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id="toc-Adulthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adulthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Adulthood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adulthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_terror_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_terror_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 2011 terror attacks </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2011_terror_attacks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2011 terror attacks subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2011_terror_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Planning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 The attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Arrest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Booking_and_preparations_for_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Booking_and_preparations_for_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Booking and preparations for trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Booking_and_preparations_for_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychiatric_evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychiatric_evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Psychiatric evaluation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychiatric_evaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-trial_hearing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-trial_hearing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Pre-trial hearing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-trial_hearing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_trial_and_conviction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_trial_and_conviction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Criminal trial and conviction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_trial_and_conviction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prison_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prison_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Prison life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prison_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Prison life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Prison_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_activity_and_attempts_at_correspondence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_activity_and_attempts_at_correspondence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Political activity and attempts at correspondence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_activity_and_attempts_at_correspondence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complaints_about_prison_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complaints_about_prison_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Complaints about prison conditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complaints_about_prison_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 2016 civil trial against Norwegian government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 2022 criminal trial resulting from parole petition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-January_2024_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2024_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 January 2024 civil trial against Norwegian government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2024_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2024_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2024_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 November 2024 criminal trial resulting from parole petition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2024_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing_of_legal_aid_and_family_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing_of_legal_aid_and_family_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Financing of legal aid and family situation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing_of_legal_aid_and_family_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings_and_video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings_and_video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Writings and video </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writings_and_video-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Writings and video subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Writings_and_video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forums_and_YouTube" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forums_and_YouTube"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Forums and YouTube </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forums_and_YouTube-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manifesto_–_2083:_A_European_Declaration_of_Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manifesto_–_2083:_A_European_Declaration_of_Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Manifesto – 2083: A European Declaration of Independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manifesto_–_2083:_A_European_Declaration_of_Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Beliefs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Beliefs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Religious views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Links_to_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links_to_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Links to organizations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Links_to_organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Links to organizations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Links_to_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shooting_club" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shooting_club"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Shooting club </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shooting_club-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freemasons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freemasons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Freemasons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freemasons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progress_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progress_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Progress Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progress_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_Defence_League_(EDL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_Defence_League_(EDL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 English Defence League (EDL) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_Defence_League_(EDL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knights_Templar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knights_Templar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Knights Templar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knights_Templar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Anders Behring Breivik</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" > 76 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83" title="أندرس بهرنغ بريفيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أندرس بهرنغ بريفيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Berinq_Breyvik" title="Anders Berinq Breyvik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anders Berinq Breyvik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="অ্যান্ডার্স বেহরিং ব্রেইভিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যান্ডার্স বেহরিং ব্রেইভিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Андэрс Берынг Брэйвік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Андэрс Берынг Брэйвік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Андэрс Бэрынг Брэйвік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Андэрс Бэрынг Брэйвік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Андеш Брайвик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андеш Брайвик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Άντερς Μπέρινγκ Μπρέιβικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άντερς Μπέρινγκ Μπρέιβικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Breivik" title="Anders Breivik – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anders Breivik" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آندرس بریویک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آندرس بریویک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%84%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A7%81_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="아네르스 베링 브레이비크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아네르스 베링 브레이비크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Անդերս Բրեյվիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անդերս Բրեյվիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Breivik" title="Anders Breivik – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anders Breivik" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7" title="אנדרס ברינג בריוויק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנדרס ברינג בריוויק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ანდერს ბერინგ ბრეივიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანდერს ბერინგ ბრეივიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Behring_Breivik" title="Andreas Behring Breivik – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andreas Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%C5%A1s_B%C4%93rings_Breiv%C4%ABks" title="Annešs Bērings Breivīks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Annešs Bērings Breivīks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ആന്തെർസ് ബെഹ്രിങ് ബ്രൈവിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആന്തെർസ് ബെഹ്രിങ് ബ്രൈവിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83" title="اندرس بهرنج بريفيك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندرس بهرنج بريفيك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Андэрс Бэринг Брэйвик – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Андэрс Бэринг Брэйвик" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%93%E3%82%AF" title="アンネシュ・ベーリング・ブレイビク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンネシュ・ベーリング・ブレイビク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="اندرس بېرينگ برېويک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اندرس بېرينگ برېويک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Breivik" title="Anders Breivik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anders Breivik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Breivik" title="Anders Breivik – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anders Breivik" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Андерс Берінґ Брейвік – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Андерс Берінґ Брейвік" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8E%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ئەندرێس بێرینگ برێڤیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندرێس بێرینگ برێڤیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Андерс Беринг Брејвик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Андерс Беринг Брејвик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆண்டர்ஸ் பேரிங் பிரீவிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆண்டர்ஸ் பேரிங் பிரீவிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="แอนเดอส์ เบห์ริง เบรวิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอนเดอส์ เบห์ริง เบรวิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anders Behring Breivik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Брейвик, Андерс Беринг" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Андерс Беринг Брейвік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андерс Беринг Брейвік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="آندرس بحرنگ بریوک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آندرس بحرنگ بریوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breivik_Anders_Bering" title="Breivik Anders Bering – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Breivik Anders Bering" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norwegian domestic terrorist (born 1979)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Breivik" redirects here. For other people with the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Breivik_(surname)" title="Breivik (surname)">Breivik (surname)</a>. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Anders Behring Breivik Fjotolf Hansen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Anders_Behring_Breivik_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Anders_Behring_Breivik_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Anders_Behring_Breivik_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Anders_Behring_Breivik_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Anders_Behring_Breivik_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Anders_Behring_Breivik_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Anders_Behring_Breivik_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="651" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Anders Behring Breivik</div> (1979-02-13) 13 February 1979 (age 46) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Anders Breivik</li> <li>Andrew Berwick</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Norway)" title="Progress Party (Norway)">Progress Party</a> (1999–2006)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Incarcerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Incarcerated">Incarcerated</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">Van bombing</a> (8 counts)</li><li>Attempted bombing (210 counts)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a> (69 counts)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">Attempted murder</a> (32 counts)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trial</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Trial of Anders Behring Breivik">Trial of Anders Behring Breivik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">21 years' <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_Norway" title="Life imprisonment in Norway">preventive detention</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">22 July 2011 Oslo: 15:25 <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a> Utøya: 17:22–18:34 CEST<a href="#cite_note-NotatNBPD-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-BreiviksBevegelser-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B8ya" title="Utøya">Utøya</a>, Norway</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)" title="Labour Party (Norway)">Norwegian Labour Party</a> members and teenagers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Killed</th><td class="infobox-data">77 (8 in Oslo, 69 on Utøya)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">319<a href="#cite_note-died-from-wounds-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapons</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ANFO" title="ANFO">ANFO</a> <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bomb</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Mini-14" title="Ruger Mini-14">Ruger Mini-14</a> rifle <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock 34</a> pistol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Imprisoned at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ringerike_Prison" title="Ringerike Prison">Ringerike Prison</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Fjotolf Hansen<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> (born 13 February 1979), better known by his birth name Anders Behring Breivik (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Norwegian pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[ˈɑ̂nːəʂ ˈbêːrɪŋ ˈbræ̂ɪviːk]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8f\/No-Anders_Behring_Breivik.ogg\/No-Anders_Behring_Breivik.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"No-Anders Behring Breivik.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/No-Anders_Behring_Breivik.ogg/No-Anders_Behring_Breivik.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:No-Anders_Behring_Breivik.ogg" title="File:No-Anders Behring Breivik.ogg">ⓘ</a>),<a href="#cite_note-pronunciation-5">[5]</a> is a Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> terrorist.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> He carried out the <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a> in which he killed eight people by detonating a <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">van bomb</a> at <a href="/wiki/Regjeringskvartalet" title="Regjeringskvartalet">Regjeringskvartalet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, and then killed 69 participants of a <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Youth_League_(Norway)" title="Workers' Youth League (Norway)">Workers' Youth League</a> (AUF) summer camp, in a <a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shooting</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B8ya" title="Utøya">Utøya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_sane-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> After Breivik was found psychologically <a href="/wiki/Competence_(law)" title="Competence (law)">competent to stand trial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Trial of Anders Behring Breivik">his criminal trial</a> was held in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-ClosingArg-16">[16]</a> That year, Breivik was found guilty of <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murder</a>, causing a fatal explosion, and <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Breivik was sentenced to the <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_Norway" title="Life imprisonment in Norway">maximum civilian criminal penalty in Norway</a>, which is 21 years' imprisonment through <a href="/wiki/Preventive_detention" title="Preventive detention">preventive detention</a>, allowing the possibility of one or more extensions for as long as he is deemed a danger to society.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> At the age of 16 in 1995, Breivik was arrested for spraying <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> on walls.<a href="#cite_note-Dagbladet_2012-04-03-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-21">[21]</a> He was not chosen for <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces#Conscription" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">conscription</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norwegian Armed Forces</a>. At the age of 20, he joined the anti-immigration <a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Norway)" title="Progress Party (Norway)">Progress Party</a>, and chaired the local Vest Oslo branch of the party's youth organization in 2002. He joined a gun club in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> He left the Progress Party in 2006. A company he founded was later declared bankrupt.<a href="#cite_note-EarlierCompanyBankrupt-23">[23]</a> He had no declared income in 2009 and his assets were 390,000 kroner (equivalent to $72,063),<a href="#cite_note-dollars-24">[24]</a> according to Norwegian tax authority figures.<a href="#cite_note-DN.se-25">[25]</a> He financed the terror attacks with a total of €130,000;<a href="#cite_note-DN.se-25">[25]</a> nine credit cards gave him access to credit.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBusiness-26">[26]</a> On the day of the attacks, Breivik emailed a <a href="/wiki/Compendium" title="Compendium">compendium</a> of texts entitled "2083: A European Declaration of Independence", describing his militant ideology.<a href="#cite_note-jpost-islamophobia-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-suspect_wanted-30">[30]</a> In them, he stated his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and blamed <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a> for a European "cultural suicide."<a href="#cite_note-Jones20110727-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The text called for the deportation of all Muslims from Europe,<a href="#cite_note-praguepost-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and Breivik wrote that his main <a href="/wiki/Motive_(law)" title="Motive (law)">motive</a> for the attacks was to publicize his manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In it, he cites the purported Napoleon quote, "<a href="/wiki/He_who_saves_his_country,_violates_no_law" title="He who saves his country, violates no law">He who saves his country, violates no law</a>," as justification for the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-Nielsen-36">[36]</a> Two teams of court-appointed <a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychiatry" title="Forensic psychiatry">forensic psychiatrists</a> examined Breivik before <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Trial of Anders Behring Breivik">his trial</a>. The first team diagnosed Breivik with <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">paranoid schizophrenia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> but after this initial finding was criticized,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> a second evaluation concluded that he was not psychotic during the attacks but did have <a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder" title="Narcissistic personality disorder">narcissistic personality disorder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">antisocial personality disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC100412-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-narcissism-40">[40]</a> In prison, Breivik became a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VG-Trump-41">[41]</a> In 2016, Breivik won a partial victory in a lower court;<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> however, the case was lost on appeal in a higher court. Other than that, Breivik has repeatedly but unsuccessfully sued the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Correctional_Service" title="Norwegian Correctional Service">Norwegian Correctional Service</a> and appealed to the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> over solitary confinement and refusal of parole, which Breivik claims violated his <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>. In December 2024, a five-day trial took place in <a href="/wiki/Borgarting_Court_of_Appeal" title="Borgarting Court of Appeal">a court of appeals</a><a href="#cite_note-AppealDec2024-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-2trials2024-44">[44]</a> as Breivik sued the Government of Norway for violating his human rights by keeping him in prison isolation.