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Noroozi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Esmat Noroozi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Esmat Noroozi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Esmat Noroozi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Esmat Noroozi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Ranking All of the Efficient DMUs in DEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Sarfi">Elahe Sarfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Noroozi"> Esmat Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Hosseinzadeh%20Lotfi"> Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the important issues in Data Envelopment Analysis is the ranking of Decision Making Units. In this paper, a method for ranking DMUs is presented through which the weights related to efficient units should be chosen in a way that the other units preserve a certain percentage of their efficiency with the mentioned weights. To this end, a model is presented for ranking DMUs on the base of their superefficiency by considering the mentioned restrictions related to weights. This percentage can be determined by decision Maker. If the specific percentage is unsuitable, we can find a suitable and feasible one for ranking DMUs accordingly. Furthermore, the presented model is capable of ranking all of the efficient units including nonextreme efficient ones. Finally, the presented models are utilized for two sets of data and related results are reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title="data envelopment analysis">data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranking" title=" ranking"> ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight" title=" weight "> weight </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30482/ranking-all-of-the-efficient-dmus-in-dea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Efficiency of DMUs in Presence of New Inputs and Outputs in DEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Noroozi">Esmat Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Sarfi"> Elahe Sarfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farha%20Hosseinzadeh%20Lotfi"> Farha Hosseinzadeh Lotfi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Examining the impacts of data modification is considered as sensitivity analysis. A lot of studies have considered the data modification of inputs and outputs in DEA. The issues which has not heretofore been considered in DEA sensitivity analysis is modification in the number of inputs and (or) outputs and determining the impacts of this modification in the status of efficiency of DMUs. This paper is going to present systems that show the impacts of adding one or multiple inputs or outputs on the status of efficiency of DMUs and furthermore a model is presented for recognizing the minimum number of inputs and (or) outputs from among specified inputs and outputs which can be added whereas an inefficient DMU will become efficient. Finally the presented systems and model have been utilized for a set of real data and the results have been reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title="data envelopment analysis">data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input" title=" input"> input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out%20put" title=" out put"> out put</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30483/efficiency-of-dmus-in-presence-of-new-inputs-and-outputs-in-dea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Catalytic Performance of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) in the Synthesis of Pyrazolines </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gharib">Ali Gharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Vojdanifard"> Leila Vojdanifard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Noroozi%20Pesyan"> Nader Noroozi Pesyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Different Pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of substituted chalcone derivatives in presence of hydrazine hydrate. A series of novel 1,3,5-triaryl pyrazoline derivatives has been synthesized by the reaction of chalcone and phenylhydrazine in the presence of the Fe3O4 NPs, in high yields. The structures of compounds obtained were determined by IR and 1H NMR spectra. Fe3O4 NPs was recycled and no appreciable change in activity was noticed after three cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrazoline" title="pyrazoline">pyrazoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chalcone" title=" chalcone"> chalcone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe3O4" title=" Fe3O4"> Fe3O4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22630/catalytic-performance-of-fe3o4-nanoparticles-fe3o4-nps-in-the-synthesis-of-pyrazolines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Relationship Study between Topological Indices in Contrast with Thermodynamic Properties of Amino Acids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Mohammadinasab">Esmat Mohammadinasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Sadeghi"> Mostafa Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study are computed some thermodynamic properties such as entropy and specific heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy and gibbs free energy in 10 type different Aminoacids using Gaussian software with DFT method and 6-311G basis set. Then some topological indices such as Wiener, shultz are calculated for mentioned molecules. Finaly is showed relationship between thermodynamic peoperties and above topological indices and with different curves is represented that there is a good correlation between some of the quantum properties with topological indices of them. The instructive example is directed to the design of the structure-property model for predicting the thermodynamic properties of the amino acids which are discussed here. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title="amino acids">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT%20Method" title=" DFT Method"> DFT Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20descriptor" title=" molecular descriptor"> molecular descriptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20properties" title=" thermodynamic properties "> thermodynamic properties </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23718/the-relationship-study-between-topological-indices-in-contrast-with-thermodynamic-properties-of-amino-acids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Oxidation of Alcohols Types Using Nano-Graphene Oxide (NGO) as Heterogeneous Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gharib">Ali Gharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Vojdanifard"> Leila Vojdanifard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Noroozi%20Pesyan"> Nader Noroozi Pesyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Roshani"> Mina Roshani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe an efficient method for oxidation of alcohols to related aldehydes and ketones by hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent, under reflux conditions. Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) as a heterogeneous catalyst was used and had their activity compared with other various catalysts. This catalyst was found to be an excellent catalyst for oxidation of alcohols. The effects of various parameters, including catalyst type, nature of the substituent in the alcohols and temperature, on the yield of the carboxylic acids were studied. Nano-graphene oxide was synthesized by the oxidation of graphite powders. This nanocatalyst was found to be highly efficient in this reaction and products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The recovered nano-catalyst was successfully reused for several runs without significant loss in its catalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-graphene%20oxide" title="nano-graphene oxide">nano-graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aldehyde" title=" aldehyde"> aldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketone" title=" ketone"> ketone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40536/oxidation-of-alcohols-types-using-nano-graphene-oxide-ngo-as-heterogeneous-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Determining the Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient for Armchair Polyhex BN Nanotubes Using Topological Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Mohammadinasab">Esmat Mohammadinasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate theoretically and establish a predictive model for determination LogP of armchair polyhex BN nanotubes by using simple descriptors. The relationship between the octanol-water partition coefficient (LogP) and quantum chemical descriptors, electric moments, and topological indices of some armchair polyhex BN nanotubes with various lengths and fixed circumference are represented. Based on density functional theory (DFT) electric moments and physico-chemical properties of those nanotubes are calculated. The DFT method performed based on the Becke’s 3-parameter formulation with the Lee-Yang-Parr functional (B3LYP) method and 3-21G standard basis sets. For the first time, the relationship between partition coefficient and different properties of polyhex BN nanotubes is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20indices" title="topological indices">topological indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20descriptors" title=" quantum descriptors"> quantum descriptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT%20method" title=" DFT method"> DFT method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotubes" title=" nanotubes"> nanotubes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23476/determining-the-octanol-water-partition-coefficient-for-armchair-polyhex-bn-nanotubes-using-topological-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> The Effects of a Digital Dialogue Game on Higher Education Students’ Argumentation-Based Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Noroozi">Omid Noroozi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital dialogue games have opened up opportunities for learning skills by engaging students in complex problem solving that mimic real world situations, without importing unwanted constraints and risks of the real world. Digital dialogue games can be motivating and engaging to students for fun, creative thinking, and learning. This study explored how undergraduate students engage with argumentative discourse activities which have been designed to intensify debate. A pre-test, post-test design was used with students who were assigned to groups of four and asked to debate a controversial topic with the aim of exploring various 'pros and cons' on the 'Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)'. Findings reveal that the Digital dialogue game can facilitate argumentation-based learning. The digital Dialogue game was also evaluated positively in terms of students’ satisfaction and learning experiences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumentation" title="argumentation">argumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogue" title=" dialogue"> dialogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20game" title=" digital game"> digital game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55649/the-effects-of-a-digital-dialogue-game-on-higher-education-students-argumentation-based-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> A Phylogenetic Analysis and Effect of NO₃ Regime on the Level of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Thalassiosira weissflogii Isolated from Caspian Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Etesami">Ehsan