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Conductivité thermique — Wikipédia

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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conductivité_des_gaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Conductivité des gaz</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conductivité_des_gaz-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Conductivité des gaz</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conductivité_des_gaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corps_purs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corps_purs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Corps purs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corps_purs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mélanges_gazeux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mélanges_gazeux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mélanges gazeux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mélanges_gazeux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conductivité_des_solides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conductivité_des_solides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Conductivité des solides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conductivité_des_solides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Évolution_avec_l&#039;humidité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Évolution_avec_l&#039;humidité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Évolution avec l'humidité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Évolution_avec_l&#039;humidité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesure_pour_les_solides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesure_pour_les_solides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mesure pour les solides</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mesure_pour_les_solides-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Mesure pour les solides</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mesure_pour_les_solides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-État_stationnaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#État_stationnaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>État stationnaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-État_stationnaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Méthode_dite_«_Laser_Flash_»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Méthode_dite_«_Laser_Flash_»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Méthode dite « Laser Flash »</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Méthode_dite_«_Laser_Flash_»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dans_la_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dans_la_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dans la construction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dans_la_construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Dans la construction</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dans_la_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Résistance_thermique_d&#039;une_paroi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Résistance_thermique_d&#039;une_paroi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Résistance thermique d'une paroi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Résistance_thermique_d&#039;une_paroi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Normes_et_règlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Normes_et_règlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Normes et règlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Normes_et_règlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conductivités_thermiques_de_quelques_matériaux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conductivités_thermiques_de_quelques_matériaux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Conductivités thermiques de quelques matériaux</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conductivités_thermiques_de_quelques_matériaux-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Conductivités thermiques de quelques matériaux</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conductivités_thermiques_de_quelques_matériaux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Métaux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Métaux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Métaux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Métaux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pierre_naturelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pierre_naturelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Pierre naturelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pierre_naturelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Terre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Bois</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isolants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Isolants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dérivés_du_carbone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dérivés_du_carbone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Dérivés du carbone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dérivés_du_carbone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matériaux_divers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matériaux_divers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Matériaux divers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matériaux_divers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conductivités_thermiques_des_éléments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conductivités_thermiques_des_éléments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Conductivités thermiques des éléments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conductivités_thermiques_des_éléments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Conductivité thermique</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 63 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termiese_geleidingsvermo%C3%AB" title="Termiese geleidingsvermoë – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Termiese geleidingsvermoë" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ناقلية حرارية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناقلية حرارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivid%C3%A1_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Conductividá térmica – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conductividá térmica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Цеплаправоднасць – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цеплаправоднасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Цеплаправоднасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цеплаправоднасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Топлопроводимост – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Топлопроводимост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplotna_provodljivost" title="Toplotna provodljivost – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Toplotna provodljivost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivitat_t%C3%A8rmica" title="Conductivitat tèrmica – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conductivitat tèrmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepeln%C3%A1_vodivost" title="Tepelná vodivost – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tepelná vodivost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%88%C4%83%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Ăшăяраслăх – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăшăяраслăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specifik_varmeledningsevne" title="Specifik varmeledningsevne – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Specifik varmeledningsevne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Θερμική αγωγιμότητα – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμική αγωγιμότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity" title="Thermal conductivity and resistivity – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thermal conductivity and resistivity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termika_konduktivo" title="Termika konduktivo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Termika konduktivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductividad_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Conductividad térmica – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conductividad térmica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soojusjuhtivustegur" title="Soojusjuhtivustegur – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Soojusjuhtivustegur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroankortasun_termiko" title="Eroankortasun termiko – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eroankortasun termiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="رسانندگی گرمایی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رسانندگی گرمایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mm%C3%B6njohtavuus" title="Lämmönjohtavuus – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lämmönjohtavuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoltacht_theirmeach" title="Seoltacht theirmeach – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seoltacht theirmeach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutividade_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Condutividade térmica – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condutividade térmica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9D" title="מוליכות חום – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוליכות חום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="ऊष्मा चालकता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्मा चालकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplinska_vodljivost" title="Toplinska vodljivost – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Toplinska vodljivost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%91vezet%C3%A9s" title="Hővezetés – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hővezetés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konduktivitas termal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_termica" title="Conducibilità termica – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conducibilità termica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E4%BC%9D%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱伝導率 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熱伝導率" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Konduktivitas termal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="თბოგამტარობა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თბოგამტარობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A8" title="열전도율 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열전도율" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduttivit%C3%A0_t%C3%A8rmica" title="Conduttività tèrmica – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Conduttività tèrmica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltumvad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Siltumvadītspēja – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Siltumvadītspēja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Топлинска спроводливост – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Топлинска спроводливост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4" title="താപചാലകത – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താപചാലകത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekonduksian_haba" title="Kekonduksian haba – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kekonduksian haba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermische_geleidbaarheid" title="Thermische geleidbaarheid – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thermische geleidbaarheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmeleiingsevne" title="Varmeleiingsevne – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Varmeleiingsevne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termisk_konduktivitet" title="Termisk konduktivitet – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Termisk konduktivitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przewodno%C5%9B%C4%87_cieplna" title="Przewodność cieplna – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewodność cieplna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%90_%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="د تودوخې تېرېدنه – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د تودوخې تېرېدنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condutividade_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Condutividade térmica – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condutividade térmica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivitate_termic%C4%83" title="Conductivitate termică – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Conductivitate termică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Теплопроводность – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теплопроводность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" title="Thermal conductivity – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thermal conductivity" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplinska_vodljivost" title="Toplinska vodljivost – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Toplinska vodljivost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" title="Thermal conductivity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thermal conductivity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koeficient_tepelnej_vodivosti" title="Koeficient tepelnej vodivosti – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koeficient tepelnej vodivosti" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplotna_prevodnost" title="Toplotna prevodnost – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Toplotna prevodnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Топлотна проводљивост – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Топлотна проводљивост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rmeledningsf%C3%B6rm%C3%A5ga" title="Värmeledningsförmåga – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Värmeledningsförmåga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="வெப்பக் கடத்துதிறன் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பக் கடத்துதிறன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Гармигузаронӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гармигузаронӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termal_na_konduktibidad" title="Termal na konduktibidad – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Termal na konduktibidad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C4%B1_iletkenli%C4%9Fi" title="Isı iletkenliği – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Isı iletkenliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Коефіцієнт теплопровідності – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коефіцієнт теплопровідності" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issiqlik_o%CA%BBtkazuvchanlik" title="Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_d%E1%BA%ABn_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Độ dẫn nhiệt – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ dẫn nhiệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AF%BC%E7%8E%87" title="热导率 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="热导率" 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infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div>Conductivité thermique</div> </div> <div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Linear_Heat_flow.svg&amp;lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Linear_Heat_flow.svg/langfr-220px-Linear_Heat_flow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Linear_Heat_flow.svg/langfr-330px-Linear_Heat_flow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Linear_Heat_flow.svg/langfr-440px-Linear_Heat_flow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">La conductivité thermique est l'aptitude d'un matériau à transférer la chaleur.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9s_de_base_du_Syst%C3%A8me_international" title="Unités de base du Système international">Unités SI</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Watt_par_m%C3%A8tre-kelvin" title="Watt par mètre-kelvin">Watt par mètre-kelvin</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dimension_(physique)" title="Dimension (physique)">Dimension</a></th> <td> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Masse" title="Masse">M</a>·<a href="/wiki/Longueur" title="Longueur">L</a>·<a href="/wiki/Temps_(physique)" title="Temps (physique)">T</a><sup>&#x200a;−3</sup>·<a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_thermodynamique" title="Température thermodynamique">Θ</a><sup>&#x200a;−1</sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nature</th> <td> Grandeur <a href="/wiki/Scalaire_(physique)" title="Scalaire (physique)">scalaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Grandeur_intensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandeur intensive">intensive</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Symbole usuel</th> <td> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }" /></span> ou <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" /></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lien à d'autres grandeurs</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_flux_thermique" class="mw-redirect" title="Densité de flux thermique"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\varphi }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>&#x3c6;<!-- φ --></mi> <mo>&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\varphi }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0e4fb660d7ea4860c0c63261a82121ea7ac5937b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.517ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\varphi }}}" /></span></a> = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -\lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -\lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0b7273c3daae98ce0f6c46098ad78933c621c835" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.163ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -\lambda }" /></span> <a href="/wiki/Gradient" title="Gradient"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {grad} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mo>&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {grad} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47f90f279ed8b609a1796066136d7d4ce4062987" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.421ex; width:4.659ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\mathrm {grad} }}}" /></span></a><a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_thermodynamique" title="Température thermodynamique"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (T)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (T)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5f9a82bdcb95d511ed6965b0534a3eda98ceb62" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.446ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (T)}" /></span></a></td> </tr> </tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style=""><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Grandeur_physique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="Conductivité">Conductivité</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>La <b>conductivité thermique</b> (ou <b>conductibilité thermique</b>) d'un <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau" title="Matériau">matériau</a> est une <a href="/wiki/Grandeur_physique" title="Grandeur physique">grandeur physique</a> qui caractérise sa capacité à diffuser la chaleur dans les milieux sans déplacement macroscopique de matière<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. C'est le rapport de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_thermique" title="Énergie thermique">énergie thermique</a> (quantité