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Appeal2024Hum-47">[47]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_reports_of_abuse">Early life and reports of abuse</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and reports of abuse">edit</a>]</div> Breivik was born in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> on 13 February 1979,<a href="#cite_note-mass-murder-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dagensnavn1979-49">[49]</a> the son of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Breivik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jens Breivik (page does not exist)">Jens David Breivik</a> [<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Breivik" class="extiw" title="no:Jens Breivik">no</a>] (born 1935), a <a href="/wiki/Sivil%C3%B8konom" title="Siviløkonom">civil economist</a>, who worked as a <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a> for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Norway" title="List of diplomatic missions of Norway">Norwegian Embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and later in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, and Wenche Elisabeth Behring (1946–2013), a nursing assistant. He has a maternal half-sister named Elisabeth, and three paternal half-siblings: Erik, Jan, and Nina.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-50">[50]</a> Breivik began his life in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> until the age of one, when his parents divorced. His family name is Breivik, while Behring, his mother's maiden name, is his <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> and not part of the family name. In 2017, it was reported he had changed his <a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">legal name</a> to Fjotolf Hansen.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nedre_silkestraa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nedre_silkestraa.jpg/220px-Nedre_silkestraa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nedre_silkestraa.jpg/330px-Nedre_silkestraa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nedre_silkestraa.jpg/440px-Nedre_silkestraa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3117" data-file-height="2653" /></a><figcaption>From 1982 to 1994, Breivik lived with his mother in this apartment building in the <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B8yen" title="Skøyen">Skøyen</a> neighbourhood of Oslo's <a href="/wiki/Ullern" title="Ullern">Ullern</a> borough. Previously, he had lived in Oslo's Frogner district (now in <a href="/wiki/Frogner" title="Frogner">Frogner</a> borough).</figcaption></figure> When Breivik was aged four and living in Oslo's <a href="/wiki/Frogner" title="Frogner">Frogner borough</a>, two reports were filed expressing concern about his mental health.<a href="#cite_note-Mummy's_boy-52">[52]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a> in one report made a note of the boy's peculiar smile, suggesting it was not anchored in his emotions but was rather a deliberate response to his environment.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In another report from Norway's National Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (SSBU), concerns were raised about how Breivik was treated by his mother: "[s]he 'sexualised' the young Breivik, hit him, and frequently told him that she wished that he were dead." In the report, Wenche Behring is described as "a woman with an extremely difficult upbringing, <a href="/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder" title="Borderline personality disorder">borderline personality disorder</a> and an all-encompassing if only partially visible depression" who "projects her primitive aggressive and sexual fantasies onto him [Breivik]".<a href="#cite_note-1980sSpecialist2012prohibited-54">[54]</a> The report recommended he be forcibly removed from his mother and placed into foster care, as she was heavily emotionally and psychologically abusive towards him, but this was not carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Child_Welfare_Services" title="Norwegian Child Welfare Services">Child Welfare Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AddedQuoteOne-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-tv2-56">[56]</a> Breivik's mother had fled her abusive home at age 17 and soon after that became a teenage mother. In her thirties, she became pregnant with Anders and married his father, Jens Breivik. During her pregnancy, she moved to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, where Jens worked.<a href="#cite_note-tv2-56">[56]</a> Even before his birth, Breivik's mother developed a disdain for her son. She claimed that he was a "nasty child" and that he was "kicking her on purpose". She had wanted to abort him but by the time she went to a hospital, she had passed the three-month threshold for an <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>. Psychologist reports later stated that she thought that Breivik was a "fundamentally nasty and evil child and determined to destroy her." She stopped <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a> her son early on because he was "sucking the life out of her".<a href="#cite_note-tv2-56">[56]</a> A year after Breivik's birth, his parents' relationship ended. Breivik's mother moved back to <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, where she borrowed<a href="#cite_note-NoAddedQuoteXorigSource-57">[57]</a> Jens Breivik's apartment in the <a href="/wiki/Frogner" title="Frogner">Frogner borough</a>. Neighbours claimed that there were noises of fights and that the mother left her children completely alone for extended periods of time, while she was working as a nurse. In 1981, Breivik's mother applied for <a href="/wiki/Welfare_spending" title="Welfare spending">welfare spending</a> benefits, specifically monetary payment or financial aid;<a href="#cite_note-NoAddedQuoteXorigSource-57">[57]</a> in 1982, she applied for <a href="/wiki/Respite_care" title="Respite care">respite care</a> for her son. She says that she was overwhelmed with the boy and unable to care for him. She described him as "clingy and demanding". Breivik was then placed, in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Child_Welfare_Services" title="Norwegian Child Welfare Services">Child Welfare Service</a>, with a young couple. This couple later told police that the mother, when bringing two-year-old Breivik to the house, had asked that he be allowed to touch the man's <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a> because he had no one to compare himself to in terms of appearance; "He has only ever seen <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">girls' parts</a>", the mother told the couple, according to the couple's undated statement to police.<a href="#cite_note-AddedQuoteTwo-58">[58]</a> In February 1983, on the advice of her neighbours, Breivik's mother sought help from the National Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (SSBU); Breivik and his mother were <a href="/wiki/Patient#Outpatients_and_inpatients" title="Patient">outpatients</a>, and they stayed there during the daytime for about one month. The psychiatrists' conclusion of the stay was that Breivik should be placed in the <a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">foster care</a> system and had to be removed from his mother for him to develop normally. This was based on several observations: Breivik had little emotional engagement and neither showed joy nor cried when he was hurt; he also made no attempts to play with other children, was extremely clean, and became <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxious</a> when his toys were not in order. Psychologists believed that Breivik's mother had punished him and reacted extremely negatively to him displaying emotions leading him to become devoid of any visible emotions. His mother had also claimed that he was unclean and that she constantly had to care for him. Psychologists believed that Breivik had developed <a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">obsessive–compulsive disorder</a> (OCD) because of fear of punishment from his mother. He did not show the normal level of uncleanliness of a four-year-old and had no repertoire on how to express emotions normally. On rare occasions, his long phases of emotional voidness would be interrupted by fits where he would erupt and display extreme uncontrolled emotions.<a href="#cite_note-tv2-56">[56]</a> Reports of the staff said that his mother had told Breivik that she "wished that he was dead" while she knew that she was being observed by health personnel. At the same time she bound him emotionally to her, alternating between great affection and extreme cruelty from one moment to the next. Some nights, Breivik and his mother would share the bed with close body contact.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The psychiatrists concluded this was an unacceptable situation for a four-year-old to be in and the report from 1983 stated: "Anders is a victim of his mother's projections of paranoid-aggressive and sexual fears toward men in general", and "she projects onto him her own primitive, aggressive and sexual fantasies; all the qualities in men that she regards as dangerous and aggressive." Breivik reacted very negatively to his mother and alternated between clinginess, petty aggression and extreme childishness.<a href="#cite_note-tv2-56">[56]</a> The final conclusion of the observation was that the "family is in dire need of help. Anders should be removed from the family and given a better standard of care; the mother is provoked by him and remains in an ambivalent position which prevents him from developing on his own terms. Anders has become an anxious, passive child that averts making contact. He displays a manic defense mechanism of restless activity and a feigned, deflecting smile. Considering the profoundly pathological relationship between Anders and his mother it is crucial to make an early effort to ward off a severely skewed development in the boy." However, Child Welfare Services did not follow this recommendation and instead, he was placed in respite care only during the weekends.<a href="#cite_note-tv2-56">[56]</a> When Breivik's father learned of the situation, he filed for custody. Although Breivik's mother had agreed to have him put in respite care, after Jens had filed for custody she demanded that Breivik be put back into full custody with her. Both the mother and father involved lawyers and eventually, the case was dropped because the Welfare Services thought that they would not be able to provide enough evidence in court to warrant the placement of Breivik in <a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">foster care</a>. One of the main reasons for this was the testimony of staff from the Vigelandsparken Nursery, which Breivik had been attending since 1981, who both described him as a happy child and claimed that nothing was or had been wrong with him all along. The SSBU, however, maintained their stance regarding Breivik, going so far as to state that "urgent action is crucially needed to prevent a severely skewed development in the boy". The SSBU wrote Child Welfare Services a letter claiming that an order should be placed to have Breivik removed by force. In 1984, a hearing in front of Barnevernsnemnda (the municipal child welfare committee) took place on whether Breivik's mother should lose custody of him. The Child Welfare Service lost the case; the agency was represented by a <a href="/wiki/Social_work" title="Social work">social worker</a> with no prior experience representing a case in front of the committee.<a href="#cite_note-NoAddedQuoteXorigSource-57">[57]</a> It was ruled only that the family should be supervised; however, after only three visits, even this supervision was discontinued. Breivik was never again put into respite care or <a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">foster care</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tv2-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_childhood_and_adolescence">Later childhood and adolescence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later childhood and adolescence">edit</a>]</div> Breivik attended Smestad Grammar School, Ris Junior High, <a href="/wiki/Hartvig_Nissen_School" title="Hartvig Nissen School">Hartvig Nissens School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Commerce_School" title="Oslo Commerce School">Oslo Commerce School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gunfar-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> A former classmate recalled that Breivik was an intelligent student, physically stronger than others of the same age, who often took care of people who were bullied.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Breivik lived with his mother and his elder half-sister in the <a href="/wiki/East_End_and_West_End_of_Oslo" title="East End and West End of Oslo">West End of Oslo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-NoAddedQuoteXorigSource-57">[57]</a> regularly visiting his father and stepmother, who had now moved to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, until they divorced when he was 12. His mother remarried to an officer in the Norwegian Army.<a href="#cite_note-Mummy's_boy-52">[52]</a> Breivik chose to be <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmed</a> into the Lutheran <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a> at the age of 15.<a href="#cite_note-Times_Union-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In his adolescence, Breivik's behaviour was described as rebellious. In his early teen years, he was a prolific <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti artist</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> community in <a href="/wiki/East_End_and_West_End_of_Oslo" title="East End and West End of Oslo">Oslo West</a>. He took his graffiti much more seriously than his associates did and was caught by the police on several occasions; <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Child_Welfare_Services" title="Norwegian Child Welfare Services">child welfare services</a> were notified once again and he was fined on two occasions.<a href="#cite_note-Dagbladet_2012-04-03-20">[20]</a> According to Breivik's mother, his father ceased contact with him at the age of 15 after he was caught and fined for spraying graffiti on walls in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Dagbladet_2012-04-03-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-21">[21]</a> It was reported they had not been in contact since then.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> According to Breivik's father, however, it was his son who broke off contact, claiming "I was always willing to see [Anders]," despite his destructive activities.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2012-04-13-69">[69]</a> At this age, Anders fell out with his best friend and broke off contact with the hip-hop community.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Beginning in adolescence, Breivik spent his spare time weight training and started to use <a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">anabolic steroids</a>. He cared a lot about his looks and about appearing big and strong.<a href="#cite_note-Steroids-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adulthood">Adulthood</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adulthood">edit</a>]</div> Breivik was exempt from <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> to <a href="/wiki/Military_service#Norway" title="Military service">military service in the Norwegian Army</a>; he had no military training.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Defence_Security_Department" title="Norwegian Defence Security Department">Norwegian Defence Security Department</a>, which conducts the <a href="/wiki/Vetting" title="Vetting">vetting</a> process, says he was deemed "unfit for service" at the mandatory conscript assessment.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> After age 21, Breivik worked in the customer service department of an unnamed company, working with "people from all countries" and being "kind to everyone".<a href="#cite_note-DN.se-25">[25]</a> A former co-worker described him as an "exceptional colleague",<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> while a close friend of his said he usually had a big <a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">ego</a>. Breivik is reported to have travelled extensively and visited up to 24 countries in the years before the attacks,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Norwegian prosecuting authorities claim that Breivik went to Belarus to meet a woman he had met on a dating website. The same woman later visited him in Oslo.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Norwegian police sent legal requests to sixteen countries to investigate Breivik following his attacks.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> According to acquaintances, in his early twenties Breivik had <a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">cosmetic surgery</a> on his chin, nose and forehead, and was pleased with the results.<a href="#cite_note-Steroids-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011_terror_attacks">2011 terror attacks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2011 terror attacks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planning">Planning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Planning">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terrorist_Anders_Behring_Breivik%27s_fake_police_ID_as_evidence_item_on_display_at_22._juli-senteret_(22_July_Information_Center)_in_Regjeringskvartalet,_Oslo,_Norway._Photo_2018-09-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Terrorist_Anders_Behring_Breivik%27s_fake_police_ID_as_evidence_item_on_display_at_22._juli-senteret_%2822_July_Information_Center%29_in_Regjeringskvartalet%2C_Oslo%2C_Norway._Photo_2018-09-14.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Terrorist_Anders_Behring_Breivik%27s_fake_police_ID_as_evidence_item_on_display_at_22._juli-senteret_%2822_July_Information_Center%29_in_Regjeringskvartalet%2C_Oslo%2C_Norway._Photo_2018-09-14.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Terrorist_Anders_Behring_Breivik%27s_fake_police_ID_as_evidence_item_on_display_at_22._juli-senteret_%2822_July_Information_Center%29_in_Regjeringskvartalet%2C_Oslo%2C_Norway._Photo_2018-09-14.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="3092" /></a><figcaption>Breivik's fake police <a href="/wiki/Identity_document" title="Identity document">ID</a> inside a luggage tag, both used in the 2011 attacks. The items were photographed seven years after the attack; they are on display at the <a href="/wiki/22_July_Information_Centre" title="22 July Information Centre">22 July Information Centre</a>.</figcaption></figure> Breivik claimed that in 2002, at the age of 23, he started a nine-year plan to finance the 2011 attacks, forming his own <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a> business while working at a customer service company. He claimed his company grew to six employees and "several offshore bank accounts", and that he had made his first million <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">kroner</a> at the age of 24. He wrote in his manifesto that he lost 2 million kroner on stock speculation, but still had about 2 million kroner to finance the attack.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBusiness-26">[26]</a> The company was later declared bankrupt and Breivik was reported for several breaches of the law.<a href="#cite_note-EarlierCompanyBankrupt-23">[23]</a> He then moved back to his mother's home in order to save money. The first set of psychiatrists who evaluated him said in their report that his mental health deteriorated at this stage and he entered a state of withdrawal and isolation.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> His declared assets in 2007 were about <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">kr</a> 630,000 (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>76,244<a href="#cite_note-dollars-24">[24]</a>), according to Norwegian tax authority figures.<a href="#cite_note-DN.se-25">[25]</a> He claimed that by 2008 he had about kr 2,000,000 (US$243,332<a href="#cite_note-dollars-24">[24]</a>) and nine credit cards giving him access to €26,000 in credit.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBusiness-26">[26]</a> In May 2009, he founded a farming company called "Breivik Geofarm",<a href="#cite_note-businessregister-80">[80]</a> described as a farming <a href="/wiki/Enkeltpersonforetak" title="Enkeltpersonforetak">sole proprietorship</a> set up to cultivate vegetables, melons, roots, and <a href="/wiki/Tuber" title="Tuber">tubers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBCProfile-81">[81]</a> In 2010, he visited <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> in an attempt to buy illegal weapons. He was unable to obtain a weapon there and decided to use legal channels in Norway instead.<a href="#cite_note-cz_po-82">[82]</a> He bought one semi-automatic 9 mm <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock 34 pistol</a> legally by demonstrating his membership in a pistol club in the police application for a gun license, and the semi-automatic <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Mini-14" title="Ruger Mini-14">Ruger Mini-14</a> rifle by possessing a hunting license.