Etesami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Noroozi"> Mostafa Noroozi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thalassiosira weissflogii with proper size and nutrition value specially PUFA n-3 has been widely used in bivalve shellfish larviculture and shrimp industries. This diatom was isolated from Caspian Sea and identified with morphology and molecular characters. T. weissflogii was cultivated in normal and nitrogen deficiency F2 medium during 18 to 30 days, in addition, the growth indices, total lipid, and EPA-DHA content were elucidated. The growth indices of the cells decreased during the stress experiments while the total lipid levels increased during prolonged culturing (30 days). The maximum level of C20:5 was calculated as 8.8 (%TFA) in normal condition during 30 days; however, the combination of N- deficiency condition with prolonged culturing led to the increase of the level of C22:6 from 3.5 to 12.63 (%TFA). The concept of N-deficiency along with prolonged culturing of Thalassiosira weissflogii can improve PUFA n-3 content in order to use in shellfish and shrimp industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHA" title="DHA">DHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thalassiosira%20weissflogii" title=" Thalassiosira weissflogii"> Thalassiosira weissflogii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20deficiency" title=" nitrogen deficiency"> nitrogen deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPA" title=" EPA"> EPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquafeed" title=" aquafeed"> aquafeed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96632/a-phylogenetic-analysis-and-effect-of-no3-regime-on-the-level-of-n-3-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-in-thalassiosira-weissflogii-isolated-from-caspian-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Identifying the Factors Influencing the Success of the Centers for Distance Knowledge Sharing in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Noroozi%20Chakoli">Abdolreza Noroozi Chakoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to examine the impact of five effective factors on the success of the managers of distance knowledge sharing centers in Iran. To conduct it, 3 centers, including the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI), Scientific Information Database Center (SID), and Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), were selected to study the effect of five factors 'infrastructure of information technology', 'experienced staff', 'specialized staff', 'employee public relations' and 'the geographical location of the establishment' on the success of the centers. ANOVA test, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation test were used to analyze the data. The findings confirmed the effect of all 5 factors on the success of these centers. However, their effects are not the same on each factor. The results show each of these factors is not only individually but also together affect the success of centers for distance knowledge sharing. Moreover, it was demonstrated that there is a correlation between these factors. The results of this study show what factors determine the success of the centers and their efficiency in distance knowledge sharing in Iran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20knowledge%20sharing%20centers" title="distance knowledge sharing centers">distance knowledge sharing centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran%E2%80%99s%20knowledge%20centers" title=" Iran’s knowledge centers"> Iran’s knowledge centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20sharing%20centers" title=" knowledge sharing centers"> knowledge sharing centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staff%20success" title=" staff success "> staff success </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132416/identifying-the-factors-influencing-the-success-of-the-centers-for-distance-knowledge-sharing-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Digital Dialogue Game, Epistemic Beliefs, Argumentation and Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Noroozi">Omid Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Mulder"> Martin Mulder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The motivational potential of educational games is undeniable especially for teaching topics and skills that are difficult to deal with in traditional educational situations such as argumentation competence. Willingness to argue has an association with student epistemic beliefs, which can influence whether, and the way in which students engage in argumentative discourse activities and critical discussion. The goal of this study was to explore how undergraduate students engage with argumentative discourse activities which have been designed to intensify debate, and whether epistemic beliefs are significant to the outcomes. A pre-test, post-test design was used with students who were assigned to groups of four. They were asked to argue a controversial topic with the aim of exploring various perspectives, and the 'pros and cons' on the topic of 'Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)'. The results show that the game facilitated argumentative discourse and a willingness to argue and challenged peers, regardless of students’ epistemic beliefs. Furthermore, the game was evaluated positively in terms of students’ motivation and satisfaction with the learning experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumentation" title="argumentation">argumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudinal%20change" title=" attitudinal change"> attitudinal change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epistemic%20beliefs" title=" epistemic beliefs"> epistemic beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogue" title=" dialogue"> dialogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20game%20objectives%20and%20theoretical" title=" digital