CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Siege of Mecca (692) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7ab82dbe-ecde-40ce-8c19-cc567e267cde","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Siege_of_Mecca_(692)","wgTitle":"Siege of Mecca (692)","wgCurRevisionId":1253897218,"wgRevisionId":1253897218,"wgArticleId":42075371,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Good articles","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Arabic-language text","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Sieges of Mecca","692","690s conflicts","Sieges involving the Umayyad Caliphate","690s in the Umayyad Caliphate","Second Fitna","Mecca under the Umayyad Caliphate"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Siege_of_Mecca_(692)","wgRelevantArticleId":42075371,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":21.4167,"lon":39.8167},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17019401","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="789"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="526"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="421"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Siege of Mecca (692) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Siege_of_Mecca_692 rootpage-Siege_of_Mecca_692 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Siege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Siege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Siege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Siege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Siege</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Mecca (692)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9_(692)" title="حصار مكة (692) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حصار مكة (692)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7_(%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A8)" title="মক্কা অবরোধ (৬৯২) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মক্কা অবরোধ (৬৯২)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83_(692)" title="Мәккәне ҡамау (692) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәккәне ҡамау (692)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setge_de_la_Meca_(692)" title="Setge de la Meca (692) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Setge de la Meca (692)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87_(%DB%B6%DB%B9%DB%B2)" title="محاصره مکه (۶۹۲) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محاصره مکه (۶۹۲)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengepungan_Makkah_(692)" title="Pengepungan Makkah (692) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengepungan Makkah (692)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E5%8C%85%E5%9B%B2%E6%88%A6_(692%E5%B9%B4)" title="メッカ包囲戦 (692年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッカ包囲戦 (692年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8_(692)" title="Осада Мекки (692) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осада Мекки (692)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke_Ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1_(692)" title="Mekke Kuşatması (692) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mekke Kuşatması (692)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81_(692%D8%A1)" title="محاصرہ مکہ (692ء) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محاصرہ مکہ (692ء)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17019401#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Siege_of_Mecca_(692)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&oldid=1253897218" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Siege_of_Mecca_%28692%29&id=1253897218&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSiege_of_Mecca_%28692%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSiege_of_Mecca_%28692%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Siege_of_Mecca_%28692%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17019401" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&params=21.4167_N_39.8167_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°25′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.4167°N 39.8167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.4167; 39.8167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Final battle of the Second Fitna</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Siege of Mecca (disambiguation)">Siege of Mecca</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Mecca</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mecca-1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg/330px-Mecca-1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg/495px-Mecca-1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Mecca-1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="390" /></a></span><br />Mecca was attacked with catapults from a nearby mountain</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>March–October/November 692</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&params=21.4167_N_39.8167_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°25′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°49′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.4167°N 39.8167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.4167; 39.8167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> victory</li></ul></div> <div><ul><li>Death of <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Zubayr" title="Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr">Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr</a></li><li>End of <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Remains_of_Zubayrid_Caliphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remains of Zubayrid Caliphate (page does not exist)">Remains of Zubayrid Caliphate</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Hajjaj_ibn_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajjaj ibn Yusuf">Hajjaj ibn Yusuf</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tariq_ibn_Amr" title="Tariq ibn Amr">Tariq ibn Amr</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Zubayr" title="Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr">Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muti" title="Abd Allah ibn Muti">Abd Allah ibn Muti</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br />Abd Allah ibn Safwan <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2,000–5,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy200133_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy200133-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> >10,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971139_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971139-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Fitna1209" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Fitna" title="Template:Campaignbox Second Fitna"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Second_Fitna" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Second Fitna"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Fitna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Second Fitna"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Fitna1209" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Pro-<a href="/wiki/Alid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alid">Alid</a> risings</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Karbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayn_al-Warda" title="Battle of Ayn al-Warda">Ayn al-Warda</a></li> <li>Revolt of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mukhtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mukhtar">al-Mukhtar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khazir" title="Battle