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</span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://code.flickr.net/2011/12/16/pleiades-a-guest-post/" title="10:41 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2011-12-16T22:41:45+00:00">December 16, 2011</time></a><span class="by-author"> <span class="sep"> by </span> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://code.flickr.net/author/waferbaby/" title="View all posts by Daniel Bogan" rel="author">Daniel Bogan</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>I recently asked our friend Sean from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://pleiades.stoa.org/">Pleiades</a> (which I will *never* be able to spell correctly) to write up a lil’ guest post on how we did something cool with Flickr machine tags and ancient sites of the world – and here it is!</p> <hr/> <div class="section" id="intro"> <h1>Intro</h1> <p>I’m Sean Gillies, a programmer at <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://isaw.nyu.edu/">ISAW</a>, the Institute for the Study of the<br/> Ancient World at New York University. I’m part of the Digital Programs team,<br/> which develops applications for researchers of ancient civilizations. Most of<br/> my work is on a gazetteer and graph of ancient places called <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://pleiades.stoa.org/">Pleiades</a>. It<br/> identifies and describes over 34,000 places in antiquity and makes them<br/> editable on the web. A grant from the U.S. National Endowment for the<br/> Humanities (<a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://www.neh.gov/">NEH</a>) running through April 2013 is allowing Pleiades to bulk up on<br/> ancient world places and develop features that can support ambitious<br/> applications like the digital classics network called <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com/">Pelagios</a>.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="background"> <h1>Background</h1> <p>In August of 2010, Dan Pett and Ryan Baumann suggested that we coin Flickr<br/> <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://flickr.com/groups/api/discuss/72157594497877875">machine tags</a> in a "pleiades" namespace so that Flickr users could assert<br/> connections between their photos and places in antiquity and search for photos<br/> based on these connections. Ryan is a programmer for the University of<br/> Kentucky’s <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://www.vis.uky.edu/index.php">Center for Visualization and Virtual Environments</a> and<br/> collaborates with NYU and ISAW on <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://papyri.info/">Papyri.info</a>. Dan works at the British<br/> Museum and is the developer of the Portable Antiquities Scheme’s website:<br/> <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://finds.org.uk/">finds.org.uk</a>. At about the same time, ISAW had launched its <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://flickr.com/photos/isawnyu/collections/">Flickr-hosted</a><br/> <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://isaw.nyu.edu/ancient-world-image-bank">Ancient World Image Bank</a> and was looking for ways to exploit these images,<br/> many of which were on the web for the first time. AWIB lead Tom Elliott,<br/> ISAW’s Associate Director for Digital Programs, and AWIB Managing Editor Nate<br/> Nagy started machine tagging AWIB photos in December 2010. When Dan wrote "Now<br/> to get flickr’s system to link back a la openplaques etc." in an email, we all<br/> agreed that would be quite cool, but weren’t really sure how to make it happen.</p> <p>As AWIB picked up steam this year, Tom blogged about the machine tags. His<br/> <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://horothesia.blogspot.com/2011/09/feeds-of-flickr-photos-depicting.html">post</a> was read by <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://www.flickr.com/people/dandiffendale/">Dan Diffendale</a>, who began tagging his photos of cultural<br/> objects to indicate their places of origin or discovery. In email, Tom and Dan<br/> agreed that it would be useful to distinguish between findspot and place of<br/> origin in photos of objects and to distinguish these from photos depicting the<br/> physical site of an ancient place. They resolved to use some of the predicates<br/> from the <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://atlantides.org/trac/concordia/wiki">Concordia</a> project, a collaboration between ISAW and the Center for<br/> Computing in the Humanities at King’s College, London (now the Arts and<br/> Humanities Research Institute), jointly funded by the NEH and <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/">JISC</a>. For<br/> findspots, <tt class="docutils literal">pleiades:findspot=PID</tt> (where PID is the short key of a Pleiades<br/> place) would be used. Place of origin would be tagged by <tt class="docutils literal">pleiades:origin=PID</tt>.<br/> A photo depicting a place would be tagged <tt class="docutils literal">pleiades:depicts=PID</tt>. The original<br/> <tt class="docutils literal">pleiades:place=PID</tt> tag would be for a geographic-historic but otherwise<br/> unspecified relationship between a photo and a place. Concordia’s original<br/> approach was not quite RDF forced into Atom links, and was easily adapted to<br/> Flickr’s "<a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://geobloggers.com/2007/01/24/offtopic-ish-flickr-ramps-up-triple-tag-support/">not quite RDF forced into tags</a>" infrastructure.