game objectives and theoretical"> digital game objectives and theoretical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39383/digital-dialogue-game-epistemic-beliefs-argumentation-and-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Increase Women's Knowledge and Attitude about Breast Cancer and Screening: Using an Educational Intervention in Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitra%20Savabi-Esfahani">Mitra Savabi-Esfahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariba%20Taleghani"> Fariba Taleghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnaz%20%20Noroozi"> Mahnaz Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Tabatabaeian"> Maryam Tabatabaeian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsebeth%20Lynge"> Elsebeth Lynge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is a health concern in worldwide. All women have not adequate information about breast cancer, resulting in undetected some tumors until advanced stages. Therefore awareness of people was recommended as a strategy to control that. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an educational intervention on women's knowledge and attitude about breast cancer and screening. This study was conducted in 2016 on 191 women. All women living in one of big cities were invited to enroll in training classes. Inclusion criteria consisted women who were 20 - 69 years and not participated in any educational intervention. The lecture with group discussion was used as educational methods. Data collection tool was a structured questionnaire which filled out before and after intervention. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The average age was 44/4 ± 11.5 and 42.6% of the women had obtained high school. Of the 191 women, 70(36.6%) and 76(39.8%) had low and medium level of knowledge respectively and half of them, 95(50%) had medium level of attitude in before intervention. There was significant difference between mean scores of knowledge and attitude before and after the intervention by Paired T test (p < 0/001). It seems applying effective educational interventions can increase knowledge and attitude women about breast cancer particularly in community that they have insufficient levels. Moreover, the lecture method along with group discussion can be proposed as effective and conventional methods for this purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20intervention" title=" educational intervention"> educational intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66780/increase-womens-knowledge-and-attitude-about-breast-cancer-and-screening-using-an-educational-intervention-in-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Water and Beverage Consumption among Children and Adolescents in Tehran Metropolitan City of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitra%20Abtahi">Mitra Abtahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Nasseri"> Esmat Nasseri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Abodllahi"> Morteza Abodllahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Adequate hydration is necessary for proper physical and mental function. The aim of this study is to determine the consumption of water and all other beverages in children (8-13 years) and adolescents (14-17 years) in Tehran metropolitan city of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 455 children (8-13 years) and 334 adolescents (14-17 years) were retrieved from north, center, and south of Tehran (18 schools). Instrument for data collection consisted of a “demographic and general health” questionnaire and a “7-day fluid record”. Data analyses were performed with SPSS 16 software. Results: The mean total consumption of fluids in school children was 1302 ± 500.6 ml/day. The highest mean intakes were observed for water (666 ± 398 ml/day), followed by milk (239 ± 183 ml/day), regular soft beverages (RSB) (188 ± 148 ml/day), and juices (60 ± 74 ml/day). Water, hot drinks (mainly tea) and soft drinks intake was significantly more in boys than girls. A significantly lower intake of milk and a higher intake of RSB and hot beverages (mainly tea) have been seen among adolescents compared to children<span dir="RTL">.</span> Conclusion: The most important finding is that mean fluid intake of children and adolescents does not meet international adequate intake references for water and fluids. This finding may suggest the necessity of development of the local references. To improve fluid intake habits of children and adolescents, relevant policy making and actions are warranted<span dir="RTL">.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beverages" title=" beverages"> beverages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82332/water-and-beverage-consumption-among-children-and-adolescents-in-tehran-metropolitan-city-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Functional Yoghurt Enriched with Microencapsulated Olive Leaves Extract Powder Using Polycaprolactone via Double Emulsion/Solvent Evaporation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20El-Messery">Tamer El-Messery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Sanchez-Moya"> Teresa Sanchez-Moya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruben%20Lopez-Nicolas"> Ruben Lopez-Nicolas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaspar%20Ros"> Gaspar Ros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Aly"> Esmat Aly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Olive leaves (OLs), the main by-product of the olive oil industry, have a considerable amount of phenolic compounds. The exploitation of these compounds represents the current trend in food processing. In this study, OLs polyphenols were microencapsulated with polycaprolactone (PCL) and utilized in formulating novel functional yoghurt. PCL-microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. Their