Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta content="mdpi" name="sso-service" /> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport" /> <title>Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css?eb190a3a77e5e1ee?1739771134"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery.multiselect.css?f56c135cbf4d1483?1739771134"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/chosen.min.css?d7ca5ca9441ef9e1?1739771134"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/main2.css?6398b1425402cd8f?1739771134"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/mask-icon-128.svg?c1c7eca266cd7013?1739771134" color="#4f5671"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1739771134"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1739771134"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="application-name" content=" "/> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo-sq.png?6922832c4f546280"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo-sq.png?6922832c4f546280"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo-sq.png?6922832c4f546280"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.css?80647d88647bf347?1739771134"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/magnific-popup.min.css?04d343e036f8eecd?1739771134"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/xml2html/article-html.css?230b005b39af4260?1739771134"> <style> h2, #abstract .related_suggestion_title { } .batch_articles a { color: #000; } a, .batch_articles .authors a, a:focus, a:hover, a:active, .batch_articles a:focus, .batch_articles a:hover, li.side-menu-li a { } span.label a { color: #fff; } #main-content a.title-link:hover, #main-content a.title-link:focus, #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:hover, #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:focus { } #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:hover, #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:focus { } .art-authors a.toEncode { color: #333; font-weight: 700; } #main-content #middle-column ul li::before { } .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title, .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title::after { } .accordion-navigation li:hover::before, .accordion-navigation li:hover a, .accordion-navigation li:focus a { } .relative-size-container .relative-size-image .relative-size { } .middle-column__help__fixed a:hover i, } input[type="checkbox"]:checked:after { } input[type="checkbox"]:not(:disabled):hover:before { } #main-content .bolded-text { } #main-content .hypothesis-count-container { } #main-content .hypothesis-count-container:before { } .full-size-menu ul li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper { } .full-size-menu ul li.menu-item > a.open::after { } #title-story .title-story-orbit .orbit-caption { #background: url('/img/design/000000_background.png') !important; background: url('/img/design/ffffff_background.png') !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51) !important; } #main-content .content__container__orbit { background-color: #000 !important; } #main-content .content__container__journal { color: #fff; } .html-article-menu .row span { } .html-article-menu .row span.active { } .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active::before, .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active a { color: rgba(18,95,86,0.75) !important; font-weight: 700; } .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover::before , .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover a { color: rgba(18,95,86,0.75) !important; } .side-menu-ul li.active a, .side-menu-ul li.active, .side-menu-ul li.active::before { color: rgba(18,95,86,0.75) !important; } .side-menu-ul li.active a { } .result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:hover, .result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:focus { } .search-container.search-container__default-scheme { } nav.tab-bar .open-small-search.active:after { } .search-container.search-container__default-scheme .custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link::after { color: #fff; } @media only screen and (max-width: 50em) { #main-content .content__container.journal-info { color: #fff; } #main-content .content__container.journal-info a { color: #fff; } } .button.button--color { } .button.button--color:hover, .button.button--color:focus { } .button.button--color-journal { position: relative; background-color: rgba(18,95,86,0.75); border-color: #fff; color: #fff !important; } .button.button--color-journal:hover::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 100%; width: 100%; background-color: #ffffff; opacity: 0.2; } .button.button--color-journal:visited, .button.button--color-journal:hover, .button.button--color-journal:focus { background-color: rgba(18,95,86,0.75); border-color: #fff; color: #fff !important; } .button.button--color path { } .button.button--color:hover path { fill: #fff; } #main-content #search-refinements .ui-slider-horizontal .ui-slider-range { } .breadcrumb__element:last-of-type a { } #main-header { } #full-size-menu .top-bar, #full-size-menu li.menu-item span.user-email { } .top-bar-section li:not(.has-form) a:not(.button) { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper li a:hover { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item a:hover, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a:focus, nav.tab-bar a:hover { } #full-size-menu li.menu.item a:active, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a.active { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item a.open-mega-menu.active, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu, a.open-mega-menu.active { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu li, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu a { border-color: #9a9a9a; } div.type-section h2 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: 300; } div.type-section h3 { margin-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-weight: 300; } .journal-tabs .tab-title.active a { } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/slick.css?f38b2db10e01b157?1739771134"> <meta name="title" content="Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2"> <meta name="description" content="Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of physical literacy (PL) in school children (10 to 16 years) in Santiago, Chile, and to explore the relationship between PL and body mass index (BMI). In addition, gender and age differences were analyzed in relation to PL levels in a context where childhood obesity remains a public health challenge. Methods: A total of 439 students in grades 5–8 were assessed using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) questionnaire. Demographic variables (sex, age, and BMI) were correlated with levels of motivation to engage in physical activity and physical activity knowledge. Chi-square and effect size were applied. Results: The results revealed a significant correlation between motivation for physical activity and gender, with boys showing higher levels of motivation than girls (χ² = 12.403, p < 0.006). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and motivation (effect size = 0.198), suggesting that more motivated children tend to have a healthier BMI. Knowledge about physical activity increased with age (χ² = 60.460, p < 0.001) but did not have a significant influence on BMI. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need to design gender-specific interventions that enhance motivation as a key factor in promoting a healthy lifestyle and physical activity adherence. Public health strategies should include motivation-driven approaches to foster physical literacy and long-term engagement in physical activity, particularly for girls, to address pediatric health challenges in Chile. Public health policies should address these factors to improve pediatric health outcomes." > <link rel="image_src" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo.png?6922832c4f546280" > <meta name="dc.title" content="Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Nicolás Muñoz-Urtubia"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Alejandro Vega-Muñoz"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Nicolás Contreras-Barraza"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="María Mendoza-Muñoz"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Wladimir Ureta-Paredes"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Remik Carabantes-Silva"> <meta name="dc.type" content="Article"> <meta name="dc.source" content="Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024, Vol. 13, Page 7027"> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-21"> <meta name ="dc.identifier" content="10.3390/jcm13237027"> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="dc.rights" content="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> <meta name="dc.format" content="application/pdf" > <meta name="dc.language" content="en" > <meta name="dc.description" content="Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of physical literacy (PL) in school children (10 to 16 years) in Santiago, Chile, and to explore the relationship between PL and body mass index (BMI). In addition, gender and age differences were analyzed in relation to PL levels in a context where childhood obesity remains a public health challenge. Methods: A total of 439 students in grades 5–8 were assessed using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) questionnaire. Demographic variables (sex, age, and BMI) were correlated with levels of motivation to engage in physical activity and physical activity knowledge. Chi-square and effect size were applied. Results: The results revealed a significant correlation between motivation for physical activity and gender, with boys showing higher levels of motivation than girls (χ² = 12.403, p < 0.006). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and motivation (effect size = 0.198), suggesting that more motivated children tend to have a healthier BMI. Knowledge about physical activity increased with age (χ² = 60.460, p < 0.001) but did not have a significant influence on BMI. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need to design gender-specific interventions that enhance motivation as a key factor in promoting a healthy lifestyle and physical activity adherence. Public health strategies should include motivation-driven approaches to foster physical literacy and long-term engagement in physical activity, particularly for girls, to address pediatric health challenges in Chile. Public health policies should address these factors to improve pediatric health outcomes." > <meta name="dc.subject" content="sport sciences" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="physical activity" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="motivation" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="knowledge" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="quality education" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="behavioral studies" > <meta name ="prism.issn" content="2077-0383"> <meta name ="prism.publicationName" content="Journal of Clinical Medicine"> <meta name ="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-21"> <meta name ="prism.volume" content="13"> <meta name ="prism.number" content="23"> <meta name ="prism.section" content="Article" > <meta name ="prism.startingPage" content="7027" > <meta name="citation_issn" content="2077-0383"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Clinical Medicine"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/1"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/21"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="13"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="23"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="7027"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Muñoz-Urtubia, Nicolás"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Salazar-Sepúlveda, Guido"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mendoza-Muñoz, María"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ureta-Paredes, Wladimir"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Carabantes-Silva, Remik"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3390/jcm13237027"> <meta name="citation_id" content="mdpi-jcm13237027"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/pdf?version=1732873073"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="PDF Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/pdf?version=1732873073"> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/pdf?version=1732873073"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/htm"> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="HTML Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/htm"> <meta name="fulltext_html" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/htm"> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml" title="XML Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/xml"> <meta name="fulltext_xml" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/xml"> <meta name="citation_xml_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/xml"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@MDPIOpenAccess" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo-social.png?6922832c4f546280" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="131189377574"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="MDPI"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of physical literacy (PL) in school children (10 to 16 years) in Santiago, Chile, and to explore the relationship between PL and body mass index (BMI). In addition, gender and age differences were analyzed in relation to PL levels in a context where childhood obesity remains a public health challenge. Methods: A total of 439 students in grades 5–8 were assessed using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) questionnaire. Demographic variables (sex, age, and BMI) were correlated with levels of motivation to engage in physical activity and physical activity knowledge. Chi-square and effect size were applied. Results: The results revealed a significant correlation between motivation for physical activity and gender, with boys showing higher levels of motivation than girls (χ² = 12.403, p < 0.006). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and motivation (effect size = 0.198), suggesting that more motivated children tend to have a healthier BMI. Knowledge about physical activity increased with age (χ² = 60.460, p < 0.001) but did not have a significant influence on BMI. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need to design gender-specific interventions that enhance motivation as a key factor in promoting a healthy lifestyle and physical activity adherence. Public health strategies should include motivation-driven approaches to foster physical literacy and long-term engagement in physical activity, particularly for girls, to address pediatric health challenges in Chile. Public health policies should address these factors to improve pediatric health outcomes." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001-550.jpg?1732873212" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Latest articles" href="https://www.mdpi.com/rss"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="PxTlsg7z2S00aHroktQd57fxygEjMiNHydKn3txhvwY"> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mcoq8dtq6sb2hf7z29j8w515jjoof7" /> <script id="Cookiebot" data-cfasync="false" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" type="text/javascript" async></script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WPK7SW5'); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> _linkedin_partner_id = "2846186"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics" data-cfasync="false" src="//script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0116/4951.js" async="async" ></script> </head> <body> <div class="direction direction_right" id="small_right" style="border-right-width: 0px; padding:0;"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right fa-2x"></i> </div> <div class="big_direction direction_right" id="big_right" style="border-right-width: 0px;"> <div style="text-align: right;"> Next Article in Journal<br> <div><a href="/2077-0383/13/23/7029">Simplifying Mitral Valve Repair with Novel Premeasured Chordal Loops</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="direction" id="small_left" style="border-left-width: 0px"> <i class="fa fa-caret-left fa-2x"></i> </div> <div class="big_direction" id="big_left" style="border-left-width: 0px;"> <div> Previous Article in Journal<br> <div><a href="/2077-0383/13/23/7026">Optimal Management of Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease</a></div> Previous Article in Special Issue<br> <div><a href="/2077-0383/11/16/4666">Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Prevent Chronic Diseases during the COVID Pandemic and Beyond</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div id="menuModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-reveal role="dialog"> <div class="menu-container"> <div class="UI_NavMenu"> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Journals</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about/journals">Active Journals</a> <a href="/about/journalfinder">Find a Journal</a> <a href="/about/journals/proposal">Journal Proposal</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/topics"> <h2>Topics</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Information</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 200px; float: left;"> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </div> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 250px; float: left;"> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/authors/english"> <h2>Author Services</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Initiatives</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sciforum</a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MDPI Books</a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preprints.org</a> <a href="https://www.scilit.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scilit</a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SciProfiles</a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Encyclopedia</a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JAMS</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>About</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about">Overview</a> <a href="/about/contact">Contact</a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Careers</a> <a href="/about/announcements">News</a> <a href="/about/press">Press</a> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Blog</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-container__buttons"> <a class="button UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="captchaModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-label="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"></div> <div id="actionDisabledModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal aria-labelledby="actionDisableModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog" style="width: 300px;"> <h2 id="actionDisableModalTitle">Notice</h2> <form action="/email/captcha" method="post" id="emailCaptchaForm"> <div class="row"> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-text" class="small-12 columns"> </div> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-submit" class="small-12 columns" style="margin-top: 10px; display: none;"> You can make submissions to other journals <a href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload">here</a>. </div> </div> </form> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="rssNotificationModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="rssNotificationModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="rssNotificationModalTitle">Notice</h2> <p> You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-rss-notification-confirm">Continue</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-openaccess" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess</a>. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-feature" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. </p> <p> Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-choice" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. <div style="margin-top: -10px;"> <div id="drop-article-label-choice-journal-link" style="display: none; margin-top: -10px; padding-top: 10px;"> </div> </div> </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-resubmission" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Original Submission Date Received: <span id="drop-article-label-resubmission-date"></span>. </p> </div> <div id="container"> <noscript> <div id="no-javascript"> You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. </div> </noscript> <div class="fixed"> <nav class="tab-bar show-for-medium-down"> <div class="row full-width collapse"> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1739771134" style="width: 64px;" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns right-aligned"> <div class="show-for-medium-down"> <a href="#" style="display: none;"> <i class="material-icons" onclick="$('#menuModal').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">clear</i> </a> <a class="js-toggle-desktop-layout-link" title="Toggle desktop layout" style="display: none;" href="/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"> <i class="material-icons">zoom_out_map</i> </a> <a href="#" class="js-open-small-search open-small-search"> <i class="material-icons show-for-small only">search</i> </a> <a title="MDPI main page" class="js-open-menu" data-reveal-id="menuModal" href="#"> <i class="material-icons">menu</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <section class="main-section"> <header> <div class="full-size-menu show-for-large-up"> <div class="row full-width"> <div class="large-1 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1739771134" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="large-8 columns text-right UI_NavMenu"> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/journals" data-dropdown="journals-dropdown" aria-controls="journals-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Journals</a> <ul id="journals-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/journals"> Active Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journalfinder"> Find a Journal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journals/proposal"> Journal Proposal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/topics">Topics</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors" data-dropdown="information-dropdown" aria-controls="information-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover:true; hover_timeout:200">Information</a> <ul id="information-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-5 columns right-border"> <ul> <li> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="small-7 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> </li> <li> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors/english">Author Services</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/initiatives" data-dropdown="initiatives-dropdown" aria-controls="initiatives-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Initiatives</a> <ul id="initiatives-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.scilit.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about" data-dropdown="about-dropdown" aria-controls="about-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">About</a> <ul id="about-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/announcements"> News </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press"> Press </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Blog </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="large-3 columns text-right full-size-menu__buttons"> <div> <a class="button button--default-inversed UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> <a class="button button--default js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_NavSubmitButton" href=" https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=jcm " data-disabledmessage="new submissions are not possible.">Submit</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-divider"> </div> <div class="search-container hide-for-small-down row search-container__homepage-scheme"> <form id="basic_search" style="background-color: inherit !important;" class="large-12 medium-12 columns " action="/search" method="get"> <div class="row search-container__main-elements"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns text-right1 small-only-text-left"> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> </div> <span class="search-container__title">Search<span class="hide-for-medium"> for Articles</span><span class="hide-for-small">:</span></span> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Title / Keyword</div> </div> <input type="text" placeholder="Title / Keyword" id="q" tabindex="1" name="q" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Author / Affiliation / Email</div> </div> <input type="text" id="authors" placeholder="Author / Affiliation / Email" tabindex="2" name="authors" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Journal</div> </div> <select id="journal" tabindex="3" name="journal" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Journals</option> <option value="acoustics" > Acoustics </option> <option value="amh" > Acta Microbiologica Hellenica (AMH) </option> <option value="actuators" > Actuators </option> <option value="adhesives" > Adhesives </option> <option value="admsci" > Administrative Sciences </option> <option value="adolescents" > Adolescents </option> <option value="arm" > Advances in Respiratory Medicine (ARM) </option> <option value="aerobiology" > Aerobiology </option> <option value="aerospace" > Aerospace </option> <option value="agriculture" > Agriculture </option> <option value="agriengineering" > AgriEngineering </option> <option value="agrochemicals" > Agrochemicals </option> <option value="agronomy" > Agronomy </option> <option value="ai" > AI </option> <option value="aisens" > AI Sensors </option> <option value="air" > Air </option> <option value="algorithms" > Algorithms </option> <option value="allergies" > Allergies </option> <option value="alloys" > Alloys </option> <option value="analytica" > Analytica </option> <option value="analytics" > Analytics </option> <option value="anatomia" > Anatomia </option> <option value="anesthres" > Anesthesia Research </option> <option value="animals" > Animals </option> <option value="antibiotics" > Antibiotics </option> <option value="antibodies" > Antibodies </option> <option value="antioxidants" > Antioxidants </option> <option value="applbiosci" > Applied Biosciences </option> <option value="applmech" > Applied Mechanics </option> <option value="applmicrobiol" > Applied Microbiology </option> <option value="applnano" > Applied Nano </option> <option value="applsci" > Applied Sciences </option> <option value="asi" > Applied System Innovation (ASI) </option> <option value="appliedchem" > AppliedChem </option> <option value="appliedmath" > AppliedMath </option> <option value="aquacj" > Aquaculture Journal </option> <option value="architecture" > Architecture </option> <option value="arthropoda" > Arthropoda </option> <option value="arts" > Arts </option> <option value="astronomy" > Astronomy </option> <option value="atmosphere" > Atmosphere </option> <option value="atoms" > Atoms </option> <option value="audiolres" > Audiology Research </option> <option value="automation" > Automation </option> <option value="axioms" > Axioms </option> <option value="bacteria" > Bacteria </option> <option value="batteries" > Batteries </option> <option value="behavsci" > Behavioral Sciences </option> <option value="beverages" > Beverages </option> <option value="BDCC" > Big Data and Cognitive Computing (BDCC) </option> <option value="biochem" > BioChem </option> <option value="bioengineering" > Bioengineering </option> <option value="biologics" > Biologics </option> <option value="biology" > Biology </option> <option value="blsf" > Biology and Life Sciences Forum </option> <option value="biomass" > Biomass </option> <option value="biomechanics" > Biomechanics </option> <option value="biomed" > BioMed </option> <option value="biomedicines" > Biomedicines </option> <option value="biomedinformatics" > BioMedInformatics </option> <option value="biomimetics" > Biomimetics </option> <option value="biomolecules" > Biomolecules </option> <option value="biophysica" > Biophysica </option> <option value="biosensors" > Biosensors </option> <option value="biosphere" > Biosphere </option> <option value="biotech" > BioTech </option> <option value="birds" > Birds </option> <option value="blockchains" > Blockchains </option> <option value="brainsci" > Brain Sciences </option> <option value="buildings" > Buildings </option> <option value="businesses" > Businesses </option> <option value="carbon" > C (Journal of Carbon Research) </option> <option value="cancers" > Cancers </option> <option value="cardiogenetics" > Cardiogenetics </option> <option value="catalysts" > Catalysts </option> <option value="cells" > Cells </option> <option value="ceramics" > Ceramics </option> <option value="challenges" > Challenges </option> <option value="ChemEngineering" > ChemEngineering </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="chemproc" > Chemistry Proceedings </option> <option value="chemosensors" > Chemosensors </option> <option value="children" > Children </option> <option value="chips" > Chips </option> <option value="civileng" > CivilEng </option> <option value="cleantechnol" > Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option> <option value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="cmtr" > Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction (CMTR) </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="eesp" > Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="greenhealth" > Green Health </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijom" > International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy (IJOM) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" selected='selected'> Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" > Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jemr" > Journal of Eye Movement Research (JEMR) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmms" > Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (JMMS) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life </option> <option value="limnolrev" > Limnological Review </option> <option value="lipidology" > Lipidology </option> <option value="liquids" > Liquids </option> <option value="literature" > Literature </option> <option value="livers" > Livers </option> <option value="logics" > Logics </option> <option value="logistics" > Logistics </option> <option value="lubricants" > Lubricants </option> <option value="lymphatics" > Lymphatics </option> <option value="make" > Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE) </option> <option value="machines" > Machines </option> <option value="macromol" > Macromol </option> <option value="magnetism" > Magnetism </option> <option value="magnetochemistry" > Magnetochemistry </option> <option value="marinedrugs" > Marine Drugs </option> <option value="materials" > Materials </option> <option value="materproc" > Materials Proceedings </option> <option value="mca" > Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA) </option> <option value="mathematics" > Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="microwave" > Microwave </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology" > Pharmacoepidemiology </option> <option value="pharmacy" > Pharmacy </option> <option value="philosophies" > Philosophies </option> <option value="photochem" > Photochem </option> <option value="photonics" > Photonics </option> <option value="phycology" > Phycology </option> <option value="physchem" > Physchem </option> <option value="psf" > Physical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="physics" > Physics </option> <option value="physiologia" > Physiologia </option> <option value="plants" > Plants </option> <option value="plasma" > Plasma </option> <option value="platforms" > Platforms </option> <option value="pollutants" > Pollutants </option> <option value="polymers" > Polymers </option> <option value="polysaccharides" > Polysaccharides </option> <option value="populations" > Populations </option> <option value="poultry" > Poultry </option> <option value="powders" > Powders </option> <option value="proceedings" > Proceedings </option> <option value="processes" > Processes </option> <option value="prosthesis" > Prosthesis </option> <option value="proteomes" > Proteomes </option> <option value="psychiatryint" > Psychiatry International </option> <option value="psychoactives" > Psychoactives </option> <option value="psycholint" > Psychology International </option> <option value="publications" > Publications </option> <option value="qubs" > Quantum Beam Science (QuBS) </option> <option value="quantumrep" > Quantum Reports </option> <option value="quaternary" > Quaternary </option> <option value="radiation" > Radiation </option> <option value="reactions" > Reactions </option> <option value="realestate" > Real Estate </option> <option value="receptors" > Receptors </option> <option value="recycling" > Recycling </option> <option value="rsee" > Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE) </option> <option