of Khazir">Khazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Madhar_and_Harura" title="Battles of Madhar and Harura">Madhar & Harura</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Zubayr%27s_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Zubayr's revolt">Ibn al-Zubayr's Revolt</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Harra" title="Battle of al-Harra">Al-Harra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(683)" title="Siege of Mecca (683)">1st Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Rahit_(684)" title="Battle of Marj Rahit (684)">Marj Rahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maskin" title="Battle of Maskin">Maskin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>siege of Mecca</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حصار مكة</span>) occurred at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a> in 692 when the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a> besieged and defeated his rival, the caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Zubayr" title="Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr">Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr</a> in his center of power, the Islamic holy city of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>. </p><p>After the death of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid</a> in 683, Ibn al-Zubayr had been recognized as caliph in most of the provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyads</a>, who had ruled the Caliphate since the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Fitna</a>, had been confined to their stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>. There, the pro-Umayyad tribes elected <a href="/wiki/Marwan_ibn_al-Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwan ibn al-Hakam">Marwan ibn al-Hakam</a> as caliph in 684; after his death in 685, his son and successor Abd al-Malik undertook the task of reasserting Umayyad authority across the Caliphate. After defeating his enemies in Syria and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq (region)">Iraq</a>, he sent his general <a href="/wiki/Hajjaj_ibn_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajjaj ibn Yusuf">Hajjaj ibn Yusuf</a> to Mecca to defeat Ibn al-Zubayr. To avoid bloodshed in the sanctuary, Hajjaj was ordered to besiege the city and starve out Ibn al-Zubayr. The siege started in March 692 and lasted for six to seven months. The city was bombarded with catapults and supplies were cut off, resulting in large scale desertions by the followers of Ibn al-Zubayr. He was killed along with his few remaining supporters in October 692. The siege brought an end to the decade-long civil war and the Caliphate was united under Abd al-Malik. The <a href="/wiki/Ka%27ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ba">Ka'ba</a>, which had been damaged by the bombardment, was rebuilt according to its original plan from the time of the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the death of the first Umayyad caliph, <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Muawiyah I</a>, in April 680, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a> broke out, when the prominent Muslim leaders <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Zubayr" title="Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr">Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a>, and the people of <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> revolted against the new caliph <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010177–178_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010177–178-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Husayn and the people of Medina were defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala" title="Battle of Karbala">Battle of Karbala</a> in October 680 and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Harrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Harrah">Battle of al-Harrah</a> in August 683, Ibn al-Zubayr continued his opposition to Yazid from the sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> holy city. Yazid's forces <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(683)" title="Siege of Mecca (683)">besieged Mecca</a> in September 683 and bombarded the city with catapults.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200047–48_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200047–48-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ka%27ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ba">Ka'ba</a> caught fire during the siege, which resulted in the sacred <a href="/wiki/Black_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Black stone">black stone</a> splitting into three pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927165_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927165-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yazid died in November that year and the arrival of this news compelled <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Numayr_al-Sakuni" title="Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni">Husayn ibn Numayr</a>, the commander of the besieging army, to withdraw as he did not know whom he was fighting for. He offered Ibn al-Zubayr allegiance on the condition that he relocate to Syria, headquarters of the Umayyad Caliphate, but Ibn al-Zubayr refused and Ibn Numayr left with his troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200047–48_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200047–48-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yazid was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah II">Muawiyah II</a> whose authority was restricted to parts of <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010181–182_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010181–182-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The withdrawal of Ibn Numayr left Ibn al-Zubayr in control of the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>—the western region of Arabia, where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located. He proclaimed himself caliph and was recognized in most of the provinces. He sent his governors to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>. Several Syrian districts were under the control of his allies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200048_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200048-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muawiyah II died after a few months and power was transferred by the pro-Umayyad Syrian tribal nobility to <a href="/wiki/Marwan_I" title="Marwan I">Marwan ibn al-Hakam</a>. He defeated the pro-Zubayrid tribes of Syria at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Rahit_(684)" title="Battle of Marj Rahit (684)">Battle of Marj Rahit</a> in August 684 and recaptured Egypt from Ibn al-Zubayr's governor shortly afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182–183_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182–183-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn al-Zubayr lost much of Iraq to the pro-Alid <a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">Mukhtar al-Thaqafi</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010183_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010183-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a>, with whom Ibn al-Zubayr had allied during the earlier siege, denounced him after he claimed the Caliphate and started undermining him. Although his brother <a href="/wiki/Mus%27ab_ibn_al-Zubayr" title="Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr">Mus'ab</a> was able to retake Iraq from Mukhtar, Kharijite insurgents captured large parts of Persia and Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marwan died in April 685 and his son <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a> became caliph and embarked on restoring Umayyad power. After quelling internal disturbances, Abd al-Malik invaded <a href="/wiki/Iraq_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq (region)">Iraq</a> and killed Mus'ab at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maskin" title="Battle of Maskin">Battle of Maskin</a> in October 691.