total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) contents, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS), and polyphenols bioaccessibility were measured after oral, gastric, and intestinal steps of in vitro digestion. The four yoghurt formulations (containing 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg of PCL-microsphere/100g yoghurt) were evaluated for their pH, acidity, syneresis viscosity, and color during storage. In vitro digestion significantly affected the phenolic composition in non-encapsulated extract while had a lower impact on encapsulated phenolics. Higher protection was provided for encapsulated OLs extract, and their higher release was observed at the intestinal phase. Yoghurt with PCL-microsphere had lower viscosity, syneresis, and color parameters, as compared to control yoghurt. Thus, OLs represent a valuable and cheap source of polyphenols which can be successfully applied, in microencapsulated form, to formulate functional yoghurt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoghurt%20quality%20attributes" title="yoghurt quality attributes">yoghurt quality attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20leaves" title=" olive leaves"> olive leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20and%20flavonoids%20compounds" title=" phenolic and flavonoids compounds"> phenolic and flavonoids compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycaprolactone%20as%20microencapsulant" title=" polycaprolactone as microencapsulant"> polycaprolactone as microencapsulant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135540/functional-yoghurt-enriched-with-microencapsulated-olive-leaves-extract-powder-using-polycaprolactone-via-double-emulsionsolvent-evaporation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Design of Smart Urban Lighting by Using Social Sustainability Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Noroozi">Mohsen Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Khalili"> Maryam Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creating cities, objects and spaces that are economically, environmentally and socially sustainable and which meet the challenge of social interaction and generation change will be one of the biggest tasks of designers. Social sustainability is about how individuals, communities and societies live with each other and set out to achieve the objectives of development model which they have chosen for themselves. Urban lightning as one of the most important elements of urban furniture that people constantly interact with it in public spaces; can be a significant object for designers. Using intelligence by internet of things for urban lighting makes it more interactive in public environments. It can encourage individuals to carry out appropriate behaviors and provides them the social awareness through new interactions. The greatest strength of this technology is its strong impact on many aspects of everyday life and users' behaviors. The analytical phase of the research is based on a multiple method survey strategy. Smart lighting proposed in this paper is an urban lighting designed on results obtained from a collective point of view about the social sustainability. In this paper, referring to behavioral design methods, the social behaviors of the people has been studied. Data show that people demands for a deeper experience of social participation, safety perception and energy saving with the meaningful use of interactive and colourful lighting effects. By using intelligent technology, some suggestions are provided in the field of future lighting to consider the new forms of social sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20pattern" title="behavior pattern">behavior pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability" title=" social sustainability"> social sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20lighting" title=" urban lighting"> urban lighting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91204/design-of-smart-urban-lighting-by-using-social-sustainability-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Time Effective Structural Frequency Response Testing with Oblique Impact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khoo%20Shin%20Yee">Khoo Shin Yee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lian%20Yee%20Cheng"> Lian Yee Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ong%20Zhi%20Chao"> Ong Zhi Chao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zubaidah%20Ismail"> Zubaidah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Noroozi"> Siamak Noroozi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural frequency response testing is accurate in identifying the dynamic characteristic of a machinery structure. In practical perspective, conventional structural frequency response testing such as experimental modal analysis with impulse technique (also known as “impulse testing”) has limitation especially on its long acquisition time. The high acquisition time is mainly due to the redundancy procedure where the engineer has to repeatedly perform the test in 3 directions, namely the axial-, horizontal- and vertical-axis, in order to comprehensively define the dynamic behavior of a 3D structure. This is unfavorable to numerous industries where the downtime cost is high. This study proposes to reduce the testing time by using oblique impact. Theoretically, a single oblique impact can induce significant vibration responses and vibration modes in all the 3 directions. Hence, the acquisition time with the implementation of the oblique impulse technique can be reduced by a factor of three (i.e. for a 3D dynamic system). This study initiates an experimental investigation of impulse testing with oblique excitation. A motor-driven test rig has been used for the testing purpose. Its dynamic characteristic has been identified using the impulse testing with the conventional