value="religions" > Religions </option> <option value="remotesensing" > Remote Sensing </option> <option value="reports" > Reports </option> <option value="reprodmed" > Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option value="surfaces" > Surfaces </option> <option value="surgeries" > Surgeries </option> <option value="std" > Surgical Techniques Development </option> <option value="sustainability" > Sustainability </option> <option value="suschem" > Sustainable Chemistry </option> <option value="symmetry" > Symmetry </option> <option value="synbio" > SynBio </option> <option value="systems" > Systems </option> <option value="targets" > Targets </option> <option value="taxonomy" > Taxonomy </option> <option value="technologies" > Technologies </option> <option value="telecom" > Telecom </option> <option value="textiles" > Textiles </option> <option value="thalassrep" > Thalassemia Reports </option> <option value="therapeutics" > Therapeutics </option> <option value="thermo" > Thermo </option> <option value="timespace" > Time and Space </option> <option value="tomography" > Tomography </option> <option value="tourismhosp" > Tourism and Hospitality </option> <option value="toxics" > Toxics </option> <option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option value="women" > Women </option> <option value="world" > World </option> <option value="wevj" > World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option> <option value="youth" > Youth </option> <option value="zoonoticdis" > Zoonotic Diseases </option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Article Type</div> </div> <select id="article_type" tabindex="4" name="article_type" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Article Types</option> <option value="research-article">Article</option> <option value="review-article">Review</option> <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option> <option value="editorial">Editorial</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="book-review">Book Review</option> <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option> <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option> <option value="case-report">Case Report</option> <option value="clinicopathological-challenge">Clinicopathological Challenge</option> <option value="article-commentary">Comment</option> <option value="commentary">Commentary</option> <option value="concept-paper">Concept Paper</option> <option value="conference-report">Conference Report</option> <option value="correction">Correction</option> <option value="creative">Creative</option> <option value="data-descriptor">Data Descriptor</option> <option value="discussion">Discussion</option> <option value="Entry">Entry</option> <option value="essay">Essay</option> <option value="expression-of-concern">Expression of Concern</option> <option value="extended-abstract">Extended Abstract</option> <option value="field-guide">Field Guide</option> <option value="giants-in-urology">Giants in Urology</option> <option value="guidelines">Guidelines</option> <option value="hypothesis">Hypothesis</option> <option value="interesting-image">Interesting Images</option> <option value="letter">Letter</option> <option value="books-received">New Book Received</option> <option value="obituary">Obituary</option> <option value="opinion">Opinion</option> <option value="perspective">Perspective</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceeding Paper</option> <option value="project-report">Project Report</option> <option value="protocol">Protocol</option> <option value="registered-report">Registered Report</option> <option value="reply">Reply</option> <option value="retraction">Retraction</option> <option value="note">Short Note</option> <option value="study-protocol">Study Protocol</option> <option value="systematic_review">Systematic Review</option> <option value="technical-note">Technical Note</option> <option value="tutorial">Tutorial</option> <option value="urology-around-the-world">Urology around the World</option> <option value="viewpoint">Viewpoint</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns small-push-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-button-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input type="submit" id="search" value="Search" class="button button--dark button--full-width searchButton1 US_SearchButton" tabindex="12"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-link-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <a class="main-search-clear search-container__link" href="#" onclick="openAdvanced(''); return false;">Advanced<span class="show-for-small-only"> Search</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-container__advanced" style="margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0px; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Section</div> </div> <select id="section" tabindex="5" name="section" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Special Issue</div> </div> <select id="special_issue" tabindex="6" name="special_issue" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Volume</div> <input type="text" id="volume" tabindex="7" name="volume" placeholder="..." value="13" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Issue</div> <input type="text" id="issue" tabindex="8" name="issue" placeholder="..." value="23" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Number</div> <input type="text" id="number" tabindex="9" name="number" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Page</div> <input type="text" id="page" tabindex="10" name="page" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns small-push-6 medium-reset order large-reset-order medium-reset-order js-search-expanded-button-container"></div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-expanded-link-container"></div> </div> </div> </form> <form id="advanced-search" class="large-12 medium-12 columns"> <div class="search-container__advanced"> <div id="advanced-search-template" class="row advanced-search-row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-3 columns connector-div"> <div class="search-input-label"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Logical Operator</span><span class="show-for-small">Operator</span></div> <select class="connector"> <option value="and">AND</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-3 small-6 columns search-text-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Text</div> <input type="text" class="search-text" placeholder="Search text"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 columns search-field-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Type</div> <select class="search-field"> <option value="all">All fields</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="keywords">Keywords</option> <option value="authors">Authors</option> <option value="affiliations">Affiliations</option> <option value="doi">Doi</option> <option value="full_text">Full Text</option> <option value="references">References</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-3 columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-plus"> <i class="material-icons">add_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-minus"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 end columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input class="advanced-search-button button button--dark search-submit" type="submit" value="Search"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns show-for-medium-up"></div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="header-divider"> </div> <div class="breadcrumb row full-row"> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/about/journals">Journals</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/journal/jcm">JCM</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/2077-0383/13">Volume 13</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/2077-0383/13/23">Issue 23</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="#">10.3390/jcm13237027</a> </div> </div> </header> <div id="main-content" class=""> <div class="row full-width row-fixed-left-column"> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 medium-3 small-12 columns"> <div class="content__container"> <a href="/journal/jcm"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo.png?6922832c4f546280" alt="jcm-logo" title="Journal of Clinical Medicine" style="max-height: 60px; margin: 0 0 0 0;"> </a> <div class="generic-item no-border"> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_ArticleSubmitButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?form%5Bjournal_id%5D%3D93" data-disabledmessage="creating new submissions is not possible."> Submit to this Journal </a> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link UC_ArticleReviewButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/volunteer/journals/review" data-disabledmessage="volunteering as journal reviewer is not possible."> Review for this Journal </a> <a class="button button--color-inversed button--color-journal button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link UC_ArticleEditIssueButton" href="/journalproposal/sendproposalspecialissue/jcm" data-path="/2077-0383/13/23/7027" data-disabledmessage="proposing new special issue is not possible."> Propose a Special Issue </a> </div> <div class="generic-item link-article-menu show-for-small"> <a href="#" class="link-article-menu show-for-small"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Article Menu </a> </div> <div class="hide-small-down-initially UI_ArticleMenu"> <div class="generic-item"> <h2>Article Menu</h2> </div> <ul class="accordion accordion__menu" data-accordion data-options="multi_expand:true;toggleable: true"> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#academic_editors" class="accordion__title">Academic Editors</a> <div id="academic_editors" class="content active"> <div class="academic-editor-container " title="Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><a class="sciprofiles-link__link" href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/338496?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/profiles/338496/thumb/Zan_Gao.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Zan Gao</span></a></div> </div> <div class="academic-editor-container " title="Department of Applied Human Sciences, The University of Minnesota at Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA"> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><a class="sciprofiles-link__link" href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/338497?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Jung Eun Lee</span></a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="accordion-direct-link"> <a href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/scifeed_display" data-reveal-id="scifeed-modal" data-reveal-ajax="true">Subscribe SciFeed</a> </li> <li class="accordion-direct-link js-article-similarity-container" style="display: none"> <a href="#" class="js-similarity-related-articles">Recommended Articles</a> </li> <li class="accordion-direct-link"> <a href="/article/1526237/author-biographies" data-reveal-id="author-biographies-modal" data-reveal-ajax="true">Author Biographies</a> </li> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#related" class="accordion__title">Related Info Links</a> <div id="related" class="content UI_ArticleMenu_RelatedLinks"> <ul> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/39685486" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PubMed/Medline</a> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Relationship%20Between%20Body%20Composition%20and%20Physical%20Literacy%20in%20Chilean%20Children%20%2810%20to%2016%20Years%29%3A%20An%20Assessment%20Using%20CAPL-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Scholar</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#authors" class="accordion__title">More by Authors Links</a> <div id="authors" class="content UI_ArticleMenu_AuthorsLinks"> <ul class="side-menu-ul"> <li> <a class="expand" onclick='$(this).closest("li").next("div").toggle(); return false;'>on DOAJ</a> </li> <div id="AuthorDOAJExpand" style="display:none;"> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Nicol%C3%A1s%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Urtubia%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Muñoz-Urtubia, N.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Alejandro%20Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vega-Muñoz, A.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Guido%20Salazar-Sep%C3%BAlveda%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Salazar-Sepúlveda, G.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Nicol%C3%A1s%20Contreras-Barraza%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Contreras-Barraza, N.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Mar%C3%ADa%20Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mendoza-Muñoz, M.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Wladimir%20Ureta-Paredes%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ureta-Paredes, W.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Remik%20Carabantes-Silva%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Carabantes-Silva, R.</a> <li> </li> </ul> </div> <li> <a class="expand" onclick='$(this).closest("li").next("div").toggle(); return false;'>on Google Scholar</a> </li> <div id="AuthorGoogleExpand" style="display:none;"> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Urtubia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Muñoz-Urtubia, N.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Alejandro%20Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vega-Muñoz, A.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Guido%20Salazar-Sep%C3%BAlveda" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Salazar-Sepúlveda, G.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Contreras-Barraza" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Contreras-Barraza, N.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mendoza-Muñoz, M.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Wladimir%20Ureta-Paredes" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ureta-Paredes, W.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Remik%20Carabantes-Silva" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Carabantes-Silva, R.</a> <li> </li> </ul> </div> <li> <a class="expand" onclick='$(this).closest("li").next("div").toggle(); return false;'>on PubMed</a> </li> <div id="AuthorPubMedExpand" style="display:none;"> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Urtubia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Muñoz-Urtubia, N.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Alejandro%20Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vega-Muñoz, A.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Guido%20Salazar-Sep%C3%BAlveda" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Salazar-Sepúlveda, G.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Contreras-Barraza" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Contreras-Barraza, N.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Mar%C3%ADa%20Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mendoza-Muñoz, M.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Wladimir%20Ureta-Paredes" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ureta-Paredes, W.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Remik%20Carabantes-Silva" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Carabantes-Silva, R.</a> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <span style="display:none" id="scifeed_hidden_flag"></span> <span style="display:none" id="scifeed_subscribe_url">/ajax/scifeed/subscribe</span> </div> </div> <div class="content__container responsive-moving-container large medium active hidden" data-id="article-counters"> <div id="counts-wrapper" class="row generic-item no-border" data-equalizer> <div id="js-counts-wrapper__views" class="small-12 hide columns count-div-container"> <a href="#metrics" > <div class="count-div" data-equalizer-watch> <span class="name">Article Views</span> <span class="count view-number"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div id="js-counts-wrapper__citations" class="small-12 columns hide count-div-container"> <a href="#metrics" > <div class="count-div" data-equalizer-watch> <span class="name">Citations</span> <span class="count citations-number Var_ArticleMaxCitations">-</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container"> <div class="hide-small-down-initially"> <ul class="accordion accordion__menu" data-accordion data-options="multi_expand:true;toggleable: true"> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#table_of_contents" class="accordion__title">Table of Contents</a> <div id="table_of_contents" class="content active"> <div class="menu-caption" id="html-quick-links-title"></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div id="pbgrd-sky"></div> <script src="https://cdn.pbgrd.com/core-mdpi.js"></script> <style>.content__container { min-width: 300px; }</style>  </div> <div id="middle-column" class="content__column large-9 medium-9 small-12 columns end middle-bordered"> <div class="middle-column__help"> <div class="middle-column__help__fixed show-for-medium-up"> <span id="js-altmetrics-donut" href="#" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="display: none;"> <span data-badge-type='donut' class='altmetric-embed' data-doi='10.3390/jcm13237027'></span> <span>Altmetric</span> </span> <a href="#" class="UA_ShareButton" data-reveal-id="main-share-modal" title="Share"> <i class="material-icons">share</i> <span>Share</span> </a> <a href="#" data-reveal-id="main-help-modal" title="Help"> <i class="material-icons">announcement</i> <span>Help</span> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-reveal-id="cite-modal" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/cite" > <i class="material-icons">format_quote</i> <span>Cite</span> </a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com/discussion-groups/public/10.3390/jcm13237027?utm_source=mpdi.com&utm_medium=publication&utm_campaign=discuss_in_sciprofiles" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Discuss in Sciprofiles"> <i class="material-icons">question_answer</i> <span>Discuss in SciProfiles</span> </a> </div> <div id="main-help-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Need Help?</h2> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <h3>Support</h3> <p> Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/about/contactform" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Get Support </a> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <h3>Feedback</h3> <p> Please let us know what you think of our products and services. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/feedback/send" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Give Feedback </a> </div> <div class="small-6 columns end"> <h3>Information</h3> <p> Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/authors" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Get Information </a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="middle-column__main "> <div class="page-highlight"> <style type="text/css"> img.review-status { width: 30px; } </style> <div id="jmolModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal aria-labelledby="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <h2>JSmol Viewer</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns text-center"> <iframe style="width: 520px; height: 520px;" frameborder="0" id="jsmol-content"></iframe> <div class="content"></div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" id="abstract" class="abstract_div"> <div class="js-check-update-container"></div> <div class="html-content__container content__container content__container__combined-for-large__first" style="overflow: auto; position: inherit;"> <div class='html-profile-nav'> <div class='top-bar'> <div class='nav-sidebar-btn show-for-large-up' data-status='opened' > <i class='material-icons'>first_page</i> </div> <a id="js-button-download" class="button button--color-inversed" style="display: none;" href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/pdf?version=1732873073" data-name="Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2" data-journal="jcm"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> Download PDF </a> <div class='nav-btn'> <i class='material-icons'>settings</i> </div> <a href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/reprints" id="js-button-reprints" class="button button--color-inversed"> Order Article Reprints </a> </div> <div class='html-article-menu'> <div class='html-first-step row'> <div class='html-font-family large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns'> Font Type: </div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option"><i style='font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;' data-fontfamily='Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Arial</i></span> <span class="html-article-menu-option"><i style='font-family:Georgia1, Georgia, serif;' data-fontfamily='Georgia1, Georgia, serif'>Georgia</i></span> <span class="html-article-menu-option"><i style='font-family:Verdana, Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;' data-fontfamily='Verdana, Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif' >Verdana</i></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='html-font-resize large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns'>Font Size:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option a1" data-percent="100">Aa</span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a2" data-percent="120">Aa</span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a3" data-percent="160">Aa</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='row'> <div class='html-line-space large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns' >Line Spacing:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option a1" data-line-height="1.5em"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a2" data-line-height="1.8em"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a3" data-line-height="2.1em"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='html-column-width large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns' >Column Width:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option a1" data-column-width="20%"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a2" data-column-width="10%"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a3" data-column-width="0%"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-bg large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns'>Background:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <div class="html-article-menu-option html-nav-bg html-nav-bright" data-bg="bright"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> </div> <div class="html-article-menu-option html-nav-bg html-nav-dark" data-bg="dark"> <i class="fa fa-file-text-o"></i> </div> <div class="html-article-menu-option html-nav-bg html-nav-creme" data-bg="creme"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <article ><div class='html-article-content'> <span itemprop="publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"></span><span itemprop="url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027"></span> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <h1 class="title hypothesis_container" itemprop="name"> Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2 </h1> <div class="art-authors hypothesis_container"> by <span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13428219' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Nicolás Muñoz-Urtubia</div><div id="profile-card-drop13428219" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Nicolás Muñoz-Urtubia</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/3474153?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.com/scholars?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Urtubia" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Urtubia&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Urtubia" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div><div class="profile-card__biography"><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open"> Nicolás Muñoz-Urtubia is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Education Sciences of the Austral [...] </div><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed" style="display: none;"> Nicolás Muñoz-Urtubia is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Education Sciences of the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), where he has been working since 2023. He is currently pursuing a PhD at the University of Extremadura, Spain. He holds a Master's degree in Education from Universidad Austral de Chile and a Master's degree in Health Sciences from Universidad Finis Terrae, both in Chile. He has worked on projects related to physical literacy, the improvement of health, and physical education, and has contributed with publications in several academic journals. He has participated in various conferences and is an Active Member of the International Network of Researchers in Law and Society (RIIDS). At the university, he teaches subjects such as Physiology, Exercise Physiology, Motricity and Health, Introduction to Sports Training, Biomechanics, and Anatomy, all within the area called “Biohealth”. His research interests are focused on health and physical education, with a particular emphasis on children and youth. Keywords:physical literacy; health; physical education </div><div><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open'>Read more</a><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed' style="display: none;">Read less</a></div></div></div><sup> 1,2</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13428219" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#37185459531a54505e185b18525a565e5b1a474558435254435e585914070707000152075307060705075106530307070406550707070606030252025105520655075107530701030707530705"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-471X" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1739771134" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13428220' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Alejandro Vega-Muñoz</div><div id="profile-card-drop13428220" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/profiles/1106505/thumb/Alejandro_Vega-Muñoz.jpg" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Alejandro Vega-Muñoz</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/1106505?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.com/scholars?q=Alejandro%20Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Alejandro%20Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Alejandro%20Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div><div class="profile-card__biography"><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open"> Dr. Alejandro Vega-Muñoz is Associate Professor and Subdirector of Research and Doctoral Programs a [...] </div><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed" style="display: none;"> Dr. Alejandro Vega-Muñoz is Associate Professor and Subdirector of Research and Doctoral Programs at Universidad Central de Chile. He completed his PhD in Business Administration at the Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Spain. He directs and co-directs research projects in the field of education, behavior, and technology. He has published a hundred articles in several mainstream journals, and serves as a Member of the Chilean Society of Geographical Sciences. His teaching disciplines include Research Methods and Business and Management, and his interests include Human Behavioral Studies; Research, Development, and Innovation Management; and Research Methods in Interdisciplinary Social Sciences (Administration, Behavior, and Communication). </div><div><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open'>Read more</a><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed' style="display: none;">Read less</a></div></div></div><sup> 3,4</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13428220" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5d723e3339703e3a3472317238303c3431702d2f3229383e293432337e6d6d6d396b6c6d696d3f6d6d6d3b6d686c6e6d38693b6c6a6d696d6b6d6d6f6c6c696d6f6d696d3b6c686c6e6d6d6d39693b6d6f6d39"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-2044" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1739771134" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13428221' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda</div><div id="profile-card-drop13428221" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/profiles/1201564/thumb/Guido_Salazar-Sepúlveda.jpg" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/1201564?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.com/scholars?q=Guido%20Salazar-Sep%C3%BAlveda" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Guido%20Salazar-Sep%C3%BAlveda&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Guido%20Salazar-Sep%C3%BAlveda" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 5,6</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13428221" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ebc488858fc6888c82c487c48e868a8287c69b99849f8e889f828485c8dbdbdadfdddcdbdddb89dbddda8fdbdddaded9dcdad9dbdfdadfdbdfdfd2dbdfdb89"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-6869" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1739771134" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13428222' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Nicolás Contreras-Barraza</div><div id="profile-card-drop13428222" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Nicolás Contreras-Barraza</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/3798273?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.com/scholars?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Contreras-Barraza" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Contreras-Barraza&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20Contreras-Barraza" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 7,*</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13428222" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#c2eda1aca6efa1a5abedaeeda7afa3abaeefb2b0adb6a7a1b6abadace1f2f2f2f5f4a7f2a6f2f3f2f0f2a4f3a6f6f2f2a6f2f3f2f2f3a3f3a1f2a0f3a1f2a4f3a6f0a7f3a7f3a0f2a6f3faf6f2f2a6f2f0"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-4398" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1739771134" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13428223' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> María Mendoza-Muñoz</div><div id="profile-card-drop13428223" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/profiles/1006524/thumb/María_Mendoza-Muñoz.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">María Mendoza-Muñoz</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/1006524?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.com/scholars?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Mar%C3%ADa%20Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 8</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13428223" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#76591518125b15111f591a59131b171f1a5b060419021315021f1918554646461540124646464e4645464f46444741461546464412474e4645464e47434245464e4713"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9502-5486" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1739771134" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13428224' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Wladimir Ureta-Paredes</div><div id="profile-card-drop13428224" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Wladimir Ureta-Paredes</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/author/WFUyYlprMk85RUV6NEU3NVIzSEFDQjY3N2RjNFFHYnlBWXhGbXdDODNHYz0=?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.com/scholars?q=Wladimir%20Ureta-Paredes" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Wladimir%20Ureta-Paredes&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Wladimir%20Ureta-Paredes" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 9</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13428224" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e9c68a878dc48a8e80c685c68c84888085c4999b869d8c8a9d808687cad9d9d88bdeded8dfd8dad88cd888d88cd9dcdcd0d9dbd9dcd8dbd9dad8dfdaded888d88cd8d0d8dbd8dad9dbd8dddcd0d8ddd88b"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13428225' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Remik Carabantes-Silva</div><div id="profile-card-drop13428225" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Remik Carabantes-Silva</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/author/djNzUHNkKzVkazIxek9CeXAzYTRBbzlSNFl1NXpVRllKRGJuQ0Vtczgrdz0=?