6password = ""; eb6username = username; eb6password = password; var deferred = $.Deferred(); if (eb_Login.userContext) { var loginParameters = { UserName: ko.toJS(eb6username), RememberMe: ko.toJS(remember), Password: ko.toJS(eb6password) }; eb_UserContext.live.login(loginParameters).done(function (data) { //console.log("EB6 login success 1"); eb_UserContext.live.Load(data); eb_UserContext.live.saveToCache(); //console.log("EB6 login success 2"); deferred.resolve(); }).fail(function (data, msg, xhr) { console.error("EB6 login failed") if (typeof data.responseJSON === 'undefined') console.log("Json umdefined"); else console.log("Json correct"); deferred.reject(); }); } else { console.error("UserContext object no longer exist!"); deferred.reject(); } return deferred.promise(); } var isAuthenticated = document.getElementById("hdnIsAuthenticated").value; var authProvider = document.getElementById("hdnAuthProvider").value; if (isAuthenticated == "True" && authProvider == "studentactivedirectorymembershipprovider") { if (returnURL = window.location.hostname + "/Trainees") { eb_UserContext.getContextData(true).done(function (userData) { eb_UserContext.live = new eb_UserContext.model(userData); if (eb_UserContext.live.isUserLoggedIn() <= 0) { loginToAllSystems(); } }).fail(function (data, msg, jhr) { console.error(msg); }); } } </script> </div> <script defer="defer" src="/Util/Find/epi-util/find.js"></script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){if(typeof FindApi === 'function'){var api = new FindApi();api.setApplicationUrl('/');api.setServiceApiBaseUrl('/find_v2/');api.processEventFromCurrentUri();api.bindWindowEvents();api.bindAClickEvent();api.sendBufferedEvents();}}) </script> <nav id="mob-navigation"></nav> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/icheck.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.mmenu.min.js?a=1" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.utils.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/execute.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> logoutAllSystems = function (isAutoLogout) { var deferred = jQuery.Deferred(); var CheckisStaffMemberCookie = "False"; /* "<%= CheckStaffCookieVal %>"; */ var returnUrl = ""; if (window.location.pathname != "/") { returnUrl = window.location.pathname; } episerverLogout(isAutoLogout).done(function () { if (CheckisStaffMemberCookie == "False") { eb_UserContext.getContextData(true).done(function (userData) { eb_UserContext.live = new eb_UserContext.model(userData); if (eb_UserContext.live.isUserLoggedIn() <= 0) { //console.log('not logged into eb6'); if (!isAutoLogout) { window.location.assign("/"); } else { if (returnUrl) { window.location.assign("/login?session=expired&ReturnUrl=" + returnUrl); } else { window.location.assign("/login?session=expired"); } } } else { logUserOuteb6().done(function () { //console.log('logged out eb6'); if (!isAutoLogout) { window.location.assign("/"); } else { var logoutLog = ""; /* "<%= LogToEventViewer %>"; */ if (returnUrl) { window.location.assign("/login?session=expired&ReturnUrl=" + returnUrl); } else { window.location.assign("/login?session=expired"); } } }).fail(function () { console.error('Error logging out eb6'); if (returnUrl) { window.location.assign("/login?ReturnUrl=" + returnUrl); } else { window.location.assign("/login"); } }); } }).fail(function (data, msg, jhr) { console.error(msg); }); } else { if (!isAutoLogout) { window.location.assign("/"); } else { var logoutLog = ""; /* "<%= LogToEventViewer %>"; */ if (returnUrl) { window.location.assign("/login?session=expired&ReturnUrl=" + returnUrl); } else { window.location.assign("/login?session=expired"); } } } console.log('Full Episerver logout done'); deferred.resolve(); }).fail(function () { console.error('Failed to log out of eb5/episerver'); deferred.resolve(); }); return deferred.promise(); } // the method that logs users out of EB5 and episerver episerverLogout = function (isAutoLogout) { var deferred = jQuery.Deferred(); fetch('/LoginBlock/Logout', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } }).then(data => { if (data.returnUrl) { window.location.href = data.returnUrl; } console.log('Server response:', data); deferred.resolve(); }).catch(error => { console.log('Epi logout failed: ', error); deferred.reject(reason); }); return deferred.promise(); } // the method that