normal impact and the proposed oblique impact respectively. The results show that the proposed oblique impulse testing is able to obtain all the desired natural frequencies in all 3 directions and thus providing a feasible solution for a fast and time effective way of conducting the impulse testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20response%20function" title="frequency response function">frequency response function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20testing" title=" impact testing"> impact testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20analysis" title=" modal analysis"> modal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20angle" title=" oblique angle"> oblique angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20impact" title=" oblique impact"> oblique impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90683/time-effective-structural-frequency-response-testing-with-oblique-impact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Role of Giardia lamblia Infection in the Pathogenesis of Gastritis in Patients with Dyspepsia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aly%20Kassem">Aly Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20A.%20Sabet"> Eman A. Sabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20A.%20El-Hady"> Hanaa A. El-Hady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doha%20S.%20Mohamed"> Doha S. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Sheneef"> Abeer Sheneef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Fattouh"> Mona Fattouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamdouh%20M.%20Esmat"> Mamdouh M. Esmat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Giardia lamblia parasite is the most common protozoal infection in human. Concomitant Helecobacter Pylori (H. pylori) and Giardia lamblia infection is common for their similar mode of transmission and strong correlation to socioeconomic levels. Only few reports had described gastric giardiasis. Our aim was to detect H. pylori and Giardia in gastric antral mucosal biopsies from patients with dyspepsia. The impact of both pathogens on clinical, endoscopic and histopathogical changes was studied. Methods: 48 patients with dyspepsia (group1) and 28 control patients (patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD for reasons other than dyspepsia), (group 2) were studied. Endoscopic data were reported and gastric biopsy specimens were obtained for subsequent PCR assay for both organisms and for histopathological and electron microscopic examination. Results: Endoscopic antral gastritis and duodenal lesions were found in both groups, however, they were significantly more frequently in group 1 (p= 0.002 and P= 0.0005 respectively). Esophageal lesions, nodular antral gastritis, gastric ulcers and superficial corpal gastritis were found only in group 1. PCR detected H. pylori infection in 58% Vs 64 % for group 1 and group 2 respectively (P: NS). Giardia infection was present in 67 % Vs 42 % for group 1 and group 2 respectively (P=0.0003, Odd ratio=2.6). Co-infection with H. pylori and Giardia was present in 33% of group 1 Vs 36% for group 2 (P:NS). Abnormal histologic findings were found in both groups, however, intestinal metaplasia was found in group 1 only. Cellular abnormalities in the form of cytoplasmic vacuoles, mitochondrial destruction or nuclear abnormalities were found by Electron microscopic study in infected subjects of both groups. Conclusion: H. pylori is not the only gastric pathogen in our community, gastric giardiasis is another pathogen. Its contribution might be a factor in persistent dyspepsia after H. pylori eradication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyspepsia" title="dyspepsia">dyspepsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastritis" title=" gastritis"> gastritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giardia%20lamblia" title=" Giardia lamblia"> Giardia lamblia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20pylori" title=" H. pylori "> H. pylori </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45386/role-of-giardia-lamblia-infection-in-the-pathogenesis-of-gastritis-in-patients-with-dyspepsia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> A Review of Kinematics and Joint Load Forces in Total Knee Replacements Influencing Surgical Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20K.%20Al-Nasser">Samira K. Al-Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Noroozi"> Siamak Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Haratian"> Roya Haratian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Harvey"> Adrian Harvey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A total knee replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure necessary when there is severe pain and/or loss of function in the knee. Surgeons balance the load in the knee and the surrounding soft tissue by feeling the tension at different ranges of motion. This method can be unreliable and lead to early failure of the joint. The ideal kinematics and load distribution have been debated significantly based on previous biomechanical studies surrounding both TKRs and normal knees. Intraoperative sensors like VERASENSE and eLibra have provided a method for the quantification of the load indicating a balanced knee. A review of the literature written about intraoperative sensors and tension/stability of the knee was done. Studies currently debate the quantification of the load in medial and lateral compartments specifically. However, most research reported that following a TKR the medial compartment was loaded more heavily than the lateral compartment. In several cases, these results were shown to increase the success of the surgery because they mimic the normal kinematics of the knee. In conclusion, most research agrees that an intercompartmental load differential of between 10 and 20 pounds, where the medial