<a href="#cite_note-DB-skyttertaushet-83">[83]</a> Breivik had no declared income in 2009 and his assets amounted to 390,000 kroner ($72,063),<a href="#cite_note-dollars-24">[24]</a> according to Norwegian tax authority figures.<a href="#cite_note-DN.se-25">[25]</a> He stated that in January 2010 his funds were "depleting gradually". On 23 June 2011, a month before the attacks, he paid the outstanding amount on his nine credit cards so he could have access to funds during his preparations.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianBusiness-26">[26]</a> Breivik had covered up the windows of his house. Breivik's former neighbour described him as a "city dweller, who wore expensive shirts and who knew nothing about rural ways". The owner of a local bar, who once worked as a profiler of passengers' body language at <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Airport">Oslo Airport</a>, said there was nothing unusual about Breivik, who was an occasional customer at the bar.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In late June or early July 2011, he moved to a rural area north of <a href="/wiki/%C3%85sta" title="Åsta">Åsta</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C3%85mot" title="Åmot">Åmot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innlandet" title="Innlandet">Innlandet county</a>, about 140 km (87 mi) north-east of Oslo,<a href="#cite_note-VG-perp-85">[85]</a> the site of his farm. According to his manifesto, Breivik used the company as a cover to legally obtain large amounts of artificial <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertiliser</a> and other chemicals for the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/ANFO" title="ANFO">explosives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VG-perp-85">[85]</a> A farming supplier sold Breivik's company six tonnes of fertiliser in May.<a href="#cite_note-reuters6tonnes-86">[86]</a> The newspaper <a href="/wiki/Verdens_Gang" title="Verdens Gang">Verdens Gang</a> reported that after Breivik bought a small quantity of an explosive primer from an online shop in Poland, his name was among sixty passed to the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Security_Service" title="Norwegian Police Security Service">Police Security Service (PST)</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Customs_Service" title="Norwegian Customs Service">Norwegian Customs Service</a> as having used the store to buy products. Speaking to the newspaper, Jon Fitje of PST said the information they found gave no indication of anything suspicious. He sets the cost of the preparations for the attacks at €317,000—"130,000 out of pocket and 187,500 euros in lost revenue over three years." [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]<a href="#cite_note-DN.se-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_attacks">The attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The attacks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_view_of_city_after_July_2011_bombing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Oslo_view_of_city_after_July_2011_bombing.jpg/220px-Oslo_view_of_city_after_July_2011_bombing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Oslo_view_of_city_after_July_2011_bombing.jpg/330px-Oslo_view_of_city_after_July_2011_bombing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Oslo_view_of_city_after_July_2011_bombing.jpg/440px-Oslo_view_of_city_after_July_2011_bombing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2103" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>31 minutes after Breivik's <a href="/wiki/ANFO" title="ANFO">ANFO</a> car bomb detonated in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Day_after_Oslo_bombing-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Day_after_Oslo_bombing-11.jpg/220px-Day_after_Oslo_bombing-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Day_after_Oslo_bombing-11.jpg/330px-Day_after_Oslo_bombing-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Day_after_Oslo_bombing-11.jpg/440px-Day_after_Oslo_bombing-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3932" data-file-height="1694" /></a><figcaption>Flowers laid in front of <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Cathedral" title="Oslo Cathedral">Oslo Cathedral</a> the day after the attacks</figcaption></figure> The first attack was a <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bomb</a> explosion in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> within <a href="/wiki/Regjeringskvartalet" title="Regjeringskvartalet">Regjeringskvartalet</a>, the executive government quarter of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, at 15:25:22 (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>) on 22 July 2011.<a href="#cite_note-NORSAR_seismic_data-87">[87]</a> The bomb was placed inside a van<a href="#cite_note-car-remains-88">[88]</a> next to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">tower block</a> housing the office of then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ccvt-photos-89">[89]</a> The explosion killed eight people and injured at least 209 people, twelve severely.<a href="#cite_note-formell-tiltale-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-ems-response-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-helsedir-rapport-92">[92]</a> The second attack occurred less than two hours later at a youth summer camp on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B8ya" title="Utøya">Utøya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tyrifjorden" title="Tyrifjorden">Tyrifjorden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buskerud" title="Buskerud">Buskerud</a>. The camp was organised by the AUF, the youth wing of the ruling Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)" title="Labour Party (Norway)">Labour Party (AP)</a>. Breivik, dressed in a homemade police uniform and showing false identification,<a href="#cite_note-fake-uniform1-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-fake-uniform2-94">[94]</a> took a ferry to the island and opened fire at the participants, methodically killing 69<a href="#cite_note-dtoll-names-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-dtoll-all-names-published-96">[96]</a> and injuring 32 over more than an hour.<a href="#cite_note-ems-response-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-helsedir-rapport-92">[92]</a> Among the dead were friends of Stoltenberg, and the stepbrother of Norway's crown princess <a href="/wiki/Mette-Marit,_Crown_Princess_of_Norway" title="Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway">Mette-Marit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trond-berntsen-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrest">Arrest</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arrest">edit</a>]</div> When the <a href="/wiki/Police_tactical_unit" title="Police tactical unit">police tactical unit</a> <a href="/wiki/Delta_(Norwegian_police_unit)" title="Delta (Norwegian police unit)">Delta</a> based in Oslo arrived on the island and confronted him, he surrendered without resistance.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> After his arrest he was held on the island and interrogated throughout the night, before being moved to a holding cell in Oslo. Breivik admitted to the crimes and said the purpose of the attack was to save Norway and Western Europe from a Muslim takeover, and that the Labour Party had to "pay the price" for "letting down Norway and the Norwegian people."<a href="#cite_note-nrk1-99">[99]</a> After his arrest, Breivik referred to himself as "the greatest monster since <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a>."<a href="#cite_note-quisling-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Booking_and_preparations_for_trial">Booking and preparations for trial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Booking and preparations for trial">edit</a>]</div> On 25 July 2011, Breivik was charged with violating paragraph 147a of the Norwegian criminal code,<a href="#cite_note-Ruling2011-07-25-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> "destabilising or destroying basic functions of society" and "creating serious fear in the population",<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz1-103">[103]</a> both of which are acts of terrorism under Norwegian law. He was held for eight weeks, the first four in solitary confinement, pending further court proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-Ruling2011-07-25-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-suspect_hints-104">[104]</a> The custody was extended in subsequent hearings.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The indictment was ready in early March 2012. The <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Public_Prosecutions#Norway" title="Director of Public Prosecutions">Director of Public Prosecutions</a> had initially decided to censor the document to the public, leaving out the names of the victims as well as details about their deaths. Due to the public's reaction, this decision was reversed prior to its release.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> On 30 March, the <a href="/wiki/Borgarting_Court_of_Appeal" title="Borgarting Court of Appeal">Borgarting Court of Appeal</a> announced that it had scheduled the expected appeal case for 15 January 2013. It would be heard in the same specially-constructed courtroom where the initial criminal case was tried.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Breivik was kept at <a href="/wiki/Ila_Detention_and_Security_Prison" title="Ila Detention and Security Prison">Ila Detention and Security Prison</a> after arrest. There, he had at his disposal three prison cells: one where he could rest, sleep, and watch DVDs and TV, a second that was set up for him to use a computer without the Internet, and a third with gymnasium equipment. Only selected prison staff with special qualifications were allowed to work around him, and the prison management aimed to not let his presence as a high-security prisoner affect any of the other inmates.<a href="#cite_note-VG2601-108">[108]</a> Subsequent to the January 2012 lifting of letters and visitors censorship for Breivik, he received several inquiries from private individuals,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> and he devoted his time to writing back to like-minded people. According to one of his attorneys, Breivik was curious to learn whether his manifesto has begun to take root in society. Breivik's attorneys, in consultation with Breivik, considered whether to have some of his interlocutors called as witnesses during the trial.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Media outlets, both Norwegian and international, requested to interview Breivik. The first such was cancelled by the prison administration following a background check of the journalist in question. A second interview was agreed to by Breivik, and the prison requested a background check to be done by the police in the country of the journalist. No information was divulged about the media organisations in question.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychiatric_evaluation">Psychiatric evaluation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Psychiatric evaluation">edit</a>]</div> Breivik underwent his first <a href="/wiki/Psychological_evaluation" title="Psychological evaluation">examination</a> by court-appointed <a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychiatrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Forensic psychiatrist">forensic psychiatrists</a> in 2011. The psychiatrists diagnosed him with <a href="/wiki/Paranoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranoid">paranoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>, concluding that he had developed the <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">disorder</a> over time and was <a href="/wiki/Psychotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotic">psychotic</a> both when he carried out the attacks and during the observation. He was also diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">abuse of non-dependence-producing substances</a> antecedent of 22 July. The psychiatrists consequently found Breivik to be <a href="/wiki/Insanity_defense" title="Insanity defense">criminally insane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FORENSIC01-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> According to the report, Breivik displayed <a href="/wiki/Mood_congruence" title="Mood congruence">inappropriate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reduced_affect_display" title="Reduced affect display">blunted affect</a> and a severe <a href="/wiki/Empathy#Impairment" title="Empathy">lack of empathy</a>. He spoke incoherently in <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologisms</a> and had acted <a href="/wiki/Compulsive_behavior" title="Compulsive behavior">compulsively</a> based on a universe of bizarre, <a href="/wiki/Grandiose_delusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandiose delusions">grandiose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delusion" title="Delusion">delusional</a> thoughts. Breivik alluded to himself as the future <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of Norway, master of life and death, while calling himself "inordinately loving" and "Europe's most perfect <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knight</a> since WWII". He was convinced that he was a warrior in a "low-intensity civil war" and had been chosen to <a href="/wiki/Messiah_complex" title="Messiah complex">save his people</a>. Breivik described plans to carry out further "executions of categories A, B and C traitors" by the thousands, the psychiatrists included, and to organize Norwegians in reservations for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selective breeding</a>. Breivik believed himself to be the "knight <a href="/wiki/Justiciar" title="Justiciar">Justiciar</a> grand master" of a <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_in_popular_culture" title="Knights Templar in popular culture">Templar</a> organisation. He was deemed to be suicidal and homicidal by the psychiatrists.<a href="#cite_note-FORENSIC01-112">[112]</a> According to his defence attorney, Breivik initially expressed surprise and felt insulted by the conclusions in the report. He later said "this provides new opportunities".<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The outcome of Breivik's first competency evaluation was fiercely debated in Norway by mental health experts, over the court-appointed psychiatrists' opinion and the country's definition of criminal insanity.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph0401-116">[116]</a> An extended panel of experts from the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Board_of_Forensic_Medicine" title="Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine">Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine</a> reviewed the submitted report and approved it "with no significant remarks".<a href="#cite_note-DRK01-117">[117]</a> News in the meantime emerged that the psychiatric medical staff in charge of treating prisoners at <a href="/wiki/Ila_Detention_and_Security_Prison" title="Ila Detention and Security Prison">Ila Detention and Security Prison</a> did not make any observations that suggested he had either psychosis, depression or was suicidal. According to senior psychiatrist Randi Rosenqvist, who was commissioned by the prison to examine Breivik, he rather appeared to have <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">personality disorders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph0401-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-VG0601-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Counsels representing families and victims filed requests that the court order a second opinion, while the prosecuting authority and Breivik's lawyer initially did not want new experts to be appointed. On 13 January 2012, after much public pressure, the Oslo District Court ordered a second expert panel to evaluate Breivik's mental state.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> He initially refused to cooperate with new psychiatrists.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> He later changed his mind and in late February a new period of psychiatric observation, this time using different methods than the first period, was begun. If the original diagnosis had been upheld by the court, it would have meant that Breivik could not be sentenced to a prison term. The prosecution could instead have requested that he be detained in a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Norway" title="List of hospitals in Norway">hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Medical advice would then have determined whether or not the courts decided to release him at some later point. If considered a perpetual danger to society, Breivik could have been kept in confinement for life.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Shortly after the second period of pre-trial psychiatric observation was begun, the prosecution said it expected Breivik would be declared legally insane.<a href="#cite_note-Sky20120303-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Province20120302-125">[125]</a> On 10 April 2012, the second psychiatric evaluation was published with the conclusion that Breivik was not psychotic during the attacks and he was not psychotic during their evaluation.<a href="#cite_note-BBC100412-39">[39]</a> Instead, they diagnosed <a href="/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder" title="Antisocial personality disorder">antisocial personality disorder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder" title="Narcissistic personality disorder">narcissistic personality disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-narcissism-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Breivik expressed hope at being declared sane in a letter sent to several Norwegian newspapers shortly before his trial, in which he wrote about the prospect of being sent to a psychiatric ward: "I must admit this is the worst thing that could have happened to me as it is the ultimate humiliation. To send a political activist to a mental hospital is more sadistic and evil than to kill him! It is a fate worse than death."<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> On 8 June 2012, Professor of Psychiatry <a href="/wiki/Ulrik_Fredrik_Malt" title="Ulrik Fredrik Malt">Ulrik Fredrik Malt</a> testified in court as an expert witness, saying he found it unlikely that Breivik had schizophrenia. According to Malt, Breivik primarily had <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourette_syndrome" title="Tourette syndrome">Tourette syndrome</a>, narcissistic personality disorder and possibly <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoid</a> psychosis.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Malt cited a number of factors in support of his diagnoses, including deviant behaviour as a child, extreme specialization in Breivik's study of weapons and bomb technology, strange facial expression, a remarkable way of talking, and an obsession with numbers.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Eirik Johannesen disagreed, concluding that Breivik was lying and was not delusional or psychotic.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Johannesen had observed and spoken to Breivik for more than twenty hours.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-trial_hearing">Pre-trial hearing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pre-trial hearing">edit</a>]</div> In the pre-trial hearing, in February 2012, Breivik read a prepared statement demanding to be released and treated as a hero for his "pre-emptive attack against traitors" accused of planning <a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">cultural genocide</a>. He said, "They are committing, or planning to commit, cultural destruction, including deconstruction of the Norwegian ethnic group and deconstruction of Norwegian culture. This is the same as ethnic cleansing."<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criminal_trial_and_conviction">Criminal trial and conviction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Criminal trial and conviction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Trial of Anders Behring Breivik">Trial of Anders Behring Breivik</a></div> The criminal trial of Breivik began on 16 April 2012 in <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Courthouse" title="Oslo Courthouse">Oslo Courthouse</a> under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Oslo_District_Court" title="Oslo District Court">Oslo District Court</a>. The appointed prosecutors were <a href="/wiki/Inga_Bejer_Engh" title="Inga Bejer Engh">Inga Bejer Engh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Svein_Holden" title="Svein Holden">Svein Holden</a> with <a href="/wiki/Geir_Lippestad" title="Geir Lippestad">Geir Lippestad</a> serving as Breivik's lead counsel for the defence. Closing arguments were held on 22 June.<a href="#cite_note-ClosingArg-16">[16]</a> On 24 August 2012, Breivik was adjudged sane at the time the crimes were committed and sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_Norway" title="Life imprisonment in Norway">preventive detention</a> for a period of 21 years—the maximum penalty in Norway; with a minimum non-parole period of 10 years which is the longest minimum sentence available.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> This sentence allows the court to continue Breivik's detention indefinitely, five years at a time for as long as the prosecuting authority deems it necessary in order to protect society. Whilst Breivik pleaded not guilty, Breivik did not appeal the sentence, and on 8 September, the media announced that the verdict was final.