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.com/scholars?q=Remik%20Carabantes-Silva" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Remik%20Carabantes-Silva&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Remik%20Carabantes-Silva" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 10</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13428225" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d4fbb7bab0f9b7b3bdfbb8fbb1b9b5bdb8f9a4a6bba0b1b7a0bdbbbaf7e4e4e5e5e3e6e5e7e4e4e5e7e5e4e5e7e5b7e4e2e5e3e4e5e1b7e4e3e4e6e5e7e7e6e4e3e4e2e5e3e5b2e1b7e5e5e5b1"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a></span> </div> <div class="nrm"></div> <span style="display:block; height:6px;"></span> <div></div> <div style="margin: 5px 0 15px 0;" class="hypothesis_container"> <div class="art-affiliations"> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>1</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>2</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">International Graduate School, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>3</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>4</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>5</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>6</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción 4090940, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>7</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>8</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>9</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Departamento Provincial de Educación Santiago Sur, Ministerio de Educación, Santiago 8910132, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>10</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330383, Chile</div> </div> <div class="affiliation"> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>*</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name affiliation-name-extended">Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bib-identity" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <em>J. Clin. Med.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 7027; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027">https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027</a> </div> <div class="pubhistory" style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="display: inline-block">Submission received: 22 September 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Revised: 12 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Accepted: 19 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Published: 21 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Collection <a href=" /journal/jcm/topical_collections/Sedentary_Behavior_Chronic_Diseases ">Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Prevent Chronic Diseases</a>)<br/> </div> <div class="highlight-box1"> <div class="download"> <a class="button button--color-inversed button--drop-down" data-dropdown="drop-download-1526237" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526237" aria-expanded="false"> Download <i class="material-icons">keyboard_arrow_down</i> </a> <div id="drop-download-1526237" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--button" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <a class="UD_ArticlePDF" href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/pdf?version=1732873073" data-name="Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2" data-journal="jcm">Download PDF</a> <br/> <a id="js-pdf-with-cover-access-captcha" href="#" data-target="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/pdf-with-cover" class="accessCaptcha">Download PDF with Cover</a> <br/> <a id="js-xml-access-captcha" href="#" data-target="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/xml" class="accessCaptcha">Download XML</a> <br/> <a href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/epub" id="epub_link">Download Epub</a> <br/> <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-reveal-id="supplementaryModal">Download Supplementary Material</a> <br/> </div> <div class="js-browse-figures" style="display: inline-block;"> <a href="#" class="button button--color-inversed margin-bottom-10 openpopupgallery UI_BrowseArticleFigures" data-target='article-popup' data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/browse" >Browse Figure</a> </div> <div id="article-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"> <a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001.png?1732873211" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Relation between demographic variables and PL variables: (<b>a</b>) sex and motivation level, (<b>b</b>) nutritional category and motivation level, (<b>c</b>) age and knowledge level, and (<b>d</b>) age and nutritional category.</p> "> </a> </div> <a class="button button--color-inversed" href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/review_report">Review Reports</a> <a class="button button--color-inversed" href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/notes">Versions Notes</a> </div> </div> <div class="responsive-moving-container small hidden" data-id="article-counters" style="margin-top: 15px;"></div> <div class="html-dynamic"> <section> <div class="art-abstract art-abstract-new in-tab hypothesis_container"> <p> <div><section class="html-abstract" id="html-abstract"> <h2 id="html-abstract-title">Abstract</h2><b>:</b> <div class="html-p"><b>Objectives:</b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of physical literacy (PL) in school children (10 to 16 years) in Santiago, Chile, and to explore the relationship between PL and body mass index (BMI). In addition, gender and age differences were analyzed in relation to PL levels in a context where childhood obesity remains a public health challenge. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 439 students in grades 5–8 were assessed using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) questionnaire. Demographic variables (sex, age, and BMI) were correlated with levels of motivation to engage in physical activity and physical activity knowledge. Chi-square and effect size were applied. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed a significant correlation between motivation for physical activity and gender, with boys showing higher levels of motivation than girls (χ² = 12.403, <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.006). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and motivation (effect size = 0.198), suggesting that more motivated children tend to have a healthier BMI. Knowledge about physical activity increased with age (χ² = 60.460, <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001) but did not have a significant influence on BMI. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings highlight the need to design gender-specific interventions that enhance motivation as a key factor in promoting a healthy lifestyle and physical activity adherence. Public health strategies should include motivation-driven approaches to foster physical literacy and long-term engagement in physical activity, particularly for girls, to address pediatric health challenges in Chile. Public health policies should address these factors to improve pediatric health outcomes.</div> </section> <div id="html-keywords"> <div class="html-gwd-group"><div id="html-keywords-title">Keywords: </div><a href="/search?q=sport+sciences">sport sciences</a>; <a href="/search?q=physical+activity">physical activity</a>; <a href="/search?q=motivation">motivation</a>; <a href="/search?q=knowledge">knowledge</a>; <a href="/search?q=quality+education">quality education</a>; <a href="/search?q=behavioral+studies">behavioral studies</a></div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="hypothesis_container"> <ul class="menu html-nav" data-prev-node="#html-quick-links-title"> </ul> <div class="html-body"> <section id='sec1-jcm-13-07027' type='intro'><h2 data-nested='1'> 1. Introduction</h2><div class='html-p'>There is a consensus in the scientific community on the definition of Physical Literacy (PL), which is described as the physical ability, motivation, confidence, knowledge, and willingness to participate in physically active lifestyles, encompassing four domains: physical, psychological, social, and cognitive [<a href="#B1-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">1</a>,<a href="#B2-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">2</a>,<a href="#B3-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">3</a>,<a href="#B4-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">4</a>,<a href="#B5-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">5</a>]. It has been noted that the development of movement and sports skills encourages the adoption of more active and healthy behaviors, allowing a physically literate child to perform with ease and confidence in a variety of physically challenging situations, being able to react appropriately to a wide range of scenarios [<a href="#B1-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">1</a>,<a href="#B3-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">3</a>,<a href="#B6-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">6</a>,<a href="#B7-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">7</a>]. In contrast, those children who do not reach an adequate level of PL tend to avoid physical activity situations due to lack of confidence and motivation [<a href="#B8-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">8</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Internationally, PL has been recognized as crucial to physical education and public health, especially in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom, where research highlights its role in promoting active lifestyles and improving well-being [<a href="#B9-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">9</a>,<a href="#B10-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">10</a>]. Studies in these countries underline the importance of PL in engaging in physical activity throughout life [<a href="#B11-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">11</a>]. In these countries, education and public health policies have integrated PL into school curricula, highlighting its importance in both school and out-of-school contexts [<a href="#B3-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">3</a>,<a href="#B12-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">12</a>]. Research demonstrates that PL fosters lifelong engagement in physical activity and contributes significantly to physical and psychological well-being, creating a foundation for active lifestyles that persist throughout all stages of life [<a href="#B13-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">13</a>,<a href="#B14-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">14</a>]. This international emphasis on PL underscores the importance of examining its role in developing contexts such as Chile, where childhood obesity and low levels of physical activity present significant health challenges [<a href="#B15-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">15</a>,<a href="#B16-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">16</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>The PL construct can be addressed in both educational and extracurricular settings. Castelli and Centeio [<a href="#B17-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">17</a>] highlight that, within the educational context, curricula can support the development of PL in various ways, such as by distinguishing between structured, unstructured, or informal physical activities (such as recess) and through the teaching of physical activities enriched with academic content that integrates theoretical concepts and movement learning. Consequently, multiple investigations have explored the role of PL both in physical education classes [<a href="#B18-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">18</a>,<a href="#B19-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">19</a>,<a href="#B20-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">20</a>] and in activities performed outside school hours [<a href="#B21-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">21</a>,<a href="#B22-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">22</a>,<a href="#B23-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">23</a>]. The growing interest in PL and the benefits associated with its strengthening have prompted the development of assessment methods that facilitate its monitoring and control. An example of this is the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) [<a href="#B24-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">24</a>], one of the first tools created for this purpose, which began to be developed in 2009 in response to the need to obtain objective data on PL. This tool was designed to be valid, reliable, feasible, and informative, with the purpose of assessing PL in Canadian children, covering several domains, such as fundamental motor skills, physical activity behavior, physical fitness, and knowledge, as well as awareness and understanding. The CAPL-2 provides a valid and reliable assessment of several PL domains, allowing for standardized comparison</div><div class='html-p'>Not only does PL generate and encourage greater participation in physical activity and greater adherence to a healthy lifestyle, but it also has a significant impact on the overall health of individuals [<a href="#B25-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">25</a>]. An adequate level of PL is associated with a reduction in the prevalence of childhood obesity, because it promotes active behaviors and lifestyle, along with greater awareness and knowledge about the importance of performing and integrating the practice of regular physical activity into daily life [<a href="#B26-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">26</a>,<a href="#B27-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">27</a>]. The latter is particularly relevant, since childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes [<a href="#B28-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">28</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>PL contributes to the development of basic motor skills, which are fundamental during childhood, as these skills form the basis for participation in a wide range of physical activities throughout life [<a href="#B29-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">29</a>]. A study by Huang et al. [<a href="#B30-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">30</a>] indicated that children with a higher level of PL showed an improvement in basic motor skills, which in turn correlated with a higher rate of participation in physical activities and better overall physical fitness. From a health perspective, higher levels of PL are also related to improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health. Recent research suggests that physically literate children are at lower risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, due to their higher level of regular physical activity [<a href="#B31-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">31</a>,<a href="#B32-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">32</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Although PL has been extensively studied worldwide, evidence from Latin America remains limited, and the specific link between PL and BMI in this region has not been sufficiently explored [<a href="#B33-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">33</a>]. This study aims to address these gaps by establishing the levels of LP among primary school children in Santiago, Chile, and analyzing its relationship with BMI, providing crucial data for public health strategies [<a href="#B34-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">34</a>,<a href="#B35-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">35</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Finally, PL also has a positive impact on children’s mental health and psychological well-being, improving self-esteem and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, which contributes to an overall health status [<a href="#B36-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">36</a>,<a href="#B37-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">37</a>]. Due to the relevance of studying the development of PL, this study proposes as objectives (1) to establish the levels of PL in basic (primary) education children in Santiago, Chile, (2) to explore the relationship between PL and BMI in this Chilean population, and (3) to analyze the possible differences in PL levels according to the different BMI categories.</div><div class='html-p'>Consequently, correlational alternative hypotheses to theoretically and statistically evaluate aspects of this problem are proposed:</div><div class='html-p'><ul class='html-bullet'><li><div class='html-p'><b>H1.1:</b> <span class='html-italic'>Sex is not independent, or there is an association with the motivation level (MOTLEV).</span></div></li><li><div class='html-p'><b>H1.2:</b> <span class='html-italic'>Sex is not independent, or there is an association with the knowledge level (KNOLEV).</span></div></li><li><div class='html-p'><b>H2.1:</b> <span class='html-italic'>The nutritional category (NUTCAT) is not independent, or there is an association with the motivation level (MOTLEV).</span></div></li><li><div class='html-p'><b>H2.2:</b> <span class='html-italic'>The nutritional category (NUTCAT) is not independent, or there is an association with the knowledge level (KNOLEV).</span></div></li><li><div class='html-p'><b>H3.1:</b> <span class='html-italic'>Age is not independent, or there is an association with motivation level (MOTLEV).</span></div></li><li><div class='html-p'><b>H3.2:</b> <span class='html-italic'>Age is not independent, or there is an association with the knowledge level (KNOLEV).</span></div></li><li><div class='html-p'><b>H4.1:</b> <span class='html-italic'>Age is not independent, or there is an association with the nutritional category (NUTCAT).</span></div></li></ul></div></section><section id='sec2-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h2 data-nested='1'> 2. Materials and Methods</h2><div class='html-p'>To achieve our research objectives, we used the CAPL-2 questionary in Spanish (applying a semantic validation procedure by 10 Chilean primary students, conducted by 3 co-authors who validated the scale in Spain) [<a href="#B38-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">38</a>] and the BMI parameters (height and body weight; data detailed in <a href="#app1-jcm-13-07027" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a>). BMI was calculated from direct height and weight measurements. For the estimation of nutritional status, based on BMI, the ‘growth standards’ of the Chilean Ministry of Health [<a href="#B39-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">39</a>] were used, considering absolute ages from 10 to 16 years (in integer years). The surveyed population corresponds to 439 students from 5th to 8th grade of primary education from 4 socioeconomically equivalent (Middle Class) educational establishments in the Santiago Sur sector (Chile), 2 establishment cases in the El Bosque municipality, and 2 establishment cases in the La Cisterna municipality. All students present in class on the day of sampling were included, provided they had informed consent from their parents and personal informed assent, as indicated in the Institutional Review Board Statement declaration. The participating students’ characteristics are presented in <a href="#jcm-13-07027-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a>, by variables: sex (ordinal type), nutritional category (ordinal type), and age (scale type).</div><div class='html-p'>The results have been obtained from the CAPL-2 questionnaire [<a href="#B38-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">38</a>], complementing the results in older students according to the study of Blanchard et al. [<a href="#B40-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">40</a>], in relation to the level of motivation (MOTLEV) for physical activity and the level of knowledge (KNOLEV) about physical activity. Using SPSS software version 23 (IBM, New York, NY, USA), responses have been contrasted with the demographic variables (sex, nutritional category, and age) by means of a nonparametric statistical analysis of chi-squared test, determining the degree of dependence between two variables using a <span class='html-italic'>p</span>-value, whose acceptable significance is <0.050 and good significance is <0.010 [<a href="#B41-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">41</a>,<a href="#B42-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">42</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>We used the chi-square test in this research to assess the relationship between categorical variables, specifically demographic variables (such as sex, nutritional category, and age) and levels of motivation and knowledge about physical activity in Chilean children. This test is particularly suitable for our analysis because it allows us to identify whether there is a significant association between these categories, helping us quantify the magnitude of these associations and providing a solid statistical basis for interpreting the results and proposing specific interventions [<a href="#B43-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">43</a>]. For results with significance in the chi-squared test, the effect size sensitivity using G*Power version 3.1.9.7 is calculated (Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany), considering the following cut-off points for effect sizes: small = 0.1; medium = 0.3; and large = 0.5 [<a href="#B44-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">44</a>] (see <a href="#jcm-13-07027-t002" class="html-table">Table 2</a>).</div></section><section id='sec3-jcm-13-07027' type='results'><h2 data-nested='1'> 3. Results</h2><div class='html-p'>The results of the demographic variables regarding sex, nutritional category (NUTCAT), and age, were correlated with the motivation level (MOTLEV) for physical activity and the knowledge level (KNOLEV) about physical activity (see <a href="#jcm-13-07027-t003" class="html-table">Table 3</a>).</div><div class='html-p'>Therefore, in this case, motivation level correlates well with sex and acceptably with nutritional category, and knowledge level correlates well with age, although all of these have a small effect size. Additionally, nutritional category correlates acceptably with age (<span class='html-italic'>p</span>-value = 0.032; degree freedom = 12; and effect size = 0.245). All significant correlations can be seen in <a href="#jcm-13-07027-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>.</div><div class='html-p'><a href="#jcm-13-07027-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>a shows the sexual differences, to the detriment of the female gender, in motivation to participate in physical activities, where boys present higher levels of motivation to engage in physical activity compared to girls. <a href="#jcm-13-07027-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>b reveals that as nutritional category increases, motivation to engage in physical activity decreases, especially in students with higher BMI. Similarly, <a href="#jcm-13-07027-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>c illustrates how the level of knowledge about physical activity increases with age, reflecting greater knowledge in students with greater age, i.e., upper grades. In relation to the nutritional category, <a href="#jcm-13-07027-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>d indicates that being overweight is more prevalent as age increases, with an increase in the proportion of overweight children in the older age groups.</div></section><section id='sec4-jcm-13-07027' type='discussion'><h2 data-nested='1'> 4. Discussion</h2><div class='html-p'>The results of our study show different interesting dynamics in the relationship between physical literacy, BMI, and sociodemographic factors such as age and sex in children and adolescents who participated in the study. These findings are explored in detail below, organized into key points.</div><section id='sec4dot1-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.1. Relationship Between Age and BMI</h4><div class='html-p'>We observe that as children grow older, their BMI tends to increase. The global trend for childhood obesity continues to rise [<a href="#B45-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">45</a>]. This finding could be related to changes in lifestyle as age increases, which could be determined by the increase in high-calorie foods during adolescence [<a href="#B46-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">46</a>] and the decrease in physical activity during this same age, because children and adolescents decrease their rate of physical activity as they increase in age due to commitments related to increased academic difficulty along with increased screen time [<a href="#B47-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">47</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>In our study, this difference is appreciated as we observe the prevalence of an increase in BMI in older age groups, which is in line with what has been observed at the national level in Chile where the trend is towards increasing obesity. For example, in the 2016–2017 National Health Survey, almost 44% of children between 5 and 17 years old were identified as overweight or obese [<a href="#B48-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">48</a>]. This tendency is further emphasized by Chile’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents [<a href="#B49-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">49</a>], which highlights that Chilean youth tend to reduce their physical activity levels as they grow older, supporting the increasing trend of BMI as age increases in the pediatric population.</div><div class='html-p'>However, it is important to highlight that, in terms of nutritional categories by BMI, the youngest children in our study presented a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, despite evidence showing that BMI generally increases with age. This contrasts with national data [<a href="#B50-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">50</a>], which show that 5th graders present the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity.</div><div class='html-p'>These results highlight the need for age-specific interventions to address increasing BMI and promote active lifestyles in children. Programs such as those implemented in the United Kingdom [<a href="#B51-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">51</a>] and Australia [<a href="#B52-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">52</a>] have successfully used age-specific strategies to mitigate the increase in BMI by promoting physical activity and healthier eating habits. Similar approaches in Chile, adapted to different stages of development, could increase the impact and effectiveness of public health policies aimed at reversing childhood obesity trends.</div><div class='html-p'>It is also essential to note that BMI, while widely used, may not capture the full range of body composition changes, such as muscle mass or fat distribution, in children. Future research should consider additional indicators for a more comprehensive understanding [<a href="#B53-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">53</a>].</div></section><section id='sec4dot2-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.2. Motivation and Sex</h4><div class='html-p'>Motivation to participate in physical activity, on the other hand, is inversely related with sex, with most boys increasing or maintaining their motivation to engage in physical activity as they get older, unlike their female counterparts, among whom this trend was not evident. In this sense, and in view of the results, the need for specific interventions to address gender differences in motivation for physical activity, especially in girls and adolescents, is suggested [<a href="#B54-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">54</a>]. In this regard, Jekauc et al. [<a href="#B55-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">55</a>] found that gender differences in motivation for physical activity widen with age, with boys maintaining higher levels of motivation than girls throughout adolescence. At the same time, the 2018 National Survey of Physical Activity and Sports in Chile supports this observation, concluding that men tend to participate more in physical activities than women, especially during adolescence, which could suggest the presence of cultural and social barriers that could undermine women’s motivation to engage in physical activity [<a href="#B56-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">56</a>]. This pattern is also observed in Brazil, where studies such as Alemany’s [<a href="#B57-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">57</a>] show higher levels of motivation and participation in sports activities by boys than by girls. This disparity is attributed to social expectations and gender stereotypes that link physical activity with masculinity, which limits female participation in these areas.</div><div class='html-p'>Similarly, research conducted in Mexico [<a href="#B58-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">58</a>] reveals that girls are less likely to engage in physical activity due to the limited encouragement they receive from the family and school environments, both of which are shaped by gender norms that favor boys’ participation in sports.</div><div class='html-p'>Likewise, in the United States, girls encounter additional barriers to physical activity, such as body image concerns and lack of role models, which may decrease their motivation to be active [<a href="#B59-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">59</a>]. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that create supportive environments for girls, challenging gender stereotypes and fostering sustained motivation for physical activity in a variety of contexts.</div></section><section id='sec4dot3-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.3. Knowledge and Age</h4><div class='html-p'>Levels of knowledge about physical activity increase with age and are independent of sex. This increase may be related to prolonged exposure to the educational environment, where the benefits of physical activity are consistently promoted [<a href="#B60-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">60</a>]. Furthermore, as adolescents develop self-reflection and critical thinking skills, their ability to understand and analyze health concepts from a holistic perspective also increases, fostering a more complex and comprehensive understanding of the benefits of physical activity [<a href="#B61-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">61</a>]. This cognitive development allows them to critically engage with health messages, transforming information into meaningful insights. In this context, educational factors such as curriculum structure and targeted health education programs play a fundamental role in reinforcing physical literacy concepts and contributing to cumulative knowledge over time [<a href="#B62-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">62</a>,<a href="#B63-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">63</a>]. This finding aligns with the conceptualization of physical literacy as a progressive journey across the lifespan, where knowledge accumulates over time and experience [<a href="#B64-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">64</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Both The National Health Survey 2016–2017 [<a href="#B48-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">48</a>] and “Chile’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents” [<a href="#B49-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">49</a>] have reported an increasing awareness of the importance of physical activity in Chile. However, this knowledge does not always translate into healthy practices, supporting our observation that knowledge alone does not directly influence the nutritional category. One explanation may be that, although knowledge provides a basis, turning awareness into action requires intrinsic motivation together with a supportive social environment. In this sense, Bandura [<a href="#B65-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">65</a>] explains that social support and positive reinforcement play a determining role in the adoption and maintenance of behaviors, including health-oriented behaviors. In this sense, Bailey et al. [<a href="#B66-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">66</a>] highlight that, although knowledge is an essential component of physical literacy, its impact on healthy behavior is mediated by motivation and the social environment.</div><div class='html-p'>Therefore, interventions aimed at improving physical literacy should not only focus on knowledge acquisition but should also integrate strategies to foster intrinsic motivation and a supportive social context [<a href="#B67-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">67</a>]. For example, incorporating goal-setting and self-efficacy exercises could actively engage adolescents, while linking family and community support could reinforce healthy behaviors in younger children [<a href="#B68-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">68</a>]. These approaches could help bridge the gap between knowledge and behavior, ensuring that the benefits of physical literacy translate into lasting, lifelong healthy habits [<a href="#B69-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">69</a>].