de <a href="/wiki/Transfert_thermique" title="Transfert thermique">chaleur</a>) transférée par unité de temps (donc homogène à une puissance, en <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watts</a>) et de surface au <a href="/wiki/Gradient" title="Gradient">gradient</a> de <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature" title="Température">température</a>. Notée <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ</span> (anciennement <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">K</span> voire <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">k</span>), la conductivité thermique intervient notamment dans la <a href="/wiki/Conduction_thermique#Loi_de_Fourier" title="Conduction thermique">loi de Fourier</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Généralités"><span id="G.C3.A9n.C3.A9ralit.C3.A9s"></span>Généralités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Généralités" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Généralités"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quand le matériau considéré est <a href="/wiki/Homog%C3%A9n%C3%A9it%C3%A9_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Homogénéité (matériau)">homogène</a> et <a href="/wiki/Isotropie" title="Isotropie">isotrope</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Conduction_thermique#Loi_de_Fourier" title="Conduction thermique">loi de Fourier</a> s'écrit<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\varphi }}=-\lambda \,{\overrightarrow {\operatorname {grad} }}\,T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>&#x3c6;<!-- φ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>grad</mi> <mo>&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\varphi }}=-\lambda \,{\overrightarrow {\operatorname {grad} }}\,T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2942a9fb067b4fc24ff5b3298cea9e155116e3d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-top: -0.421ex; width:14.852ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\varphi }}=-\lambda \,{\overrightarrow {\operatorname {grad} }}\,T}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\varphi }}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>&#x3c6;<!-- φ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\varphi }}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db8c172eee0702fab7165bb657b6c37725b540c7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.907ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\varphi }}\,}" /></span> désigne la <a href="/wiki/Flux_thermique" title="Flux thermique">densité de flux thermique</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre carré">W/m<sup>2</sup></abbr>),</dd> <dd><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ </span> la conductivité thermique (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>),</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\operatorname {grad} }}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>grad</mi> <mo>&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> </mover> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\operatorname {grad} }}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5081ce039dde51fecfe997342a979769dd258220" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.421ex; width:5.046ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\operatorname {grad} }}\,}" /></span> l'<a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9rateur_diff%C3%A9rentiel" title="Opérateur différentiel">opérateur</a> <a href="/wiki/Gradient" title="Gradient">gradient</a>,</dd> <dd><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">T </span> la <a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_thermodynamique" title="Température thermodynamique">température</a> (K).</dd></dl> <p>Un matériau a par exemple une conductivité thermique de 1&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr> si un <a href="/wiki/Gradient#Gradient_de_température" title="Gradient">gradient thermique</a> de 1&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin par mètre">K/m</abbr> induit par <a href="/wiki/Conduction_thermique" title="Conduction thermique">conduction</a> un <a href="/wiki/Flux_thermique" title="Flux thermique">flux thermique</a> de 1&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre carré">W/m<sup>2</sup></abbr> (de sens opposé au gradient). </p><p>Lorsque le matériau est anisotrope, sa conductivité thermique varie selon les directions. Le <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ</span> mentionné dans la loi de Fourier peut alors s'exprimer par un tenseur de conductivité<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ</span> = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\lambda _{1,1}&amp;\lambda _{1,2}&amp;\lambda _{1,3}\\\lambda _{2,1}&amp;\lambda _{2,2}&amp;\lambda _{2,3}\\\lambda _{3,1}&amp;\lambda _{3,2}&amp;\lambda _{3,3}\end{pmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\lambda _{1,1}&amp;\lambda _{1,2}&amp;\lambda _{1,3}\\\lambda _{2,1}&amp;\lambda _{2,2}&amp;\lambda _{2,3}\\\lambda _{3,1}&amp;\lambda _{3,2}&amp;\lambda _{3,3}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b8dd97a21254f59dfb39d9730f95c6144f1c6eb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:20.53ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\lambda _{1,1}&amp;\lambda _{1,2}&amp;\lambda _{1,3}\\\lambda _{2,1}&amp;\lambda _{2,2}&amp;\lambda _{2,3}\\\lambda _{3,1}&amp;\lambda _{3,2}&amp;\lambda _{3,3}\end{pmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>avec les remarques suivantes&#160;: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,j}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,j}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a2dfed676cc5bee09c1028b54316601f1349c46" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.29ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,j}}" /></span> &gt; 0</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,j}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,j}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a2dfed676cc5bee09c1028b54316601f1349c46" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.29ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,j}}" /></span> = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{j,i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{j,i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e3d2f98fa20ef2fba0a2bd981ce87cd7661da675" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.29ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{j,i}}" /></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,i}\lambda _{j,j}-\lambda _{i,j}^{2}&gt;0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msubsup> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,i}\lambda _{j,j}-\lambda _{i,j}^{2}&gt;0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5986abc622d3ec78c27ee699f217c9a353f88edf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:16.971ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i,i}\lambda _{j,j}-\lambda _{i,j}^{2}&gt;0}" /></span></li></ul> <p>Définir les axes de coordonnées selon des directions particulières permet de simplifier le tenseur de conductivité en annulant tous les coefficients de la matrice qui ne sont pas des coefficients diagonaux. Le <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ</span> de la loi de Fourier s'exprime alors de la manière suivante<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">λ</span> = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\lambda _{1,1}&amp;0&amp;0\\0&amp;\lambda _{2,2}&amp;0\\0&amp;0&amp;\lambda _{3,3}\end{pmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\lambda _{1,1}&amp;0&amp;0\\0&amp;\lambda _{2,2}&amp;0\\0&amp;0&amp;\lambda _{3,3}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bb6fc8c30d51f4b217b36788e18b921f4bc9db7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:20.53ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}\lambda _{1,1}&amp;0&amp;0\\0&amp;\lambda _{2,2}&amp;0\\0&amp;0&amp;\lambda _{3,3}\end{pmatrix}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <div style="margin:0.5em 2em;"><strong>Exemple du transfert thermique à travers une paroi (une dimension, régime permanent)&#160;:</strong> <div style="padding-left:2em; border-left:1px dotted #999;"> <p>Considérons une paroi d'épaisseur <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">e</span> dont les deux surfaces externes, planes et d'aire <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">S</span>, sont maintenues à des températures uniformes et constantes <span class="texhtml"><i>T</i><sub>1</sub></span> et <span class="texhtml"><i>T</i><sub>2</sub></span> (avec par exemple <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{2}&gt;T_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{2}&gt;T_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/250cc00b26136105202559ce760ab12a656cb4a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.922ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{2}&gt;T_{1}}" /></span>). Alors la puissance thermique <span class="texhtml">Φ</span> transférée à travers la paroi est <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi =\lambda \,{\frac {S}{e}}\,(T_{2}-T_{1})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x3a6;<!-- Φ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>S</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi =\lambda \,{\frac {S}{e}}\,(T_{2}-T_{1})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/225aafbabe436ef94d4b4b2576d8dfc019dcc8bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:18.715ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi =\lambda \,{\frac {S}{e}}\,(T_{2}-T_{1})}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Dans le système international d'unités <span class="texhtml">Φ</span> s'exprime en <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watts</a> (W). </p><p>La conductivité thermique du matériau d'une paroi (mesurée en laboratoire et indiquée dans la documentation des fabricants) et son épaisseur permettent notamment de calculer les <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9perdition_thermique" title="Déperdition thermique">déperditions thermiques</a> au travers de cette paroi sur une période déterminée (un an, un hiver,&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>). </p><p>Exemple&#160;: une paroi d'un <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8tre_carr%C3%A9" title="Mètre carré">mètre carré</a> de surface et d'un mètre d'épaisseur, de conductivité thermique 0,5&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>, est soumise à un flux de chaleur de 0,5&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt">W</abbr> pour une différence de température de <span title="−272,15 °C ou −457,87 °F" style="cursor:help">1</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr> entre ses deux faces, soit en une heure une déperdition de 0,5&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt-heure">Wh</abbr>. </p> </div></div> <p>Plus la conductivité thermique est élevée, plus le matériau est conducteur de chaleur&#160;; plus elle est faible, plus il est isolant. Le <a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">cuivre</a>, avec une conductivité thermique de 380&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>, est ainsi plus de 10&#160;000&#160;fois plus conducteur de la chaleur que le <a href="/wiki/Polyur%C3%A9thane" title="Polyuréthane">polyuréthane</a> (0,023&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La conductivité dépend principalement de&#160;: </p> <ul><li>la nature du matériau&#160;;</li> <li>la température&#160;;</li> <li>d’autres paramètres comme l’humidité et la pression.</li></ul> <p>La conductivité thermique va généralement de pair avec la <a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">conductivité électrique</a>. Les métaux par exemple, bons conducteurs de l'électricité, sont aussi de bons conducteurs thermiques. Il y a des exceptions, comme le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> qui a une conductivité thermique élevée (entre 1&#160;000&#160;et 2&#160;600&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) alors que sa conductivité électrique est basse, tandis que le <a href="/wiki/Graph%C3%A8ne" title="Graphène">graphène</a> (5&#160;300&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) est meilleur conducteur thermique et bien meilleur conducteur électrique (du moins dans certaines directions, car c'est un matériau fortement anisotrope). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conductivité_des_gaz"><span id="Conductivit.C3.A9_des_gaz"></span>Conductivité des gaz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Conductivité des gaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Conductivité des gaz"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La conductivité des gaz purs et des mélanges peut être calculée à partir de la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_de_Chapman-Enskog" title="Méthode de Chapman-Enskog">méthode de Chapman-Enskog</a> en utilisant un potentiel d'interaction molécule-molécule tel que le <a href="/wiki/Potentiel_Lennard-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel Lennard-Jones">potentiel Lennard-Jones</a>. Cette propriété de transport macroscopique (domaine continu) est l'image des transferts de quantité de mouvement et d'énergie à l'échelle moléculaire qui croissent avec la force des collisions, donc avec la température et qui s'opposent à l'<a href="/wiki/Advection" title="Advection">advection</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Quantit%C3%A9_de_mouvement" title="Quantité de mouvement">quantité de mouvement</a> dans le milieu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corps_purs">Corps purs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Corps purs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Corps purs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La conductivité d'un <a href="/wiki/Corps_pur" title="Corps pur">corps pur</a> sans degré de liberté interne est étroitement liée à sa <a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A9#Viscosité_des_gaz" title="Viscosité">viscosité</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle \mu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bc;<!