<a href="#cite_note-TV_2_AS-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Breivik announced that he did not recognize the legitimacy of the court and therefore did not accept its decision—he decided not to appeal, saying this would legitimize the authority of the Oslo District Court.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-TV_2_AS-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prison_life">Prison life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Prison life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skien_fengsel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Skien_fengsel.jpg/170px-Skien_fengsel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Skien_fengsel.jpg/255px-Skien_fengsel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Skien_fengsel.jpg/340px-Skien_fengsel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption>The entrance of Skien Prison, formally known as Telemark fengsel, Skien avdeling in <a href="/wiki/Skien" title="Skien">Skien</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></figcaption></figure> Since August 2011, Breivik has been imprisoned in an SHS section (a prison section with "particularly high security"—"særlig høy sikkerhet").<a href="#cite_note-Verdictp2-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In March 2022, Breivik was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Ringerike_Prison" title="Ringerike Prison">Ringerike Prison</a>;<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit">[update]</a>, he is in an SHS section. There is another prisoner in the section, but Breivik is completely<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> separated from that prisoner.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Verdictp12-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Breivik's earlier prison transfers consisted of his being transferred on 23 July 2012 from Ila Detention and Security Prison in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rum" title="Bærum">Bærum</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> to Skien Prison, formally known as Telemark fengsel, Skien avdeling, in <a href="/wiki/Skien" title="Skien">Skien</a>, county <a href="/wiki/Telemark" title="Telemark">Telemark</a>,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> and his being transferred back to Ila on 28 September 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Verdictp2-140">[140]</a> In 2023, Breivik chose to put a stop<a href="#cite_note-StopVisitsNettav-150">[150]</a> to receiving further <a href="/wiki/Prison_visitor" title="Prison visitor">prison visitor</a> visits including from the <a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain" title="Military chaplain">military chaplain</a> (ranked <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a>) that Breivik had been seeing every two weeks since<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> 2015.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-sksoker-153">[153]</a> His mother visited him five times before her death in 2013<a href="#cite_note-Verdictp3-154">[154]</a> and researcher <a href="/wiki/Mattias_Gardell" title="Mattias Gardell">Mattias Gardell</a> interviewed Breivik in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-expressen1-155">[155]</a> but no other visitor requested by Breivik has been granted access.<a href="#cite_note-Verdictp3-154">[154]</a> Breivik is isolated from the other inmates and only has contact with healthcare workers and guards.<a href="#cite_note-NewsComAu-156">[156]</a> The type of isolation that Breivik has experienced in prison is what the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (ECtHR) calls <a href="/wiki/Solitary_confinement" title="Solitary confinement">relative social isolation</a>, according to a verdict of 2016 in Oslo District Court.<a href="#cite_note-Verdictp3-154">[154]</a> In November 2020, Breivik had an interaction with another prisoner for the first time, in the presence of at least seven <a href="/wiki/Prison_officer" title="Prison officer">prison officers</a>; the prisoners played cards and talked for around one or two hours; the other prisoner chose to not have a third meeting with Breivik, according to media reports in January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In Norway, it is not uncommon to grant compensatory measures to prisoners who are being held in isolation for several years. As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit">[update]</a>, he has access in his cell -between 9 am and 2:30 pm—to a personal computer (with seals that impede unauthorised opening of the computer panels), that he uses to write letters.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Earlier reports—in 2016—said that he has an <a href="/wiki/Typewriter#Electronic_typewriters" title="Typewriter">electric typewriter</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a> (without internet connection) in his cell.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Previously, when the original verdict was upheld in September 2012, his permission for access to a computer (without internet) in his prison cell ended. Breivik enrolled in a bachelor's degree program in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>; he passed two courses in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In 2015, he claimed in a letter that harsh prison conditions had forced him to drop out.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-163">[163]</a> According to a statement by his lawyer, Breivik had become a <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> in prison.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-164">[164]</a> The government denied him parole in Q3 2024. An earlier decision saw the government denying him parole in 2021, and the court system upheld that decision in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Since his imprisonment, Breivik has identified himself as a <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> and a Nazi,<a href="#cite_note-Dagen191115-168">[168]</a> as well as a practitioner of <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Odinism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dagen191115-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogeneratedvl-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Expo14-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_activity_and_attempts_at_correspondence">Political activity and attempts at correspondence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Political activity and attempts at correspondence">edit</a>]</div> As of 2012, Breivik has written to, among others, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mangs" title="Peter Mangs">Peter Mangs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beate_Zsch%C3%A4pe" title="Beate Zschäpe">Beate Zschäpe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-expressen1-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-VG-20120726-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Views_and_news-173">[173]</a> In 2012, politicians protested Breivik's activities in prison, which they see as him continuing to promote or expose his ideology and possibly encouraging further criminal acts.<a href="#cite_note-VG-20120726-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Views_and_news-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> As with all convicts, his letters are vetted before sending to prevent further crimes. After he came to Skien Prison in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-Verdictp2-140">[140]</a> 5 out of 300 letters that he sent had not been confiscated, he testified in court in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-sksoker-153">[153]</a> By 2016, around 4,000 postal items had been sent to or from Breivik, and about 15 per cent of these (600 items) had been confiscated.<a href="#cite_note-nrk.no-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complaints_about_prison_conditions">Complaints about prison conditions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Complaints about prison conditions">edit</a>]</div> In November 2012, Breivik wrote a 27-page letter of complaints to the prison authorities, talking about the security restrictions he was being held under, claiming that the prison director personally wanted to punish him. In 2014 Breivik threatened to starve himself were his latest list of demands refused; these included "access to a sofa and a bigger gym" and better video games.<a href="#cite_note-LA_Times-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Star-177">[177]</a> In September 2015, Breivik again threatened a <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a> because of deteriorating prison conditions,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-163">[163]</a> but delayed in order to sue the Norwegian Government over prison conditions.<a href="#cite_note-NewsComAu-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government">2016 civil trial against Norwegian government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2016 civil trial against Norwegian government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Anders_Behring_Breivik#Quite_a_mess" title="Talk:Anders Behring Breivik">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>. (January 2025) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Breivik sued the government of Norway; the <a href="/wiki/Trial#Civil" title="Trial">civil trial</a> was held in March 2016.<a href="#cite_note-aftenposten.no-178">[178]</a> The verdict in the lower court was appealed;<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-179">[179]</a> in the appellate court, he lost on all counts, and the supreme court decided not to hear the case.<a href="#cite_note-domstol.no-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reutersappeal-182">[182]</a> Breivik sued the government over his solitary confinement, and his general conditions of imprisonment, including a claim of an excessive use of <a href="/wiki/Handcuffs" title="Handcuffs">handcuffs</a>, frequent strip searches and searches of his cell, including at night.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-183">[183]</a> At the start of the trial, Breivik gave a Nazi salute.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In his testimony, Breivik claimed prison conditions and isolation damaged his health.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-aftenpostenvil-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-sksoker-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-sksoker-153">[153]</a> The government attorney said "the government's primary task is to protect its citizens. To let a convicted terrorist establish a network is dangerous".<a href="#cite_note-Veisende-187">[187]</a> On 20 April 2016, the District Court's verdict<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> said that the conditions of Breivik's imprisonment breached Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, but that Article 8 of the Convention had not been violated—confiscation of letters had been justified.<a href="#cite_note-nrk-189">[189]</a> The verdict in the appeal case handed down in March 2017<a href="#cite_note-domstol.no-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-181">[181]</a> stated that the conditions of his imprisonment did not violate Breivik's rights, and all recommendations were voided.<a href="#cite_note-Reutersappeal-182">[182]</a> In 2017, Norway's Supreme Court decided not to hear the case.<a href="#cite_note-NRK2-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-IndepSC-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition">2022 criminal trial resulting from parole petition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2022 criminal trial resulting from parole petition">edit</a>]</div> In January 2022 a trial was initiated to decide whether to reverse or uphold the District Attorney's refusal of parole.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bip2022jan18-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> The indictment states that the prosecuting authority does not consent to parole because "preventive detention is deemed necessary to protect society".<a href="#cite_note-Bip2022jan18-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> At the start of the trial, Breivik gave several Nazi salutes.<a href="#cite_note-AktorOmBreiviksForklaring-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-200">[200]</a> Breivik testified that he is still a Nazi and will continue to work for <a href="/wiki/White_pride" title="White pride">White Power</a>, but no longer wants to pursue it through violence.<a href="#cite_note-Bip2022jan18-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-161">[161]</a> The verdict said that Breivik appeared to be "obviously mentally disturbed, and with a mind that is difficult for other people to penetrate".<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-KanHaEtPoeng-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-165">[165]</a> Some psychiatrists watched media broadcasts from the trial and claimed that Breivik appeared to be mentally ill,<a href="#cite_note-NettavisenKotich-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> in particular that he appeared to be <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychotic</a> and delusional.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-NettavisenKotich-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-208">[208]</a> Another forensic psychiatrist disagreed with comments that Breivik was psychotic and said he may have <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2024_civil_trial_against_Norwegian_government">January 2024 civil trial against Norwegian government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: January 2024 civil trial against Norwegian government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Anders_Behring_Breivik#Quite_a_mess" title="Talk:Anders Behring Breivik">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>. (January 2025) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> On 8 January 2024, <a href="/wiki/Oslo_District_Court" title="Oslo District Court">the court</a> convened inside <a href="/wiki/Ringerike_Prison" title="Ringerike Prison">Breivik's prison</a>; the lawsuit accuses the government of negatively affecting<a href="#cite_note-Something-209">[209]</a> Breivik's <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> by depriving him of contact with others. The prosecution discussed how Breivik's two latest risk evaluations conclude that Breivik is still viewed as a great risk to others.<a href="#cite_note-DayTwoRidi-210">[210]</a> In his testimony, Breivik said "many years have passed since I had any meaningful relationships",<a href="#cite_note-XmasLunch-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-Something-209">[209]</a> that he is using <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressants</a>, and that he is struggling with thoughts about taking his own life.<a href="#cite_note-Something-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-DayTwoRidi-210">[210]</a> When asked how he views his 2011 attack, Breivik replied that "I was radicalised over two years. I am very sorry about my actions".<a href="#cite_note-DayTwoRidi-210">[210]</a> In a report by <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Security_Service" title="Norwegian Police Security Service">PST</a> that was referred to in court, Breivik is characterised as a "saint" in international circles of the extreme right. Breivik said that "PST is not saying that I am still dangerous, but they are saying that I have an inspirational effect.".<a href="#cite_note-Something-209">[209]</a> The government prosecutor said that Breivik's prison conditions are much better than what was said in court.<a href="#cite_note-OutsiderMailDagbladet-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-DayTwoRidi-210">[210]</a> Some journalists observed that unlike in previous trials, Breivik did not try to spread propaganda or make Nazi salutes.<a href="#cite_note-XmasLunch-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Breivik's lawyer claims that the Norwegian government is violating Breivik's human rights regarding prohibitions against torture and inhumane treatment, and for having violated Breivik's rights regarding <a href="/wiki/Personal_life" title="Personal life">personal life</a> and <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">family life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> The trial ended on 12 January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-HnBrøtSammJan12Dbl-215">[215]</a> On 15 February, it was determined his human rights were not being violated and he will still be kept under isolation.<a href="#cite_note-:1-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Appeal2024Hum-47">[47]</a> The trial in court of appeal was scheduled for December 2024. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2024_criminal_trial_resulting_from_parole_petition">November 2024 criminal trial resulting from parole petition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: November 2024 criminal trial resulting from parole petition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion with: Information about the trial, but without excessive details. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (January 2025)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In April 2024, the court suggested that the trial regarding the possibility for parole be postponed until November. A psychologist who has been an expert witness in Breivik's trial in January was in a relationship with the main government attorney. The government replaced the expert witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-ExternEval-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-OneRemovedOtherReplaced-218">[218]</a> Day Two of the trial was on 19 November 2024.<a href="#cite_note-ExternEval-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Breivik testified (and was allotted 45 minutes).<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Breivik lost the November trial;<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> he can appeal.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing_of_legal_aid_and_family_situation">Financing of legal aid and family situation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Financing of legal aid and family situation">edit</a>]</div> Breivik is receiving <a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_aid" title="Legal aid">legal aid</a> (as of 2024) from the law firm of Øystein Storrvik—his lawyer since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-KanHaEtPoeng-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-aftenposten1-225">[225]</a> Previously, the firm of <a href="/wiki/Geir_Lippestad" title="Geir Lippestad">Geir Lippestad</a> did <a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a> representation of Breivik after the 2012 trial.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Legal aid during criminal trials has been paid by the government, as is the norm in the country. On 23 March 2013, Breivik's mother died from complications from cancer.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> On the same day, it was reported that mother and son "took farewell during a meeting at <a href="/wiki/Ila_Detention_and_Security_Prison" title="Ila Detention and Security Prison">Ila</a> last week. Breivik was permitted to move himself out from behind the glass wall of the visit room—to give his mother a farewell hug".<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Breivik asked prison officials for permission to attend his mother's funeral service;<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> permission was denied.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings_and_video">Writings and video</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Writings and video">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forums_and_YouTube">Forums and YouTube</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Forums and YouTube">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Janne_Kristiansen" title="Janne Kristiansen">Janne Kristiansen</a>, then Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Security_Service" title="Norwegian Police Security Service">Norwegian Police Security Service</a> (PST), said Breivik "deliberately desisted from violent exhortations on the net [and] has more or less been a moderate, and has neither been part of any extremist network."<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> He is reported to have written many posts on the <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamophobic">anti-Muslim</a> website <a href="/wiki/Document.no" title="Document.no">document.no</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NRK-232">[232]</a> He also attended a meeting of "Documents venner" (Friends of Document), affiliated with the website, in late 2009,<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> and reportedly sought to start a Norwegian version of the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a> in cooperation with the owners of document.no.<a href="#cite_note-dn230711-234">[234]</a> After expressing initial interest, they turned down his proposal because he did not have the contacts he promised.<a href="#cite_note-dn230711-234">[234]</a> Due to the media attention on his Internet activity following the 2011 attacks, document.no compiled a complete list of comments made by Breivik on its website between September 2009 and June 2010.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Breivik was also very active writing on the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a> websites <a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a>—with several thousand posts<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a>—and nordisk.nu,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> as well as mainstream newspapers such as <a href="/wiki/Verdens_Gang" title="Verdens Gang">Verdens Gang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aftenposten" title="Aftenposten">Aftenposten</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Six hours before the attacks, Breivik posted a picture of himself as a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Templar" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Templar">Knight Templar</a> officer in a uniform festooned with a gold <a href="/wiki/Aiguillette" title="Aiguillette">aiguillette</a> and multiple medals he had not been awarded.