logs users out of EB6 logUserOuteb6 = function () { var deferred = eBusinessJQObject.Deferred(); var emptyheaders = {}; emptyheaders['__requestverificationtoken'] = 'ABC'; emptyheaders['CSRFDefenseInDepthToken'] = '123'; eb_Config.retrieveCSRFTokens().done(function (headers) { emptyheaders['__requestverificationtoken'] = headers['__requestverificationtoken']; emptyheaders['CSRFDefenseInDepthToken'] = headers['CSRFDefenseInDepthToken']; }).fail(function () { console.error('Failed to retrieve CSRF tokens'); }).always(function () { var logoutUri = '/SOA/services/Authentication/Logout/'; eBusinessJQObject.ajax({ type: "POST", url: logoutUri, xhrFields: { withCredentials: true }, headers: emptyheaders }).done(function (result) { localStorage.clear(); deferred.resolve(result); }).fail(function (msg) { localStorage.clear(); deferred.reject(msg); }); }); return deferred.promise(); } </script> <!--Call Session Code --> <script type="text/javascript"> document.cookie = 'APTIFY_ECOMMERCE_PWD=;path=/;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; document.cookie = 'APTIFY_ECOMMERCE_UID=;path=/;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; document.cookie = 'APTIFY_LMS_UID=;path=/;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; var CheckisEb6AliveUserContext = "No user Context"; eb_UserContext.getContextData(true).done(function (userData) { eb_UserContext.live = new eb_UserContext.model(userData); if (eb_UserContext.live.isUserLoggedIn() <= 0) { CheckisEb6AliveUserContext = 'User is not logged in'; } else { CheckisEb6AliveUserContext = 'Full user context'; } }).fail(function (data, msg, jhr) { console.error(msg); }); var expired = "false"; /* "<%= RedirectToExpired %>"; */ //console.log('Page load check if any missing cookies '); var CheckisStaffMemberCookie = "False"; /* "<%= CheckStaffCookieVal %>"; */ var CheckIsEpiserverCookie = "No Episerver cookie"; /* "<%= CheckIsEpiserverCookieVal %>"; */ //var CheckIsAptify5 = "<%= CheckIsAptify5Val %>"; var CheckIsAptify6Cookies = "Missing CSRF"; /* "<%= CheckIsAptify6Val %>"; */ var aspSession = "False"; /* "<%= CheckASPSessionVal %>"; */ //var aptifySession = "False"; if (CheckisStaffMemberCookie == "True") { //console.log('Staff member is logged in, skip process'); } else { //console.log('Check for missing cookies'); if (CheckisEb6AliveUserContext == "Full user context") { if ((CheckIsAptify6Cookies == "Missing CSRF")) {//|| (aspSession == "False") || (aptifySession == "False") || (CheckIsAptify5 == "Missing aptify5 cookie") logoutAllSystems(true).done(function (result) { console.log("Logout due to user missing cookie type successful 1"); }).fail(function () { console.log("Logout due to missing cookie unsuccessful 1"); }); } else { //console.log("All 3 Cookie types present"); } } else if (CheckisEb6AliveUserContext == "User is not logged in" && CheckIsEpiserverCookie == "Full episerver logon") { if (!(window.location.pathname + window.location.search).includes("/login?session=expired")) { logoutAllSystems(true).done(function (result) { console.log("Logout due to user missing cookie type successful 2"); }).fail(function () { console.log("Logout due to missing cookie unsuccessful 2"); }); } } else { //console.log("There are old cookies but user is not logged in currently"); } } //console.log("End of Page Load checker"); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // used for situations where pages time out before a form is submitted var sessionStateMinutes = parseInt("70"); /* "<%= GetSessionStateInMinutes %>" */ var pageLoadDate = new Date(); var pageLoadTime = pageLoadDate.getTime(); </script> <div> <a href="#top" id="btnTop" style="display: none" class="btntp"> <span class="btntext">Back to top</span> <span class="uparrow"><i class="material-icons">arrow_upward</i></span> </a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(window).scroll(function () { let st = Math.round($(window).scrollTop()); let wt = Math.round($(window).height()); let dt = Math.round($(document).height()); //if not scroll position >= screen/device height * 4 OR //screen position + screen height is >= document height MINUS screen height / 2.5) //AND //screen width < 576px if (!(st >= wt * 4) || ((st + wt >= (dt - (wt / 2.5))) && $(window).innerWidth() <= 576)) { $("#btnTop").hide(); } else { $("#btnTop").show(); } }); </script> </div> </body> </html>