-- μ --></mi> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle \mu }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bb4a0e5dd0591a52561454cbe34b129b2cd6aeb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.402ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle \mu }" /></span> et donnée par l'expression suivante </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {5C_{V}}{2}}\mu ={\frac {5\alpha }{2}}{\frac {(MT)^{\frac {1}{2}}}{\sigma ^{2}\Omega ^{*}}}C_{V}^{trans}\,,\quad \alpha ={\frac {5}{16}}\left({\frac {k_{B}}{\pi N_{A}}}\right)^{\frac {1}{2}}=8.4419...\times 10^{-25}\,J^{\frac {1}{2}}\cdot K^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}\cdot mol^{\frac {1}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>&#x3bc;<!-- μ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> <mi>&#x3b1;<!-- α --></mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mi>T</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>&#x3c3;<!-- σ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x3a9;<!-- Ω --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2217;<!-- ∗ --></mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em"></mspace> <mi>&#x3b1;<!-- α --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>16</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mi>&#x3c0;<!-- π --></mi> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8.4419...</mn> <mo>&#xd7;<!-- × --></mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>25</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x22c5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x22c5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>o</mi> <msup> <mi>l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {5C_{V}}{2}}\mu ={\frac {5\alpha }{2}}{\frac {(MT)^{\frac {1}{2}}}{\sigma ^{2}\Omega ^{*}}}C_{V}^{trans}\,,\quad \alpha ={\frac {5}{16}}\left({\frac {k_{B}}{\pi N_{A}}}\right)^{\frac {1}{2}}=8.4419...\times 10^{-25}\,J^{\frac {1}{2}}\cdot K^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}\cdot mol^{\frac {1}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb7abbe5345c33408b4184407f1551717f5937b2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:91.725ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {5C_{V}}{2}}\mu ={\frac {5\alpha }{2}}{\frac {(MT)^{\frac {1}{2}}}{\sigma ^{2}\Omega ^{*}}}C_{V}^{trans}\,,\quad \alpha ={\frac {5}{16}}\left({\frac {k_{B}}{\pi N_{A}}}\right)^{\frac {1}{2}}=8.4419...\times 10^{-25}\,J^{\frac {1}{2}}\cdot K^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}\cdot mol^{\frac {1}{2}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" /></span> est la température, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" /></span> la <a href="/wiki/Masse_molaire" title="Masse molaire">masse molaire</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N_{A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N_{A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fa9233ef6a6a2c0576dbf65490ddb8307fde494" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.331ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N_{A}}" /></span> le <a href="/wiki/Nombre_d%27Avogadro" title="Nombre d&#39;Avogadro">nombre d'Avogadro</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70f38f7b73e53fd7b5d9ca64bec3a1438cc0eade" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.691ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{B}}" /></span> la <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Boltzmann" title="Constante de Boltzmann">constante de Boltzmann</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3c3;<!-- σ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }" /></span> la <a href="/wiki/Section_efficace" title="Section efficace">section efficace</a> et <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega ^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x3a9;<!-- Ω --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2217;<!-- ∗ --></mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega ^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/05703e8ad8c9104541edbf2c94c928775f6ad114" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega ^{*}}" /></span> l'<a href="/wiki/Int%C3%A9grales_de_collision" title="Intégrales de collision">intégrale de collision</a> réduite par sa valeur utilisant un potentiel <a href="/wiki/Sph%C3%A8res_%C3%A9lastiques_infiniment_dures" title="Sphères élastiques infiniment dures">sphères dures</a>. Ce terme dépend faiblement de la température, il est donc voisin de l'unité. Si on prend <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega ^{*}=1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x3a9;<!-- Ω --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2217;<!-- ∗ --></mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega ^{*}=1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a755f6c307f76f5d2964931688bed21d5bec960f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.993ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega ^{*}=1}" /></span> on retrouve l'approximation d'un milieu composé de <a href="/wiki/Sph%C3%A8res_%C3%A9lastiques_infiniment_dures" title="Sphères élastiques infiniment dures">sphères dures</a> parfaitement élastiques. Le terme <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{\frac {1}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{\frac {1}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2944b2439e4e55a2bc753aba3c1746d9699497e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.456ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{\frac {1}{2}}}" /></span> représente le nombre de collisions par unité de temps. </p><p>La chaleur massique à volume constant est réduite à sa composante liée à la translation&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{V}=C_{V}^{trans}={\frac {3R}{2M}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{V}=C_{V}^{trans}={\frac {3R}{2M}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/429097e9565a024340094605242bbebc6991bbfb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.788ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{V}=C_{V}^{trans}={\frac {3R}{2M}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>La contribution des degrés de liberté internes est obtenue en utilisant la <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A9lation_d%27Eucken" title="Corrélation d&#39;Eucken">corrélation d'Eucken</a>. </p><p>La quantité <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma \Omega ^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3c3;<!