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186,_188_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186,_188-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Ibn al-Zubayr lost control of most of his territory<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927197_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927197-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was confined to the Hejaz.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even there, he lost Medina to Abd al-Malik's <i><a href="/wiki/Mawla" title="Mawla">mawlā</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Tariq_ibn_Amr" title="Tariq ibn Amr">Tariq ibn Amr</a>, who had earlier defeated a 2,000-strong Zubayrid army and taken control of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971135–136_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971135–136-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After defeating Mus'ab, Abd al-Malik sent his general <a href="/wiki/Hajjaj_ibn_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajjaj ibn Yusuf">Hajjaj ibn Yusuf</a> to Mecca at the head of 2,000 Syrian troops, with instructions to secure Ibn al-Zubayr's surrender by negotiation and to give him <a href="/wiki/Safe_conduct" title="Safe conduct">safe conduct</a>. Hajjaj was ordered not to spill blood in the city, but to lay siege if Ibn al-Zubayr refused to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Abd al-Malik's orders, Hajjaj went to his hometown <a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a> instead of going directly to Mecca.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971137_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971137-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived in Ta'if in January 692<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982238_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERotter1982238-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sent several detachments to the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">plain of Arafat</a> and defeated Ibn al-Zubayr's followers in skirmishes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990207_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990207-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations with Ibn al-Zubayr failed, prompting Hajjaj to request reinforcements from Abd al-Malik and ask permission to attack Mecca.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971136–137_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971136–137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abd al-Malik granted permission and ordered Tariq ibn Amr, who held Medina, to reinforce Hajjaj at Mecca.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927199_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927199-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hajjaj besieged Mecca on 25 March 692 and reinforcements under Tariq ibn Amar arrived a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982239_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERotter1982239-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supplies to the city were cut off, resulting in a food shortage. The city was bombarded from the nearby mountain of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Qubays_(mountain)" title="Abu Qubays (mountain)">Abu Qubays</a> using <a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">catapults</a>. The bombardment continued during the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an account by the 9th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Baladhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Baladhuri">Baladhuri</a>, the bombardment was halted during the pilgrimage at the request of <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" title="Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab">Abd Allah ibn Umar</a>, an influential son of the second caliph, <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990208_n_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990208_n-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enraged by Ibn al-Zubayr's refusal to allow him to perform the <i><a href="/wiki/Tawaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawaf">tawaf</a></i> (the circumambulation of the Ka'ba), Hajjaj directed catapults to fire on the Ka'ba itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian Abd al-Ameer Dixon, however, only the part of Ka'ba which had been altered by Ibn al-Zubayr (see <a href="#Aftermath">Aftermath</a>) was targeted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sudden thunderstorm provoked fears of divine wrath among his soldiers and they stopped the bombardment. Hajjaj convinced them that the thunderstorm was a natural phenomena, and if they considered it an omen, it should be taken as a sign of victory. The bombardment was then resumed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deteriorating situation in the city and Hajjaj's promise of amnesty encouraged some ten thousand defenders,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including two of Ibn al-Zubayr's sons, to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138–139_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138–139-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn al-Zubayr went to his mother asking her advice on whether to submit to Hajjaj. She persuaded him to fight, citing his old age and the sacrifices of the people who had died fighting for him. He attacked Hajjaj, accompanied by his youngest son and a few remaining followers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990232_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990232-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including his ex-governor in Kufa <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muti" title="Abd Allah ibn Muti">Abd Allah ibn Muti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe1995230,_note_1082_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe1995230,_note_1082-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was killed fighting. His head was sent to Abd al-Malik,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990232_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990232-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while his body was displayed in a <a href="/wiki/Gibbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbet">gibbet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb196055_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb196055-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date is variously reported as 4 October<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_n_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_n-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb196054_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb196054-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 3 November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb196054_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb196054-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaaba-plan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kaaba-plan.svg/220px-Kaaba-plan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kaaba-plan.svg/330px-Kaaba-plan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kaaba-plan.svg/440px-Kaaba-plan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ibn al-Zubayr rebuilt the Ka'ba, incorporating the <a href="/wiki/Hajr_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajr Ismail"><i>hatīm</i></a> into it.