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> In the video, he included an animation depicting Islam as a <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> The video, which promotes fighting against Islam, shows Breivik wearing a wetsuit and holding a semi-automatic weapon.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manifesto_–_2083:_A_European_Declaration_of_Independence">Manifesto – 2083: A European Declaration of Independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Manifesto – 2083: A European Declaration of Independence">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Content">Content</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Content">edit</a>]</div> Breivik prepared a document titled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence.<a href="#cite_note-link-242">[242]</a> It runs to 1,518 pages and is credited to "Andrew Berwick" (an Anglicization of Breivik's name).<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> In it, he cites the purported Napoleon quote, "<a href="/wiki/He_who_saves_his_country,_violates_no_law" title="He who saves his country, violates no law">He who saves his country, violates no law</a>," as justification for the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-Nielsen-36">[36]</a> Breivik admitted in court that it was mostly other people's writings he had copied and pasted from different websites.<a href="#cite_note-cut-and-paste-245">[245]</a> The file was e-mailed to 1,003 addresses about 90 minutes before the bomb blast in Oslo.<a href="#cite_note-link-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> The document describes two years of preparation of unspecified attacks, supposedly planned for late 2011, involving a rented <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Crafter" title="Volkswagen Crafter">Volkswagen Crafter</a> van (small enough not to require a truck driving licence) loaded with 1,160 kilograms (2,560 lb) of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive (<a href="/wiki/ANFO" title="ANFO">ANFO</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Mini-14" title="Ruger Mini-14">Ruger Mini-14</a> <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">semi-automatic rifle</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock 34 pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Body_armor" title="Body armor">personal armour</a> (including a <a href="/wiki/Shield" title="Shield">shield</a>), <a href="/wiki/Caltrop" title="Caltrop">caltrops</a>, and police insignias. It reported Breivik spent thousands of hours gathering email addresses from Facebook for distribution of the document, and that he rented a farm as a cover for a fake farming company buying <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> (three tons for producing explosives and three tons of a harmless kind to avoid suspicion) and as a lab. It describes burying a crate with the armour in the woods in July 2010, collecting it on 4 July 2011, and abandoning his plan to replace it with survival gear because he did not have a second pistol. It also expresses support for far-right groups such as the <a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a><a href="#cite_note-link-242">[242]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitaries</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(paramilitary)" title="Scorpions (paramilitary)">Scorpions</a> in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> The introductory chapter of the manifesto asserts that <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a> is responsible for social rot. He blames the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a> for the promulgation of political correctness, which he identifies with "<a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">cultural Marxism</a>". Parts of these sections are plagiarized from Political Correctness: A Short History of an Ideology by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Paul Weyrich</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Free_Congress_Research_and_Education_Foundation" title="Free Congress Research and Education Foundation">Free Congress Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Major parts of the compendium are attributed to the pseudonymous Norwegian blogger <a href="/wiki/Fjordman" title="Fjordman">Fjordman</a>, while Serbian writer, <a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%91a_Trifkovi%C4%87" title="Srđa Trifković">Srđa Trifković</a>, is quoted in a number of places.<a href="#cite_note-dagbladet.no-2011-breiviks-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-dagbladet.no-2011a-breiviks-251">[251]</a> The text also copies sections of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Society_and_Its_Future" title="Industrial Society and Its Future">Unabomber manifesto</a>, without giving credit, while replacing the words "leftists" with "cultural Marxists" and "black people" with "muslims".<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> described American influences in the writings, observing that the compendium mentions the anti-Islamist American <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Spencer" title="Robert B. Spencer">Robert Spencer</a> 64 times and cites Spencer's works at great length.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-254">[254]</a> The work of <a href="/wiki/Bat_Ye%27or" title="Bat Ye'or">Bat Ye'or</a> is frequently cited.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Conservative blogger <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Geller" title="Pamela Geller">Pamela Geller</a> is also mentioned as a source of inspiration.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-254">[254]</a> Breivik blames feminism for allowing the erosion of the fabric of European society<a href="#cite_note-Jones20110727-31">[31]</a> and advocates a restoration of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a> which he claims would save European culture.<a href="#cite_note-Jones20110727-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Norway_Killer's_Hatred_of_Women-256">[256]</a> India, and in particular <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a>, figures repeatedly in the manifesto where he expresses praise and admiration for Hindu nationalist groups. He claimed to have attempted to reach out to Indians through email and Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> In his writings Breivik also states that he wants to see European policies on <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> and immigration more similar to those of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a><a href="#cite_note-killer-259">[259]</a> which he said are "not far from cultural conservatism and nationalism at its best".<a href="#cite_note-TeleD-260">[260]</a> He expressed his admiration for the "<a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">monoculturalism</a>" of Japan and for Japan and South Korea's refusal to accept refugees.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aso-262">[262]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> describes his support for Israel as a "far-right Zionism".<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> He calls all "nationalists" to join in the struggle against "cultural Marxists/multiculturalists".<a href="#cite_note-jpost-islamophobia-27">[27]</a> He also expressed his admiration of the Russian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, finding him "a fair and resolute leader worthy of respect", though he was "unsure at this point whether he has the potential to be our best friend or our worst enemy." Putin's spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> has denounced Breivik's actions as the "delirium of a madman".<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Analysis">Analysis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_R._Teitelbaum" title="Benjamin R. Teitelbaum">Benjamin R. Teitelbaum</a>, former professor of Nordic Studies (current professor of <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicology</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a>, argues that several parts of the manifesto suggest that Breivik was concerned about race, not only about Western culture or Christianity, labelling him as a <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dagbladet1-265">[265]</a> Thomas Hegghammer of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Defence_Research_Establishment" title="Norwegian Defence Research Establishment">Norwegian Defence Research Establishment</a> described the ideologies of Breivik as "not fitting the established categories of right-wing ideology, like <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a>", but more akin to <a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">pan-nationalism</a> and a "new doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilisations" class="mw-redirect" title="Clash of Civilisations">civilisational war</a>".<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Norwegian social scientist <a href="/wiki/Lars_Gule" title="Lars Gule">Lars Gule</a> characterised Breivik as a "<a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">national conservative</a>, not a Nazi".<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Pepe Egger of the think-tank Exclusive Analysis says "the bizarre thing is that his ideas, as Islamophobic as they are, are almost mainstream in many European countries".<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> In one section of the manifesto titled "Battlefield Wikipedia", Breivik explained the importance of using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> as a venue for disseminating views and information to the general public,<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> although the Norwegian professor Arnulf Hagen claims that this was a document that he had copied from another author and that Breivik was unlikely to be a contributor to Wikipedia.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> According to the leader of the Norwegian chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> an account belonging to Breivik has been identified.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> On the second day of his trial, Breivik cited Wikipedia as the main source for his worldview.<a href="#cite_note-wikipedia-272">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Influence">Influence</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> Breivik's manifesto 2083: A European Declaration of Independence circulated in online fascist forums where strategies were set and tactics debated.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> terrorist <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings#Perpetrator" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Brenton Harrison Tarrant</a>, who killed 51 people (all Muslims) and injured 50 more during the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a> at <a href="/wiki/Al_Noor_Mosque,_Christchurch" title="Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch">Al Noor Mosque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linwood_Islamic_Centre" title="Linwood Islamic Centre">Linwood Islamic Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, New Zealand, mentioned Breivik in his manifesto The Great Replacement as one of the far-right mass murderers and killers he supports. Tarrant said he "only really took true inspiration from Knight Justiciar Breivik" even going as far as to claim "brief contact" with him and his organization Knights' Templar.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> With the exception of the Christchurch shootings, Breivik's influence on the tactics of far-right terrorists appeared to be rather limited.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Beliefs">edit</a>]</div> Breivik had been active on several anti-Islamic and nationalist blogs, including <a href="/wiki/Document.no" title="Document.no">document.no</a>,<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bangstad-279">[279]</a> and was a regular reader of <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Vienna" title="Gates of Vienna">Gates of Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Brussels_Journal" title="The Brussels Journal">the Brussels Journal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> He cited Jihad Watch 162 times in his 2011 manifesto,<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> and cited <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pipes" title="Daniel Pipes">Daniel Pipes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Forum" title="Middle East Forum">Middle East Forum</a> a further 18 times.<a href="#cite_note-CAPmis-282">[282]</a> Breivik frequently praised the writings of blogger <a href="/wiki/Fjordman" title="Fjordman">Fjordman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> He used Fjordman's thinking to justify his actions, citing him 111 times in the manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> In 2016, however, Breivik stated that he had in reality been a "<a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">national socialist</a>", or Nazi, since age twelve, read <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a> at age fourteen, and that he had in later years only disguised himself as a <a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">counter-jihadist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> In 2022, he blamed the neo-Nazi organisation <a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a> for having radicalised him to the use of violence, and that this group carried the main responsibility for the terror attacks.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> After studying several militant groups, including the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">IRA</a>, <a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a> and others, Breivik suggests far-right militants should adopt <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>'s methods, learn from their success, and avoid their mistakes.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> Breivik described al-Qaeda as the "most successful revolutionary force in the world" and praised their "cult of martyrdom".<a href="#cite_note-wikipedia-272">[272]</a> He stated that the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> is a project to create "<a href="/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory" title="Eurabia conspiracy theory">Eurabia</a>"<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> and describes the <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a> as being authorised by "criminal <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western European</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> leaders".<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> In his writings, Breivik stated that "the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna" title="Battle of Vienna">Battle of Vienna</a> in 1683 should be celebrated as the Independence Day for all Western Europeans as it was the beginning of the end for the second Islamic wave of Jihads".<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> The manifesto urges the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalists</a> to drive <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Muslims</a> out of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> It demands the forced <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> of all Muslims from Europe, based on the model of the <a href="/wiki/Bene%C5%A1_decrees" title="Beneš decrees">Beneš decrees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-praguepost-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> In a letter Breivik sent to international media in 2014, he stated that he had exploited "counterjihadist" rhetoric as a means to protect "ethno-nationalists" and instead start a media hunt against "anti-nationalist counterjihadist"-supporters, in a strategy he calls "double psychology".<a href="#cite_note-Expo14-170">[170]</a> Breivik further stated that he strives for a "pure Nordic ideal", advocating the establishment of a similar party in Norway to the neo-Nazi <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a>, and identifying himself as a part of "Western Europe's <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> movement".<a href="#cite_note-Expo14-170">[170]</a> Moreover, he stated that his "support" for <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> is limited for it to function as a place to deport "disloyal <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Expo14-170">[170]</a> During the trial in 2012, Breivik listed as his influences a number of neo-Nazi activists, as well as perpetrators of attacks against immigrants and leftists, considering them "heroes".<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> In 2019, he claimed to have converted to democratic <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> This has later been disputed since he still identifies as a "national socialist" and is possibly "more radical" than before with advocacy for <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white separatism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Religious views">edit</a>]</div> On 17 April 2012, when asked by Lawyer Siv Hallgren if he is religious, Breivik answered in the affirmative. Later, during the same conversation, he stated: "I am Christian. I believe in God, but I am a bit religious, but not especially religious."<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Breivik has later described his religious faith as being <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Odinism</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">neopagan</a> belief.<a href="#cite_note-Dagen191115-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogeneratedvl-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> While Breivik was frequently described in the media as a "<a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalist</a>",<a href="#cite_note-Andresen-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indeterminate-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-SMH-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> such assertions were disputed in a number of sources,<a href="#cite_note-brown-307">[307]</a> and Breivik has later denied it, stating in letters to Norwegian newspaper <a href="/wiki/Dagen_(Norwegian_newspaper)" title="Dagen (Norwegian newspaper)">Dagen</a> that he "is not, and has never been a Christian", and that he thinks there are few things in the world more "pathetic" than "the Jesus-figure and his message".<a href="#cite_note-Dagen191115-168">[168]</a> He said he prays and sacrifices to <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a>, and identifies his religion as Odinism.<a href="#cite_note-Dagen191115-168">[168]</a> Following his arrest, Breivik was characterised by analysts as being a right-wing extremist with anti-Muslim views and a deep-seated <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">hatred of Islam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> who considered himself a knight dedicated to stemming the tide of Muslim immigration into Europe.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> At the same time, Breivik said both during his trial and in his manifesto to have been inspired by jihadist groups, and stated his willingness to work together with groups like <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a> in order to conduct attacks with <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> against Western targets.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> In prison, Breivik became a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VG-Trump-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Links_to_organizations">Links to organizations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Links to organizations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shooting_club">Shooting club</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Shooting club">edit</a>]</div> Breivik was an active member of an Oslo shooting club between 2005 and 2007, and from 2010. According to the club, which banned him for life after the attacks, Breivik took part in thirteen organized training sessions and one competition since June 2010.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> The club states that it does not evaluate the members' suitability regarding possession of weapons.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freemasons">Freemasons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Freemasons">edit</a>]</div> At the time of the attacks, Breivik was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic Lodge">Lodge</a> of St. Olaf at the Three Columns in Oslo<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> and had displayed photographs of himself in partial Masonic regalia on his Facebook profile.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> In interviews after the attacks, his lodge said it had only minimal contact with him, and that when made aware of Breivik's membership, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Freemasonry)" title="Grand Master (Freemasonry)">Grand Master</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Norwegian Order of Freemasons">Norwegian Order of Freemasons</a>, Ivar Skaar, issued an edict immediately excluding him from the fraternity based upon the acts he carried out and the values that appear to have motivated them.