load was higher than the lateral, and an absolute load of less than 70 pounds was ideal. However, further intraoperative sensor development could help improve the accuracy and understanding of the load distribution on the surgical outcomes in a TKR. A reduction in early revision surgeries for TKRs would provide an improved quality of life for patients and reduce the economic burden placed on both the National Health Service (NHS) and the patient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraoperative%20sensors" title="intraoperative sensors">intraoperative sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20load%20forces" title=" joint load forces"> joint load forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20balancing" title=" load balancing"> load balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20total%20knee%20replacement" title=" and total knee replacement"> and total knee replacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147154/a-review-of-kinematics-and-joint-load-forces-in-total-knee-replacements-influencing-surgical-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Colonization of Candida Albicans on 3D Printed CAD/CAM Complete Denture Versus Conventional Complete Denture: Randomized Controlled Clinical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Helal">Eman Helal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Esmat"> Ahmed M. Esmat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statement of problem: The development of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin dentures has simplified complete denture production. Most of the studies evaluated the mechanical properties of the material, but the hygienic performance of the CAD /CAM denture and their ability to maintain clean surfaces and minimize bacterial accumulation is still lacking. Purpose evaluation of the antibacterial characteristics of the 3D printed CAD/CAM denture and to compare it with the conventional heat polymerized acrylic denture base material. Methodology a total of thirty completely edentulous patients grouped randomly into two groups (Group I: Control group) received conventional heat polymerized acrylic resin complete dentures, (Group II: Test group) received 3D printed (CAD/CAM) dentures (stereolithographic PMMA), Samples of Candida albicans culture swabs were taken after 1 month and 3 months of dentures` insertion. A culture swab was obtained by scrubbing the fitting surface of the upper denture. At each time interval, three swab samples were collected from each patient and were inoculated in three individual culture media. Results: there was a significant difference in the colonization of Candida albicans to the fitting surface of the dentures between both groups (Group I: Conventional denture cases) exhibited more adhesion of Candida Albicans to the fitting surface than did (Group II: CAD/CAM cases) (P<0.05). Conclusion: 3D printed CAD/CAM complete denture showed minimal Candida adherence upon upper denture fitting compared to conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin, which contributes to decreasing the incidence of denture stomatitis which is considered one of the most common problems among complete denture wearers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD%2FCAM%20denture" title="CAD/CAM denture">CAD/CAM denture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=completely%20edentulous" title=" completely edentulous"> completely edentulous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly%20patients" title=" elderly patients"> elderly patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20efficiency" title=" antimicrobial efficiency"> antimicrobial efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20denture" title=" conventional denture"> conventional denture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Candida%20Albicans" title=" Candida Albicans"> Candida Albicans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denture%20stomatitis" title=" denture stomatitis"> denture stomatitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145127/colonization-of-candida-albicans-on-3d-printed-cadcam-complete-denture-versus-conventional-complete-denture-randomized-controlled-clinical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Trade Flow of Small Association Agreements When Rules of Origin Are Relaxed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Kamel">Esmat Kamel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to shed light on the extent to which the Agadir Association agreement has fostered inter regional trade between the E.U_26 and the Agadir_4 countries; once that we control for the evolution of Agadir agreement’s exports to the rest of the world. The next valid question will be regarding any remarkable variation in the spatial/sectoral structure of exports, and to what extent has it been induced by the Agadir agreement itself and precisely after the adoption of rules of origin and the PANEURO diagonal cumulative scheme? The paper’s empirical dataset covering a timeframe from [2000 -2009] was designed to account for sector specific export and intermediate flows and the bilateral structured gravity model was custom tailored to capture sector and regime specific rules of origin and the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Estimator was used to calculate the gravity equation. The methodological approach of this work is considered to be a threefold one which starts first by conducting a ‘Hierarchal Cluster Analysis’ to classify final export flows showing a certain degree of linkage between each other. The analysis resulted in three main sectoral clusters of exports between Agadir_4 and E.U_26: cluster 1 for Petrochemical related sectors, cluster 2 durable goods and finally cluster 3 for heavy duty machinery and spare parts sectors. Second step continues by taking export flows resulting from the 3 clusters to be subject to