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kabaa_(January_2003).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kabaa_%28January_2003%29.jpg/220px-Kabaa_%28January_2003%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kabaa_%28January_2003%29.jpg/330px-Kabaa_%28January_2003%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kabaa_%28January_2003%29.jpg/440px-Kabaa_%28January_2003%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hajjaj restored it to the pre-Zubayrid plan, which persists to this day.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Ibn al-Zubayr's death marked the end of the civil war, and the Caliphate was united under Umayyad leadership. The year was called the "Year of Unity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971139_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971139-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hajjaj was appointed governor of the Hejaz, <a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">Yemen</a> (southwestern Arabia) and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Yamama" title="Al-Yamama">Yamama</a> (central Arabia).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ka'ba, which had been damaged by the bombardment—several walls had been cracked by catapult stones—was rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original building from the time of Muhammad had been <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mecca_(683)#Siege" title="Siege of Mecca (683)">damaged by fire</a> during the previous siege of the city in 683. Ibn al-Zubayr had rebuilt it, changing the design. He altered the square plan to a rectangular one to include the <a href="/wiki/Hajr_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hajr Ismail"><i>hatīm</i></a>, following a tradition that Muhammad had wished to do so. He also added an additional doorway to the building; the original had only one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the orders of Abd al-Malik, Hajjaj demolished the Ka'ba and rebuilt it to its original plan from Muhammad's time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHittiMurgotten191675_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHittiMurgotten191675-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ka'ba survives in this form to date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> According to Baladhuri, Abd al-Malik regretted his instructions to Hajjaj later in his life, and wished he had left the Ka'ba in the form in which it had been rebuilt by Ibn al-Zubayr.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHittiMurgotten191675_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHittiMurgotten191675-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had been shocked by the burning of the Ka'ba during the 683 siege. The bombardment and subsequent demolition of the Ka'ba on his orders damaged his reputation,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon197121_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon197121-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contributed to the anti-Umayyad sentiment in the Muslim historical tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200011_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, supporters of the Umayyads applauded the restoration. A contemporary poet wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"You restored the house of God as it was at the time of the Prophet, you corrected what the sons of al-Zubair had corrupted."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The historian Gernot Rotter has doubted this number. According to him, only the clans of <a href="/wiki/Asad_ibn_Abd-al-Uzza" class="mw-redirect" title="Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza">Asad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banu_Makhzum" title="Banu Makhzum">Makhzum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhra" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Zuhra">Zuhra</a> would have supported Ibn al-Zubayr, and the total number of his supporters would have been only a few hundred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982239_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERotter1982239-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Rotter, majority of those who surrendered were the common people of the city, because the defenders, according to him, would have numbered only a few hundred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982239_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERotter1982239-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy200133-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy200133_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2001">Kennedy 2001</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971139-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971139_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971139_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1971">Dixon 1971</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERotter1982239-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982239_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982239_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982239_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRotter1982">Rotter 1982</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010177–178-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010177–178_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner2010">Donner 2010</a>, pp. 177–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200047–48-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200047–48_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200047–48_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawting2000">Hawting 2000</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927165-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927165_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWellhausen1927">Wellhausen 1927</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWensinckJomier1978319_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWensinckJomier1978">Wensinck & Jomier 1978</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010181–182-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010181–182_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner2010">Donner 2010</a>, pp. 181–182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner2010">Donner 2010</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200048-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200048_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawting2000">Hawting 2000</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182–183-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010182–183_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner2010">Donner 2010</a>, pp. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010183-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010183_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner2010">Donner 2010</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner2010">Donner 2010</a>, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186,_188-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonner2010186,_188_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonner2010">Donner 2010</a>, pp. 186, 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927197-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927197_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWellhausen1927">Wellhausen 1927</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971135–136-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971135–136_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1971">Dixon 1971</a>, pp. 