</p> <p>I heard from <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://www.aaronstraupcope.com/">Aaron Straup Cope</a> at State of the Map (the OpenStreetMap annual<br/> meeting) in Denver that he’d seen Tom’s blog post and, soon after, that it was<br/> on the radar at Flickr. OpenStreetMap machine tags (among some others) get<br/> <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/07/06/extraextraextra/">extra love</a> at Flickr, meaning that Flickr uses the machine tag as a key to<br/> external data shown on or used by photo pages. In the OSM case, that means<br/> structured data about ways <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://code.flickr.com/blog/2009/09/28/thats-maybe-a-bit-too-dorky-even-for-us/">ways and nodes</a>, structured data that surfaces on<br/> photo pages like <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://flickr.com/photos/frankieroberto/3396068360/">http://flickr.com/photos/frankieroberto/3396068360/</a> as "St<br/> George’s House is a building in OpenStreetMap." Outside Flickr, OSM<br/> users can query the Flickr API for photos related to any particular way or<br/> node, enabling street views (for example) not as a product, but as an<br/> grassroots project. Two weeks later, to our delight, Daniel Bogan contacted Tom<br/> about giving Pleiades machine tags the same kind of treatment. He and Tom<br/> quickly came up with good short labels for our predicates and support for the<br/> Pleiades machine tags went live on Flickr in the middle of November.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="the-pleiades-machine-tags"> <h1>The Pleiades machine tags</h1> <p>Pleiades mainly covers the Greek and Roman world from about 900 BC – 600 AD. It<br/> is expanding somewhat into older Egyptian, Near East and Celtic places, and<br/> more recent Byzantine and early Medieval Europe places. Every place has a URL<br/> of the form <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/$PID" rel="nofollow">http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/$PID</a></span></tt> and it is these <tt class="docutils literal">PID</tt><br/> values that go in machine tags. It’s quite easy to find Pleiades places through<br/> the major search engines as well as through the site’s own <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://pleiades.stoa.org/search">search form</a>.</p> <p>The semantics of the tags are as follows:</p> <dl class="docutils"> <dt><strong>pleiades:depicts=PID</strong></dt> <dd>The <tt class="docutils literal">PID</tt> place (or what remains) is depicted in the photo</dd> <dt><strong>pleiades:findspot=PID</strong></dt> <dd>The <tt class="docutils literal">PID</tt> place is where a photo subject was found</dd> <dt><strong>pleiades:origin=PID</strong></dt> <dd>The <tt class="docutils literal">PID</tt> place is where a photo subject was produced</dd> <dt><strong>pleiades:where=PID</strong></dt> <dd>The <tt class="docutils literal">PID</tt> place is the location of the photo subject</dd> <dt><strong>pleiades:place=PID</strong></dt> <dd>The <tt class="docutils literal">PID</tt> place is otherwise related to the photo or its subject</dd> </dl> <p>At Pleiades, our immediate use for the machine tags is giving our ancient<br/> places excellent portrait photos.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="on-the-flickr-side"> <h1>On the Flickr Side</h1> <p>Here’s how it works on the Flickr side, as seen by a user. When you coin a new,<br/> never before used on Flickr machine tag like <tt class="docutils literal">pleiades:depicts=440947682</tt> (as<br/> seen on AWIB’s photo <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://flickr.com/photos/isawnyu/6437728435/">Tombs at El Kab</a> by Iris Fernandez), Flickr fetches the<br/> JSON data at <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/440947682/json">http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/440947682/json</a> in which the<br/> ancient place is represented as a <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://geojson.org/">GeoJSON</a> feature collection. A snippet of<br/> that JSON, fetched with curl and pretty printed with python</p> <pre class="literal-block"> $ curl http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/440947682/json | python -mjson.tool </pre> <p>is shown here:</p> <pre class="literal-block"> { ... "id": "440947682", "title": "El Kab", "type": "FeatureCollection" } </pre> <p>[Gist: <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/https://gist.github.com/1488270">https://gist.github.com/1488270</a>]</p> <p>The title is extracted and used to label a link to the Pleiades place under the<br/> photo’s "Additional info".</p> <p><img alt="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7161/6522002861_537ca823d4_b_d.jpg" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111im_/http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7161/6522002861_537ca823d4_b_d.jpg" style="width: 501px; height: 678px;"/></p> <p>Flickr is in this way a user of the <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://sgillies.net/blog/1101/does-pleiades-have-an-api">Pleiades not-quite-an-API</a> that I blogged<br/> about two weeks ago.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="flickr-as-external-pleiades-editor"> <h1>Flickr as external Pleiades editor</h1> <p>On the Pleiades end, we’re using the Flickr website to identify and collect<br/> openly licensed photos that will serve as portraits for our ancient places. We<br/> can’t control use of tags but would like some editorial control over images,<br/> so we’ve created a Pleiades Places group and pull portrait photos from its pool.