treatment with diagonal Rules of origin through ‘The Double Differences Approach’, versus an equally comparable untreated control group. Third step is to verify results through a robustness check applied by ‘Propensity Score Matching’ to validate that the same sectoral final export and intermediate flows increased when rules of origin were relaxed. Through all the previous analysis, a remarkable and partial significance of the interaction term combining both treatment effects and time for the coefficients of 13 out of the 17 covered sectors turned out to be partially significant and it further asserted that treatment with diagonal rules of origin contributed in increasing Agadir’s_4 final and intermediate exports to the E.U._26 on average by 335% and in changing Agadir_4 exports structure and composition to the E.U._26 countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agadir%20association%20agreement" title="agadir association agreement">agadir association agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20gravity%20model" title=" structured gravity model"> structured gravity model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchal%20cluster%20analysis" title=" hierarchal cluster analysis"> hierarchal cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20differences%20estimation" title=" double differences estimation"> double differences estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propensity%20score%20matching" title=" propensity score matching"> propensity score matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagonal%20and%20relaxed%20rules%20of%20origin" title=" diagonal and relaxed rules of origin"> diagonal and relaxed rules of origin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61737/the-trade-flow-of-small-association-agreements-when-rules-of-origin-are-relaxed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Four Elements of Zoroastrianism and Sustainable Ecosystems with an Ecological Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Momeni">Esmat Momeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Basari"> Shabnam Basari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Beheshtinia"> Mohammad Beheshtinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to provide a symbolic explanation of the four elements in Zoroastrianism and sustainable ecosystems with an ecological approach. The research method is fundamental and deductive content analysis. Data collection has been done through library and documentary methods and through reading books and related articles. The population and sample of the present study are Yazd city and Iran country after discovering symbolic concepts derived from the theoretical foundations of Zoroastrianism in four elements of water, air, soil, fire and conformity with Iranian architecture with the ecological approach in Yazd city, the sustainable ecosystem it is explained by the system of nature. The validity and reliability of the results are based on the trust and confidence of the research literature. Research findings show that Yazd was one of the bases of Zoroastrianism in Iran. Many believe that the first person to discuss the elements of nature and respect Zoroastrians is the Prophet of this religion. Keeping the environment clean and pure by paying attention to and respecting these four elements. The water element is a symbol of existence in Zoroastrianism, so the people of Yazd used the aqueduct and designed a pool in front of the building. The soil element is a symbol of the raw material of human creation in the Zoroastrian religion, the most readily available material in the desert areas of Yazd, used as bricks and adobes, creating one of the most magnificent roof coverings is the dome. The wind element represents the invisible force of the soul in Creation in Zoroastrianism, the most important application of wind in the windy, which is a highly efficient cooling system. The element of fire, which is always a symbol of purity in Zoroastrianism, is located in a special place in Yazd's Ataskadeh (altar/ temple), where the most important religious prayers are held in and against the fire. Consequently, indigenous knowledge and attention to indigenous architecture is a part of the national capital of each nation that encompasses their beliefs, values, methods, and knowledge. According to studies on the four elements of Zoroastrianism, the link between these four elements are that due to the hot and dry fire at the beginning, it is the fire that begins to follow the nature of the movement in the stillness of the earth, and arises from the heat of the fire and because of vigor and its decreases, cold (wind) emerges, and from cold, humidity and wetness. And by examining books and resources on Yazd's architectural design with an ecological approach to the values of the four elements Zoroastrianism has been inspired, it can be concluded that in order to have environmentally friendly architecture, it is essential to use sustainable architectural principles, to link religious and sacrament culture and ecology through architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title="ecology">ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadruple%20elements%20of%20air" title=" quadruple elements of air"> quadruple elements of air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title=" fire"> fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoroastrian%20religion" title=" Zoroastrian religion"> Zoroastrian religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20ecosystem" title=" sustainable ecosystem"> sustainable ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yazd%20city" title=" Yazd city"> Yazd city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155410/the-four-elements-of-zoroastrianism-and-sustainable-ecosystems-with-an-ecological-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> 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