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich197140_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich1971">Dietrich 1971</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971137-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971137_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1971">Dixon 1971</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERotter1982238-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotter1982238_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRotter1982">Rotter 1982</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990207-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990207_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFishbein1990">Fishbein 1990</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971136–137-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971136–137_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1971">Dixon 1971</a>, pp. 136–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927199-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWellhausen1927199_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWellhausen1927">Wellhausen 1927</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFishbein1990">Fishbein 1990</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990208_n-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990208_n_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFishbein1990">Fishbein 1990</a>, p. 208 n.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1971">Dixon 1971</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138–139-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1971138–139_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1971">Dixon 1971</a>, pp. 138–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990232-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990232_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990232_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFishbein1990">Fishbein 1990</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe1995230,_note_1082-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe1995230,_note_1082_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcAuliffe1995">McAuliffe 1995</a>, p. 230, note 1082.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb196055-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb196055_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibb1960">Gibb 1960</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_n-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishbein1990225_n_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFishbein1990">Fishbein 1990</a>, p. 225 n.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibb196054-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb196054_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibb196054_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibb1960">Gibb 1960</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHittiMurgotten191675-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHittiMurgotten191675_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHittiMurgotten191675_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHittiMurgotten1916">Hitti & Murgotten 1916</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon197121-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon197121_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1971">Dixon 1971</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawting200011-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawting200011_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawting2000">Hawting 2000</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDietrich1971" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Dietrich, A. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Al-Had%CC%B2j%CC%B2d%CC%B2j%CC%B2%C4%81d%CC%B2j+b.+Y%C5%ABsuf&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Al-Had̲j̲d̲j̲ād̲j b. Yūsuf"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis_M%C3%A9nage" title="Victor Louis Ménage">Ménage, V. L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume III:<i> H–Iram</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">39–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469525">495469525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Had%CC%B2j%CC%B2d%CC%B2j%CC%B2%C4%81d%CC%B2j+b.+Y%C5%ABsuf&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+III%3A+H%E2%80%93Iram&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469525&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DAl-Had%25CC%25B2j%25CC%25B2d%25CC%25B2j%25CC%25B2%25C4%2581d%25CC%25B2j%2Bb.%2BY%25C5%25ABsuf%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1971" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Abd al-Ameer A. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GiPNl429iuEC"><i>The Umayyad Caliphate, 65-86/684-705: (a Political Study)</i></a>. London, England: Luzac. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780718901493" title="Special:BookSources/9780718901493"><bdi>9780718901493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Umayyad+Caliphate%2C+65-86%2F684-705%3A+%28a+Political+Study%29&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Luzac&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780718901493&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Abd+al-Ameer+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGiPNl429iuEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonner2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Donner" title="Fred Donner">Donner, Fred M.</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YM8RBAAAQBAJ"><i>Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674050976" title="Special:BookSources/9780674050976"><bdi>9780674050976</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Believers%2C+at+the+Origins+of+Islam&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780674050976&rft.aulast=Donner&rft.aufirst=Fred+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYM8RBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFishbein1990" class="citation book cs1">Fishbein, Michael, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CArtUGnu9rkC"><i>The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXI: The Victory of the Marwānids, A.D. 685–693/A.H. 66–73</i></a>. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0221-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0221-4"><bdi>978-0-7914-0221-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB%2C+Volume+XXI%3A+The+Victory+of+the+Marw%C4%81nids%2C+A.D.+685%E2%80%93693%2FA.H.+66%E2%80%9373&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Near+Eastern+Studies.&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-0221-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCArtUGnu9rkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibb1960" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">Gibb, H. A. R.</a> (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=%CA%BFAbd+All%C4%81h+ibn+al-Zubayr&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">Gibb, H. A. R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hendrik_Kramers" title="Johannes Hendrik Kramers">Kramers, J. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Évariste Lévi-Provençal">Lévi-Provençal, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume I:<i> A–B</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">54–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469456">495469456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CA%BFAbd+All%C4%81h+ibn+al-Zubayr&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+I%3A+A%E2%80%93B&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469456&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=H.+A.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%25CA%25BFAbd%2BAll%25C4%2581h%2Bibn%2Bal-Zubayr%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawting2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._R._Hawting" title="G. R. Hawting">Hawting, Gerald R.</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tNiAAgAAQBAJ"><i>The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750</i></a> (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-24072-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-24072-7"><bdi>0-415-24072-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Dynasty+of+Islam%3A+The+Umayyad+Caliphate+AD+661%E2%80%93750&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-415-24072-7&rft.aulast=Hawting&rft.aufirst=Gerald+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtNiAAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHittiMurgotten1916" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Hitti" title="Philip K. Hitti">Hitti, Philip K.</a>; Murgotten, Francis C. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originsofislamic02albauoft/page/74"><i>The origins of the Islamic state : being a translation from the Arabic</i></a>. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Columbia University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/848335318">848335318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+the+Islamic+state+%3A+being+a+translation+from+the+Arabic&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F848335318&rft.aulast=Hitti&rft.aufirst=Philip+K.&rft.au=Murgotten%2C+Francis+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginsofislamic02albauoft%2Fpage%2F74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UIspERtZEHIC"><i>The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State</i></a>. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-25093-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-25093-5"><bdi>0-415-25093-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armies+of+the+Caliphs%3A+Military+and+Society+in+the+Early+Islamic+State&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-25093-5&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUIspERtZEHIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAuliffe1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe" title="Jane Dammen McAuliffe">McAuliffe, Jane Dammen</a>, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kiiZWe0t9DMC"><i>The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVIII: The ʿAbbāsid Authority Affirmed: The Early Years of al-Mansūr, A.D. 753–763/A.H. 136–145</i></a>. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1895-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1895-6"><bdi>978-0-7914-1895-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB%2C+Volume+XXVIII%3A+The+%CA%BFAbb%C4%81sid+Authority+Affirmed%3A+The+Early+Years+of+al-Mans%C5%ABr%2C+A.D.+753%E2%80%93763%2FA.H.+136%E2%80%93145&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Near+Eastern+Studies.&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1895-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkiiZWe0t9DMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRotter1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rotter, Gernot (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NuANAAAAYAAJ"><i>Die Umayyaden und der zweite Bürgerkrieg (680-692)</i></a> (in German). Wiesbaden: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783515029131" title="Special:BookSources/9783515029131"><bdi>9783515029131</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Umayyaden+und+der+zweite+B%C3%BCrgerkrieg+%28680-692%29&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Deutsche+Morgenl%C3%A4ndische+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9783515029131&rft.aulast=Rotter&rft.aufirst=Gernot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNuANAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellhausen1927" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wellhausen" title="Julius Wellhausen">Wellhausen, Julius</a> (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabkingdomandit029490mbp"><i>The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall</i></a>. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/752790641">752790641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Kingdom+and+Its+Fall&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=University+of+Calcutta&rft.date=1927&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F752790641&rft.aulast=Wellhausen&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabkingdomandit029490mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWensinckJomier1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wensinck, A. J. & Jomier, J. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Ka%27ba&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Ka'ba"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume IV:<i> Iran–Kha</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/758278456">758278456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ka%27ba&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IV%3A+Iran%E2%80%93Kha&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758278456&rft.aulast=Wensinck&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.au=Jomier%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DKa%2527ba%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Mecca+%28692%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Incidents_related_to_the_Hajj556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hajj_incidents" title="Template:Hajj incidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hajj_incidents" title="Template talk:Hajj incidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hajj_incidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hajj incidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Incidents_related_to_the_Hajj556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Incidents related to the Hajj</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Crushes_and_failures_of_crowd_control" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Crushes and crowd-related issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Mecca_tunnel_tragedy" title="1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy">1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Hajj_stampede" title="1994 Hajj stampede">1994 stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Hajj_stampede" title="1998 Hajj stampede">1998 stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Hajj_stampede" title="2001 Hajj stampede">2001 stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Hajj_stampede" title="2004 Hajj stampede">2004 stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Hajj_stampede" title="2006 Hajj stampede">2006 stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">2015 stampede</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Fires" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Fires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecca_fire_of_1997" title="Mecca fire of 1997">1997 fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Protests_and_violence" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Protests and violence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">692 siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/924_Hajj_caravan_raid" title="924 