</div></section><section id='sec4dot4-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.4. Relationship Between Motivation and Nutritional Category</h4><div class='html-p'>The inverse relationship found between motivation for physical activity and BMI suggests that more motivated children tend to have a BMI closer to that expected for their age and height. This finding underscores the importance of motivation as a key factor in promoting a healthy weight and lifestyle, highlighting the need to foster a culture that motivates children and adolescents to be active [<a href="#B70-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">70</a>]. Owen et al. [<a href="#B71-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">71</a>] found that intrinsic motivation to engage in physical activity is associated with greater adherence to a healthy lifestyle and, therefore, a lower incidence of obesity and overweight in adolescents.</div></section><section id='sec4dot5-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.5. Knowledge and Nutritional Status</h4><div class='html-p'>Interestingly, we did not find a significant relationship between knowledge level and nutritional category. This suggests that, although knowledge about the benefits of regular physical activity is important, it is not sufficient by itself to influence behaviors that affect BMI [<a href="#B72-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">72</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>This finding could be explained by the fact that knowledge is not always translated into action. Psychosocial factors such as family context, the availability of healthy foods, and the social and cultural environment may play a determinant role in nutritional decisions [<a href="#B65-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">65</a>,<a href="#B66-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">66</a>,<a href="#B73-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">73</a>]. Similarly, the lack of practical skills to apply this knowledge in daily life could limit its impact on nutritional status, creating a gap between theory and daily choices [<a href="#B74-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">74</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Likewise, it supports the idea that, although knowledge about physical activity is included within the concept of physical literacy, its influence on health will also depend on motivational and behavioral factors that need to be addressed in a comprehensive manner [<a href="#B75-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">75</a>]. Along these lines, the suggestion is that physical activity and healthy lifestyle education should be accompanied by motivational strategies that foster a supportive environment to ensure the effectiveness of interventions [<a href="#B69-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">69</a>,<a href="#B76-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">76</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Likewise, improvement in physical literacy levels also requires improvements in nutritional labeling [<a href="#B77-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">77</a>] so that children and adolescents can make informed decisions about their own nutrition. Muñoz et al. [<a href="#B78-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">78</a>] in their study on the influence of body composition on physical literacy in Spanish children highlights that a higher percentage of fat mass is associated with lower levels of physical competence, which in turn could be linked to increased consumption of junk food and energy drinks as children get older [<a href="#B46-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">46</a>,<a href="#B77-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">77</a>].</div></section><section id='sec4dot6-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.6. Implications for Public Health</h4><div class='html-p'>The results of our study, together with data from national surveys, underscore the importance of public health policies that address both education and motivation for physical activity, that is, physical literacy as a whole [<a href="#B79-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">79</a>]. For their part, the results of the 2016–2017 National Health Survey and Chile’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents highlight the urgent need to intervene early in life to reverse the increasing trends of overweight and obesity, which reinforces the relevance of our findings in the Chilean context [<a href="#B48-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">48</a>,<a href="#B49-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">49</a>]. Specific recommendations based on our findings include the development of school-based physical education programs that promote practical skills and intrinsic motivation, both tailored to the needs of different age groups. Age-specific interventions have been shown to be particularly effective in improving physical literacy and supporting long-term healthy behaviors in children and adolescents [<a href="#B80-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">80</a>]. Primary programs could focus on basic movement skills, while secondary programs could emphasize personal goal setting and self-management [<a href="#B81-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">81</a>,<a href="#B82-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">82</a>]. Interventions should be specific for each age group and sex, considering the barriers and motivations of each subgroup to maximize their effectiveness [<a href="#B83-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">83</a>,<a href="#B84-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">84</a>]. Due to the observed motivational differences between males and females, policies should also aim to reduce gender disparities in physical activity participation by creating supportive and inclusive environments specifically for girls [<a href="#B85-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">85</a>].</div></section><section id='sec4dot7-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.7. Considerations for Future Research</h4><div class='html-p'>Future research should consider confounding variables like socioeconomic status, access to nutrition, and parental support, as these factors can influence BMI and add context to the relationship between age and BMI [<a href="#B86-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">86</a>,<a href="#B87-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">87</a>]. Including additional body composition indicators, such as waist-to-height ratio [<a href="#B88-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">88</a>] or bioelectrical impedance analysis [<a href="#B89-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">89</a>], can provide a more nuanced understanding of body composition changes that BMI alone cannot capture, particularly in differentiating fat distribution and lean mass. Longitudinal designs exploring motivation and social support across different ages and genders would further refine understanding and enhance public health interventions for young populations [<a href="#B90-jcm-13-07027" class="html-bibr">90</a>].</div></section></section><section id='sec5-jcm-13-07027' type='conclusions'><h2 data-nested='1'> 5. Conclusions</h2><div class='html-p'>Our study provides information on the relationships between physical literacy, BMI, age, and gender in Chilean youth. While BMI tends to increase with age, the reasons behind this trend, potentially including lifestyle changes, are complex and require further exploration. Knowledge about physical activity also increases with age but does not seem sufficient on its own to positively influence BMI, and it is likely that motivation, which is generally higher in males, plays a more crucial role. These results suggest the value of age- and sex-specific programs to effectively promote physical literacy in the child and youth population.</div><div class='html-p'>The results demonstrate practical implications for educators, health professionals, and policy makers to support active and informed lifestyles in young populations. Future research could examine broader sociodemographic influences, such as socioeconomic status, and include additional measures of body composition to improve intervention strategies.</div></section> </div> <div class="html-back"> <section><section id='app1-jcm-13-07027' type=''><h2 data-nested='1'> Supplementary Materials</h2><div class='html-p'>The following supporting information can be downloaded at: <a href='https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/jcm13237027/s1' target='_blank' rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/jcm13237027/s1</a>, Table S1: PLBM_v02.csv.</div></section></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Author Contributions</h2><div class='html-p'>Conceptualization, N.M.-U. and A.V.-M.; methodology, A.V.-M.; validation, N.C.-B. and G.S.-S.; formal analysis, N.M.-U., A.V.-M., N.C.-B. and G.S.-S.; investigation, W.U.-P., N.M.-U. and A.V.-M.; resources, M.M.-M.; data curation, N.M.-U., A.V.-M. and G.S.-S.; writing—original draft preparation, N.M.-U. and G.S.-S.; writing—review and editing, N.M.-U., R.C.-S. and A.V.-M.; visualization, R.C.-S. and A.V.-M.; supervision, M.M.-M.; project administration, A.V.-M.; funding acquisition, R.C.-S., A.V.-M., N.C.-B. and G.S.-S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2>Funding</h2><div class='html-p'>The Article Processing Charge (APC) was partially funded by Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Code: APC2024). Additionally, the publication fee (APC) was partially financed through the Publication Incentive Fund, 2024, by the Universidad Central de Chile (Code: APC2024), Universidad Arturo Prat (Code: APC2024), Universidad de Las Americas (Code: APC2024), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Code: APC2024), and Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (Code: APC2024).</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Institutional Review Board Statement</h2><div class='html-p'>The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Bioethics and Biosafety Committee of Universidad de Extremadura (Register Number 152/2022, 28 September 2022).</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Informed Consent Statement</h2><div class='html-p'>Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Data Availability Statement</h2><div class='html-p'>The data are original and were delivered with the article as <a href="#app1-jcm-13-07027" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a> (PLBM_v02.csv). </div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Conflicts of Interest</h2><div class='html-p'>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</div></section><section id='html-references_list'><h2>References</h2><ol class='html-xx'><li id='B1-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='1.'>De Balazs, A.C.R.; de D’Amico, R.L.; Cedeño, J.J.M. Alfabetización física: Una percepción reflexiva. <span class='html-italic'>Dialógica Rev. Multidiscip.</span> <b>2017</b>, <span class='html-italic'>14</span>, 87–102. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Alfabetizaci%C3%B3n+f%C3%ADsica:+Una+percepci%C3%B3n+reflexiva&author=De+Balazs,+A.C.R.&author=de+D%E2%80%99Amico,+R.L.&author=Cede%C3%B1o,+J.J.M.&publication_year=2017&journal=Dial%C3%B3gica+Rev.+Multidiscip.&volume=14&pages=87%E2%80%93102" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B2-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='2.'>Whitehead, M. Definition of physical literacy and clarification of related issues. <span class='html-italic'>ICSSPE Bull. J. Sport Sci. Phys. Educ.</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>65</span>, 72–79. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Definition+of+physical+literacy+and+clarification+of+related+issues&author=Whitehead,+M.&publication_year=2013&journal=ICSSPE+Bull.+J.+Sport+Sci.+Phys.+Educ.&volume=65&pages=72%E2%80%9379" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B3-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='3.'>Whitehead, M. <span class='html-italic'>Physical Literacy: Throughout the Lifecourse</span>; Routledge: London, UK, 2010; Available online: <a href="https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9780203881903&type=googlepdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9780203881903&type=googlepdf</a> (accessed on 6 August 2024).</li><li id='B4-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='4.'>Durden-Myers, E.J. Advancing physical literacy research in children. <span class='html-italic'>Children</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>11</span>, 702. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Advancing+physical+literacy+research+in+children&author=Durden-Myers,+E.J.&publication_year=2024&journal=Children&volume=11&pages=702&doi=10.3390/children11060702&pmid=38929281" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060702" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38929281" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B5-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='5.'>Rajkovic Vuletic, P.; Gilic, B.; Zenic, N.; Pavlinovic, V.; Kesic, M.G.; Idrizovic, K.; Sunda, M.; Manojlovic, M.; Sekulic, D. Analyzing the associations between facets of physical literacy, physical fitness, and physical activity levels: Gender- and age-specific cross-sectional study in preadolescent children. <span class='html-italic'>Educ. Sci.</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>14</span>, 391. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Analyzing+the+associations+between+facets+of+physical+literacy,+physical+fitness,+and+physical+activity+levels:+Gender-+and+age-specific+cross-sectional+study+in+preadolescent+children&author=Rajkovic+Vuletic,+P.&author=Gilic,+B.&author=Zenic,+N.&author=Pavlinovic,+V.&author=Kesic,+M.G.&author=Idrizovic,+K.&author=Sunda,+M.&author=Manojlovic,+M.&author=Sekulic,+D.&publication_year=2024&journal=Educ.+Sci.&volume=14&pages=391&doi=10.3390/educsci14040391" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040391" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B6-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='6.'>Urbano-Mairena, J.; Mendoza-Muñoz, M.; Carlos-Vivas, J.; Pastor-Cisneros, R.; Castillo-Paredes, A.; Rodal, M.; Muñoz-Bermejo, L. Role of satisfaction with life, sex and body mass index in physical literacy of Spanish children. <span class='html-italic'>Children</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>11</span>, 181. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Role+of+satisfaction+with+life,+sex+and+body+mass+index+in+physical+literacy+of+Spanish+children&author=Urbano-Mairena,+J.&author=Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz,+M.&author=Carlos-Vivas,+J.&author=Pastor-Cisneros,+R.&author=Castillo-Paredes,+A.&author=Rodal,+M.&author=Mu%C3%B1oz-Bermejo,+L.&publication_year=2024&journal=Children&volume=11&pages=181&doi=10.3390/children11020181" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/children11020181" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B7-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='7.'>Meng, H.; Tang, X.; Qiao, J.; Wang, H. Unlocking resilience: How physical literacy impacts psychological well-being among quarantined researchers. <span class='html-italic'>Healthcare</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>11</span>, 2972. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Unlocking+resilience:+How+physical+literacy+impacts+psychological+well-being+among+quarantined+researchers&author=Meng,+H.&author=Tang,+X.&author=Qiao,+J.&author=Wang,+H.&publication_year=2023&journal=Healthcare&volume=11&pages=2972&doi=10.3390/healthcare11222972" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11222972" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B8-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='8.'>Tremblay, M.S.; Longmuir, P.E.; Barnes, J.D.; Belanger, K.; Anderson, K.D.; Bruner, B.; Copeland, J.L.; Nyström, C.D.; Gregg, M.J.; Hall, N.; et al. Physical literacy levels of Canadian children aged 8–12 years: Descriptive and normative results from the RBC Learn to Play–CAPL project. <span class='html-italic'>BMC Public Health</span> <b>2018</b>, <span class='html-italic'>18</span>, 1036. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy+levels+of+Canadian+children+aged+8%E2%80%9312+years:+Descriptive+and+normative+results+from+the+RBC+Learn+to+Play%E2%80%93CAPL+project&author=Tremblay,+M.S.&author=Longmuir,+P.E.&author=Barnes,+J.D.&author=Belanger,+K.&author=Anderson,+K.D.&author=Bruner,+B.&author=Copeland,+J.L.&author=Nystr%C3%B6m,+C.D.&author=Gregg,+M.J.&author=Hall,+N.&publication_year=2018&journal=BMC+Public+Health&volume=18&pages=1036&doi=10.1186/s12889-018-5891-x" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5891-x" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B9-jcm-13-07027' class='html-x' data-content='9.'>Tremblay, M.S.; Costas-Bradstreet, C.; Barnes, J.D.; Bartlett, B.; Dampier, D.; Lalonde, C.; Leidl, R.; Longmuir, P.; McKee, M.; Poon, C.; et al. Canada’s Physical Literacy Consensus Statement: Process and outcome. <span class='html-italic'>BMC Public Health</span> <b>2018</b>, <span class='html-italic'>18</span> (Suppl. S2), 1034. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Canada%E2%80%99s+Physical+Literacy+Consensus+Statement:+Process+and+outcome&author=Tremblay,+M.S.&author=Costas-Bradstreet,+C.&author=Barnes,+J.D.&author=Bartlett,+B.&author=Dampier,+D.&author=Lalonde,+C.&author=Leidl,+R.&author=Longmuir,+P.&author=McKee,+M.&author=Poon,+C.&publication_year=2018&journal=BMC+Public+Health&volume=18&pages=1034&doi=10.1186/s12889-018-5903-x" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5903-x" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B10-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='10.'>Carl, J.; Mazzoli, E.; Mouton, A.; Sum, R.K.W.; Singh, A.; Niederberger, M.; Martins, J.; Kriellaars, D.; Green, N.; Elsborg, P.; et al. Development of a Global Physical Literacy (GloPL) Action Framework: Study protocol for a consensus process. <span class='html-italic'>PLoS ONE</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>19</span>, e0307000. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Development+of+a+Global+Physical+Literacy+(GloPL)+Action+Framework:+Study+protocol+for+a+consensus+process&author=Carl,+J.&author=Mazzoli,+E.&author=Mouton,+A.&author=Sum,+R.K.W.&author=Singh,+A.&author=Niederberger,+M.&author=Martins,+J.&author=Kriellaars,+D.&author=Green,+N.&author=Elsborg,+P.&publication_year=2024&journal=PLoS+ONE&volume=19&pages=e0307000&doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0307000" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307000" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B11-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='11.'>Giblin, S.; Collins, D.; Button, C. Physical Literacy: Importance, Assessment and Future Directions. <span class='html-italic'>Sports Med.</span> <b>2014</b>, <span class='html-italic'>44</span>, 1177–1184. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+Literacy:+Importance,+Assessment+and+Future+Directions&author=Giblin,+S.&author=Collins,+D.&author=Button,+C.&publication_year=2014&journal=Sports+Med.&volume=44&pages=1177%E2%80%931184&doi=10.1007/s40279-014-0205-7" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0205-7" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B12-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='12.'>Tremblay, M.S.; Lloyd, M. Physical literacy measurement–the missing piece. <span class='html-italic'>Phys. Health Educ. J.</span> <b>2010</b>, <span class='html-italic'>76</span>, 26–30. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy+measurement%E2%80%93the+missing+piece&author=Tremblay,+M.S.&author=Lloyd,+M.&publication_year=2010&journal=Phys.+Health+Educ.+J.&volume=76&pages=26%E2%80%9330" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B13-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='13.'>Shearer, C.; Goss, H.R.; Edwards, L.C.; Keegan, R.J.; Morgan, K.; Jones, A.M. How is physical literacy defined? A contemporary update. <span class='html-italic'>J. Teach. Phys. Educ.</span> <b>2018</b>, <span class='html-italic'>37</span>, 237–245. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=How+is+physical+literacy+defined?+A+contemporary+update&author=Shearer,+C.&author=Goss,+H.R.&author=Edwards,+L.C.&author=Keegan,+R.J.&author=Morgan,+K.&author=Jones,+A.M.&publication_year=2018&journal=J.+Teach.+Phys.+Educ.&volume=37&pages=237%E2%80%93245&doi=10.1123/jtpe.2018-0136" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0136" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B14-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='14.'>Edwards, L.C.; Bryant, A.S.; Keegan, R.J.; Morgan, K.; Jones, A.M. Definitions, foundations and associations of physical literacy: A systematic review. <span class='html-italic'>Sports Med.</span> <b>2017</b>, <span class='html-italic'>47</span>, 113–126. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Definitions,+foundations+and+associations+of+physical+literacy:+A+systematic+review&author=Edwards,+L.C.&author=Bryant,+A.S.&author=Keegan,+R.J.&author=Morgan,+K.&author=Jones,+A.M.&publication_year=2017&journal=Sports+Med.&volume=47&pages=113%E2%80%93126&doi=10.1007/s40279-016-0560-7&pmid=27365029" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0560-7" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27365029" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B15-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='15.'>Kohl, H.W., III; Craig, C.L.; Lambert, E.V.; Inoue, S.; Alkandari, J.R.; Leetongin, G.; Kahlmeier, S.; for the Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for public health. <span class='html-italic'>Lancet</span> <b>2012</b>, <span class='html-italic'>380</span>, 294–305. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+pandemic+of+physical+inactivity:+Global+action+for+public+health&author=Kohl,+H.W.,+III&author=Craig,+C.L.&author=Lambert,+E.V.&author=Inoue,+S.&author=Alkandari,+J.R.&author=Leetongin,+G.&author=Kahlmeier,+S.&author=for+the+Lancet+Physical+Activity+Series+Working+Group&publication_year=2012&journal=Lancet&volume=380&pages=294%E2%80%93305&doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B16-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='16.'>Vio, F. ¿Por qué la obesidad infantil continúa aumentando en Chile? <span class='html-italic'>Rev. Médica Chile</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>151</span>, 8. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%C2%BFPor+qu%C3%A9+la+obesidad+infantil+contin%C3%BAa+aumentando+en+Chile?&author=Vio,+F.&publication_year=2023&journal=Rev.+M%C3%A9dica+Chile&volume=151&pages=8&doi=10.4067/s0034-98872023000801103" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872023000801103" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B17-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='17.'>Castelli, D.M.; Centeio, E.E.; Beighle, A.E.; Carson, R.L.; Nicksic, H.M. Physical literacy and comprehensive school physical activity programs. <span class='html-italic'>Prev. Med.</span> <b>2014</b>, <span class='html-italic'>66</span>, 95–100. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy+and+comprehensive+school+physical+activity+programs&author=Castelli,+D.M.&author=Centeio,+E.E.&author=Beighle,+A.E.&author=Carson,+R.L.&author=Nicksic,+H.M.&publication_year=2014&journal=Prev.+Med.&volume=66&pages=95%E2%80%93100&doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.007" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.007" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B18-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='18.'>Coyne, P.; Vandenborn, E.; Santarossa, S.; Milne, M.M.; Milne, K.J.; Woodruff, S. Physical literacy improves with the Run Jump Throw Wheel program among students in grades 4–6 in southwestern Ontario. <span class='html-italic'>Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>44</span>, 645–649. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy+improves+with+the+Run+Jump+Throw+Wheel+program+among+students+in+grades+4%E2%80%936+in+southwestern+Ontario&author=Coyne,+P.&author=Vandenborn,+E.&author=Santarossa,+S.&author=Milne,+M.M.&author=Milne,+K.J.&author=Woodruff,+S.&publication_year=2019&journal=Appl.+Physiol.+Nutr.+Metab.&volume=44&pages=645%E2%80%93649&doi=10.1139/apnm-2018-0495" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0495" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B19-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='19.'>Kriellaars, D.J.; Cairney, J.; Bortoleto, M.A.; Kiez, T.K.; Dudley, D.; Aubertin, P. The impact of circus arts instruction in physical education on the physical literacy of children in grades 4 and 5. <span class='html-italic'>J. Teach. Phys. Educ.</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>38</span>, 162–170. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+impact+of+circus+arts+instruction+in+physical+education+on+the+physical+literacy+of+children+in+grades+4+and+5&author=Kriellaars,+D.J.&author=Cairney,+J.&author=Bortoleto,+M.A.&author=Kiez,+T.K.&author=Dudley,+D.&author=Aubertin,+P.&publication_year=2019&journal=J.+Teach.+Phys.+Educ.&volume=38&pages=162%E2%80%93170&doi=10.1123/jtpe.2018-0269" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0269" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B20-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='20.'>Gilic, B.; Sunda, M.; Versic, S.; Modric, T.; Olujic, D.; Sekulic, D. Effectiveness of physical-literacy-based online education on indices of physical fitness in high-school adolescents: Intervention study during the COVID-19 pandemic period. <span class='html-italic'>Children</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>10</span>, 1666. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effectiveness+of+physical-literacy-based+online+education+on+indices+of+physical+fitness+in+high-school+adolescents:+Intervention+study+during+the+COVID-19+pandemic+period&author=Gilic,+B.&author=Sunda,+M.&author=Versic,+S.&author=Modric,+T.&author=Olujic,+D.&author=Sekulic,+D.&publication_year=2023&journal=Children&volume=10&pages=1666&doi=10.3390/children10101666" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101666" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B21-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='21.'>Bremer, E.; Graham, J.D.; Cairney, J. Outcomes and feasibility of a 12-week physical literacy intervention for children in an afterschool program. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</span> <b>2020</b>, <span class='html-italic'>17</span>, 3129. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Outcomes+and+feasibility+of+a+12-week+physical+literacy+intervention+for+children+in+an+afterschool+program&author=Bremer,+E.&author=Graham,+J.D.&author=Cairney,+J.&publication_year=2020&journal=Int.+J.+Environ.+Res.+Public+Health&volume=17&pages=3129&doi=10.3390/ijerph17093129" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093129" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B22-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='22.'>Mandigo, J.; Lodewyk, K.; Tredway, J. Examining the impact of a teaching games for understanding approach on the development of physical literacy using the Passport for Life assessment tool. <span class='html-italic'>J. Teach. Phys. Educ.</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>38</span>, 136–145. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Examining+the+impact+of+a+teaching+games+for+understanding+approach+on+the+development+of+physical+literacy+using+the+Passport+for+Life+assessment+tool&author=Mandigo,+J.&author=Lodewyk,+K.&author=Tredway,+J.&publication_year=2019&journal=J.+Teach.+Phys.+Educ.&volume=38&pages=136%E2%80%93145&doi=10.1123/jtpe.2018-0028" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0028" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B23-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='23.'>Hebinck, M.; Pelletier, R.; Labbé, M.; Best, K.L.; Robert, M.T. Exploring knowledge of the concept of physical literacy among rehabilitation professionals, students and coaches practicing in a pediatric setting. <span class='html-italic'>Disabilities</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>3</span>, 493–506. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Exploring+knowledge+of+the+concept+of+physical+literacy+among+rehabilitation+professionals,+students+and+coaches+practicing+in+a+pediatric+setting&author=Hebinck,+M.&author=Pelletier,+R.&author=Labb%C3%A9,+M.&author=Best,+K.L.&author=Robert,+M.T.&publication_year=2023&journal=Disabilities&volume=3&pages=493%E2%80%93506&doi=10.3390/disabilities3040031" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities3040031" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B24-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='24.'>Longmuir, P.E.; Boyer, C.; Lloyd, M.; Yang, Y.; Boiarskaia, E.; Zhu, W.; Tremblay, M.S. The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy: Methods for children in grades 4 to 6 (8 to 12 years). <span class='html-italic'>BMC Public Health</span> <b>2015</b>, <span class='html-italic'>15</span>, 767. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Canadian+Assessment+of+Physical+Literacy:+Methods+for+children+in+grades+4+to+6+(8+to+12+years)&author=Longmuir,+P.E.&author=Boyer,+C.&author=Lloyd,+M.&author=Yang,+Y.&author=Boiarskaia,+E.&author=Zhu,+W.&author=Tremblay,+M.S.&publication_year=2015&journal=BMC+Public+Health&volume=15&pages=767&doi=10.1186/s12889-015-2106-6&pmid=26260572" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2106-6" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26260572" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B25-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='25.'>Caldwell, H.A.T.; Di Cristofaro, N.A.; Cairney, J.; Bray, S.R.; MacDonald, M.J.; Timmons, B.W. Physical literacy, physical activity, and health indicators in school-age children. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</span> <b>2020</b>, <span class='html-italic'>17</span>, 5367. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy,+physical+activity,+and+health+indicators+in+school-age+children&author=Caldwell,+H.A.T.&author=Di+Cristofaro,+N.A.&author=Cairney,+J.&author=Bray,+S.R.&author=MacDonald,+M.J.&author=Timmons,+B.W.&publication_year=2020&journal=Int.+J.+Environ.+Res.+Public+Health&volume=17&pages=5367&doi=10.3390/ijerph17155367&pmid=32722472" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155367" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722472" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B26-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='26.'>Smith, J.J.; Eather, N.; Weaver, R.G.; Riley, N.; Beets, M.W.; Lubans, D.R. Behavioral correlates of muscular fitness in children and adolescents: A systematic review. <span class='html-italic'>Sports Med.</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>49</span>, 887–904. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Behavioral+correlates+of+muscular+fitness+in+children+and+adolescents:+A+systematic+review&author=Smith,+J.J.&author=Eather,+N.&author=Weaver,+R.G.&author=Riley,+N.&author=Beets,+M.W.&author=Lubans,+D.R.&publication_year=2019&journal=Sports+Med.&volume=49&pages=887%E2%80%93904&doi=10.1007/s40279-019-01089-7" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01089-7" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B27-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='27.'>Tomkinson, G.R.; Lang, J.J.; Tremblay, M.S. Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents representing 19 high-income and upper-middle-income countries between 1981 and 2014. <span class='html-italic'>Br. J. Sports Med.</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>53</span>, 478–486. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Temporal+trends+in+the+cardiorespiratory+fitness+of+children+and+adolescents+representing+19+high-income+and+upper-middle-income+countries+between+1981+and+2014&author=Tomkinson,+G.R.&author=Lang,+J.J.&author=Tremblay,+M.S.&publication_year=2019&journal=Br.+J.+Sports+Med.&volume=53&pages=478%E2%80%93486&doi=10.1136/bjsports-2017-097982" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097982" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B28-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='28.'>Goran, M.I.; Dumke, K.; Bouret, S.G.; Kayser, B.; Walker, R.W.; Blumberg, B. The obesogenic effect of high fructose exposure during early development. <span class='html-italic'>Nat. Rev. Endocrinol.</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>9</span>, 494–500. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+obesogenic+effect+of+high+fructose+exposure+during+early+development&author=Goran,+M.I.&author=Dumke,+K.&author=Bouret,+S.G.&author=Kayser,+B.&author=Walker,+R.W.&author=Blumberg,+B.&publication_year=2013&journal=Nat.+Rev.+Endocrinol.&volume=9&pages=494%E2%80%93500&doi=10.1038/nrendo.2013.108" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2013.108" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B29-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='29.'>Robinson, L.E.; Stodden, D.F.; Barnett, L.M.; Lopes, V.P.; Logan, S.W.; Rodrigues, L.P.; D’Hondt, E. Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. <span class='html-italic'>Sports Med.</span> <b>2015</b>, <span class='html-italic'>45</span>, 1273–1284. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Motor+competence+and+its+effect+on+positive+developmental+trajectories+of+health&author=Robinson,+L.E.&author=Stodden,+D.F.