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> According to the Lodge records, Breivik took part in a total of four meetings between his initiation in February 2007 and his exclusion from the order (one each to receive the first, second, and third degrees, and one other meeting)<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-321">[321]</a> and held no offices or functions within the Lodge.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Skaar said that although Breivik was a member of the Order, his actions showed that he was in no way a Mason.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-321">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progress_Party">Progress Party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Progress Party">edit</a>]</div> Breivik became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Norway)" title="Progress Party (Norway)">Progress Party</a> (FrP) in 1999. He paid his membership dues for the last time in 2004 and was removed from the membership list in 2006. During his time in the Progress Party, he held two positions in the Progress Party's youth organisation FpU: he was the chair of the local Vest Oslo branch from January to October 2002, and a member of the board of the same branch from October 2002 until November 2004.<a href="#cite_note-AP-brv-323">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-PBeaumont-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> After the attack, the Progress Party immediately distanced itself from Breivik's actions and ideas.<a href="#cite_note-TB-brv-326">[326]</a> At a 2013 press conference, <a href="/wiki/Ketil_Solvik-Olsen" title="Ketil Solvik-Olsen">Ketil Solvik-Olsen</a> said that Breivik "left us [the party] because we were too liberal".<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_Defence_League_(EDL)">English Defence League (EDL)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: English Defence League (EDL)">edit</a>]</div> Breivik claimed he had contact with the far-right <a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a> (EDL), a movement in the United Kingdom that has been accused of Islamophobia. He allegedly had extensive links with senior EDL members<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> and wrote that he attended an EDL demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> On 26 July 2011, EDL leader <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a> denounced Breivik and his attacks and has denied any official links with him.<a href="#cite_note-BigJay-330">[330]</a> On 31 July 2011, <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> asked Maltese police to investigate Paul Ray, a former EDL member who blogs under the name "Lionheart". Ray conceded that he may have been an inspiration for Breivik, but deplored his actions.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> In an online discussion on the Norwegian website <a href="/wiki/Document.no" title="Document.no">Document.no</a> on 6 December 2009, Breivik proposed establishing a Norwegian version of the EDL. Breivik saw this as the only way to stop left-wing radical groups like <a href="/wiki/Blitz_House" title="Blitz House">Blitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/SOS_Rasisme" title="SOS Rasisme">SOS Rasisme</a> from "harassing" Norwegian cultural conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> Following the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/European_Defence_League" title="European Defence League">European Defence League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Defence_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Defence League">Norwegian Defence League</a> (NDL) launched in 2010. Breivik indeed became a member of this organization under the pseudonym "<a href="/wiki/Sigurd_the_Crusader" title="Sigurd the Crusader">Sigurd Jorsalfar</a>".<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> Former head of the NDL, Lena Andreassen, claimed that Breivik was ejected from the organization when she took over as leader in March 2011 because he was too extreme.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knights_Templar">Knights Templar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Knights Templar">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_in_popular_culture" title="Knights Templar in popular culture">Knights Templar in popular culture</a></div> In his manifesto and during interrogation, Breivik claimed membership in an "international Christian military order", which he called the new Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici (PCCTS, <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>). According to Breivik, the order was established as an "anti-<a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> crusader-organisation" that "fights" against "Islamic suppression" in London in April 2002 by nine men: two Englishmen, a Frenchman, a German, a Dutchman, a Greek, a Russian, a Norwegian (apparently Breivik), and a Serb (supposedly the initiator, not present, but represented by Breivik). The compendium gives a "2008 estimate" that there are between 15 and 80 "Justiciar Knights" in Western Europe, and an unknown number of civilian members, and Breivik expects the order to take political and military control of Western Europe.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Breivik gave his own code name in the organisation as Sigurd and that of his assigned "mentor" as Richard, after the twelfth-century <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusaders</a> and kings <a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Jorsalfar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigurd Jorsalfar">Sigurd Jorsalfar</a> of Norway and <a href="/wiki/Richard_the_Lionheart" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard the Lionheart">Richard the Lionheart</a> of England.<a href="#cite_note-db1-337">[337]</a> He called himself a one-man <a href="/wiki/Clandestine_cell_system" title="Clandestine cell system">cell</a> of this organisation and claimed that the group has several other cells in Western countries, including two more in Norway.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz1-103">[103]</a> On 2 August 2011, Breivik offered to provide information about these cells, but on unrealistic preconditions.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> After an intense investigation assisted internationally by several <a href="/wiki/Security_agency" title="Security agency">security agencies</a>, the Norwegian police did not find any evidence a PCCTS network existed, or that an alleged 2002 London meeting ever took place. The police concluded Breivik's claim was a figment of his imagination because of his schizophrenia diagnosis, and were confident that he had no <a href="/wiki/Accessory_(legal_term)" title="Accessory (legal term)">accessories</a>. Breivik continued to insist he belonged to an order and that his one-man cell was "activated" by another clandestine cell.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> On 14 August 2012, several Norwegian politicians and media outlets received an email from someone claiming to be Breivik's "deputy", demanding that Breivik be released and making more threats against Norwegian society.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/48px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/64px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Norway" title="Portal:Norway">Norway portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rampage_killers_(religious,_political,_or_ethnic_crimes)" title="List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)">List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spree_killer" title="Spree killer">Spree killer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NotatNBPD-1"><a href="#cite_ref-NotatNBPD_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215095819/http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/35819707/NBPD_02.pdf">"Notat – Redgjørelse Stortinget"</a> (PDF). Politiet. 10 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/35819707/NBPD_02.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notat+%E2%80%93+Redgj%C3%B8relse+Stortinget&rft.pub=Politiet&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fpages%2F35819707%2FNBPD_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BreiviksBevegelser-2"><a href="#cite_ref-BreiviksBevegelser_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419194535/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/22juli/Slik-var-Behring-Breiviks-bevegelser-pa-Utoya-6806375.html">"Slik var Behring Breiviks bevegelser på Utøya"</a>. Aftenposten. 16 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/22juli/Slik-var-Behring-Breiviks-bevegelser-pa-Utoya-6806375.html">the original</a> on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&rft.atitle=Slik+var+Behring+Breiviks+bevegelser+p%C3%A5+Ut%C3%B8ya&rft.date=2012-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnyheter%2Firiks%2F22juli%2FSlik-var-Behring-Breiviks-bevegelser-pa-Utoya-6806375.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-died-from-wounds-3"><a href="#cite_ref-died-from-wounds_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ostlendingen.no/nyheter/en-av-de-sarede-dode-pa-sykehuset-1.6381849">"En av de sårede døde på sykehuset"</a> [One of the wounded died in hospital]. Østlendingen (in Norwegian). 24 July 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%98stlendingen&rft.atitle=En+av+de+s%C3%A5rede+d%C3%B8de+p%C3%A5+sykehuset&rft.date=2011-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ostlendingen.no%2Fnyheter%2Fen-av-de-sarede-dode-pa-sykehuset-1.6381849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-40233702">"Norwegian killer Breivik changes his name"</a>. BBC News. 10 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Norwegian+killer+Breivik+changes+his+name&rft.date=2017-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-40233702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pronunciation-5"><a href="#cite_ref-pronunciation_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195202/http://www.nrk.no/video/brevik_svarer_pa_dommerens_sporsmal_om_navn_og_yrke/513DE25CADFC98C3/emne/Anders%20Behring%20Breivik/">"Breivik pronouncing his own name"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/video/brevik_svarer_pa_dommerens_sporsmal_om_navn_og_yrke/513DE25CADFC98C3/emne/Anders%20Behring%20Breivik/">the original</a> on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breivik+pronouncing+his+own+name&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fvideo%2Fbrevik_svarer_pa_dommerens_sporsmal_om_navn_og_yrke%2F513DE25CADFC98C3%2Femne%2FAnders%2520Behring%2520Breivik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/norway-marks-ten-years-since-breiviks-deadly-attacks-2021-07-21/">"Bells toll in Norway to mark 10 years since neo-Nazi Breivik killed 77"</a>. Reuters. 22 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Bells+toll+in+Norway+to+mark+10+years+since+neo-Nazi+Breivik+killed+77&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fnorway-marks-ten-years-since-breiviks-deadly-attacks-2021-07-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/norway-extremist-makes-nazi-salute-as-he-seeks-parole-just-10-years-after-killing-77/">"Norway extremist makes Nazi salute as he seeks parole just 10 years after killing 77"</a>. Times of Israel. 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Norway+extremist+makes+Nazi+salute+as+he+seeks+parole+just+10+years+after+killing+77&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fnorway-extremist-makes-nazi-salute-as-he-seeks-parole-just-10-years-after-killing-77%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67914614">"Anders Breivik: Mass murderer sues Norway over prison isolation"</a>. BBC News. 9 January 2024. <q>A neo-Nazi who killed 77 people in Norway in 2011 is suing the country in a bid to end his years in isolation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Anders+Breivik%3A+Mass+murderer+sues+Norway+over+prison+isolation&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-67914614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/norway-neo-nazi-breiviks-parole-request-rejected-by-court/a-60626563">"Court rejects parole for neo-Nazi mass murderer Breivik"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 1 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Court+rejects+parole+for+neo-Nazi+mass+murderer+Breivik&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fnorway-neo-nazi-breiviks-parole-request-rejected-by-court%2Fa-60626563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220119-psychiatrist-says-breivik-still-a-danger-hitting-parole-chances">"Psychiatrist says Breivik is stable and should be out, and as breivik said what he did was a good thing hitting parole chances"</a>. France 24. 19 January 2022. <q>Neo-Nazi Breivik, who killed 77 people in twin attacks, was sentenced in 2012 to 21 years in prison, which can be extended as long as he is considered a threat.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Psychiatrist+says+Breivik+is+stable+and+should+be+out%2C+and+as+breivik+said+what+he+did+was+a+good+thing+hitting+parole+chances&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20220119-psychiatrist-says-breivik-still-a-danger-hitting-parole-chances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/19/norways-far-right-mass-killer-breivik-sues-state-over-prison-isolation">"Norway's far-right mass killer Breivik sues state over prison isolation"</a>. Al Jazeera. 19 August 2023. <q>A neo-Nazi, Breivik killed 77 people, most of them teenagers, in shootings and a bombing attack in Norway's worst peacetime atrocity in July 2011.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Norway%27s+far-right+mass+killer+Breivik+sues+state+over+prison+isolation&rft.date=2023-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F8%2F19%2Fnorways-far-right-mass-killer-breivik-sues-state-over-prison-isolation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Sources describing Breivik as neo-Nazi include:<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDearden2016" class="citation news cs1">Dearden, Lizzie (20 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/anders-breivik-right-wing-extremist-who-killed-77-in-utoya-norway-massacre-wins-lawsuit-against-a6992756.html">"Anders Breivik: Right-wing extremist who killed 77 people in Norway massacre wins part of human rights case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. London, England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420144616/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/anders-breivik-right-wing-extremist-who-killed-77-in-utoya-norway-massacre-wins-lawsuit-against-a6992756.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Anders+Breivik%3A+Right-wing+extremist+who+killed+77+people+in+Norway+massacre+wins+part+of+human+rights+case&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.aulast=Dearden&rft.aufirst=Lizzie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fanders-breivik-right-wing-extremist-who-killed-77-in-utoya-norway-massacre-wins-lawsuit-against-a6992756.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_sane-14"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_sane_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisCowell2012" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Mark; Cowell, Alan (24 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/world/europe/anders-behring-breivik-murder-trial.html">"Norway Killer Is Ruled Sane and Given 21 Years in Prison"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 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'Don't shoot!'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. 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Retrieved 22 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rettssaken+%E2%80%93+Aktoratets+prosedyre&rft.pub=Norwegian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrk.no%2F227%2Fdag-for-dag%2Frettssaken---aktoratets-prosedyre-1.8213456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Her-er-hele-dommen-mot-Anders-Behring-Breivik-6973988.html">The verdict</a> convicts Breivik for violations of the criminal code §147 (terrorism), §148 (fatal explosion), and §233 (murder). </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rapsinews.com/judicial_news/20120824/264386101.html">"Mass killer Anders Breivik sentencing – live text coverage"</a>. 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(2 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/04/02/nyheter/terror_i_oslo/innenriks/terrorangrepet/anders_behring_breivik/20946724/">"Breivik planla tagging som militær operasjon"</a> [Breivik planned tagging as military operation]. Dagbladet (in Norwegian). 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Retrieved 27 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verdens+Gang&rft.atitle=Slik+var+dramaet+p%C3%A5+Ut%C3%B8ya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Finnenriks%2Foslobomben%2Fartikkel.php%3Fartid%3D10080678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110729021013/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8660397/Anders-Behring-Breiviks-father-My-son-should-have-taken-his-own-life.html">"Anders Behring Breivik's father: 'My son should have taken his own life'"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. 25 July 2011. 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Retrieved 24 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Anders+Behring+Breivik%27s+father%3A+%27My+son+should+have+taken+his+own+life%27&rft.date=2011-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fnorway%2F8660397%2FAnders-Behring-Breiviks-father-My-son-should-have-taken-his-own-life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_2012-04-13-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_2012-04-13_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenley2012" class="citation news cs1">Henley, Jon (13 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/13/anders-behring-breivik-norway">"Anders Behring Breivik trial: the father's story"</a>. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 13 April 2012. <q>Breivik disputes this. "It's true I was angry," he says. "Several times the police called me to say he had sprayed buildings, trains, and buses. He was also shoplifting. But I was always willing to see him, and he knew that. It was Anders who cut it off. His decision, not mine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anders+Behring+Breivik+trial%3A+the+father%27s+story&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fapr%2F13%2Fanders-behring-breivik-norway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/28/nyheter/utoya/anders_behring_breivik/terror/innenriks/17461782/">"1995: Året da alt forandret seg – nyheter"</a>. Dagbladet.no. 28 July 2011. 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Han ble fritatt fra verneplikt, og dermed har han ikke spesialutdanning eller utenlandsoppdrag for Forsvaret." – "From what NRK have been informed, the suspect has no military background. 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Retrieved 11 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tv2.no&rft.atitle=Ronny+%2843%29+hadde+hemmelige+m%C3%B8ter+med+Breivik%3A+%E2%80%93+Jeg+ble+brukt&rft.date=2021-01-16&rft.aulast=AS&rft.aufirst=TV+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv2.no%2Fa%2F11838607%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViken2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Viken, Farid Ighoubah, Vetle Ravn (9 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nettavisen.no/5-95-1566403">"Anders Behring Breivik ble anbefalt å lese Se og Hør i fengsel"</a>. Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nettavisen&rft.atitle=Anders+Behring+Breivik+ble+anbefalt+%C3%A5+lese+Se+og+H%C3%B8r+i+fengsel&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft.aulast=Viken&rft.aufirst=Farid+Ighoubah%2C+Vetle+Ravn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nettavisen.no%2F5-95-1566403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAv_Tom_Erik_Holland2016" class="citation web cs1">Av Tom Erik Holland (15 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ta.no/nyheter/marius-emberland/anders-behring-breivik/kort-og-godt-en-svart-farlig-mann/s/5-50-192226">"Telemarksavisa – Kort og godt en svært farlig mann"</a>. Ta.no. Retrieved 26 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telemarksavisa+%E2%80%93+Kort+og+godt+en+sv%C3%A6rt+farlig+mann&rft.pub=Ta.no&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft.au=Av+Tom+Erik+Holland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ta.no%2Fnyheter%2Fmarius-emberland%2Fanders-behring-breivik%2Fkort-og-godt-en-svart-farlig-mann%2Fs%2F5-50-192226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/breivik-saksoker-staten-1.12617825">"Breivik saksøkte Staten"</a>. Nrk.no. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breivik+saks%C3%B8kte+Staten&rft.pub=Nrk.no&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnyheter%2Fbreivik-saksoker-staten-1.12617825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> "13. januar 2017 kl. 15:02 [...] forteller at Breivik begynte på bachelor i statsvitenskap høsten 2015, da han tok emnene offentlig politikk og administrasjon, samt politisk teori. Han fikk C på begge emnene" </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_161-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/nyheter/breivik-i-fengsel-1.11250533">"Breivik i fengsel"</a>. Nrk.no. 19 September 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nrk.no&rft.atitle=Breivik+i+fengsel&rft.date=2013-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnyheter%2Fbreivik-i-fengsel-1.11250533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickles2018" class="citation news cs1">Pickles, Matt (2 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45705939">"Should a university teach a killer?"