-- σ --></mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x3a9;<!-- Ω --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2217;<!-- ∗ --></mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma \Omega ^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65c0699cd56beb68b2e98ad7d2d04687e9c34e2d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.062ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma \Omega ^{*}}" /></span> est souvent disponible dans les bases de données sous forme tabulée<sup id="cite_ref-Hirschfelder_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirschfelder-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ou sous forme polynomiale </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y=\sum _{i=i_{1}}^{i_{2}}a_{i}T^{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&#x2211;<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y=\sum _{i=i_{1}}^{i_{2}}a_{i}T^{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4cceb9626f8ef38d2458a48ed6d59c659c6a22a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:12.545ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y=\sum _{i=i_{1}}^{i_{2}}a_{i}T^{i}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5484b6123d92ccfcef3204a32720eeae60998e29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.857ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i_{1}}" /></span> peut être négatif. On trouve également des approximations faisant intervenir des termes en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{-b_{i}T}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{-b_{i}T}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/723d6911129cf568f4a9f8f4109ed9e5776cfe7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.082ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{-b_{i}T}}" /></span>. </p><p>Ce type d'approximation est également utilisé pour donner une expression numérique <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =f(T)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =f(T)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/12e8af547eed4513c0df20ff5478d2b61e4cdbf0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.178ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =f(T)}" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mélanges_gazeux"><span id="M.C3.A9langes_gazeux"></span>Mélanges gazeux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Mélanges gazeux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mélanges gazeux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Conductivite_translationnelle_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Conductivite_translationnelle_air.jpg/250px-Conductivite_translationnelle_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Conductivite_translationnelle_air.jpg/330px-Conductivite_translationnelle_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Conductivite_translationnelle_air.jpg/500px-Conductivite_translationnelle_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="1447" /></a><figcaption>Conductivité translationnelle de l'air à l'équilibre à pression normale. Valeur exacte et approximations.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Conductivite_interne_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Conductivite_interne_air.jpg/220px-Conductivite_interne_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Conductivite_interne_air.jpg/330px-Conductivite_interne_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Conductivite_interne_air.jpg/440px-Conductivite_interne_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="1403" /></a><figcaption>Conductivité interne de l'air à l'équilibre à pression normale. Valeur exacte et approximations.</figcaption></figure> <p>La conductivité translationnelle d'un mélange gazeux de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}" /></span> corps est solution d'un <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%A9quations_alg%C3%A9briques" title="Système d&#39;équations algébriques">système algébrique</a> linéaire d'ordre <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}" /></span> et de <a href="/wiki/Rang_(math%C3%A9matiques)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rang (mathématiques)">rang</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N-1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N-1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86aeb216b214f70df1341f34ce273cd3582ce2aa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.066ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N-1}" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-Hirschfelder_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirschfelder-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kremer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kremer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elle s'exprime donc sous la forme <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =f\left(T,x_{i}(T)\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =f\left(T,x_{i}(T)\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b249e284d1066f881bfb71dc4556abd912559d15" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.174ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =f\left(T,x_{i}(T)\right)}" /></span> où <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e87000dd6142b81d041896a30fe58f0c3acb2158" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.129ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{i}}" /></span> est la <a href="/wiki/Fraction_volumique" title="Fraction volumique">fraction volumique</a> de l'espèce <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.802ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i}" /></span> dans le mélange. Il existe nombre d'approximations précises dans un domaine plus ou moins large (voir figure ci-contre). Elles sont généralement basées sur une approximation de la solution formelle sous forme d'une série de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9terminant_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Déterminant (mathématiques)">déterminants</a>. On obtient ainsi<sup id="cite_ref-Duffa_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =\sum _{i}{\frac {x_{i}\lambda _{i}}{x_{i}+\sum _{j\neq i}\psi _{ij}x_{j}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>&#x2211;<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munder> <mo>&#x2211;<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> <mo>&#x2260;<!