Hajj caravan raid">924 caravan raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Mecca" title="Sack of Mecca">930 sack of Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1757_Hajj_caravan_raid" title="1757 Hajj caravan raid">1757 caravan raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Protests_and_violence" title="Incidents during the Hajj">1926 mahmal incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Airplane_crashes_related_to_the_Hajj" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Airplane crashes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_Kano_Nigeria_Airways_Boeing_707_crash" title="1973 Kano Nigeria Airways Boeing 707 crash">Royal Jordanian (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinair_Flight_138" title="Martinair Flight 138">Martinair Flight 138 (1974)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loftlei%C3%B0ir_Flight_001" title="Loftleiðir Flight 001">Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines_Flight_740" title="Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740">Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudia_Flight_163" title="Saudia Flight 163">Saudia Flight 163 (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120" title="Nigeria Airways Flight 2120">Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines_Flight_5904" title="Turkish Airlines Flight 5904">Turkish Airlines Flight 5904 (1999)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Portuguese_India_Armada_(Gama,_1502)#Massacre_of_the_pilgrim_ship" title="4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502)">1502 <i>Miri</i> ship sinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Grand_Mughal_Fleet" title="Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet">1695 Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Sardinia_(1888)" title="SS Sardinia (1888)">1908 <i>SS Sardinia</i> fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabre_Line" title="Fabre Line">1930 <i>SS Asia</i> fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Disease" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1817%E2%80%931824_cholera_pandemic" title="1817–1824 cholera pandemic">1817–1824 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863%E2%80%931875_cholera_pandemic" title="1863–1875 cholera pandemic">1863–1875 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj_cough" title="Hajj cough">Hajj cough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERS-related_coronavirus" title="MERS-related coronavirus">MERS-related coronavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Construction_failures" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Mecca_hostel_collapse" title="2006 Mecca hostel collapse">2006 hostel collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecca_crane_collapse" title="Mecca crane collapse">2015 crane collapse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Extreme_heat" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Heat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hajj_extreme_heat_disaster" title="2024 Hajj extreme heat disaster">2024 Hajj disaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stoning_of_the_Devil#Incidents" title="Stoning of the Devil">Stoning of the Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incidents_during_the_Hajj#Other_fatal_events" title="Incidents during the Hajj">Other incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MosqueMeToo" title="MosqueMeToo">MosqueMeToo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&oldid=1253897218">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&oldid=1253897218</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_of_Mecca" title="Category:Sieges of Mecca">Sieges of Mecca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:692" title="Category:692">692</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:690s_conflicts" title="Category:690s conflicts">690s conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_involving_the_Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Category:Sieges involving the Umayyad Caliphate">Sieges involving the Umayyad Caliphate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:690s_in_the_Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Category:690s in the Umayyad Caliphate">690s in the Umayyad Caliphate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Second_Fitna" title="Category:Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mecca_under_the_Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Category:Mecca under the Umayyad Caliphate">Mecca under the Umayyad Caliphate</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 October 2024, at 13:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mecca_(692)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Mecca (692)</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>10 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-tlxrt","wgBackendResponseTime":123,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.774","walltime":"0.921","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5952,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":88616,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6877,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":71591,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 850.473 1 -total"," 22.63% 192.485 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 20.20% 171.796 50 Template:Sfn"," 13.66% 116.146 3 Template:EI2"," 13.13% 111.690 1 Template:Langx"," 12.75% 108.431 3 Template:Cite_encyclopedia"," 9.05% 76.999 1 Template:Campaignbox_Second_Fitna"," 8.88% 75.524 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.84% 75.185 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 7.30% 62.078 56 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.523","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20236631,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFDietrich1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixon1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonner2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFishbein1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibb1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHittiMurgotten1916\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAuliffe1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRotter1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWensinckJomier1978\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulletlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Second Fitna\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 4,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"EI2\"] = 3,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Hajj incidents\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 3,\n [\"Kennedy-The Armies of the Caliphs\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTag\"] = 2,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 50,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"The Arab Kingdom and its Fall\"] = 1,\n [\"The First Dynasty of Islam\"] = 1,\n [\"The History of al-Tabari\"] = 1,\n [\"The History of al-Ṭabarī\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-8xv6m","timestamp":"20250214044028","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Siege of Mecca (692)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Mecca_(692)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17019401","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17019401","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-02-28T19:25:09Z","dateModified":"2024-10-28T13:14:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/97\/Mecca-1850.jpg","headline":"Final battle of the Second Fitna"}</script> </body> </html>