&author=Barnett,+L.M.&author=Lopes,+V.P.&author=Logan,+S.W.&author=Rodrigues,+L.P.&author=D%E2%80%99Hondt,+E.&publication_year=2015&journal=Sports+Med.&volume=45&pages=1273%E2%80%931284&doi=10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B30-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='30.'>Öztürk, Ö.; Aydoğdu, O.; Yıkılmaz, S.K.; Feyzioğlu, Ö.; Pişirici, P. Physical literacy as a determinant of physical activity level among late adolescents. <span class='html-italic'>PLoS ONE</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>18</span>, e0285032. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy+as+a+determinant+of+physical+activity+level+among+late+adolescents&author=%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk,+%C3%96.&author=Aydo%C4%9Fdu,+O.&author=Y%C4%B1k%C4%B1lmaz,+S.K.&author=Feyzio%C4%9Flu,+%C3%96.&author=Pi%C5%9Firici,+P.&publication_year=2023&journal=PLoS+ONE&volume=18&pages=e0285032&doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0285032" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285032" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B31-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='31.'>Eisenmann, J.C. Aerobic fitness, fatness and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. <span class='html-italic'>Acta Paediatr.</span> <b>2007</b>, <span class='html-italic'>96</span>, 1723–1729. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Aerobic+fitness,+fatness+and+the+metabolic+syndrome+in+children+and+adolescents&author=Eisenmann,+J.C.&publication_year=2007&journal=Acta+Paediatr.&volume=96&pages=1723%E2%80%931729&doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00534.x" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00534.x" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B32-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='32.'>Katzmarzyk, P.T.; Barreira, T.V.; Broyles, S.T.; Chaput, J.P.; Fogelholm, M.; Hu, G.; Johnson, W.D.; Kuriyan, R.; Kurpad, A.; Lambert, E.V.; et al. Physical activity, sedentary time, and obesity in an international sample of children. <span class='html-italic'>Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.</span> <b>2015</b>, <span class='html-italic'>47</span>, 2062–2069. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+activity,+sedentary+time,+and+obesity+in+an+international+sample+of+children&author=Katzmarzyk,+P.T.&author=Barreira,+T.V.&author=Broyles,+S.T.&author=Chaput,+J.P.&author=Fogelholm,+M.&author=Hu,+G.&author=Johnson,+W.D.&author=Kuriyan,+R.&author=Kurpad,+A.&author=Lambert,+E.V.&publication_year=2015&journal=Med.+Sci.+Sports+Exerc.&volume=47&pages=2062%E2%80%932069&doi=10.1249/MSS.0000000000000649&pmid=25751770" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000649" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25751770" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B33-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='33.'>Pavez-Adasme, G.; Chambilla, R.; Grez, C.; Cárcamo-Oyarzún, J.; Poblete-Valderrama, F.; Párraga-Montilla, J.; Gómez-Álvarez, N. Physical domain of physical literacy and its relationship with enjoyment in Physical Education classes of 5th and 6th grade students. <span class='html-italic'>Retos</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>51</span>, 1478–1485. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+domain+of+physical+literacy+and+its+relationship+with+enjoyment+in+Physical+Education+classes+of+5th+and+6th+grade+students&author=Pavez-Adasme,+G.&author=Chambilla,+R.&author=Grez,+C.&author=C%C3%A1rcamo-Oyarz%C3%BAn,+J.&author=Poblete-Valderrama,+F.&author=P%C3%A1rraga-Montilla,+J.&author=G%C3%B3mez-%C3%81lvarez,+N.&publication_year=2024&journal=Retos&volume=51&pages=1478%E2%80%931485&doi=10.47197/retos.v51.101568" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101568" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B34-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='34.'>Contreras-Zapata, K.; Roa-Quintero, T.; Vásquez-Muñoz, C.; Castillo-Retamal, F.; Castillo-Retamal, M. Approach to physical literacy implementation in Chile: A narrative review. <span class='html-italic'>Retos</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>47</span>, 96–102. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Approach+to+physical+literacy+implementation+in+Chile:+A+narrative+review&author=Contreras-Zapata,+K.&author=Roa-Quintero,+T.&author=V%C3%A1squez-Mu%C3%B1oz,+C.&author=Castillo-Retamal,+F.&author=Castillo-Retamal,+M.&publication_year=2023&journal=Retos&volume=47&pages=96%E2%80%93102&doi=10.47197/retos.v47.94922" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.94922" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B35-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='35.'>Ydo, Y. Physical literacy on the global agenda. <span class='html-italic'>Prospects</span> <b>2021</b>, <span class='html-italic'>50</span>, 1–3. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy+on+the+global+agenda&author=Ydo,+Y.&publication_year=2021&journal=Prospects&volume=50&pages=1%E2%80%933&doi=10.1007/s11125-020-09524-8" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09524-8" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B36-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='36.'>Schuch, F.B.; Vancampfort, D.; Firth, J.; Rosenbaum, S.; Ward, P.B.; Silva, E.S.; Hallgren, M.; De Leon, A.P.; Dunn, A.L.; Deslandes, A.C.; et al. Physical activity and incident depression: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. <span class='html-italic'>Am. J. Psychiatry</span> <b>2018</b>, <span class='html-italic'>175</span>, 631–648. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+activity+and+incident+depression:+A+meta-analysis+of+prospective+cohort+studies&author=Schuch,+F.B.&author=Vancampfort,+D.&author=Firth,+J.&author=Rosenbaum,+S.&author=Ward,+P.B.&author=Silva,+E.S.&author=Hallgren,+M.&author=De+Leon,+A.P.&author=Dunn,+A.L.&author=Deslandes,+A.C.&publication_year=2018&journal=Am.+J.+Psychiatry&volume=175&pages=631%E2%80%93648&doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B37-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='37.'>Rodriguez-Ayllon, M.; Cadenas-Sánchez, C.; Estévez-López, F.; Muñoz, N.E.; Mora-Gonzalez, J.; Migueles, J.H.; Molina-García, P.; Henriksson, H.; Mena-Molina, A.; Martínez-Vizcaíno, V.; et al. Role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the mental health of preschoolers, children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <span class='html-italic'>Sports Med.</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>49</span>, 1383–1410. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Role+of+physical+activity+and+sedentary+behavior+in+the+mental+health+of+preschoolers,+children+and+adolescents:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&author=Rodriguez-Ayllon,+M.&author=Cadenas-S%C3%A1nchez,+C.&author=Est%C3%A9vez-L%C3%B3pez,+F.&author=Mu%C3%B1oz,+N.E.&author=Mora-Gonzalez,+J.&author=Migueles,+J.H.&author=Molina-Garc%C3%ADa,+P.&author=Henriksson,+H.&author=Mena-Molina,+A.&author=Mart%C3%ADnez-Vizca%C3%ADno,+V.&publication_year=2019&journal=Sports+Med.&volume=49&pages=1383%E2%80%931410&doi=10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B38-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='38.'>Pastor-Cisneros, R.; Carlos-Vivas, J.; Adsuar, J.C.; Barrios-Fernández, S.; Rojo-Ramos, J.; Vega-Muñoz, A.; Contreras-Barraza, N.; Mendoza-Muñoz, M. Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2 (CAPL-2) Questionnaires. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</span> <b>2022</b>, <span class='html-italic'>19</span>, 8850. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Spanish+Translation+and+Cultural+Adaptation+of+the+Canadian+Assessment+of+Physical+Literacy-2+(CAPL-2)+Questionnaires&author=Pastor-Cisneros,+R.&author=Carlos-Vivas,+J.&author=Adsuar,+J.C.&author=Barrios-Fern%C3%A1ndez,+S.&author=Rojo-Ramos,+J.&author=Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz,+A.&author=Contreras-Barraza,+N.&author=Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz,+M.&publication_year=2022&journal=Int.+J.+Environ.+Res.+Public+Health&volume=19&pages=8850&doi=10.3390/ijerph19148850" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148850" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B39-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='39.'>Ministerio de Salud. <span class='html-italic'>Patrones de crecimiento para la evaluación nutricional de niños, niñas y adolescentes desde el nacimiento hasta los 19 años</span>; Ministerio de Salud, Subsecretaría de Salud Pública, División Políticas Públicas Saludables y Promoción, Departamento de Nutrición y Alimentos: Santiago, Chile, 2018. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Patrones+de+crecimiento+para+la+evaluaci%C3%B3n+nutricional+de+ni%C3%B1os,+ni%C3%B1as+y+adolescentes+desde+el+nacimiento+hasta+los+19+a%C3%B1os&author=Ministerio+de+Salud&publication_year=2018" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B40-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='40.'>Blanchard, J.; Van Wyk, N.; Ertel, E.; Alpous, A.; Longmuir, P.E. Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy in grades 7–9 (12–16 years): Preliminary validity and descriptive results. <span class='html-italic'>J. Sports Sci.</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>38</span>, 177–186. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Canadian+Assessment+of+Physical+Literacy+in+grades+7%E2%80%939+(12%E2%80%9316+years):+Preliminary+validity+and+descriptive+results&author=Blanchard,+J.&author=Van+Wyk,+N.&author=Ertel,+E.&author=Alpous,+A.&author=Longmuir,+P.E.&publication_year=2019&journal=J.+Sports+Sci.&volume=38&pages=177%E2%80%93186&doi=10.1080/02640414.2019.1689076" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1689076" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B41-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='41.'>Romero-Suárez, N. Estadística en la Toma de Decisiones: El p-valor. <span class='html-italic'>Telos</span> <b>2012</b>, <span class='html-italic'>14</span>, 439–446. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Estad%C3%ADstica+en+la+Toma+de+Decisiones:+El+p-valor&author=Romero-Su%C3%A1rez,+N.&publication_year=2012&journal=Telos&volume=14&pages=439%E2%80%93446" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B42-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='42.'>Molina-Arias, M. What is the real significance of p-value? <span class='html-italic'>Rev. Pediatr. Aten. Primaria</span> <b>2017</b>, <span class='html-italic'>19</span>, 377–381. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+is+the+real+significance+of+p-value?&author=Molina-Arias,+M.&publication_year=2017&journal=Rev.+Pediatr.+Aten.+Primaria&volume=19&pages=377%E2%80%93381" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B43-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='43.'>Wuensch, K.L. Chi-Square Tests. In <span class='html-italic'>International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science</span>; Lovric, M., Ed.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2011; pp. 252–254. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Chi-Square+Tests&author=Wuensch,+K.L.&publication_year=2011&pages=252%E2%80%93254" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_173" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B44-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='44.'>Faul, F.; Erdfelder, E.; Buchner, A.; Lang, A.-G. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. <span class='html-italic'>Behav. Res. Methods</span> <b>2009</b>, <span class='html-italic'>41</span>, 1149–1160. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Statistical+power+analyses+using+G*Power+3.1:+Tests+for+correlation+and+regression+analyses&author=Faul,+F.&author=Erdfelder,+E.&author=Buchner,+A.&author=Lang,+A.-G.&publication_year=2009&journal=Behav.+Res.+Methods&volume=41&pages=1149%E2%80%931160&doi=10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149&pmid=19897823" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897823" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B45-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='45.'>Abarca-Gómez, L.; Abdeen, Z.A.; Hamid, Z.A.; Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.; Acosta-Cazares, B.; Acuin, C.; Adams, R.J.; Aekplakorn, W.; Afsana, K.; Aguilar-Salinas, C.A.; et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. <span class='html-italic'>Lancet</span> <b>2017</b>, <span class='html-italic'>390</span>, 2627–2642. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Worldwide+trends+in+body-mass+index,+underweight,+overweight,+and+obesity+from+1975+to+2016:+A+pooled+analysis+of+2416+population-based+measurement+studies+in+128.9+million+children,+adolescents,+and+adults&author=Abarca-G%C3%B3mez,+L.&author=Abdeen,+Z.A.&author=Hamid,+Z.A.&author=Abu-Rmeileh,+N.M.&author=Acosta-Cazares,+B.&author=Acuin,+C.&author=Adams,+R.J.&author=Aekplakorn,+W.&author=Afsana,+K.&author=Aguilar-Salinas,+C.A.&publication_year=2017&journal=Lancet&volume=390&pages=2627%E2%80%932642&doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3&pmid=29029897" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29029897" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B46-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='46.'>Herman, K.M.; Craig, C.L.; Gauvin, L.; Katzmarzyk, P.T. Tracking of obesity and physical activity from childhood to adulthood: The Physical Activity Longitudinal Study. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Pediatr. Obes.</span> <b>2009</b>, <span class='html-italic'>4</span>, 281–288. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Tracking+of+obesity+and+physical+activity+from+childhood+to+adulthood:+The+Physical+Activity+Longitudinal+Study&author=Herman,+K.M.&author=Craig,+C.L.&author=Gauvin,+L.&author=Katzmarzyk,+P.T.&publication_year=2009&journal=Int.+J.+Pediatr.+Obes.&volume=4&pages=281%E2%80%93288&doi=10.3109/17477160802596171" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3109/17477160802596171" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B47-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='47.'>Tremblay, M.S.; LeBlanc, A.G.; Kho, M.E.; Saunders, T.J.; Larouche, R.; Colley, R.C.; Goldfield, G.; Gorber, S.C. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.</span> <b>2011</b>, <span class='html-italic'>8</span>, 98. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Systematic+review+of+sedentary+behaviour+and+health+indicators+in+school-aged+children+and+youth&author=Tremblay,+M.S.&author=LeBlanc,+A.G.&author=Kho,+M.E.&author=Saunders,+T.J.&author=Larouche,+R.&author=Colley,+R.C.&author=Goldfield,+G.&author=Gorber,+S.C.&publication_year=2011&journal=Int.+J.+Behav.+Nutr.+Phys.+Act.&volume=8&pages=98&doi=10.1186/1479-5868-8-98&pmid=21936895" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-98" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21936895" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B48-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='48.'>Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Chile. <span class='html-italic'>Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016–2017</span>; MINSAL: Santiago, Chile, 2017. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Encuesta+Nacional+de+Salud+2016%E2%80%932017&author=Ministerio+de+Salud,+Gobierno+de+Chile&publication_year=2017" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B49-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='49.'>Aguilar-Farias, N.; Miranda-Marquez, S.; Toledo-Vargas, M.; Sadarangani, K.P.; Ibarra-Mora, J.; Martino-Fuentealba, P.; Carcamo-Oyarzun, J.; Cristi-Montero, C.; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, F.; Guarda-Saavedra, P.; et al. Results from Chile’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents. <span class='html-italic'>J. Exerc. Sci. Fit.</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>22</span>, 390–396. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Results+from+Chile%E2%80%99s+2022+report+card+on+physical+activity+for+children+and+adolescents&author=Aguilar-Farias,+N.&author=Miranda-Marquez,+S.&author=Toledo-Vargas,+M.&author=Sadarangani,+K.P.&author=Ibarra-Mora,+J.&author=Martino-Fuentealba,+P.&author=Carcamo-Oyarzun,+J.&author=Cristi-Montero,+C.&author=Rodr%C3%ADguez-Rodr%C3%ADguez,+F.&author=Guarda-Saavedra,+P.&publication_year=2024&journal=J.+Exerc.+Sci.+Fit.&volume=22&pages=390%E2%80%93396&doi=10.1016/j.jesf.2024.07.004" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2024.07.004" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B50-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='50.'>Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB). <span class='html-italic'>Mapa Nutricional 2023</span>; JUNAEB: Santiago, Chile, 2023. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Mapa+Nutricional+2023&author=Junta+Nacional+de+Auxilio+Escolar+y+Becas+(JUNAEB)&publication_year=2023" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B51-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='51.'>Jacob, C.M.; Hardy-Johnson, P.L.; Inskip, H.M.; Baird, J.; Hanson, M.; Fisher, D.; Roberts, K.; Cooper, C.; Godfrey, K.M.; Lawlor, D.A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions with health education to reduce body mass index in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.</span> <b>2021</b>, <span class='html-italic'>18</span>, 1. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+school-based+interventions+with+health+education+to+reduce+body+mass+index+in+adolescents+aged+10+to+19+years&author=Jacob,+C.M.&author=Hardy-Johnson,+P.L.&author=Inskip,+H.M.&author=Baird,+J.&author=Hanson,+M.&author=Fisher,+D.&author=Roberts,+K.&author=Cooper,+C.&author=Godfrey,+K.M.&author=Lawlor,+D.A.&publication_year=2021&journal=Int.+J.+Behav.+Nutr.+Phys.+Act.&volume=18&pages=1&doi=10.1186/s12966-020-01065-9" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01065-9" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B52-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='52.'>Verjans-Janssen, S.R.B.; van de Kolk, I.; Van Kann, D.H.H.; Kremers, S.P.J.; Gerards, S.M.P.L. Effectiveness of school-based physical activity and nutrition interventions with direct parental involvement on children’s BMI and energy balance-related behaviors—A systematic review. <span class='html-italic'>PLoS ONE</span> <b>2018</b>, <span class='html-italic'>13</span>, e0204560. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effectiveness+of+school-based+physical+activity+and+nutrition+interventions+with+direct+parental+involvement+on+children%E2%80%99s+BMI+and+energy+balance-related+behaviors%E2%80%94A+systematic+review&author=Verjans-Janssen,+S.R.B.&author=van+de+Kolk,+I.&author=Van+Kann,+D.H.H.&author=Kremers,+S.P.J.&author=Gerards,+S.M.P.L.&publication_year=2018&journal=PLoS+ONE&volume=13&pages=e0204560&doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0204560" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204560" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B53-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='53.'>Sweatt, K.; Garvey, W.T.; Martins, C. Strengths and Limitations of BMI in the Diagnosis of Obesity: What is the Path Forward? <span class='html-italic'>Curr. Obes. Rep.</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>13</span>, 584–595. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Strengths+and+Limitations+of+BMI+in+the+Diagnosis+of+Obesity:+What+is+the+Path+Forward?&author=Sweatt,+K.&author=Garvey,+W.T.&author=Martins,+C.&publication_year=2024&journal=Curr.+Obes.+Rep.&volume=13&pages=584%E2%80%93595&doi=10.1007/s13679-024-00580-1" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00580-1" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B54-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='54.'>Ridgers, N.D.; Timperio, A.; Crawford, D.; Salmon, J. What factors are associated with adolescents’ school break time physical activity and sedentary time? <span class='html-italic'>PLoS ONE</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>8</span>, e56838. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=What+factors+are+associated+with+adolescents%E2%80%99+school+break+time+physical+activity+and+sedentary+time?&author=Ridgers,+N.D.&author=Timperio,+A.&author=Crawford,+D.&author=Salmon,+J.&publication_year=2013&journal=PLoS+ONE&volume=8&pages=e56838&doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056838" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056838" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B55-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='55.'>Jekauc, D.; Reimers, A.K.; Wagner, M.O.; Woll, A. Physical activity in sports clubs of children and adolescents in Germany: Results from a nationwide representative survey. <span class='html-italic'>J. Public Health</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>21</span>, 505–513. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+activity+in+sports+clubs+of+children+and+adolescents+in+Germany:+Results+from+a+nationwide+representative+survey&author=Jekauc,+D.&author=Reimers,+A.K.&author=Wagner,+M.O.&author=Woll,+A.&publication_year=2013&journal=J.+Public+Health&volume=21&pages=505%E2%80%93513&doi=10.1007/s10389-013-0579-2" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-013-0579-2" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B56-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='56.'>Instituto Nacional de Deportes de Chile. <span class='html-italic'>Encuesta Nacional de Actividad Física y Deportes 2018</span>; IND: Santiago, Chile, 2018. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Encuesta+Nacional+de+Actividad+F%C3%ADsica+y+Deportes+2018&author=Instituto+Nacional+de+Deportes+de+Chile&publication_year=2018" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B57-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='57.'>Alemany Arrebola, I.; Aguilar García, N.; Granda Ortells, L.; Granda Vera, J. Estereotipos de género y práctica de actividad física. <span class='html-italic'>Movimento</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>25</span>, e25082. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Estereotipos+de+g%C3%A9nero+y+pr%C3%A1ctica+de+actividad+f%C3%ADsica&author=Alemany+Arrebola,+I.&author=Aguilar+Garc%C3%ADa,+N.&author=Granda+Ortells,+L.&author=Granda+Vera,+J.&publication_year=2019&journal=Movimento&volume=25&pages=e25082&doi=10.22456/1982-8918.93460" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.93460" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B58-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='58.'>Flores Fernandez, Z. Mujer y deporte en México. Hacia una igualdad sustancial. Women and sport in México. Towards a substantive equality. <span class='html-italic'>Retos</span> <b>2020</b>, <span class='html-italic'>37</span>, 222–226. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Mujer+y+deporte+en+M%C3%A9xico.+Hacia+una+igualdad+sustancial.+Women+and+sport+in+M%C3%A9xico.+Towards+a+substantive+equality&author=Flores+Fernandez,+Z.&publication_year=2020&journal=Retos&volume=37&pages=222%E2%80%93226&doi=10.47197/retos.v37i37.71684" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.71684" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B59-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='59.'>Duffey, K.; Barbosa, A.; Whiting, S.; Mendes, R.; Yordi Aguirre, I.; Tcymbal, A.; Abu-Omar, K.; Gelius, P.; Breda, J. Barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in adolescent girls: A systematic review of systematic reviews. <span class='html-italic'>Front. Public Health</span> <b>2021</b>, <span class='html-italic'>9</span>, 743935. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Barriers+and+facilitators+of+physical+activity+participation+in+adolescent+girls:+A+systematic+review+of+systematic+reviews&author=Duffey,+K.&author=Barbosa,+A.&author=Whiting,+S.&author=Mendes,+R.&author=Yordi+Aguirre,+I.&author=Tcymbal,+A.&author=Abu-Omar,+K.&author=Gelius,+P.&author=Breda,+J.&publication_year=2021&journal=Front.+Public+Health&volume=9&pages=743935&doi=10.3389/fpubh.2021.743935&pmid=34722450" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.743935" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34722450" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B60-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='60.'>Trudeau, F.; Shephard, R.J. Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.</span> <b>2008</b>, <span class='html-italic'>5</span>, 10. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+education,+school+physical+activity,+school+sports+and+academic+performance&author=Trudeau,+F.&author=Shephard,+R.J.&publication_year=2008&journal=Int.+J.+Behav.+Nutr.+Phys.+Act.&volume=5&pages=10&doi=10.1186/1479-5868-5-10" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-10" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B61-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='61.'>Casey, B.J.; Jones, R.M.; Hare, T.A. The Adolescent Brain. <span class='html-italic'>Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.</span> <b>2008</b>, <span class='html-italic'>1124</span>, 111–126. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Adolescent+Brain&author=Casey,+B.J.&author=Jones,+R.M.&author=Hare,+T.A.&publication_year=2008&journal=Ann.+N.+Y.+Acad.+Sci.&volume=1124&pages=111%E2%80%93126&doi=10.1196/annals.1440.010&pmid=18400927" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1440.010" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18400927" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B62-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='62.'>Carl, J.; Barratt, J.; Wanner, P.; Töpfer, C.; Cairney, J.; Pfeifer, K. The Effectiveness of Physical Literacy Interventions: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. <span class='html-italic'>Sports Med.</span> <b>2022</b>, <span class='html-italic'>52</span>, 2965–2999. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+Effectiveness+of+Physical+Literacy+Interventions:+A+Systematic+Review+with+Meta-Analysis&author=Carl,+J.&author=Barratt,+J.&author=Wanner,+P.&author=T%C3%B6pfer,+C.&author=Cairney,+J.&author=Pfeifer,+K.&publication_year=2022&journal=Sports+Med.&volume=52&pages=2965%E2%80%932999&doi=10.1007/s40279-022-01738-4&pmid=35994237" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01738-4" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35994237" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B63-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='63.'>Jerebine, A.; Arundell, L.; Watson-Mackie, K.; Keegan, R.; Jurić, P.; Dudley, D.; Ridgers, N.D.; Salmon, J.; Barnett, L.M. Effects of Holistically Conceptualised School-Based Interventions on Children’s Physical Literacy, Physical Activity, and Other Outcomes: A Systematic Review. <span class='html-italic'>Sports Med.-Open</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>10</span>, 105. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects+of+Holistically+Conceptualised+School-Based+Interventions+on+Children%E2%80%99s+Physical+Literacy,+Physical+Activity,+and+Other+Outcomes:+A+Systematic+Review&author=Jerebine,+A.&author=Arundell,+L.&author=Watson-Mackie,+K.&author=Keegan,+R.&author=Juri%C4%87,+P.&author=Dudley,+D.&author=Ridgers,+N.D.&author=Salmon,+J.&author=Barnett,+L.M.&publication_year=2024&journal=Sports+Med.-Open&volume=10&pages=105&doi=10.1186/s40798-024-00766-w" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00766-w" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B64-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='64.'>Lundvall, S. Physical literacy in the field of physical education—A challenge and a possibility. <span class='html-italic'>J. Sport Health Sci.</span> <b>2015</b>, <span class='html-italic'>4</span>, 113–118. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+literacy+in+the+field+of+physical+education%E2%80%94A+challenge+and+a+possibility&author=Lundvall,+S.&publication_year=2015&journal=J.+Sport+Health+Sci.&volume=4&pages=113%E2%80%93118&doi=10.1016/j.jshs.2015.02.001" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.02.001" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B65-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='65.'>Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. <span class='html-italic'>Annu. Rev. Psychol.</span> <b>2001</b>, <span class='html-italic'>52</span>, 1–26. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Social+cognitive+theory:+An+agentic+perspective&author=Bandura,+A.&publication_year=2001&journal=Annu.+Rev.+Psychol.&volume=52&pages=1%E2%80%9326&doi=10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B66-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='66.'>Bailey, R.; Hillman, C.; Arent, S.; Petitpas, A. Physical activity: An underestimated investment in human capital? <span class='html-italic'>J. Phys. Act. Health</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>10</span>, 289–308. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physical+activity:+An+underestimated+investment+in+human+capital?&author=Bailey,+R.&author=Hillman,+C.&author=Arent,+S.&author=Petitpas,+A.&publication_year=2013&journal=J.+Phys.+Act.+Health&volume=10&pages=289%E2%80%93308&doi=10.1123/jpah.10.3.289" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.3.289" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B67-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='67.'>Ryan, R.M.; Deci, E.L. Self-Determination Theory. In <span class='html-italic'>Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research</span>; Maggino, F., Ed.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2022. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Self-Determination+Theory&author=Ryan,+R.M.&author=Deci,+E.L.&publication_year=2022" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B68-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='68.'>Messing, S.; Rütten, A.; Abu-Omar, K.; Ungerer-Röhrich, U.; Goodwin, L.; Burlacu, I.; Gediga, G. How Can Physical Activity Be Promoted Among Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review of Reviews Across Settings. <span class='html-italic'>Front. Public Health</span> <b>2019</b>, <span class='html-italic'>7</span>, 55. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=How+Can+Physical+Activity+Be+Promoted+Among+Children+and+Adolescents?+A+Systematic+Review+of+Reviews+Across+Settings&author=Messing,+S.&author=R%C3%BCtten,+A.&author=Abu-Omar,+K.&author=Ungerer-R%C3%B6hrich,+U.&author=Goodwin,+L.&author=Burlacu,+I.&author=Gediga,+G.&publication_year=2019&journal=Front.+Public+Health&volume=7&pages=55&doi=10.3389/fpubh.2019.00055&pmid=30941342" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00055" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30941342" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B69-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='69.'>Salmon, J.; Booth, M.L.; Phongsavan, P.; Murphy, N.; Timperio, A. Promoting Physical Activity Participation among Children and Adolescents. <span class='html-italic'>Epidemiol. Rev.</span> <b>2007</b>, <span class='html-italic'>29</span>, 144–159. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Promoting+Physical+Activity+Participation+among+Children+and+Adolescents&author=Salmon,+J.&author=Booth,+M.L.&author=Phongsavan,+P.&author=Murphy,+N.&author=Timperio,+A.&publication_year=2007&journal=Epidemiol.+Rev.&volume=29&pages=144%E2%80%93159&doi=10.1093/epirev/mxm010&pmid=17556765" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxm010" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556765" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B70-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='70.'>Teixeira, P.J.; Carraça, E.V.; Markland, D.; Silva, M.N.; Ryan, R.M. Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.</span> <b>2012</b>, <span class='html-italic'>9</span>, 78. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Exercise,+physical+activity,+and+self-determination+theory:+A+systematic+review&author=Teixeira,+P.J.&author=Carra%C3%A7a,+E.V.&author=Markland,+D.&author=Silva,+M.N.&author=Ryan,+R.M.&publication_year=2012&journal=Int.+J.+Behav.+Nutr.+Phys.+Act.&volume=9&pages=78&doi=10.1186/1479-5868-9-78&pmid=22726453" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22726453" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B71-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='71.'>Owen, K.B.; Smith, J.; Lubans, D.R.; Ng, J.Y.Y.; Lonsdale, C. Self-determined motivation and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <span class='html-italic'>Prev. Med.</span> <b>2014</b>, <span class='html-italic'>67</span>, 270–279. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Self-determined+motivation+and+physical+activity+in+children+and+adolescents:+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&author=Owen,+K.B.&author=Smith,+J.&author=Lubans,+D.R.&author=Ng,+J.Y.Y.&author=Lonsdale,+C.&publication_year=2014&journal=Prev.+Med.&volume=67&pages=270%E2%80%93279&doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.033" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.033" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B72-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='72.'>Kimm, S.Y.S.; Glynn, N.W.; Kriska, A.M.; Barton, B.A.; Kronsberg, S.S.; Daniels, S.R.; Crawford, P.B.; Sabry, Z.I.; Liu, K. Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence. <span class='html-italic'>N. Engl. J. Med.</span> <b>2002</b>, <span class='html-italic'>347</span>, 709–715. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Decline+in+physical+activity+in+black+girls+and+white+girls+during+adolescence&author=Kimm,+S.Y.S.&author=Glynn,+N.W.&author=Kriska,+A.M.&author=Barton,+B.A.&author=Kronsberg,+S.S.&author=Daniels,+S.R.&author=Crawford,+P.B.&author=Sabry,+Z.I.&author=Liu,+K.&publication_year=2002&journal=N.+Engl.+J.+Med.&volume=347&pages=709%E2%80%93715&doi=10.1056/NEJMoa003277" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa003277" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B73-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='73.'>Marcone, M.F.; Madan, P.; Grodzinski, B. An Overview of the Sociological and Environmental Factors Influencing Eating Food Behavior in Canada. <span class='html-italic'>Front. Nutr.</span> <b>2020</b>, <span class='html-italic'>7</span>, 77. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An+Overview+of+the+Sociological+and+Environmental+Factors+Influencing+Eating+Food+Behavior+in+Canada&author=Marcone,+M.F.&author=Madan,+P.&author=Grodzinski,+B.&publication_year=2020&journal=Front.+Nutr.&volume=7&pages=77&doi=10.3389/fnut.2020.00077" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00077" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B74-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='74.'>Garcia, A.L.; Reardon, R.; McDonald, M.; Vargas-Garcia, E.J. Community Interventions to Improve Cooking Skills and Their Effects on Confidence and Eating Behaviour. <span class='html-italic'>Curr. Nutr. Rep.</span> <b>2016</b>, <span class='html-italic'>5</span>, 315–322. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Community+Interventions+to+Improve+Cooking+Skills+and+Their+Effects+on+Confidence+and+Eating+Behaviour&author=Garcia,+A.L.&author=Reardon,+R.&author=McDonald,+M.&author=Vargas-Garcia,+E.J.&publication_year=2016&journal=Curr.+Nutr.+Rep.&volume=5&pages=315%E2%80%93322&doi=10.1007/s13668-016-0185-3" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-016-0185-3" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B75-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='75.'>Ennis, C.D. On their own: Preparing students for a lifetime. <span class='html-italic'>J. Phys. Educ. Recreat. Danc.</span> <b>2010</b>, <span class='html-italic'>81</span>, 17–22. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=On+their+own:+Preparing+students+for+a+lifetime&author=Ennis,+C.D.&publication_year=2010&journal=J.+Phys.+Educ.+Recreat.+Danc.&volume=81&pages=17%E2%80%9322&doi=10.1080/07303084.2010.10598475" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2010.10598475" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B76-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='76.'>Lonsdale, C.; Rosenkranz, R.R.; Peralta, L.R.; Bennie, A.; Fahey, P.; Lubans, D.R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school physical education lessons. <span class='html-italic'>Prev. Med.</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>56</span>, 152–161. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+interventions+designed+to+increase+moderate-to-vigorous+physical+activity+in+school+physical+education+lessons&author=Lonsdale,+C.&author=Rosenkranz,+R.R.&author=Peralta,+L.R.&author=Bennie,+A.&author=Fahey,+P.&author=Lubans,+D.R.&publication_year=2013&journal=Prev.+Med.&volume=56&pages=152%E2%80%93161&doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.004" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.004" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B77-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='77.'>Bhawra, J.; Kirkpatrick, S.I.; Hall, M.G.; Vanderlee, L.; Thrasher, J.F.; Jáuregui de la Mota, A.; Hammond, D. A five-country study of front- and back-of-package nutrition label awareness and use: Patterns and correlates from the 2018 International Food Policy Study. <span class='html-italic'>Public Health Nutr.</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>26</span>, 275–286. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A+five-country+study+of+front-+and+back-of-package+nutrition+label+awareness+and+use:+Patterns+and+correlates+from+the+2018+International+Food+Policy+Study&author=Bhawra,+J.&author=Kirkpatrick,+S.I.&author=Hall,+M.G.&author=Vanderlee,+L.&author=Thrasher,+J.F.&author=J%C3%A1uregui+de+la+Mota,+A.&author=Hammond,+D.&publication_year=2023&journal=Public+Health+Nutr.&volume=26&pages=275%E2%80%93286&doi=10.1017/S1368980022002257" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980022002257" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B78-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='78.'>Muñoz-Urtubia, N.; Vega-Muñoz, A.; Estrada-Muñoz, C.; Salazar-Sepúlveda, G.; Contreras-Barraza, N.; Castillo, D. Healthy behavior and sports drinks: A systematic review. <span class='html-italic'>Nutrients</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>15</span>, 2915. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Healthy+behavior+and+sports+drinks:+A+systematic+review&author=Mu%C3%B1oz-Urtubia,+N.&author=Vega-Mu%C3%B1oz,+A.&author=Estrada-Mu%C3%B1oz,+C.&author=Salazar-Sep%C3%BAlveda,+G.&author=Contreras-Barraza,+N.&author=Castillo,+D.&publication_year=2023&journal=Nutrients&volume=15&pages=2915&doi=10.3390/nu15132915&pmid=37447239" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132915" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37447239" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B79-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='79.'>Mendoza-Muñoz, M.; Barrios-Fernández, S.; Adsuar, J.C.; Pastor-Cisneros, R.; Risco-Gil, M.; García-Gordillo, M.Á.; Carlos-Vivas, J. Influence of body composition on physical literacy in Spanish children. <span class='html-italic'>Biology</span> <b>2021</b>, <span class='html-italic'>10</span>, 482. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Influence+of+body+composition+on+physical+literacy+in+Spanish+children&author=Mendoza-Mu%C3%B1oz,+M.&author=Barrios-Fern%C3%A1ndez,+S.&author=Adsuar,+J.C.&author=Pastor-Cisneros,+R.&author=Risco-Gil,+M.&author=Garc%C3%ADa-Gordillo,+M.%C3%81.&author=Carlos-Vivas,+J.&publication_year=2021&journal=Biology&volume=10&pages=482&doi=10.3390/biology10060482&pmid=34072359" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060482" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34072359" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B80-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='80.'>Bortoli, L.; Bertollo, M.; Filho, E.; di Fronso, S.; Robazza, C. Implementing the TARGET Model in Physical Education: Effects on Perceived Psychobiosocial and Motivational States in Girls. <span class='html-italic'>Front. Psychol.</span> <b>2017</b>, <span class='html-italic'>8</span>, 1517. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Implementing+the+TARGET+Model+in+Physical+Education:+Effects+on+Perceived+Psychobiosocial+and+Motivational+States+in+Girls&author=Bortoli,+L.&author=Bertollo,+M.&author=Filho,+E.&author=di+Fronso,+S.&author=Robazza,+C.&publication_year=2017&journal=Front.+Psychol.&volume=8&pages=1517&doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01517&pmid=28928700" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01517" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28928700" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B81-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='81.'>Fernández-Espínola, C.; Abad Robles, M.T.; Collado-Mateo, D.; Almagro, B.J.; Castillo Viera, E.; Giménez Fuentes-Guerra, F.J. Effects of Cooperative-Learning Interventions on Physical Education Students’ Intrinsic Motivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</span> <b>2020</b>, <span class='html-italic'>17</span>, 4451. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects+of+Cooperative-Learning+Interventions+on+Physical+Education+Students%E2%80%99+Intrinsic+Motivation:+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&author=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Esp%C3%ADnola,+C.&author=Abad+Robles,+M.T.&author=Collado-Mateo,+D.&author=Almagro,+B.J.&author=Castillo+Viera,+E.&author=Gim%C3%A9nez+Fuentes-Guerra,+F.J.&publication_year=2020&journal=Int.+J.+Environ.+Res.+Public+Health&volume=17&pages=4451&doi=10.3390/ijerph17124451&pmid=32575836" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124451" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32575836" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B82-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='82.'>Guerrero, M.A.; Guerrero Puerta, L. Advancing Gender Equality in Schools through Inclusive Physical Education and Teaching Training: A Systematic Review. <span class='html-italic'>Societies</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>13</span>, 64. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Advancing+Gender+Equality+in+Schools+through+Inclusive+Physical+Education+and+Teaching+Training:+A+Systematic+Review&author=Guerrero,+M.A.&author=Guerrero+Puerta,+L.&publication_year=2023&journal=Societies&volume=13&pages=64&doi=10.3390/soc13030064" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13030064" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B83-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='83.'>Bauman, A.E.; Reis, R.S.; Sallis, J.F.; Wells, J.C.; Loos, R.J.; Martin, B.W. Correlates of physical activity: Why are some people physically active and others not? <span class='html-italic'>Lancet</span> <b>2012</b>, <span class='html-italic'>380</span>, 258–271. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Correlates+of+physical+activity:+Why+are+some+people+physically+active+and+others+not?&author=Bauman,+A.E.&author=Reis,+R.S.&author=Sallis,+J.F.&author=Wells,+J.C.&author=Loos,+R.J.&author=Martin,+B.W.&publication_year=2012&journal=Lancet&volume=380&pages=258%E2%80%93271&doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B84-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='84.'>World Health Organization. <span class='html-italic'>Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for a Healthier World</span>; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Global+Action+Plan+on+Physical+Activity+2018%E2%80%932030:+More+Active+People+for+a+Healthier+World&author=World+Health+Organization&publication_year=2018" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B85-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='85.'>Ribeiro, E.; Farias, C.; Mesquita, I. “The Game Changers”: How Equity-Driven Pedagogical Scaffolding Reduces Participation Disparities in Physical Education. <span class='html-italic'>Educ. Sci.</span> <b>2024</b>, <span class='html-italic'>14</span>, 1077. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=%E2%80%9CThe+Game+Changers%E2%80%9D:+How+Equity-Driven+Pedagogical+Scaffolding+Reduces+Participation+Disparities+in+Physical+Education&author=Ribeiro,+E.&author=Farias,+C.&author=Mesquita,+I.&publication_year=2024&journal=Educ.+Sci.&volume=14&pages=1077&doi=10.3390/educsci14101077" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14101077" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B86-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='86.'>Vazquez, C.E.; Cubbin, C. Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity: A Review of Literature from the Past Decade to Inform Intervention Research. <span class='html-italic'>Curr. Obes. Rep.</span> <b>2020</b>, <span class='html-italic'>9</span>, 562–570. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Socioeconomic+Status+and+Childhood+Obesity:+A+Review+of+Literature+from+the+Past+Decade+to+Inform+Intervention+Research&author=Vazquez,+C.E.&author=Cubbin,+C.&publication_year=2020&journal=Curr.+Obes.+Rep.&volume=9&pages=562%E2%80%93570&doi=10.1007/s13679-020-00400-2" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-020-00400-2" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B87-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='87.'>Andersen, O.K.; Gebremariam, M.K.; Kolle, E.; Grydeland, M.; Bjelland, M.; Bergh, I.H.; Lien, N.; Ommundsen, Y.; Anderssen, S.A. Socioeconomic position, built environment and physical activity among children and adolescents: A systematic review of mediating and moderating effects. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.</span> <b>2022</b>, <span class='html-italic'>19</span>, 149. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Socioeconomic+position,+built+environment+and+physical+activity+among+children+and+adolescents:+A+systematic+review+of+mediating+and+moderating+effects&author=Andersen,+O.K.&author=Gebremariam,+M.K.&author=Kolle,+E.&author=Grydeland,+M.&author=Bjelland,+M.&author=Bergh,+I.H.&author=Lien,+N.&author=Ommundsen,+Y.&author=Anderssen,+S.A.&publication_year=2022&journal=Int.+J.+Behav.+Nutr.+Phys.+Act.&volume=19&pages=149&doi=10.1186/s12966-022-01385-y" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01385-y" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B88-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='88.'>Ashtary-Larky, D.; Daneghian, S.; Alipour, M.; Rafiei, H.; Ghanavati, M.; Mohammadpour, R.; Kooti, W.; Ashtary-Larky, P.; Afrisham, R. Waist Circumference to Height Ratio: Better Correlation with Fat Mass Than Other Anthropometric Indices During Dietary Weight Loss in Different Rates. <span class='html-italic'>Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab.</span> <b>2018</b>, <span class='html-italic'>16</span>, e55023. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Waist+Circumference+to+Height+Ratio:+Better+Correlation+with+Fat+Mass+Than+Other+Anthropometric+Indices+During+Dietary+Weight+Loss+in+Different+Rates&author=Ashtary-Larky,+D.&author=Daneghian,+S.&author=Alipour,+M.&author=Rafiei,+H.&author=Ghanavati,+M.&author=Mohammadpour,+R.&author=Kooti,+W.&author=Ashtary-Larky,+P.&author=Afrisham,+R.&publication_year=2018&journal=Int.+J.+Endocrinol.+Metab.&volume=16&pages=e55023&doi=10.5812/ijem.55023" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.55023" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B89-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='89.'>Verney, J.; Metz, L.; Chaplais, E.; Cardenoux, C.; Pereira, B.; Thivel, D. Bioelectrical Impedance is an Accurate Method to Assess Body Composition in Obese but Not Severely Obese Adolescents. <span class='html-italic'>Nutr. Res.</span> <b>2016</b>, <span class='html-italic'>36</span>, 663–670. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Bioelectrical+Impedance+is+an+Accurate+Method+to+Assess+Body+Composition+in+Obese+but+Not+Severely+Obese+Adolescents&author=Verney,+J.&author=Metz,+L.&author=Chaplais,+E.&author=Cardenoux,+C.&author=Pereira,+B.&author=Thivel,+D.&publication_year=2016&journal=Nutr.+Res.&volume=36&pages=663%E2%80%93670&doi=10.1016/j.nutres.2016.04.003&pmid=27333957" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.04.003" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27333957" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li><li id='B90-jcm-13-07027' class='html-xx' data-content='90.'>Uchino, B.N. Understanding the Links Between Social Support and Physical Health: A Life-Span Perspective with Emphasis on the Separability of Perceived and Received Support. <span class='html-italic'>Perspect. Psychol. Sci.</span> <b>2009</b>, <span class='html-italic'>4</span>, 236–255. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Understanding+the+Links+Between+Social+Support+and+Physical+Health:+A+Life-Span+Perspective+with+Emphasis+on+the+Separability+of+Perceived+and+Received+Support&author=Uchino,+B.N.&publication_year=2009&journal=Perspect.+Psychol.+Sci.&volume=4&pages=236%E2%80%93255&doi=10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01122.x&pmid=26158961" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01122.x" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>] [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26158961" class='cross-ref pub_med' data-typ='pmid' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>PubMed</a>]</li></ol></section><section id='FigureandTables' type='display-objects'><div class="html-fig-wrap" id="jcm-13-07027-f001"> <div class='html-fig_img'> <div class="html-figpopup html-figpopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href="#fig_body_display_jcm-13-07027-f001"> <img data-large="/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001.png" data-original="/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001.png" alt="Jcm 13 07027 g001" data-lsrc="/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001-550.jpg" /> <a class="html-expand html-figpopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href="#fig_body_display_jcm-13-07027-f001"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_description"> <b>Figure 1.</b> Relation between demographic variables and PL variables: (<b>a</b>) sex and motivation level, (<b>b</b>) nutritional category and motivation level, (<b>c</b>) age and knowledge level, and (<b>d</b>) age and nutritional category.  </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_show mfp-hide" id="fig_body_display_jcm-13-07027-f001"> <div class="html-caption"> <b>Figure 1.</b> Relation between demographic variables and PL variables: (<b>a</b>) sex and motivation level, (<b>b</b>) nutritional category and motivation level, (<b>c</b>) age and knowledge level, and (<b>d</b>) age and nutritional category.</div> <div class="html-img"><img data-large="/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001.png" data-original="/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001.png" alt="Jcm 13 07027 g001" data-lsrc="/jcm/jcm-13-07027/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-13-07027-g001.png" /></div> </div> <div class="html-table-wrap" id="jcm-13-07027-t001"> <div class="html-table_wrap_td"> <div class="html-tablepopup html-tablepopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href='#table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t001'> <img data-lsrc="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/table.png" /> <a class="html-expand html-tablepopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href="#table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t001"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-table_wrap_discription"> <b>Table 1.</b> Characterization of sample. </div> </div> <div class="html-table_show mfp-hide " id="table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t001"> <div class="html-caption"><b>Table 1.</b> Characterization of sample.</div> <table > <thead ><tr ><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Demographic <br>Variable</th><th colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Category</th><th colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >N</th><th colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >%</th></tr></thead><tbody ><tr ><td rowspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Sex</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Male (1) *</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >258</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >58.8%</td></tr><tr ><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Female (2)</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >181</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >41.2%</td></tr><tr ><td rowspan='3' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Nutritional Category<br>(NUTCAT)</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Underweight (1)</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >44</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >10.0%</td></tr><tr ><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Normal weight (2)</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >153</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >34.9%</td></tr><tr ><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Overweight (3)</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >242</td><td colspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >55.1%</td></tr><tr ><td rowspan='7' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Age<br>(in years)</td><td rowspan='3' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Child (1)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >10</td><td rowspan='3' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >261</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >55</td><td rowspan='3' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >59.4%</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >12.5%</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >11</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >100</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >22.8%</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >12</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >106</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >24.1%</td></tr><tr ><td rowspan='4' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Adolescent (2)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >13</td><td rowspan='4' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >178</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >114</td><td rowspan='4' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >40.6%</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >26.0%</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >14</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >51</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >11.6%</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >15</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >11</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >2.5%</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >16</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >2</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.5%</td></tr></tbody> </table> <div class='html-table_foot html-p'><div class='html-p' style='text-indent:0em;'><span class='html-fn-content'>* The numbers in parentheses correspond to the coding assigned in the database.</span></div><div style='clear:both;'></div></div> </div> <div class="html-table-wrap" id="jcm-13-07027-t002"> <div class="html-table_wrap_td"> <div class="html-tablepopup html-tablepopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href='#table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t002'> <img data-lsrc="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/table.png" /> <a class="html-expand html-tablepopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href="#table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t002"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-table_wrap_discription"> <b>Table 2.</b> Cut-off for <span class='html-italic'>p</span>-value and effect sizes. </div> </div> <div class="html-table_show mfp-hide " id="table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t002"> <div class="html-caption"><b>Table 2.</b> Cut-off for <span class='html-italic'>p</span>-value and effect sizes.</div> <table > <thead ><tr ><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Test</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Cut-Off 1</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Cut-Off 2</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Cut-Off 3</th></tr></thead><tbody ><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' ><span class='html-italic'>p</span>-value</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' ><0.050 (acceptable)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' ><0.010 (good)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' > </td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Effect size</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.10 (small)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.30 (medium)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.50 (large)</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> <div class="html-table-wrap" id="jcm-13-07027-t003"> <div class="html-table_wrap_td"> <div class="html-tablepopup html-tablepopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href='#table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t003'> <img data-lsrc="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/table.png" /> <a class="html-expand html-tablepopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7027/display" href="#table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t003"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-table_wrap_discription"> <b>Table 3.</b> Chi-square tests: demographic variables and PL. </div> </div> <div class="html-table_show mfp-hide " id="table_body_display_jcm-13-07027-t003"> <div class="html-caption"><b>Table 3.</b> Chi-square tests: demographic variables and PL.</div> <table > <thead ><tr ><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Demographic Variables</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Parameters</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >MOTLEV</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >KNOLEV</th></tr></thead><tbody ><tr ><td rowspan='4' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Sex</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Value</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >12.403</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >6.650</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Asymptotic significance<br>(bilateral)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >0.006 **</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >0.084</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Degree freedom</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >3</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >3</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Effect size (power 95%)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.198 *</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.198 *</td></tr><tr ><td rowspan='4' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >NUTCAT</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Value</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >15.547</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >11.768</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Asymptotic significance<br>(bilateral)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >0.016 *</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >0.070</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Degree freedom</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >6</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >6</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Effect size (power 95%)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.212 *</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.212 *</td></tr><tr ><td rowspan='4' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Age</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Value</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >24.114</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >60.460</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Asymptotic significance<br>(bilateral)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >0.151</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >0.000 **</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Degree freedom</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >18</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >18</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Effect size (power 95%)</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.230 *</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.230 *</td></tr></tbody> </table> <div class='html-table_foot html-p'><div class='html-p' style='text-indent:0em;'><span class='html-fn-content'>Asymptotic significance (bilateral): ** good fit and * acceptable fit. Effect size (power 95%): * small.</span></div><div style='clear:both;'></div></div> </div> </section><section class='html-fn_group'><table><tr id=''><td></td><td><div class='html-p'><b>Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note:</b> The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.</div></td></tr></table></section> <section id="html-copyright"><br>© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>).</section> </div> </div> <div class="additional-content"> <h2><a name="cite"></a>Share and Cite</h2> <div class="social-media-links" style="text-align: left;"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#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" title="Email"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Relationship+Between+Body+Composition+and+Physical+Literacy+in+Chilean+Children+%2810+to+16+Years%29%3A+An+Assessment+Using+CAPL-2&hashtags=mdpijcm&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3052474&via=JCM_MDPI" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-x-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href=" http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3052474&title=Relationship%20Between%20Body%20Composition%20and%20Physical%20Literacy%20in%20Chilean%20Children%20%2810%20to%2016%20Years%29%3A%20An%20Assessment%20Using%20CAPL-2%26source%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%26summary%3DObjectives%3A%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20evaluate%20the%20levels%20of%20physical%20literacy%20%28PL%29%20in%20school%20children%20%2810%20to%2016%20years%29%20in%20Santiago%2C%20Chile%2C%20and%20to%20explore%20the%20relationship%20between%20PL%20and%20body%20mass%20index%20%28BMI%29.%20In%20addition%2C%20gender%20and%20age%20%5B...%5D" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" title="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Wechat" data-reveal-id="weixin-share-modal"> <i class="fa fa-weixin-square" style="font-size: 26px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" title="Reddit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-reddit-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" title="Mendeley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-mendeley-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> </div> <div class="in-tab" style="padding-top: 0px!important; margin-top: 15px;"> <div><b>MDPI and ACS Style</b></div> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia, N.; Vega-Muñoz, A.; Salazar-Sepúlveda, G.; Contreras-Barraza, N.; Mendoza-Muñoz, M.; Ureta-Paredes, W.; Carabantes-Silva, R. Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2. <em>J. Clin. Med.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>, 7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> <div style="display: block"> <b>AMA Style</b><br> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia N, Vega-Muñoz A, Salazar-Sepúlveda G, Contreras-Barraza N, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Ureta-Paredes W, Carabantes-Silva R. Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2. <em>Journal of Clinical Medicine</em>. 2024; 13(23):7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> <b>Chicago/Turabian Style</b><br> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia, Nicolás, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza, María Mendoza-Muñoz, Wladimir Ureta-Paredes, and Remik Carabantes-Silva. 2024. "Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2" <em>Journal of Clinical Medicine</em> 13, no. 23: 7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> <b>APA Style</b><br> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia, N., Vega-Muñoz, A., Salazar-Sepúlveda, G., Contreras-Barraza, N., Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Ureta-Paredes, W., & Carabantes-Silva, R. (2024). Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2. <em>Journal of Clinical Medicine</em>, <em>13</em>(23), 7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> </div> </div> <div class="info-box no-margin"> Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/announcements/784">here</a>. </div> <h2><a name="metrics"></a>Article Metrics</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div id="loaded_cite_count" style="display:none">No</div> <div id="framed_div_cited_count" class="in-tab" style="display: none; overflow: auto;"></div> <div id="loaded" style="display:none">No</div> <div id="framed_div" class="in-tab" style="display: none; margin-top: 10px;"></div> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div id="article_stats_div" style="display: none; margin-bottom: 1em;"> <h3>Article Access Statistics</h3> <div id="article_stats_swf" ></div> For more information on the journal statistics, click <a href="/journal/jcm/stats">here</a>. <div class="info-box"> Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="supplementaryModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 columns"> <h2>Supplementary Material</h2> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="in-tab"> <ul style="margin:0; list-style: none; overflow: auto;"> <li><a name="supplementary_file1"></a><b>Supplementary File 1:</b> <p> <a href="/2077-0383/13/23/7027/s1?version=1732192302"> ZIP-Document </a> (ZIP, 5 KiB) </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div></div> <div class="webpymol-controls webpymol-controls-template" style="margin-top: 10px; display: none;"> <a class="bzoom">Zoom</a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="borient"> Orient </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="blines"> As Lines </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bsticks"> As Sticks </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bcartoon"> As Cartoon </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bsurface"> As Surface </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bprevscene">Previous Scene</a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bnextscene">Next Scene</a> </div> <div id="scifeed-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> </div> <div id="recommended-articles-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> </div> <div id="author-biographies-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> </div> <div id="cite-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Cite</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns">  <form style="margin:0; padding:0; display:inline;" name="export-bibtex" method="POST" action="/export"> <input type="hidden" name="articles_ids[]" value="1526237"> <input type="hidden" name="export_format_top" value="bibtex"> <input type="hidden" name="export_submit_top" value=""> </form>  <form style="margin:0; padding:0; display:inline;" name="export-endnote" method="POST" action="/export"> <input type="hidden" name="articles_ids[]" value="1526237"> <input type="hidden" name="export_format_top" value="endnote_no_abstract"> <input type="hidden" name="export_submit_top" value=""> </form>  <form style="margin:0; padding:0; display:inline;" name="export-ris" method="POST" action="/export"> <input type="hidden" name="articles_ids[]" value="1526237"> <input type="hidden" name="export_format_top" value="ris"> <input type="hidden" name="export_submit_top" value=""> </form> <div> Export citation file: <a href="javascript:window.document.forms['export-bibtex'].submit()">BibTeX</a> | <a href="javascript:window.document.forms['export-endnote'].submit()">EndNote</a> | <a href="javascript:window.document.forms['export-ris'].submit()">RIS</a> </div> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="in-tab"> <div><b>MDPI and ACS Style</b></div> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia, N.; Vega-Muñoz, A.; Salazar-Sepúlveda, G.; Contreras-Barraza, N.; Mendoza-Muñoz, M.; Ureta-Paredes, W.; Carabantes-Silva, R. Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2. <em>J. Clin. Med.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>, 7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> <div style="display: block"> <b>AMA Style</b><br> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia N, Vega-Muñoz A, Salazar-Sepúlveda G, Contreras-Barraza N, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Ureta-Paredes W, Carabantes-Silva R. Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2. <em>Journal of Clinical Medicine</em>. 2024; 13(23):7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> <b>Chicago/Turabian Style</b><br> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia, Nicolás, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza, María Mendoza-Muñoz, Wladimir Ureta-Paredes, and Remik Carabantes-Silva. 2024. "Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2" <em>Journal of Clinical Medicine</em> 13, no. 23: 7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> <b>APA Style</b><br> <p> Muñoz-Urtubia, N., Vega-Muñoz, A., Salazar-Sepúlveda, G., Contreras-Barraza, N., Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Ureta-Paredes, W., & Carabantes-Silva, R. (2024). Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2. <em>Journal of Clinical Medicine</em>, <em>13</em>(23), 7027. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237027 </p> </div> </div> <div class="info-box no-margin"> Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/announcements/784">here</a>. </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="footer"> <div class="journal-info"> <span> <em><a class="Var_JournalInfo" href="/journal/jcm">J. Clin. Med.</a></em>, EISSN 2077-0383, Published by MDPI </span> <div class="large-right"> <span> <a href="/rss/journal/jcm" class="rss-link">RSS</a> </span> <span> <a href="/journal/jcm/toc-alert">Content Alert</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="row full-width footer-links" data-equalizer="footer" data-equalizer-mq="small"> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Further Information </h3> <a href="/apc"> Article Processing Charges </a> <a href="/about/payment"> Pay an Invoice </a> <a href="/openaccess"> Open Access Policy </a> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact MDPI </a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Jobs at MDPI </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Guidelines </h3> <a href="/authors"> For Authors </a> <a href="/reviewers"> For Reviewers </a> <a href="/editors"> For Editors </a> <a href="/librarians"> For Librarians </a> <a href="/publishing_services"> For Publishers </a> <a href="/societies"> For Societies </a> <a href="/conference_organizers"> For Conference Organizers </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns"> <h3> MDPI Initiatives </h3> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> <a href="https://www.scilit.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com?utm_source=mpdi.com&utm_medium=bottom_menu&utm_campaign=initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 right-border-large-without columns UA_FooterFollowMDPI"> <h3> Follow MDPI </h3> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mdpi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> LinkedIn </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MDPIOpenAccessPublishing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Facebook </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/MDPIOpenAccess" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Twitter </a> </div> <div id="footer-subscribe" class="large-4 large-pull-8 medium-12 small-12 left-border-large columns"> <div class="footer-subscribe__container"> <img class="show-for-large-up" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-white-small.png?71d18e5f805839ab?1739771134" alt="MDPI" title="MDPI Open Access Journals" style="height: 50px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <form id="newsletter" method="POST" action="/subscribe"> <p> Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals </p> <select multiple id="newsletter-journal" class="foundation-select" name="journals[]"> <option value="acoustics">Acoustics</option> <option value="amh">Acta Microbiologica Hellenica</option> <option value="actuators">Actuators</option> <option value="adhesives">Adhesives</option> <option value="admsci">Administrative Sciences</option> <option value="adolescents">Adolescents</option> <option value="arm">Advances in Respiratory Medicine</option> <option value="aerobiology">Aerobiology</option> <option value="aerospace">Aerospace</option> <option value="agriculture">Agriculture</option> <option value="agriengineering">AgriEngineering</option> <option value="agrochemicals">Agrochemicals</option> <option value="agronomy">Agronomy</option> <option value="ai">AI</option> <option value="aisens">AI Sensors</option> <option value="air">Air</option> <option value="algorithms">Algorithms</option> <option value="allergies">Allergies</option> <option value="alloys">Alloys</option> <option value="analytica">Analytica</option> <option value="analytics">Analytics</option> <option value="anatomia">Anatomia</option> <option value="anesthres">Anesthesia Research</option> <option value="animals">Animals</option> <option value="antibiotics">Antibiotics</option> <option value="antibodies">Antibodies</option> <option value="antioxidants">Antioxidants</option> <option value="applbiosci">Applied Biosciences</option> <option value="applmech">Applied Mechanics</option> <option value="applmicrobiol">Applied Microbiology</option> <option value="applnano">Applied Nano</option> <option value="applsci">Applied Sciences</option> <option value="asi">Applied System Innovation</option> <option value="appliedchem">AppliedChem</option> <option value="appliedmath">AppliedMath</option> <option value="aquacj">Aquaculture Journal</option> <option value="architecture">Architecture</option> <option value="arthropoda">Arthropoda</option> <option value="arts">Arts</option> <option value="astronomy">Astronomy</option> <option value="atmosphere">Atmosphere</option> <option value="atoms">Atoms</option> <option value="audiolres">Audiology Research</option> <option value="automation">Automation</option> <option value="axioms">Axioms</option> <option value="bacteria">Bacteria</option> <option value="batteries">Batteries</option> <option value="behavsci">Behavioral Sciences</option> <option value="beverages">Beverages</option> <option value="BDCC">Big Data and Cognitive Computing</option> <option value="biochem">BioChem</option> <option value="bioengineering">Bioengineering</option> <option value="biologics">Biologics</option> <option value="biology">Biology</option> <option value="blsf">Biology and Life Sciences Forum</option> <option value="biomass">Biomass</option> <option value="biomechanics">Biomechanics</option> <option value="biomed">BioMed</option> <option value="biomedicines">Biomedicines</option> <option value="biomedinformatics">BioMedInformatics</option> <option value="biomimetics">Biomimetics</option> <option value="biomolecules">Biomolecules</option> <option value="biophysica">Biophysica</option> <option value="biosensors">Biosensors</option> <option value="biosphere">Biosphere</option> <option value="biotech">BioTech</option> <option value="birds">Birds</option> <option value="blockchains">Blockchains</option> <option value="brainsci">Brain Sciences</option> <option value="buildings">Buildings</option> <option value="businesses">Businesses</option> <option value="carbon">C</option> <option value="cancers">Cancers</option> <option value="cardiogenetics">Cardiogenetics</option> <option value="catalysts">Catalysts</option> <option value="cells">Cells</option> <option value="ceramics">Ceramics</option> <option value="challenges">Challenges</option> <option value="ChemEngineering">ChemEngineering</option> <option value="chemistry">Chemistry</option> <option value="chemproc">Chemistry Proceedings</option> <option value="chemosensors">Chemosensors</option> <option value="children">Children</option> <option value="chips">Chips</option> <option value="civileng">CivilEng</option> <option value="cleantechnol">Clean Technologies</option> <option value="climate">Climate</option> <option value="ctn">Clinical and Translational Neuroscience</option> <option value="clinbioenerg">Clinical Bioenergetics</option> <option value="clinpract">Clinics and Practice</option> <option value="clockssleep">Clocks & Sleep</option> <option value="coasts">Coasts</option> <option value="coatings">Coatings</option> <option value="colloids">Colloids and Interfaces</option> <option value="colorants">Colorants</option> <option value="commodities">Commodities</option> <option value="complications">Complications</option> <option value="compounds">Compounds</option> <option value="computation">Computation</option> <option value="csmf">Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum</option> <option value="computers">Computers</option> <option value="condensedmatter">Condensed Matter</option> <option value="conservation">Conservation</option> <option value="constrmater">Construction Materials</option> <option value="cmd">Corrosion and Materials Degradation</option> <option value="cosmetics">Cosmetics</option> <option value="covid">COVID</option> <option value="cmtr">Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction</option> <option value="crops">Crops</option> <option value="cryo">Cryo</option> <option value="cryptography">Cryptography</option> <option value="crystals">Crystals</option> <option value="cimb">Current Issues in Molecular Biology</option> <option value="curroncol">Current Oncology</option> <option value="dairy">Dairy</option> <option value="data">Data</option> <option value="dentistry">Dentistry Journal</option> <option value="dermato">Dermato</option> <option value="dermatopathology">Dermatopathology</option> <option value="designs">Designs</option> <option value="diabetology">Diabetology</option> <option value="diagnostics">Diagnostics</option> <option value="dietetics">Dietetics</option> <option value="digital">Digital</option> <option value="disabilities">Disabilities</option> <option value="diseases">Diseases</option> <option value="diversity">Diversity</option> <option value="dna">DNA</option> <option value="drones">Drones</option> <option value="ddc">Drugs and Drug Candidates</option> <option value="dynamics">Dynamics</option> <option value="earth">Earth</option> <option value="ecologies">Ecologies</option> <option value="econometrics">Econometrics</option> <option value="economies">Economies</option> <option value="education">Education Sciences</option> <option value="electricity">Electricity</option> <option value="electrochem">Electrochem</option> <option value="electronicmat">Electronic Materials</option> <option value="electronics">Electronics</option> <option value="ecm">Emergency Care and Medicine</option> <option value="encyclopedia">Encyclopedia</option> <option value="endocrines">Endocrines</option> <option value="energies">Energies</option> <option value="esa">Energy Storage and Applications</option> <option value="eng">Eng</option> <option value="engproc">Engineering Proceedings</option> <option value="entropy">Entropy</option> <option value="eesp">Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings</option> <option value="environments">Environments</option> <option value="epidemiologia">Epidemiologia</option> <option value="epigenomes">Epigenomes</option> <option value="ebj">European Burn Journal</option> <option value="ejihpe">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education</option> <option value="fermentation">Fermentation</option> <option value="fibers">Fibers</option> <option value="fintech">FinTech</option> <option value="fire">Fire</option> <option value="fishes">Fishes</option> <option value="fluids">Fluids</option> <option value="foods">Foods</option> <option value="forecasting">Forecasting</option> <option value="forensicsci">Forensic Sciences</option> <option value="forests">Forests</option> <option value="fossstud">Fossil Studies</option> <option value="foundations">Foundations</option> <option value="fractalfract">Fractal and Fractional</option> <option value="fuels">Fuels</option> <option value="future">Future</option> <option value="futureinternet">Future Internet</option> <option value="futurepharmacol">Future Pharmacology</option> <option value="futuretransp">Future Transportation</option> <option value="galaxies">Galaxies</option> <option value="games">Games</option> <option value="gases">Gases</option> <option value="gastroent">Gastroenterology Insights</option> <option value="gastrointestdisord">Gastrointestinal Disorders</option> <option value="gastronomy">Gastronomy</option> <option value="gels">Gels</option> <option value="genealogy">Genealogy</option> <option value="genes">Genes</option> <option value="geographies">Geographies</option> <option value="geohazards">GeoHazards</option> <option value="geomatics">Geomatics</option> <option value="geometry">Geometry</option> <option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option> <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option> <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option> <option value="glacies">Glacies</option> <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease</option> <option value="grasses">Grasses</option> <option value="greenhealth">Green Health</option> <option value="hardware">Hardware</option> <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option> <option value="hearts">Hearts</option> <option value="hemato">Hemato</option> <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option> <option value="heritage">Heritage</option> <option value="histories">Histories</option> <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option> <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option> <option value="humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="humans">Humans</option> <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option> <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option> <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option> <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option> <option value="immuno">Immuno</option> <option value="idr">Infectious Disease Reports</option> <option value="informatics">Informatics</option> <option value="information">Information</option> <option value="infrastructures">Infrastructures</option> <option value="inorganics">Inorganics</option> <option value="insects">Insects</option> <option value="instruments">Instruments</option> <option value="iic">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</option> <option value="ijerph">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</option> <option value="ijfs">International Journal of Financial Studies</option> <option value="ijms">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</option> <option value="IJNS">International Journal of Neonatal Screening</option> <option value="ijom">International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy</option> <option value="ijpb">International Journal of Plant Biology</option> <option value="ijt">International Journal of Topology</option> <option value="ijtm">International Journal of Translational Medicine</option> <option value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power</option> <option value="ime">International Medical Education</option> <option value="inventions">Inventions</option> <option value="IoT">IoT</option> <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</option> <option value="J">J</option> <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity</option> <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease</option> <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology</option> <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine</option> <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science</option> <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy</option> <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</option> <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology</option> <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses</option> <option value="jemr">Journal of Eye Movement Research</option> <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional Biomaterials</option> <option value="jfmk">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology</option> <option value="jof">Journal of Fungi</option> <option value="jimaging">Journal of Imaging</option> <option value="jintelligence">Journal of Intelligence</option> <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications</option> <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</option> <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</option> <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access & Health Policy</option> <option value="jmms">Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences</option> <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology</option> <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics</option> <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering</option> <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine</option> <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option> <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine</option> <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry</option> <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration</option> <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management</option> <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks</option> <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association</option> <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research</option> <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases</option> <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics</option> <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens</option> <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option> <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option> <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option> <option value="labmed">LabMed</option> <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option> <option value="land">Land</option> <option value="languages">Languages</option> <option value="laws">Laws</option> <option value="life">Life</option> <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option> <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option> <option value="liquids">Liquids</option> <option value="literature">Literature</option> <option value="livers">Livers</option> <option value="logics">Logics</option> <option value="logistics">Logistics</option> <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option> <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option> <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction</option> <option value="machines">Machines</option> <option value="macromol">Macromol</option> <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option> <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option> <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option> <option value="materials">Materials</option> <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option> <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications</option> <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option> <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option> <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="medicina">Medicina</option> <option value="medicines">Medicines</option> <option value="membranes">Membranes</option> <option value="merits">Merits</option> <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option> <option value="metals">Metals</option> <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option> <option value="methane">Methane</option> <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols</option> <option value="metrics">Metrics</option> <option value="metrology">Metrology</option> <option value="micro">Micro</option> <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option> <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option> <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option> <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option> <option value="microwave">Microwave</option> <option value="minerals">Minerals</option> <option value="mining">Mining</option> <option value="modelling">Modelling</option> <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option> <option value="molbank">Molbank</option> <option value="molecules">Molecules</option> <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</option> <option value="muscles">Muscles</option> <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option> <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option> <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option> <option value="ndt">NDT</option> <option value="network">Network</option> <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option> <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option> <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option> <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option> <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA</option> <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option> <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option> <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option> <option value="obesities">Obesities</option> <option value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option value="onco">Onco</option> <option value="optics">Optics</option> <option value="oral">Oral</option> <option value="organics">Organics</option> <option value="organoids">Organoids</option> <option value="osteology">Osteology</option> <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option> <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option> <option value="particles">Particles</option> <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option> <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option> <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option> <option value="pets">Pets</option> <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option> <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option> <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option> <option value="photochem">Photochem</option> <option value="photonics">Photonics</option> <option value="phycology">Phycology</option> <option value="physchem">Physchem</option> <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="physics">Physics</option> <option value="physiologia">Physiologia</option> <option value="plants">Plants</option> <option value="plasma">Plasma</option> <option value="platforms">Platforms</option> <option value="pollutants">Pollutants</option> <option value="polymers">Polymers</option> <option value="polysaccharides">Polysaccharides</option> <option value="populations">Populations</option> <option value="poultry">Poultry</option> <option value="powders">Powders</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceedings</option> <option value="processes">Processes</option> <option value="prosthesis">Prosthesis</option> <option value="proteomes">Proteomes</option> <option value="psychiatryint">Psychiatry International</option> <option value="psychoactives">Psychoactives</option> <option value="psycholint">Psychology International</option> <option value="publications">Publications</option> <option value="qubs">Quantum Beam Science</option> <option value="quantumrep">Quantum Reports</option> <option value="quaternary">Quaternary</option> <option value="radiation">Radiation</option> <option value="reactions">Reactions</option> <option value="realestate">Real Estate</option> <option value="receptors">Receptors</option> <option value="recycling">Recycling</option> <option value="rsee">Regional Science and Environmental Economics</option> <option value="religions">Religions</option> <option value="remotesensing">Remote Sensing</option> <option value="reports">Reports</option> <option value="reprodmed">Reproductive Medicine</option> <option value="resources">Resources</option> <option value="rheumato">Rheumato</option> <option value="risks">Risks</option> <option value="robotics">Robotics</option> <option value="ruminants">Ruminants</option> <option value="safety">Safety</option> <option value="sci">Sci</option> <option value="scipharm">Scientia Pharmaceutica</option> <option value="sclerosis">Sclerosis</option> <option value="seeds">Seeds</option> <option value="sensors">Sensors</option> <option value="separations">Separations</option> <option value="sexes">Sexes</option> <option value="signals">Signals</option> <option value="sinusitis">Sinusitis</option> <option value="smartcities">Smart Cities</option> <option value="socsci">Social Sciences</option> <option value="siuj">Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal</option> <option value="societies">Societies</option> <option value="software">Software</option> <option value="soilsystems">Soil Systems</option> <option value="solar">Solar</option> <option value="solids">Solids</option> <option value="spectroscj">Spectroscopy Journal</option> <option value="sports">Sports</option> <option value="standards">Standards</option> <option value="stats">Stats</option> <option value="stresses">Stresses</option> <option value="surfaces">Surfaces</option> <option value="surgeries">Surgeries</option> <option value="std">Surgical Techniques Development</option> <option value="sustainability">Sustainability</option> <option value="suschem">Sustainable Chemistry</option> <option value="symmetry">Symmetry</option> <option value="synbio">SynBio</option> <option value="systems">Systems</option> <option value="targets">Targets</option> <option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option> <option value="technologies">Technologies</option> <option value="telecom">Telecom</option> <option value="textiles">Textiles</option> <option value="thalassrep">Thalassemia Reports</option> <option value="therapeutics">Therapeutics</option> <option value="thermo">Thermo</option> <option value="timespace">Time and Space</option> <option value="tomography">Tomography</option> <option value="tourismhosp">Tourism and Hospitality</option> <option value="toxics">Toxics</option> <option value="toxins">Toxins</option> <option value="transplantology">Transplantology</option> <option value="traumacare">Trauma Care</option> <option value="higheredu">Trends in Higher Education</option> <option value="tropicalmed">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease</option> <option value="universe">Universe</option> <option value="urbansci">Urban Science</option> <option value="uro">Uro</option> <option value="vaccines">Vaccines</option> <option value="vehicles">Vehicles</option> <option value="venereology">Venereology</option> <option value="vetsci">Veterinary Sciences</option> <option value="vibration">Vibration</option> <option value="virtualworlds">Virtual Worlds</option> <option value="viruses">Viruses</option> <option value="vision">Vision</option> <option value="waste">Waste</option> <option value="water">Water</option> <option value="wild">Wild</option> <option value="wind">Wind</option> <option value="women">Women</option> <option value="world">World</option> <option value="wevj">World Electric Vehicle Journal</option> <option value="youth">Youth</option> <option value="zoonoticdis">Zoonotic Diseases</option> </select> <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email address..." required="required" /> <button class="genericCaptcha button button--dark UA_FooterNewsletterSubscribeButton" type="submit">Subscribe</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-copyright"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 text-left"> © 1996-2025 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated </div> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 small-text-left medium-text-right large-text-right"> <a data-dropdown="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-controls="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-expanded="false" data-options="align:top; is_hover:true; hover_timeout:2000;"> Disclaimer </a> <div id="drop-view-disclaimer" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide text-left" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. </div> <a href="/about/terms-and-conditions"> Terms and Conditions </a> <a href="/about/privacy"> Privacy Policy </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cookie-notification" class="js-allow-cookies" style="display: none;"> <div class="columns large-10 medium-10 small-12"> We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.<br class="show-for-medium-up"/> Read more about our cookies <a href="/about/privacy">here</a>. </div> <div class="columns large-2 medium-2 small-12 small-only-text-left text-right"> <a class="button button--default" href="/accept_cookies">Accept</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Share Link</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="social-media-links UA_ShareModalLinks" style="text-align: left;"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#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" title="Email"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Relationship+Between+Body+Composition+and+Physical+Literacy+in+Chilean+Children+%2810+to+16+Years%29%3A+An+Assessment+Using+CAPL-2&hashtags=mdpijcm&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3052474&via=JCM_MDPI" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-x-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href=" http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3052474&title=Relationship%20Between%20Body%20Composition%20and%20Physical%20Literacy%20in%20Chilean%20Children%20%2810%20to%2016%20Years%29%3A%20An%20Assessment%20Using%20CAPL-2%26source%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%26summary%3DObjectives%3A%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20evaluate%20the%20levels%20of%20physical%20literacy%20%28PL%29%20in%20school%20children%20%2810%20to%2016%20years%29%20in%20Santiago%2C%20Chile%2C%20and%20to%20explore%20the%20relationship%20between%20PL%20and%20body%20mass%20index%20%28BMI%29.%20In%20addition%2C%20gender%20and%20age%20%5B...%5D" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" title="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Wechat" data-reveal-id="weixin-share-modal"> <i class="fa fa-weixin-square" style="font-size: 26px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" title="Reddit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-reddit-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" title="Mendeley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-mendeley-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" title="CiteULike" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-citeulike-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="small-9 columns"> <input id="js-clipboard-text" type="text" readonly value="https://www.mdpi.com/3052474" /> </div> <div class="small-3 columns text-left"> <a class="button button--color js-clipboard-copy" data-clipboard-target="#js-clipboard-text">Copy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="weixin-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="weixin-share-modal-title" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="weixin-share-modal-title" style="margin: 0;">Share</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="weixin-qr-code-section"> <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg width="300" height="300" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <desc>https://www.mdpi.com/3052474</desc> <g id="elements" fill="black" stroke="none"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> </g> </svg> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <a href="#" class="back-to-top"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Back to Top</span><span class="show-for-small">Top</span></a> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js?5227e0738f7f421d?