CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.thehindu.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9272f5bf28a6561c',cH: '9I9jp530HcAYyG75nkhthSdDRsX3eQUf3fhMcpVZnz0-1743121208-1.2.1.1-rrICJcI9m1RdIacqXEsHBgH8SFduCGgv1gAPfu982R6nOxDUD5gnTALr.4iok4VN',cUPMDTk: "\/archive\/web\/2010\/05\/?__cf_chl_tk=8Mt285rg7cW5JVNUe1bqjAuMNxn8ZhtSNnxrAjLDwxc-1743121208-1.0.1.1-_svR1om09oPUW59hJ8W7yUkrfi.pabFnL6_GnAvB8d8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743121208',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/archive\/web\/2010\/05\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=8Mt285rg7cW5JVNUe1bqjAuMNxn8ZhtSNnxrAjLDwxc-1743121208-1.0.1.1-_svR1om09oPUW59hJ8W7yUkrfi.pabFnL6_GnAvB8d8",md: "_bum7CLZfJE3SvyjrMGT_wP8sLPuyUVQDckK56rlhOQ-1743121208-1.2.1.1-qrYM1J1w.qDsuDvuvCiXeVnBRTvHtMxiTwGdh8l.UlGrPEBc5YrZsKhJ_CxpjQ1OW9OYPRJD7qMot8W6EHK8wYt6_0g_tQFtcAhI.5Ny.nJ_LvAPERy0X1Arl0N462OBAI6YEh0kcv_16uv5yLsPC6GKVsEZCKkzYSFfPDcB2rIfaI5QNVROo1_9K4ixEw4TwWw0ucmYTCOfMONjCQhf4dYohs56uvI50Xfzddcqmnsum6LqkeJRhlh4q541o8Ko.KiyWSaL37NnwWmypwbwOD4UpbxuEnCQWqdLIhaV1RIxbadShGyoWJZhm_KWw4WpWcnTAS8rP_80QGrEqee7ncdZ7II3ZRy3IykcX5oTePwPHBpiMkMMuadXS7nXOK.TyxROPTUztH3Ybz0dJFGf3e.rXIFTk2MLqiulpZM7Meaff2K_IiiMqNsX0GNarSUHitxBrLhOYLaPzbFGhwme4J19g5alO3MvbS5WhuS4Vlls3tGlKMU5Dr8W2ow.huWcyXKNuWGg3gtv4JZ_SxArzKXlagUKyGL3uP7mNkSmt4bcQ0oymcvrqrv.lurNVTceg9yn86evJwTdz9iAl.h.lS8AvxuC5lUejKXFWSCsS3BvbonBEtFlqY6JlpNM5Lztq.pT.qIY0sz_Nv8qsOLJSNFX1mC9iZLR.7QXQu5PA2i3RXE80KftucKPgL0N74T.mTwJ3n_oscHqfxCIHHnRNHg1ejARuUOL9r0o1LWfnh8Xmfrspkl1JrGs5oqN0vDi5tnxX.I1N6ZLNhvSCbytqkvfBeVdVguxydF.PyKDJldIajjdHyNk4P9qH9F8Ul5EnHfSqJKHi_TL2euVGBdzKJABCuIeuEQAYJ0.uqZNiNHeHt7arrVZzZLqf0DPCk2pTqWUeiHcb__GUGYLiZj9ZT5mast0orZFRZSPlcHqbnx.JSdl6zHhDB8DYpgbTHrvuxswlDDKpy7jlbuCtijnJvu9P9hQ2W0HLDnBCXmpyJElbN9zWE917q0hlbf1v.vkDjoVqqm7kOlrwAKnNY4Bq2vBH.9m9Y7QBfbLUAmucppKofPmy41ly5P6JdnLV3B5peypWETvIJojjLI583ROohKcBgIe.7iLE5F.1ZdU.Z.l3yALvANKBRQIk_.WHMghlFY0Ip.442DZweDUYs1dwTlVfmicrSg7hKjIOoFtuBRpl5YPu5cpYYJ9FpQlMoBh5vKVlSQhE4w5mGDf9MQHHgRJq9qCzGVQ81bYYWp6U3Ci4S1KRkcY5YignwVJp_L5",mdrd: "HUcrbEHMgMI_HXvvzJYRDb6jLM2dJVaBQHdiqbaXOCE-1743121208-1.2.1.1-3_DStTXvQGPcd9kD3gZCk7oCrvwDq2Uf.Rjy86shlIZ0.fcfGQTc1arj89q93VGDMDmsgcu4Pi3tPB2us2YMA24RHmJ5p6eV4DVlk30EwGW4sij7lPu4he1bdz7m_1GT5Ej2qsUYliWFmFAthVGJcCrmfieLqH_u0mPf.GiO0S_vBjL_uzszmjT9o3GlTFl4NtLTc2Sjr7ddLxTkUYzYkcNOztQjuySc0K4nK3tAzBfFB_ME5DwsSFWZjG55B8Bzv8GZeJMGNBvExoTcAK7SQdPwEtp_4FHIlqCsHA98JayY5ZGXHwRQFvS7WWWYzvzogKOm8el0D1wrrYfQxJhOHxo9xIIUiZSpICxw8UOeSuFg2N9oznjbzVOZqAq7kT4cCVfemrHSlQsmx.vxU5y8sGoJybg1c4z2NJgiJL6wo1E8k4FeK1AzxxT_5EGRX8kHmISmQONxe1yyYSCmMQJj0gtgwrewpmzM2apRRpdWZMtbuxz9cQdBFqWf4QtLg4btATOSF_ukmNFLPY7bdlj1ei16gJFrrdM6Y.KEJhPuoeIsGA3NXyFl8PwqLCUsnPsukptsBmAkdYoK0CwUsjWmgFp_nxrsW4qaRnWaRIVRrT.KY0QmklAJ8RA9UKas09uw.yHgcO7naKk01ey7t8Cuq8M6l.VBAdj4JgDZp_G7zRs.BeKOx8byfrzeyDkqcaU4dFDNJ9hzOCzmGaEn0dZSrlcKDbR1ytHa.CqhD65fJHhEFbq.JnqVWlVniTgBTD2zqLlskM.DAfc8TTXE.ZhV3zYXGMokUv8bXabD6mo0bIGgcEQUs9em4Qqv5srTnErC4xS7IWCNrlTiLMK4cwrd7U.fQrhSDNcpvfdM8L2djwIFL41AcsWMX8_ViJlGGt_jYuu2oDN8fG5kFGNS1I6lmMl8wIQQidsMrimTQpKz04cAOhnw6pDPYoCC4yUV39f6TAeLsEZJXcskw.dWE67JSoB_lKrGau40_5T_B1qATpLN6sCEiOha.h4o6Bjn3JF.A3FUtuy6_jG2liUU9_VgCzhQdWJUjhFj6wvZKAFMcobUd4kbMaBiZj2R7PtNhATwCMiw0FoTHwnnbRSvgN9lb1Q20FcNpXbbcqsRY4LjKRQI06uzpY7e7G1UwjiTit3tjDWkPcztXGumR7jyqKCGfxdi9gB1YmI_DKQDM.EWBfyBvWVhqU5UVaHh0dzK941mJalseS43vPNzDbdUTiDe4yY1fvWSTdxjGJEoENlVbKHRmITfnoGc5FivMDUkOEaPCTZcsMJADlfD1i5gTKm9Q4W6JuxljZxcQobBEFBYYRJ20NTsyVjZ3cvRdLKP.lffGV_XwGFwn3rASSCS_rPPC8BgMoIRGO_NWmjkKvU.2vALELSxOXOe25JOGJQ.mDB2RFZIX5xDI0xJqOlQAg0Q2LhIKZMefecpG_b8EfA4dy6_Pj0m9UKCg3sXXXMK77zzYzSNOFT2Wyrk4Z5ox08lI1VKzhYVQ9hCBb6aW18xS5BPpFJZ9OfC6Y_zB_ennM2qBySJeVXU.Ehbr6l4KslalOIm6sgbBE6bNkXCTS6PsdwMBotRxXXGdDrFJlllDoGJEY5g7aVCDdcBFpbH0.ycSM9bBv5O5GVZPH0uloD.TN4B2HQBabCObecuuIXnPW1_TwEkkK36P5a5r9aNuk8CHDMN33PQ0ka96oh2xrxQ2iG_ezjoYCHHIasGOGUTPb5TKU_DPT_FWYP9Jfecrbzn3vM_vnzjf9kn75RH28dWoQiNsJQKgntqN49.wb4zEfgHuU.WXBIipwcAztkR9NM7DYm_G3aaxj1PpD0Mq2sl15OC4YuMMlFLqbx4R233dIAVejoVSoEB_d6nSkqa5uvvWRFPtaRbsA6Ey4ntwSg17w.61ZgFjjREeebuphg1dLAG0fPUNP6TSjl1hvIsmU8jcdAJJryM7Pn2aeXU.aob_wezjJPZ0geyGxkJiRM_51zft3P6PLUm8TwZEuG95s_Fu66jZ.2PKJ2DIshWzhyo0DMVImlpouO0W6zZ5hEVDfc2Fin9_H8d5Vn3kNMqAMDlz2Cy0kG6NnPqvZAG9KmGgas"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9272f5bf28a6561c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/archive\/web\/2010\/05\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=8Mt285rg7cW5JVNUe1bqjAuMNxn8ZhtSNnxrAjLDwxc-1743121208-1.0.1.1-_svR1om09oPUW59hJ8W7yUkrfi.pabFnL6_GnAvB8d8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>