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Should+a+university+teach+a+killer%3F&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft.aulast=Pickles&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-45705939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_163-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34401166">"Norway killer Anders Breivik threatens hunger strike"</a>. BBC News. 30 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Norway+killer+Anders+Breivik+threatens+hunger+strike&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-34401166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-164"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/norge/_-breivik-vil-sende-et-signal-til-venner-og-fiender-1.12854820">"Breivik vil sende et signal til venner og fiender"</a> [Breivik wants to send a signal to friends and foes]. NRK. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft.atitle=Breivik+vil+sende+et+signal+til+venner+og+fiender&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnorge%2F_-breivik-vil-sende-et-signal-til-venner-og-fiender-1.12854820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsson2022" class="citation web cs1">Olsson, Svein Vestrum (1 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/norge/breivik-holdes-i-fengsel-_-anker-avgjorelsen-1.15837019">"Breivik holdes i fengsel – anker avgjørelsen"</a>. Nrk.no. Retrieved 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nrk.no&rft.atitle=Breivik+holdes+i+fengsel+%E2%80%93+anker+avgj%C3%B8relsen&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.aulast=Olsson&rft.aufirst=Svein+Vestrum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnorge%2Fbreivik-holdes-i-fengsel-_-anker-avgjorelsen-1.15837019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/weEvVP/breivik-begjaerer-seg-loeslatt-fra-fengsel">[3]</a> "Det opplyser massemorderens forsvarer, advokat Øystein Storrvik til VG. – Jeg har på vegne av ham sendt inn en begjæring om prøveløslatelse, sier Storrvik til VG. – Han har krav på domstolsprøving av prøveløslatelse ved minstetid som er ti år i hans tilfelle. " </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-breivik-idUSKBN0H01NG20140905">"Mass killer Breivik says wants to create fascist party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mass+killer+Breivik+says+wants+to+create+fascist+party&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-norway-breivik-idUSKBN0H01NG20140905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dagen191115-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dagen191115_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dagen191115_168-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dagen191115_168-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dagen191115_168-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dagen191115_168-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512064435/https://www.dagen.no/Nyheter/hedning/Breivik-mener-Jesus-er-%C2%ABpatetisk%C2%BB-272638">"Breivik mener Jesus er "patetisk" [Breivik thinks Jesus is "pathetic"]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dagen_(Norwegian_newspaper)" title="Dagen (Norwegian newspaper)">Dagen</a> (in Norwegian). 19 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagen.no/Nyheter/hedning/Breivik-mener-Jesus-er-%C2%ABpatetisk%C2%BB-272638">the original</a> on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagen&rft.atitle=Breivik+mener+Jesus+er+%22patetisk%22+%5BBreivik+thinks+Jesus+is+%22pathetic%22%5D&rft.date=2015-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagen.no%2FNyheter%2Fhedning%2FBreivik-mener-Jesus-er-%25C2%25ABpatetisk%25C2%25BB-272638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogeneratedvl-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogeneratedvl_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogeneratedvl_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vl.no/nyhet/breivik-jeg-er-ikke-kristen-1.465538">"Breivik: Jeg er ikke kristen (Breivik: I am not a Christian)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rt_Land_(Norwegian_newspaper)" title="Vårt Land (Norwegian newspaper)">Vårt Land</a> (in Norwegian). 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V%C3%A5rt+Land&rft.atitle=Breivik%3A+Jeg+er+ikke+kristen+%28Breivik%3A+I+am+not+a+Christian%29&rft.date=2015-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vl.no%2Fnyhet%2Fbreivik-jeg-er-ikke-kristen-1.465538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Expo14-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Expo14_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Expo14_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Expo14_170-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Expo14_170-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Vergara2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daniel Vergara (10 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expo.se/2014/breivik-vill-deportera-illojala-judar_6336.html">"Breivik vill deportera "illojala judar" [Breivik wants to deport "disloyal Jews"]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Expo_(magazine)" title="Expo (magazine)">Expo</a> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expo&rft.atitle=Breivik+vill+deportera+%22illojala+judar%22+%5BBreivik+wants+to+deport+%22disloyal+Jews%22%5D&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.au=Daniel+Vergara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexpo.se%2F2014%2Fbreivik-vill-deportera-illojala-judar_6336.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> The newspaper Verdens Gang reported on 26 July 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-VG-20120726-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VG-20120726_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VG-20120726_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenna,_JarleUtheim,_Eric_BrekstadGrøttum,_Eva-Therese2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brenna, Jarle; Utheim, Eric Brekstad; Grøttum, Eva-Therese (26 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/22-juli/artikkel.php?artid=10059330">"Breivik sender brev til høyreekstreme støttespillere. Ber om hjelp til å fortsette kampen"</a> [Breivik sends letters to extreme right-wing supporters. Requests assistance to continue the struggle]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729040858/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/22-juli/artikkel.php?artid=10059330">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verdens+Gang&rft.atitle=Breivik+sender+brev+til+h%C3%B8yreekstreme+st%C3%B8ttespillere.+Ber+om+hjelp+til+%C3%A5+fortsette+kampen&rft.date=2012-07-26&rft.au=Brenna%2C+Jarle&rft.au=Utheim%2C+Eric+Brekstad&rft.au=Gr%C3%B8ttum%2C+Eva-Therese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Finnenriks%2F22-juli%2Fartikkel.php%3Fartid%3D10059330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Views_and_news-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Views_and_news_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Views_and_news_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerglund2012" class="citation news cs1">Berglund, Nina (26 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/07/26/breivik-sets-up-conservative-network/">"Breivik sets up conservative network"</a>. Views and News from Norway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120730101447/http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/07/26/breivik-sets-up-conservative-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Views+and+News+from+Norway&rft.atitle=Breivik+sets+up+conservative+network&rft.date=2012-07-26&rft.aulast=Berglund&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsinenglish.no%2F2012%2F07%2F26%2Fbreivik-sets-up-conservative-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennaUtheimGrøttum2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brenna, Jarle; Utheim, Eric Brekstad; Grøttum, Eva-Therese (26 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/22-juli/artikkel.php?artid=10059288">"Konstant trussel at Breivik får sende brev"</a> [Allowing Breivik to send letters is a constant threat]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729034752/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/22-juli/artikkel.php?artid=10059288">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2012. 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Retrieved 20 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft.atitle=breivik+til+sak+mot+staten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnyheter%2Fbreivik-til-sak-mot-staten-1.12852728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LA_Times-176"><a href="#cite_ref-LA_Times_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChu2014" class="citation news cs1">Chu, Henry (18 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-norway-breivik-hunger-strike-20140218,0,894531.story#ixzz2tqGiYpbV">"Mass killer Breivik threatens hunger strike for better games and gym"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. 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Telegraph.co.uk. 17 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/9208311/Norway-killer-Anders-Behring-Breivik-trial-day-two-live.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Norway+killer+Anders+Behring+Breivik+trial%3A+day+two+live&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fnorway%2F9208311%2FNorway-killer-Anders-Behring-Breivik-trial-day-two-live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> Pein, Corey (2017) Live Work Work Die: A Journey into the Savage Heart of Silicon Valley. Metropolitan Books: Henry Holt and Co: New York. p. 235. 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Retrieved 19 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Dark+Web+Enabled+the+Christchurch+Killer&rft.date=2019-03-16&rft.aulast=Ravndal&rft.aufirst=Jacob+Aasland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2019%2F03%2F16%2Fthe-dark-web-enabled-the-christchurch-killer-extreme-right-terrorism-white-nationalism-anders-breivik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2019" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Adam (16 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/christchurch-suspect-claimed-brief-contact-with-norwegian-mass-murderer-20190316-p514pj.html">"Christchurch suspect claimed 'brief contact' with Norwegian mass murderer"</a>. Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190315235915/https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/christchurch-suspect-claimed-brief-contact-with-norwegian-mass-murderer-20190316-p514pj.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Christchurch+suspect+claimed+%27brief+contact%27+with+Norwegian+mass+murderer&rft.date=2019-03-16&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Foceania%2Fchristchurch-suspect-claimed-brief-contact-with-norwegian-mass-murderer-20190316-p514pj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacklinBjørgo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Macklin, G.; Bjørgo, T. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pt.icct.nl/issue/volume-xv-issue-3-2021">"Breivik's Long Shadow? The impact of the July 22, 2011 attacks on the modus operandi of extreme-right lone actor terrorists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_Terrorism" title="Perspectives on Terrorism">Perspectives on Terrorism</a>. 15 (3, The Long-Term Impacts of the July 22, 2011 Attacks in Norway – Ten Years After): 14–36. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2334-3745">2334-3745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Terrorism&rft.atitle=Breivik%27s+Long+Shadow%3F+The+impact+of+the+July+22%2C+2011+attacks+on+the+modus+operandi+of+extreme-right+lone+actor+terrorists&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3%2C+%27%27The+Long-Term+Impacts+of+the+July+22%2C+2011+Attacks+in+Norway+%E2%80%93+Ten+Years+After%27%27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=2334-3745&rft.aulast=Macklin&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Bj%C3%B8rgo%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.icct.nl%2Fissue%2Fvolume-xv-issue-3-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Townsend2012" class="citation web cs1">Mark Townsend (14 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/14/breivik-trial-norway-mass-murderer">"Far-right anti-Muslim network on rise globally as Breivik trial opens"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Attacks+strike+at+Norway%27s+values&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmobile%2Fworld-europe-14260743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bangstad-279"><a href="#cite_ref-Bangstad_279-0">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindre_Bangstad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindre Bangstad (page does not exist)">Sindre Bangstad</a>, Anders Breivik and the Rise of Islamophobia, Zed Books, 2014, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1783600083" title="Special:BookSources/978-1783600083">978-1783600083</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/08/24/nyheter/anders_behring_breivik/innenriks/terrorangrepet/17803023/">"Her er Breiviks meningsfeller"</a>. Dagbladet.no. 25 August 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dagbladet.no&rft.atitle=Her+er+Breiviks+meningsfeller&rft.date=2011-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagbladet.no%2F2011%2F08%2F24%2Fnyheter%2Fanders_behring_breivik%2Finnenriks%2Fterrorangrepet%2F17803023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2011/7/26/islamophobes-distance-themselves-from-breivik">"Islamophobes distance themselves from Breivik"</a>. Al Jazeera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamophobes+distance+themselves+from+Breivik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fopinions%2F2011%2F7%2F26%2Fislamophobes-distance-themselves-from-breivik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAPmis-282"><a href="#cite_ref-CAPmis_282-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/08/pdf/islamophobia_chapter2.pdf">"The Islamophobia misinformation experts"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Islamophobia+misinformation+experts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.americanprogress.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fissues%2F2011%2F08%2Fpdf%2Fislamophobia_chapter2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/08/04/breivik-police-question-fjordman/">"Breivik police question 'Fjordman'"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 August 2011. <q>Diese Gedankengänge hatte Breivik übernommen, um seinen Massenmord zu rechtfertigen. 111-mal zitiert er Fjordman in seinem Manifest. ("Breivik has used this thinking to justify his mass murder. 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Retrieved 26 July 2011. <q>Norway mass murderer Anders Breivik's internet writings show him to be anti-Muslim and anti-Marxist, not a fundamentalist Christian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anders+Breivik+is+not+Christian+but+anti-Islam&rft.date=2011-07-24&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fandrewbrown%2F2011%2Fjul%2F24%2Fnorway-anders-behring-breivik-beliefs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716153354/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/11444/norway-remembers-77-victims-a-month-after-massacre">"Norway remembers 77 victims a month after massacre"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jeg+er+en+del+av+en+internasjonal+orden&rft.date=2011-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg.no%2Fnyheter%2Finnenriks%2Foslobomben%2Fartikkel.php%3Fartid%3D10080706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-db1-337"><a href="#cite_ref-db1_337-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/24/nyheter/utoya/innenriks/17437552/">"Skulle drepe 4848 nordmenn"</a> [Planned to kill 4,848 Norwegians] (in Norwegian). 24 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Skulle+drepe+4848+nordmenn&rft.date=2011-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagbladet.no%2F2011%2F07%2F24%2Fnyheter%2Futoya%2Finnenriks%2F17437552%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14372038">"Norway attacks: Breivik makes 'unrealistic' demands"</a>. BBC. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Norway+attacks%3A+Breivik+makes+%27unrealistic%27+demands&rft.date=2011-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-14372038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerglund2012" class="citation news cs1">Berglund, Nina (4 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/01/04/helicopter-delayed-breivik-bluffing/">"Helicopter delayed, Breivik bluffing"</a>. Norway International Network. Retrieved 5 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Helicopter+delayed%2C+Breivik+bluffing&rft.date=2012-01-04&rft.aulast=Berglund&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsinenglish.no%2F2012%2F01%2F04%2Fhelicopter-delayed-breivik-bluffing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/breiviks-deputy-issues-terror-warning-10473036">"Breivik's 'Deputy' Issues Terror Warning"</a>. Sky News. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Breivik%27s+%27Deputy%27+Issues+Terror+Warning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fbreiviks-deputy-issues-terror-warning-10473036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Storm_Borchgrevink" class="mw-redirect" title="Aage Storm Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink, Aage Storm</a> ["A Norwegian tragedy. Anders Behring Breivik and the roads to Utøya"] En norsk tragedie: Anders Behring Breivik og veiene til Utøya (2012)</li> <li>Borchgrevink, Aage Storm; Puzey, Guy A Norwegian Tragedy: Anders Behring Breivik and the Massacre on Utøya. 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0745672205" title="Special:BookSources/978-0745672205">978-0745672205</a> (translated from the Norwegian)</li> <li>["The Mother"] Moren (2013), by <a href="/wiki/Marit_Christensen" title="Marit Christensen">Marit Christensen</a>. Christensen claimed that for the last year of Wenche Behring Breivik's life, she had been her confidant, and that the book is based on Christensen's interviews with her. Wenche Behring Breivik hired a lawyer to prevent Christensen from publishing the book. The book was criticized for character assassinations of still-living people.</li> <li>Frydnes, Jørgen Watne ["No man is an island"] Ingen mann er en øy (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85sne_Seierstad" title="Åsne Seierstad">Seierstad, Åsne</a> <a href="/wiki/One_of_Us_(book)" title="One of Us (book)">One of Us: The Story of a Massacre in Norway – and Its Aftermath</a> (2013)</li> <li>Seierstad, Åsne; Death, Sarah. <a href="/wiki/One_of_Us_(book)" title="One of Us (book)">One of us: the story of Anders Breivik and the massacre in Norway</a>. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0374277895" title="Special:BookSources/978-0374277895">978-0374277895</a> (translated from the Norwegian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unni_Turrettini" title="Unni Turrettini">Turrettini, Unni</a>; Puckett, Kathleen M. The Mystery of the Lone Wolf Killer: Anders Behring Breivik and the Threat of Terror in Plain Sight. New York: Pegasus Crime, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1605989105" title="Special:BookSources/978-1605989105">978-1605989105</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Behring_Breivik&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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Behring Breivik</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Anders_Behring_Breivik" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.great-replacement.com/text/2083-a-european-declaration-of-independence.pdf">2083: A European Declaration of Independence</a> Original document by Breivik.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/blog/robbins-report/2011/jul/23/oslo-terrorist-his-own-words/">Washington Times: The Oslo Terrorist in His Own Words</a> – Summary of Breivik's political beliefs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14276074">BBC: Norway attacks: The victims</a> – The eight Oslo bomb victims and the 69 youth camp victims</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/9206336/Anders-Behring-Breivik-trial-indictment-in-full.html">Daily Telegraph: Trial indictment</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klassekampen.no/article/20160312/ARTICLE/160319987">Influencing from prison</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/norge/_-staten-bor-ta-til-seg-kritikken-i-dommen-1.12910438">The government should accept the criticism of the verdict</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21570842-oil-makes-norway-different-rest-region-only-up-point-rich">"Norway: The rich cousin"</a>. The Economist. Retrieved 13 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Norway%3A+The+rich+cousin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial-report%2F21570842-oil-makes-norway-different-rest-region-only-up-point-rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnders+Behring+Breivik" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Norway_attacks" title="Timeline of the 2011 Norway attacks">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8rv_Report" title="Gjørv Report">Gjørv Report</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anders Behring Breivik</a> (perpetrator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Trial of Anders Behring Breivik">Trial of Anders Behring Breivik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22_July_Information_Centre" title="22 July Information Centre">22 July Information Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B8ya:_July_22" title="Utøya: July 22">Utøya: July 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July_(film)" title="22 July (film)">22 July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_of_Us_(book)" title="One of Us (book)">One of Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regjeringskvartalet" title="Regjeringskvartalet">Regjeringskvartalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Thorbj%C3%B8rn" title="MS Thorbjørn">MS Thorbjørn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utvika_Camping" title="Utvika Camping">Utvika Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B8ya" title="Utøya">Utøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B8ykaia" title="Utøykaia">Utøykaia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Trial of Anders Behring Breivik">Trial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lippestad" title="Geir Lippestad">Geir Lippestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibeke_Hein_B%C3%A6ra" title="Vibeke Hein Bæra">Vibeke Hein Bæra</a></li> <li>Tord Eskild Jordet</li> <li>Odd Ivar Grøn</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prosecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inga_Bejer_Engh" title="Inga Bejer Engh">Inga Bejer Engh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svein_Holden" title="Svein Holden">Svein Holden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wenche_Elizabeth_Arntzen" title="Wenche Elizabeth Arntzen">Wenche Elizabeth Arntzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Lyng" title="Arne Lyng">Arne Lyng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Jihad_al-Alami" title="Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami">Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Ye%27or" title="Bat Ye'or">Bat Ye'or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory" title="Eurabia conspiracy theory">Eurabia conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjordman" title="Fjordman">Fjordman</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Rainbow_Race" title="My Rainbow Race">My Rainbow Race</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Some_Die_Young" title="Some Die Young">Some Die Young</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ystein_Storrvik" title="Øystein Storrvik">Øystein Storrvik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neo-Nazism59" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neo-Nazism" title="Template talk:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neo-Nazism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neo-Nazism59" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The III. Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Homeland_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Homeland (Germany)">The Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Alliance for Peace and Freedom">Alliance for Peace and Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliansen_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliansen (Norway)">Alliansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentic_Croatian_Party_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentic Croatian Party of Rights">Authentic Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Movement_of_National_Pride" title="Bosnian Movement of National Pride">Bosnian Movement of National Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_People%27s_Union" title="Dutch People's Union">Dutch People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohti_Vapautta!" title="Kohti Vapautta!">Kohti Vapautta!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_Movement" title="Leviathan Movement">Leviathan Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Spain)" title="National Alliance (Spain)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Movement of Denmark">National Socialist Movement of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Social_Justice" title="Workers' Party of Social Justice">Workers' Party of Social Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Freedom_Network" title="Aryan Freedom Network">Aryan Freedom Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnes_Review" title="The Barnes Review">The Barnes Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Order_(Satanist_group)" title="Black Order (Satanist group)">Black Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Klans_of_America" title="Imperial Klans of America">Imperial Klans of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_March" title="Iron March">Iron March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_United" title="Keystone United">Keystone United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misanthropic_Division" title="Misanthropic Division">Misanthropic Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_Association" title="National Socialism Association">National Socialism Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO_(1972)" title="NSDAP/AO (1972)">NSDAP/AO (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade Tribune">Renegade Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany and Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Heidnische_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Heidnische Front">Deutsche Heidnische Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesinnungsgemeinschaft_der_Neuen_Front" title="Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front">Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alternative" title="German Alternative">German Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Immortals_(neo-Nazis)" title="The Immortals (neo-Nazis)">The Immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landig_Group" title="Landig Group">Landig Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Offensive" title="National Offensive">National Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground" title="National Socialist Underground">National Socialist Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(Italy)" title="National Vanguard (Italy)">Avanguardia Nazionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloed,_Bodem,_Eer_en_Trouw" title="Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw">Bloed, Bodem, Eer en Trouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Boys" title="Boot Boys">Boot Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEDADE" title="CEDADE">CEDADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_European_Nationalist_Party" title="French and European Nationalist Party">French and European Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Front" title="Hungarian National Front">Hungarian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalni_stroj" title="Nacionalni stroj">Nacionalni stroj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Irish_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Irish Workers Party">National Socialist Irish Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood" title="Northern Brotherhood">Northern Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Russian National Socialist Party">Russian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nordic_Realm_Party" title="The Nordic Realm Party">Nordic Realm Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Front" title="Norwegian Front">Norwegian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Germanic_Army" title="Norwegian Germanic Army">Norwegian Germanic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Flemish_Militants" title="Order of Flemish Militants">Order of Flemish Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nero" title="Ordine Nero">Ordine Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nuovo" title="Ordine Nuovo">Ordine Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Danes" title="Party of the Danes">Party of the Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Hungarica_Movement" title="Pax Hungarica Movement">Pax Hungarica Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Union" title="Russian National Union">Russian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkspartei_der_Schweiz" title="Volkspartei der Schweiz">Volkspartei der Schweiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Workers' Party (Czech Republic)">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Republican_Army" title="Aryan Republican Army">Aryan Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_League" title="Australian Defence League">Australian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Australian National Socialist Party">Australian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party" title="Australia First Party">Australia First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nazi_Party" title="Canadian Nazi Party">Canadian Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Covenant,_the_Sword,_and_the_Arm_of_the_Lord" title="The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord">The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(Australia)" title="National Action (Australia)">National Action (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_(United_States)" title="National Socialist League (United States)">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_Australia" title="National Socialist Party of Australia">National Socialist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_New_Zealand" title="National Socialist Party of New Zealand">National Socialist Party of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_of_Canada" title="National Unity Party of Canada">National Unity Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Triumph_Party" title="New Triumph Party">New Triumph Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_36" title="Patrol 36">Patrol 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_88" title="Unit 88">Unit 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution_(hate_group)" title="White Revolution (hate group)">White Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Allgier" title="Curtis Allgier">Curtis Allgier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Ewald_Althans" title="Bela Ewald Althans">Bela Ewald Althans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston-Armand_Amaudruz" title="Gaston-Armand Amaudruz">Gaston-Armand Amaudruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew Auernheimer/Weev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Beam" title="Louis Beam">Louis Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Beattie" title="William John Beattie">William John Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Binet_(neo-Fascist)" title="René Binet (neo-Fascist)">René Binet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Bolton" title="Kerry Bolton">Kerry Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Borrego" title="Salvador Borrego">Salvador Borrego</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anders Behring Breivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_von_Brunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James von Brunn">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burdi" title="George Burdi">George Burdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(white_supremacist)" title="Richard Butler (white supremacist)">Richard Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Willis Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Casey_(white_supremacist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Casey (white supremacist)">Patrick Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Chapman_(New_Zealand_activist)" title="Kyle Chapman (New Zealand activist)">Kyle Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Cobb" title="Craig Cobb">Craig Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Collin" title="Frank Collin">Frank Collin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Cottrell" title="Blair Cottrell">Blair Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Covington" title="Harold Covington">Harold Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Daniel Cowart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cvjetanovic" title="Peter Cvjetanovic">Peter Cvjetanovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Damigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Damigo">Nathan Damigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Léon Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Savitri Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Françoise Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting#Suspect" title="Poway synagogue shooting">John Timothy Earnest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellison_(white_supremacist)" title="James Ellison (white supremacist)">James Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Michael Peinovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Erikson" title="Neil Erikson">Neil Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Bert Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Felton" title="Leo Felton">Leo Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alex_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="James Alex Fields">James Alex Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Jef François">Jef François</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Roy Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul_Franklin" title="Joseph Paul Franklin">Joseph Paul Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Franco Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fredriksen" title="Mark Fredriksen">Mark Fredriksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fromm_(white_supremacist)" title="Paul Fromm (white supremacist)">Paul Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Anthime "Tim" Gionet/Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gliebe" title="Erich Gliebe">Erich Gliebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_Glimmerveen" title="Joop Glimmerveen">Joop Glimmerveen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Ryne_Goldberg" title="Joshua Ryne Goldberg">Joshua Ryne Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Gy%C5%91rk%C3%B6s" title="István Győrkös">István Győrkös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_F._Hale" title="Matthew F. Hale">Matthew F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hartman_(Nazi_collaborator)" title="Jan Hartman (Nazi collaborator)">Jan Hartman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hill_(activist)" title="Michael Hill (activist)">Michael Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_Hitler" title="Heath Hitler">Heath Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_Irizarry" title="Dillon Irizarry">Dillon Irizarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Kaldenberg" title="Wyatt Kaldenberg">Wyatt Kaldenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Kapi%C4%87" title="Virginia Kapić">Virginia Kapić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_King-Ansell" title="Colin King-Ansell">Colin King-Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koehl" title="Matthias Koehl">Matthias Koehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kreis" title="August Kreis">August Kreis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Michael Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_K%C3%BCssel" title="Gottfried Küssel">Gottfried Küssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Kusters" title="Constant Kusters">Constant Kusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kuttner" title="Robert E. Kuttner">Robert E. Kuttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">David Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Lauck" title="Gary Lauck">Gary Lauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Adelheid_of_Lippe" title="Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe">Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Little_(Neo-Nazi)" title="Patrick Little (Neo-Nazi)">Patrick Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klas_Lund" title="Klas Lund">Klas Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Madole" title="James H. Madole">James H. Madole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Mahieu" title="Jacques de Mahieu">Jacques de Mahieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Mahler" title="Horst Mahler">Horst Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manson" title="Charles Manson">Charles Manson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Martell" title="Clark Martell">Clark Martell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Maxim Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jay_Mathews" title="Robert Jay Mathews">Robert Jay Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Tom Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Davud Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Mudde" title="Tim Mudde">Tim Mudde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindaugas_Murza" title="Mindaugas Murza">Mindaugas Murza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revilo_P._Oliver" title="Revilo P. Oliver">Revilo P. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Sikh_temple_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting">Wade Michael Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patler" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patler">John Patler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">William Luther Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Vasillios_Pistolis" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Vasillios Pistolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._T._Ready" title="J. T. Ready">J. T. Ready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Otto Ernst Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Riccio" title="Bill Riccio">Bill Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Russell" title="Brandon Russell">Brandon Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povl_Riis-Knudsen" title="Povl Riis-Knudsen">Povl Riis-Knudsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_D._Robida" title="Jacob D. Robida">Jacob D. Robida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Roeder" title="Manfred Roeder">Manfred Roeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylann_Roof" title="Dylann Roof">Dylann Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Rosenkranz" title="Horst Rosenkranz">Horst Rosenkranz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_R%C3%B6ssler" title="Fritz Rössler">Fritz Rössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Rost_van_Tonningen" title="Florentine Rost van Tonningen">Florentine Rost van Tonningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Rudel" title="Hans-Ulrich Rudel">Hans-Ulrich Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Jim Saleam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Saxon" title="Kurt Saxon">Kurt Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Schipper" title="Gary Schipper">Gary Schipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee#Histories_of_plotters" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">Paul Schlesselman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schmidt_(Waffen-SS)" title="Hans Schmidt (Waffen-SS)">Hans Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Schoep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Schoep">Jeff Schoep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Serrano" title="Miguel Serrano">Miguel Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekka_Siitoin" title="Pekka Siitoin">Pekka Siitoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiel_Smit" title="Michiel Smit">Michiel Smit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Independence_Day_weekend_shootings#Perpetrator" title="1999 Independence Day weekend shootings">Benjamin Nathaniel Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Suhayda" title="Rocky Suhayda">Rocky Suhayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings#Perpetrator" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Brenton Harrison Tarrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Eugène Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Keith_Thompson" title="H. Keith Thompson">H. Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Tienen" title="Paul van Tienen">Paul van Tienen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tommasi" title="Joseph Tommasi">Joseph Tommasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Tremaine" title="Terry Tremaine">Terry Tremaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_van_Tongeren" title="Jack van Tongeren">Jack van Tongeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Veh" title="Russell Veh">Russell Veh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Verbeke" title="Siegfried Verbeke">Siegfried Verbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_White_(neo-Nazi)" title="Bill White (neo-Nazi)">Bill White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wolthuis" title="Jan Wolthuis">Jan Wolthuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges#Samuel_Woodward" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">Samuel Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Worch" title="Christian Worch">Christian Worch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Francis Parker Yockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Ernst Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Nazism" title="Category:Neo-Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44220#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2027" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44220#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2027" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44220#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000367485287">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/232221692">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1912099/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcwy3Cg8pG3rRrFkv89jC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1028099398">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2012009514">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16672846g">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16672846g">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna2016932582&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p341016969">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11064835">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz286950xjmj73">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810564257505606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007389398205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000145503">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060722564806706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1028099398">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/162398034">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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