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js?4f252523d4af0b47?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.min.js?6b2ec41c18b29054?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.equalizer.min.js?0f6c549b75ec554c?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.multiselect.js?0edd3998731d1091?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.cycle2.min.js?63413052928f97ee?1739771134"></script> <script> // old browser fix - this way the console log rows won't throw (silent) errors in browsers not supporting console log if (!window.console) window.console = {}; if (!window.console.log) window.console.log = function () { }; var currentJournalNameSystem = "jcm"; $(document).ready(function() { $('select.foundation-select').multiselect({ search: true, minHeight: 130, maxHeight: 130, }); $(document).foundation({ orbit: { timer_speed: 4000, }, reveal: { animation: 'fadeAndPop', animation_speed: 100, } }); $(".chosen-select").each(function(element) { var maxSelected = (undefined !== $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') ? $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') : 100); $(this).on('chosen:ready', function(event, data) { var select = $(data.chosen.form_field); if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-volume') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Volume_Options'); } if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-issue') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Issue_Options'); } }).chosen({ display_disabled_options: false, disable_search_threshold: 7, max_selected_options: maxSelected, width: "100%" }); }); $(".toEncode").each(function(e) { var oldHref = $(this).attr("href"); var newHref = oldHref.replace('.botdefense.please.enable.javascript.','@'); $(this).attr("href", newHref); if (!$(this).hasClass("emailCaptcha")) { $(this).html(newHref.replace('mailto:', '')); } $(this).removeClass("visibility-hidden"); }); $(document).on('opened.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function() { $(document).foundation('equalizer', 'reflow'); }); // fix the images that have tag height / width defined // otherwise the default foundation styles overwrite the tag definitions $("img").each(function() { if ($(this).attr('width') != undefined || $(this).attr('height') != undefined) { $(this).addClass("img-fixed"); } }); $("#basic_search, #advanced_search").submit(function(e) { var searchArguments = false; $(this).find("input,select").not("#search,.search-button").each(function() { if (undefined === $(this).val() || "" === $(this).val()) { $(this).attr('name', null); } else { $(this).attr('name'); searchArguments = true; } }); if (!searchArguments) { window.location = $(this).attr('action'); return false; } }); $(".hide-show-desktop-option").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var parentDiv = $(this).closest("div"); $.ajax({ url: $(this).attr('href'), success: function(msg) { parentDiv.removeClass().hide(); } }); }); $(".generic-toggleable-header").click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass("active"); $(this).next(".generic-toggleable-content").toggleClass("active"); }); /* * handle whole row as a link if the row contains only one visible link */ $("table.new tr").hover(function() { if ($(this).find("td:visible a").length == 1) { $(this).addClass("single-link"); } }, function() { $(this).removeClass("single-link"); }); $("table.new:not(.table-of-tables)").on("click", "tr.single-link", function(e) { var target = $(e.target); if (!e.ctrlKey && !target.is("a")) { $(this).find("td:visible a")[0].click(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link", function(e) { if ($(this).closest("#basic_search").length > 0) { if ($(".search-container__advanced").first().is(":visible")) { openAdvanced() } } if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($(this).hasClass("active")) { $(this).removeClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").addClass("show-for-medium-up"); } else { $(this).addClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").removeClass("show-for-medium-up"); $(document).foundation('orbit', 'reflow'); } } if (undefined !== $(this).data("callback")) { var customCallback = $(this).data("callback"); func = window[customCallback]; func(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-small-search", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).toggleClass("active").closest(".tab-bar").toggleClass("active"); $(".search-container").toggleClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-menu", function(e) { $(".search-container").addClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(window).on('resize', function() { recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); }); updateSearchLabelVisibilities(); recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); if (window.document.documentMode == 11) { $("<link/>", { rel: "stylesheet", type: "text/css", href: "https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"}).appendTo("head"); } }); function recalculate_main_browser_position() { if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-large-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-small-main-top-container")); } } else { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-small-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-large-main-top-container")); } } } function recalculate_responsive_moving_containers() { $(".responsive-moving-container.large").each(function() { var previousParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.active[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); var movingContent = previousParent.html(); if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.small[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else if (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.medium[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.large[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } if (previousParent.attr("class") !== currentParent.attr("class")) { currentParent.html(movingContent); previousParent.html(); currentParent.addClass("active"); previousParent.removeClass("active"); } }); } // cookies allowed is checked from a) local storage and b) from server separately so that the footer bar doesn't // get included in the custom page caches function checkCookiesAllowed() { var cookiesEnabled = localStorage.getItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled"); if (null === cookiesEnabled) { $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_cookie_value/mdpi_cookies_accepted", success: function(data) { if (data.value) { localStorage.setItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled", true); checkDisplaySurvey(); } else { $(".js-allow-cookies").show(); } } }); } else { checkDisplaySurvey(); } } function checkDisplaySurvey() { } window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnAccept', function (e) { var CookieDate = new Date; if (Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { CookieDate.setFullYear(CookieDate.getFullYear() + 1); document.cookie = "mdpi_layout_type_v2=mobile; path=/; expires=" + CookieDate.toUTCString() + ";"; $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").css("display", "inline-block"); } }, false); window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnDecline', function (e) { if (!Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").hide(); if ("" === "desktop") { window.location = "/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"; } } }, false); var hash = $(location).attr('hash'); if ("#share" === hash) { if (1 === $("#main-share-modal").length) { $('#main-share-modal').foundation('reveal', 'open'); } } </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/lib.js?b86ef680a60436c6?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/mdpi.js?c267ce58392b15da?1739771134"></script> <script>var banners_url = 'https://serve.mdpi.com';</script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ifvisible.min.js?c621d19ecb761212?1739771134'></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/affix.js?ac4ea55275297c15?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/clipboard.min.js?3f3688138a1b9fc4?1739771134"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { var helpFunctions = $(".middle-column__help__fixed"); var leftColumnAffix = $(".left-column__fixed"); var middleColumn = $("#middle-column"); var clone = null; helpFunctions.affix({ offset: { top: function() { return middleColumn.offset().top - 8 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 30 : 0); }, bottom: function() { return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 74 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0); } } }); if (leftColumnAffix.length > 0) { clone = leftColumnAffix.clone(); clone.addClass("left-column__fixed__affix"); clone.insertBefore(leftColumnAffix); clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50); clone.affix({ offset: { top: function() { return leftColumnAffix.offset().top - 30 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 50 : 0); }, bottom: function() { return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 92 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0); } } }); } $(window).on("resize", function() { if (clone !== null) { clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50); } }); new ClipboardJS('.js-clipboard-copy'); }); </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-ui-1.13.2.min.js?1e2047978946a1d2?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/slick.min.js?d5a61c749e44e471?1739771134"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(".link-article-menu").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find('span').toggle(); $(this).next("div").toggleClass("active"); }); $(".js-similarity-related-articles").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if ('' !== $('#recommended-articles-modal').attr('data-url')) { $('#recommended-articles-modal').foundation('reveal', 'open', $('#recommended-articles-modal').attr('data-url')); } }); $.ajax({ url: "/article/1526237/similarity-related/show-link", success: function(result) { if (result.show) { $('#recommended-articles-modal').attr('data-url', result.link); $('.js-article-similarity-container').show(); } } }); $("#recommended-articles-modal").on("click", ".ga-title-link-recommended-article", function(e) { var clickEventUrl = $(this).data("click-event-url"); if (typeof clickEventUrl !== "undefined") { fetch(clickEventUrl, { method: "GET", mode: "no-cors" }); } }); $(document).on('opened.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function() { var modal = $(this); if (modal.attr('id') === "author-biographies-modal") { modal.find('.multiple-items').slick({ slidesToShow: 1, nextArrow: '<a class="slick-next" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i></a>', prevArrow: '<a class="slick-prev" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_left</i></a>', slidesToScroll: 1, draggable: false, }); modal.find('.multiple-items').slick('refresh'); } }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (-1 !== window.location.href.indexOf("?src=")) { window.history.replaceState({}, '', `${location.pathname}`); } $(document).ready(function() { var scifeedCounter = 0; var search = window.location.search; var mathjaxReady = false; // late image file loading $("img[data-lsrc]").each(function() { $(this).attr("src", $(this).data("lsrc")); }); // late mathjax initialization var head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]; var script = document.createElement("script"); script.type = "text/x-mathjax-config"; script[(window.opera ? "innerHTML" : "text")] = "MathJax.Hub.processSectionDelay = 0;\n" + "MathJax.Hub.Config({\n" + " \"menuSettings\": {\n" + " CHTMLpreview: false\n" + " },\n" + " \"CHTML-preview\":{\n" + " disabled: true\n" + " },\n" + " \"HTML-CSS\": {\n" + " scale: 90,\n" + " availableFonts: [],\n" + " preferredFont: null,\n" + " preferredFonts: null,\n" + " webFont:\"Gyre-Pagella\",\n" + " imageFont:'TeX',\n" + " undefinedFamily:\"'Arial Unicode MS',serif\",\n" + " linebreaks: { automatic: false }\n" + " },\n" + " \"TeX\": {\n" + " extensions: ['noErrors.js'],\n" + " noErrors: {\n" + " inlineDelimiters: [\"\",\"\"],\n" + " multiLine: true,\n" + " style: {\n" + " 'font-size': '90%',\n" + " 'text-align': 'left',\n" + " 'color': 'black',\n" + " 'padding': '1px 3px',\n" + " 'border': '1px solid'\n" + " }\n" + " }\n" + " }\n" + "});\n" + "MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook('End', function() {\n" + " refreshMathjaxWidths();\n" + " mathjaxReady = true;\n" + "});\n" + "MathJax.Hub.Startup.signal.Interest(function (message) {\n" + " if (message == 'End') {\n" + " var hypoLink = document.getElementById('hypothesis_frame');\n" + " if (null !== hypoLink) {\n" + " hypoLink.setAttribute('src', 'https://commenting.mdpi.com/embed.js');\n" + " }\n" + " }\n" + "});"; head.appendChild(script); script = document.createElement("script"); script.type = "text/javascript"; script.src = "https://pub.mdpi-res.com/bundles/mathjax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"; head.appendChild(script); // article version checker if (0 === search.indexOf('?type=check_update&version=')) { $.ajax({ url: "/2077-0383/13/23/7027" + "/versioncheck" + search, success: function(result) { $(".js-check-update-container").html(result); } }); } $('#feed_option').click(function() { // tracker if ($('#scifeed_clicked').length<1) { $(this).append('<span style="display:none" id="scifeed_clicked">done</span>'); } $('#feed_data').toggle('slide', { direction: 'up'}, '1000'); // slideToggle(700); OR toggle(700) $("#scifeed_error_msg").html('').hide(); $("#scifeed_notice_msg").html('').hide(); }); $('#feed_option').click(function(event) { setTimeout(function(){ var captchaSection = $("#captchaSection"); captchaSection.removeClass('ui-helper-hidden').find('input').prop('disabled', false); // var img = captchaSection.find('img'); // img.attr('src', img.data('url') + "?" + (new Date()).getTime()); // $(".captcha_reload").trigger("click"); var img = document.getElementById('gregwar_captcha_scifeed'); img.src = '/generate-captcha/gcb_captcha?n=' + (new Date()).getTime(); },800); }); $(document).on('click', '.split_feeds', function() { var name = $( this ).attr('name'); var flag = 1 - ($(this).is(":checked")*1); $('.split_feeds').each(function (index) { if ($( this ).attr('name') !== name) { $(this)[0].checked = flag; } }); }); $(document).on('click', '#scifeed_submit, #scifeed_submit1', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); $(".captcha_reload").trigger("click"); $("#scifeed_error_msg").html(""); $("#scifeed_error_msg").hide(); }); $(document).on('click', '.subscription_toggle', function(event) { if ($(this).val() === 'Create SciFeed' && $('#scifeed_hidden_flag').length>0) { event.preventDefault(); // alert('Here there would be a captcha because user is not logged in'); var captchaSection = $("#captchaSection"); if (captchaSection.hasClass('ui-helper-hidden')) { captchaSection.removeClass('ui-helper-hidden').find('input').prop('disabled', false); var img = captchaSection.find('img'); img.attr('src', img.data('url') + "?" + (new Date()).getTime()); $("#reloadCaptcha").trigger("click"); } } }); $(document).on('click', '.scifeed_msg', function(){ $(this).hide(); }); $(document).on('click', '.article-scilit-search', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var data = $(".article-scilit-search-data").val(); var dataArray = data.split(';').map(function(keyword) { return "(\"" + keyword.trim() + "\")"; }); var searchQuery = dataArray.join(" OR "); var searchUrl = encodeURI("https://www.scilit.com/articles/search?q="+ searchQuery + "&advanced=1&highlight=1"); var win = window.open(searchUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { win.focus(); } else { window.location(searchUrl); } }); display_stats(); citedCount(); follow_goto(); // Select the node that will be observed for mutations const targetNodes = document.getElementsByClassName('hypothesis-count-container'); // Options for the observer (which mutations to observe) const config = { attributes: false, childList: true, subtree: false }; // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed const callback = function(mutationList, observer) { for(const mutation of mutationList) { if (mutation.type === 'childList') { let node = $(mutation.target); if (parseInt(node.html()) > 0) { node.show(); } } } }; // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function const observer = new MutationObserver(callback); // Start observing the target node for configured mutations for(const targetNode of targetNodes) { observer.observe(targetNode, config); } // Select the node that will be observed for mutations const mathjaxTargetNode = document.getElementById('middle-column'); // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed const mathjaxCallback = function(mutationList, observer) { if (mathjaxReady && typeof(MathJax) !== 'undefined') { refreshMathjaxWidths(); } }; // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function const mathjaxObserver = new ResizeObserver(mathjaxCallback); // Start observing the target node for configured mutations mathjaxObserver.observe(mathjaxTargetNode); }); /* END $(document).ready */ function refreshMathjaxWidths() { let width = ($('.html-body').width()*0.9) + "px"; $('.MathJax_Display').css('max-width', width); $('.MJXc-display').css('max-width', width); } function sendScifeedFrom(form) { if (!$('#scifeed_email').val().trim()) { // empty email alert('Please, provide an email for subscribe to this scifeed'); return false; } else if (!$('#captchaSection').hasClass('ui-helper-hidden') && !$('#captchaSection').find('input').val().trim()) { // empty captcha alert('Please, fill the captcha field.'); return false; } else if( ((($('#scifeed_form').find('input:checkbox:checked').length)-($('#split_feeds:checked').length))<1) || ($('#scifeed_kwd_txt').length < 0 && !$('#scifeed_kwd_txt').val().trim()) || ($('#scifeed_author_txt').length<0 &&!$('#scifeed_author_txt').val().trim()) ) { alert('You did not select anything to subscribe'); return false; } else if(($('#scifeed_form').find('input:checkbox:checked').length)-($('#split_feeds2:checked').length)<1){ alert("You did not select anything to subscribe"); return false; } else { var url = $('#scifeed_subscribe_url').html(); var formData = $(form).serializeArray(); $.post(url, formData).done(function (data) { if (JSON.parse(data)) { $('.scifeed_msg').hide(); var res = JSON.parse(data); var successFeeds = 0; var errorFeeds = 0; if (res) { $('.scifeed_msg').html(''); $.each(res, function (index, val) { if (val) { if (val.error) { errorFeeds++; $("#scifeed_error_msg").append(index+' - '+val.error+'<br>'); } if (val.notice) // for successful feed creation { successFeeds++; // $("#scifeed_notice_msg").append(index+' - '+val.notice+'<br>'); $("#scifeed_notice_msg").append('<li>'+index+'</li>'); } } }); if (successFeeds>0) { text = $('#scifeed_notice_msg').html(); text = 'The following feed'+(successFeeds>1?'s have':' has')+ ' been sucessfully created:<br><ul>'+ text + '</ul>' +($('#scifeed_hidden_flag').length>0 ? 'You are not logged in, so you probably need to validate '+ (successFeeds>1?'them':' it')+'.<br>' :'' ) +'Please check your email'+(successFeeds>1?'s':'')+' for more details.'; //(successFeeds>1?' for each of them':'')+'.<br>'; $("#scifeed_notice_msg").html(text); $("#scifeed_notice_msg").show(); } if (errorFeeds>0) { $("#scifeed_error_msg").show();; } } $("#feed_data").hide(); } }); } } function follow_goto() { var hashStr = location.hash.replace("#",""); if(typeof hashStr !== 'undefined') { if( hashStr == 'supplementary') { document.getElementById('suppl_id').scrollIntoView(); } if( hashStr == 'citedby') { document.getElementById('cited_id').scrollIntoView(); } } } function cited() { $("#framed_div").toggle('fast', function(){ if ($(this).css('display') != 'none') { var loaded = document.getElementById("loaded"); if(loaded.innerHTML == "No") { // Load Xref result var container = document.getElementById("framed_div"); // This replace the content container.innerHTML = "<img src=\"https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1739771134\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" alt=\"Processing...\" style=\"vertical-align:middle; margin-right:0.6em;\">"; var url = "/citedby/10.3390%252Fjcm13237027/93"; $.post(url, function(result) { if (result.success) { container.innerHTML = result.view; } loaded.innerHTML = "Yes"; }); } } return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... }) return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... } function detect_device() { // Added by Bastien (18/08/2014): based on the http://detectmobilebrowsers.com/ detector var check = false; (function(a){if(/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows (ce|phone)|xda|xiino/i.test(a)||/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i.test(a.substr(0,4)))check = true})(navigator.userAgent||navigator.vendor||window.opera); return check; } function display_stats(){ $("#article_stats_div").toggle(); return false; } /* * Cited By Scopus */ function citedCount(){ $("#framed_div_cited_count").toggle('fast', function(){ if ($(this).css('display') != 'none') { var loaded = document.getElementById("loaded_cite_count"); // to load only once the result! if(loaded.innerHTML == "No") { // Load Xref result var d = document.getElementById("framed_div_cited_count"); // This replace the content d.innerHTML = "<img src=\"https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1739771134\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" alt=\"Processing...\" style=\"vertical-align:middle; margin-right:0.6em;\">"; $.ajax({ method : "POST", url : "/cite-count/10.3390%252Fjcm13237027", success : function(data) { if (data.succ) { d.innerHTML = data.view; loaded.innerHTML = "Yes"; follow_goto(); } } }); } } // end else return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... }) return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... } </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/third-party/highcharts/highcharts.js?bdd06f45e34c33df?1739771134"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/third-party/highcharts/modules/exporting.js?944dc938d06de3a8?1739771134"></script><script type="text/javascript" defer="defer"> var advancedStatsData; var selectedStatsType = "abstract"; $(function(){ var countWrapper = $('#counts-wrapper'); $('#author_stats_id #type_links a').on('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); selectedStatsType = $(this).data('type'); $('#article_advanced_stats').vectorMap('set', 'values', advancedStatsData[selectedStatsType]); $('#advanced_stats_max').html(advancedStatsData[selectedStatsType].max); $('#type_links a').removeClass('active'); $(this).addClass('active'); }); $.get('/2077-0383/13/23/7027/stats', function (result) { if (!result.success) { return; } // process article metrics part in left column var viewNumber = countWrapper.find(".view-number"); viewNumber.html(result.metrics.views); viewNumber.parent().toggleClass("count-div--grey", result.metrics.views == 0); var downloadNumber = countWrapper.find(".download-number"); downloadNumber.html(result.metrics.downloads); downloadNumber.parent().toggleClass("count-div--grey", result.metrics.downloads == 0); var citationsNumber = countWrapper.find(".citations-number"); citationsNumber.html(result.metrics.citations); citationsNumber.parent().toggleClass("count-div--grey", result.metrics.citations == 0); if (result.metrics.views > 0 || result.metrics.downloads > 0 || result.metrics.citations > 0) { countWrapper.find("#js-counts-wrapper__views, #js-counts-wrapper__downloads").addClass("visible").show(); if (result.metrics.citations > 0) { countWrapper.find('.citations-number').html(result.metrics.citations).show(); countWrapper.find("#js-counts-wrapper__citations").addClass("visible").show(); } else { countWrapper.find("#js-counts-wrapper__citations").remove(); } $("[data-id='article-counters']").removeClass("hidden"); } if (result.metrics.altmetrics_score > 0) { $("#js-altmetrics-donut").show(); } // process view chart in main column var jsondata = result.chart; var series = new Array(); $.each(jsondata.elements, function(i, element) { var dataValues = new Array(); $.each(element.values, function(i, value) { dataValues.push(new Array(value.tip, value.value)); }); series[i] = {name: element.text, data:dataValues}; }); Highcharts.setOptions({ chart: { style: { fontFamily: 'Arial,sans-serif' } } }); $('#article_stats_swf').highcharts({ chart: { type: 'line', width: $("#tabs").width() //* 0.91 }, credits: { enabled: false }, exporting: { enabled: true }, title: { text: jsondata.title.text, x: -20 //center }, xAxis: { categories: jsondata.x_axis.labels.labels, offset: jsondata.x_axis.offset, labels:{ step: jsondata.x_axis.labels.steps, rotation: 30 } }, yAxis: { max: jsondata.y_axis.max, min: jsondata.y_axis.min, offset: jsondata.y_axis.offset, labels: { steps: jsondata.y_axis.steps }, title: { enabled: false } }, tooltip: { formatter: function (){ return this.key.replace("#val#", this.y); } }, legend: { align: 'top', itemDistance: 50 }, series: series }); }); $('#supplement_link').click(function() { document.getElementById('suppl_id').scrollIntoView(); }); $('#stats_link').click(function() { document.getElementById('stats_id').scrollIntoView(); }); // open mol viewer for molbank special supplementary files $('.showJmol').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var jmolModal = $("#jmolModal"); var url = "/article/1526237/jsmol_viewer/__supplementary_id__"; url = url.replace(/__supplementary_id__/g, $(this).data('index')); $('#jsmol-content').attr('src', url); jmolModal.find(".content").html($(this).data('description')); jmolModal.foundation("reveal", "open"); }); }); !function() { "use strict"; function e(e) { try { if ("undefined" == typeof console) return; "error"in console ? console.error(e) : console.log(e) } catch (e) {} } function t(e) { return d.innerHTML = '<a href="' + e.replace(/"/g, """) + '"></a>', d.childNodes[0].getAttribute("href") || "" } function n(n, c) { var o = ""; var k = parseInt(n.substr(c + 4, 2), 16); for (var i = c; i < n.length; i += 2) { if (i != c + 4) { var s = parseInt(n.substr(i, 2), 16) ^ k; o += String.fromCharCode(s); } } try { o = decodeURIComponent(escape(o)); } catch (error) { console.error(error); } return t(o); } function c(t) { for (var r = t.querySelectorAll("a"), c = 0; c < r.length; c++) try { var o = r[c] , a = o.href.indexOf(l); a > -1 && (o.href = "mailto:" + n(o.href, a + l.length)) } catch (i) { e(i) } } function o(t) { for (var r = t.querySelectorAll(u), c = 0; c < r.length; c++) try { var o = r[c] , a = o.parentNode , i = o.getAttribute(f); if (i) { var l = n(i, 0) , d = document.createTextNode(l); a.replaceChild(d, o) } } catch (h) { e(h) } } function a(t) { for (var r = t.querySelectorAll("template"), n = 0; n < r.length; n++) try { i(r[n].content) } catch (c) { e(c) } } function i(t) { try { c(t), o(t), a(t) } catch (r) { e(r) } } var l = "/cnd-cgi/l/email-protection#" , u = ".__cf_email__" , f = "data-cfemail" , d = document.createElement("div"); i(document), function() { var e = document.currentScript || document.scripts[document.scripts.length - 1]; e.parentNode.removeChild(e) }() }(); </script><script type="text/javascript"> function setCookie(cname, cvalue, ctime) { ctime = (typeof ctime === 'undefined') ? 10*365*24*60*60*1000 : ctime; // default => 10 years var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + ctime); // ==> 1 hour = 60*60*1000 var expires = "expires="+d.toUTCString(); document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; " + expires +"; path=/"; } function getCookie(cname) { var name = cname + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for(var i=0; i<ca.length; i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1); if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } return ""; } </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js"></script><script> $(document).ready(function() { if ($("#js-similarity-related-data").length > 0) { $.ajax({ url: '/article/1526237/similarity-related', success: function(response) { $("#js-similarity-related-data").html(response); $("#js-related-articles-menu").show(); $(document).foundation('tab', 'reflow'); MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]); } }); } }); </script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.css?80647d88647bf347?1739771134"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/magnific-popup.min.css?04d343e036f8eecd?1739771134"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/magnific-popup.min.js?2be3d9e7dc569146?1739771134"></script><script> $(function() { $(".js-show-more-academic-editors").on("click", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).hide(); $(".academic-editor-container").removeClass("hidden"); }); }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/vmap/jqvmap.min.css?126a06688aa11c13?1739771134"> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/vmap/jquery.vmap.min.js?935f68d33bdd88a1?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/vmap/jquery.vmap.world.js?16677403c0e1bef1?1739771134"></script> <script> function updateSlick() { $('.multiple-items').slick('setPosition'); } $(document).ready(function() { $('.multiple-items').slick({ slidesToShow: 1, nextArrow: '<a class="slick-next" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i></a>', prevArrow: '<a class="slick-prev" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_left</i></a>', slidesToScroll: 1, responsive: [ { breakpoint: 1024, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, } }, { breakpoint: 600, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, } }, { breakpoint: 480, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, } } ] }); $('.multiple-items').show(); $(document).on('click', '.reviewReportSelector', function(e) { let path = $(this).attr('data-path'); handleReviews(path, $(this)); }); $(document).on('click', '.viewReviewReports', function(e) { let versionOne = $('#versionTab_1'); if (!versionOne.hasClass('activeTab')) { let path = $(this).attr('data-path'); handleReviews(path, versionOne); } location.href = "#reviewReports"; }); $(document).on('click', '.reviewersResponse, .authorResponse', function(e) { let version = $(this).attr('data-version'); let targetVersion = $('#versionTab_' + version); if (!targetVersion.hasClass('activeTab')) { let path = targetVersion.attr('data-path'); handleReviews(path, targetVersion); } location.href = $(this).attr('data-link'); }); $(document).on('click', '.tab', function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $('.tab').removeClass('activeTab'); $(this).addClass('activeTab') $('.tab').each(function() { $(this).closest('.tab-title').removeClass('active'); }); $(this).closest('.tab-title').addClass('active') }); }); function handleReviews(path, target) { $.ajax({ url: path, context: this, success: function (data) { $('.activeTab').removeClass('activeTab'); target.addClass('activeTab'); $('#reviewSection').html(data.view); }, error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) { console.log(xhr.status); console.log(thrownError); } }); } </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/affix.js?v1?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/storage.js?e9b262d3a3476d25?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/jquery-scrollspy.js?09cbaec0dbb35a67?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/magnific-popup.js?4a09c18460afb26c?1739771134"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/underscore.js?f893e294cde60c24?1739771134"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $('document').ready(function(){ $("#left-column").addClass("show-for-large-up"); $("#middle-column").removeClass("medium-9").removeClass("left-bordered").addClass("medium-12"); $(window).on('resize scroll', function() { /* if ($('.button--drop-down').isInViewport($(".top-bar").outerHeight())) { */ if ($('.button--drop-down').isInViewport()) { $("#js-button-download").hide(); } else { $("#js-button-download").show(); } }); }); $(document).on('DOMNodeInserted', function(e) { var element = $(e.target); if (element.hasClass('menu') && element.hasClass('html-nav') ) { element.addClass("side-menu-ul"); } }); </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/articles.js?5118449d9ad8913a?1739771134"></script> <script> repositionOpenSideBar = function() { $('#left-column').addClass("show-for-large-up show-for-medium-up").show(); $('#middle-column').removeClass('large-12').removeClass('medium-12'); $('#middle-column').addClass('large-9'); } repositionCloseSideBar = function() { $('#left-column').removeClass("show-for-large-up show-for-medium-up").hide(); $('#middle-column').removeClass('large-9'); $('#middle-column').addClass('large-12').addClass('medium-12'); } </script>   <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing"> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','o2pip'); twq('track','PageView'); </script>  <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'9133fa71ee944d87',t:'MTczOTc3NjQ0NC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Literacy in Chilean Children (10 to 16 Years): An Assessment Using CAPL-2