<br/> The process goes like this:</p> <p><img alt="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7172/6522275377_bbda2a70ac_o_d.png" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111im_/http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7172/6522275377_bbda2a70ac_o_d.png" style="width: 487px; height: 605px;"/></p> <p>We’re editing (in this one way) Pleiades pages entirely via Flickr. We get a kick<br/> out of this sort of thing at Pleiades. Not only do we love to see small pieces<br/> loosely joined in action, we also love not reinventing applications that already<br/> exist.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="watch-the-birdie"> <h1>Watch the birdie</h1> <p>This system for acquiring portraits uses two Flickr API methods:<br/> <tt class="docutils literal">flickr.photos.search</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">flickr.groups.pools.getPhotos</tt>. The guts of it<br/> is <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/https://gist.github.com/1482469">this Python class</a>:</p> <pre class="literal-block"> class RelatedFlickrJson(BrowserView): """Makes two Flickr API calls and writes the number of related photos and URLs for the most viewed related photo from the Pleiades Places group to JSON like {"portrait": { "url": "http://flickr.com/photos/27621672@N04/3734425631/in/pool-1876758@N22", "img": "http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2474/3734425631_b15979f2cd_m.jpg", "title": "Pont d'Ambroix by sgillies" }, "related": { "url": ["http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/pleiades:*=149492/"], "total": 2 }} for use in the Flickr Photos portlet on every Pleiades place page. """ def __call__(self, **kw): data = {} pid = self.context.getId() # local id like "149492" # Count of related photos tag = "pleiades:*=" + pid h = httplib2.Http() q = dict( method="flickr.photos.search", api_key=FLICKR_API_KEY, machine_tags="pleiades:*=%s" % self.context.getId(), format="json", nojsoncallback=1 ) resp, content = h.request(FLICKR_API_ENDPOINT + "?" + urlencode(q), "GET") if resp['status'] == "200": total = 0 photos = simplejson.loads(content).get('photos') if photos: total = int(photos['total']) data['related'] = dict(total=total, url=FLICKR_TAGS_BASE + tag) # Get portrait photo from group pool tag = "pleiades:depicts=" + pid h = httplib2.Http() q = dict( method="flickr.groups.pools.getPhotos", api_key=FLICKR_API_KEY, group_id=PLEIADES_PLACES_ID, tags=tag, extras="views", format="json", nojsoncallback=1 ) resp, content = h.request(FLICKR_API_ENDPOINT + "?" + urlencode(q), "GET") if resp['status'] == '200': total = 0 photos = simplejson.loads(content).get('photos') if photos: total = int(photos['total']) if total < 1: data['portrait'] = None else: # Sort found photos by number of views, descending most_viewed = sorted( photos['photo'], key=lambda p: p['views'], reverse=True ) photo = most_viewed[0] title = photo['title'] + " by " + photo['ownername'] data['portrait'] = dict( title=title, img=IMG_TMPL % photo, url=PAGE_TMPL % photo ) self.request.response.setStatus(200) self.request.response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json') return simplejson.dumps(data) </pre> <p>[Gist: <a class="reference external" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/https://gist.github.com/1482469">https://gist.github.com/1482469</a>]</p> <p>The same thing could be done with urllib, of course, but I’m a fan of httplib2.<br/> Javascript on Pleiades place pages asynchronously fetches data from this view<br/> and updates the DOM. The end result is a "Flickr Photos" section at the bottom<br/> right of every place page that looks (when we have a portrait) like this:</p> <p><img alt="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7012/6522002865_350997d652_o_d.jpg" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111im_/http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7012/6522002865_350997d652_o_d.jpg" style="width: 599px; height: 529px;"/></p> <p>We’re excited about the extra love for Pleiades places and can clearly see it<br/> working. The number of places tagged <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pleiades:*=</span></tt> is rising quickly – up 50%<br/> just this week – and we’ve gained new portraits for many of our well-known<br/> places. I think it will be interesting to see what developers at Flickr, ISAW,<br/> or museums make of the <tt class="docutils literal">pleiades:findspot=</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">pleiades:origin=</tt> tags.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="thanks"> <h1>Thanks</h1> <p>We’re grateful to Flickr and Daniel Bogan for the extra love and opportunity to<br/> blog about it. Work on Pleiades is supported by the NEH and ISAW. Our machine tag<br/> predicates come from a NEH-JISC project – still bearing fruit several years later.</p> </div> <div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> <span class="cat-links"> <span class="entry-utility-prep entry-utility-prep-cat-links">Posted in</span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://code.flickr.net/category/uncategorized/" title="View all posts in Uncategorized" rel="category tag">Uncategorized</a> </span> </footer> </article> </div> </section> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20130503115111/http://code.flickr.net/"> <label for="s" class="assistive-text">Search</label> <input type="text" class="field" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search"/> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search"/> 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