-- ≠ --></mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mi>&#x3c8;<!-- ψ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =\sum _{i}{\frac {x_{i}\lambda _{i}}{x_{i}+\sum _{j\neq i}\psi _{ij}x_{j}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8e3be47bfc7c5057b19bf7572fdc5705277bfb8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:24.828ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =\sum _{i}{\frac {x_{i}\lambda _{i}}{x_{i}+\sum _{j\neq i}\psi _{ij}x_{j}}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>avec (par exemple)&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \psi _{ij}={\frac {{\mathcal {D}}_{ii}}{{\mathcal {D}}_{ij}}}x_{j}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x3c8;<!-- ψ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \psi _{ij}={\frac {{\mathcal {D}}_{ii}}{{\mathcal {D}}_{ij}}}x_{j}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c03b1c3f4148fc74a0a785efa5ebd331c02d1cf1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:12.433ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \psi _{ij}={\frac {{\mathcal {D}}_{ii}}{{\mathcal {D}}_{ij}}}x_{j}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Où <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\mathcal {D}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">D</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle {\mathcal {D}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/25e75029abcbf212a78e500ddf65a223eea0711f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.792ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle {\mathcal {D}}}" /></span> est le <a href="/wiki/Coefficient_de_diffusion#Milieux_gazeux" title="Coefficient de diffusion">coefficient de diffusion binaire</a>. </p><p>Beaucoup d'autres approximations sont possibles<sup id="cite_ref-Duffa_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duffa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Touloukian1970Touloukian1970_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touloukian1970Touloukian1970-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>On peut obtenir avec le même type de méthode des approximations de la conductivité interne, avec cependant une précision assez modeste (voir courbes). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conductivité_des_solides"><span id="Conductivit.C3.A9_des_solides"></span>Conductivité des solides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Conductivité des solides" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Conductivité des solides"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À l'échelle atomique, le <a href="/wiki/Transfert_thermique" title="Transfert thermique">transfert de chaleur</a> dans les solides peut être réalisé par le biais de toute particule ou quasi-particule. La conductivité thermique correspond à la somme des contributions de celles-ci. Dans les solides, le transfert de chaleur est principalement dû aux <a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">phonons</a>, aux <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron" title="Électron">électrons</a> et aux <a href="/wiki/Magnon_(physique)" title="Magnon (physique)">magnons</a>. Les magnons peuvent représenter une part importante de la conductivité thermique dans certains matériaux comme les <a href="/wiki/Cuprate" title="Cuprate">cuprates</a>. Des contributions d'autres particules restent possibles<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Dans les <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal">métaux</a>, le mouvement des <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_de_l%27%C3%A9lectron_libre" title="Modèle de l&#39;électron libre">électrons libres</a> est prépondérant dans la conduction de chaleur du fait de leur vitesse importante et de leur liberté de mouvements, bien qu'une faible part d'entre eux soient thermiquement excités. Dans les non-métaux, la vibration des atomes est la plus importante dans ce rôle<sup id="cite_ref-PSL_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. La conductivité thermique et la <a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">conductivité électrique</a> sont donc étroitement liées. En effet, dans un solide, les vibrations des atomes ne sont pas aléatoires et indépendantes les unes des autres, mais correspondent à des modes propres de vibration, aussi appelés «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">phonons</a>&#160;» (on peut faire par exemple l’analogie avec un <a href="/wiki/Pendule_pesant" title="Pendule pesant">pendule</a> ou une <a href="/wiki/Corde_(musique)" title="Corde (musique)">corde</a> de guitare, dont la fréquence de vibration est fixée). Ces modes propres de vibration correspondent à des <a href="/wiki/Onde" title="Onde">ondes</a> qui peuvent se propager dans le matériau, si sa structure est périodique (organisée). Cette contribution est donc plus importante dans un <a href="/wiki/Cristal" title="Cristal">cristal</a>, ordonné, que dans un <a href="/wiki/Verre" title="Verre">verre</a>, désordonné (d’où par exemple la différence de conductivité thermique entre le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> ci-dessus et le <a href="/wiki/Verre" title="Verre">verre</a> dans le tableau)<sup id="cite_ref-PSL_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Mathématiquement, la conductivité thermique <i>λ</i> peut donc s'écrire comme la somme de deux contributions<sup id="cite_ref-PSL_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =\lambda _{\text{e}}+\lambda _{\text{p}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>e</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>p</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =\lambda _{\text{e}}+\lambda _{\text{p}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cff890a38944d0e20d7dcddd0d7340b3ebe44b68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.113ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =\lambda _{\text{e}}+\lambda _{\text{p}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où&#160;: </p> <ul><li><i>λ</i><sub>e</sub> est la contribution des porteurs de charge (<a href="/wiki/Semi-conducteur" title="Semi-conducteur">électrons ou trous</a>), ou conductivité thermique électronique&#160;;</li> <li><i>λ</i><sub>p</sub> est la contribution des vibrations des atomes (<a href="/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon">phonons</a>), ou conductivité thermique de réseau.</li></ul> <p>La contribution des porteurs de charge est liée à la <a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">conductivité électrique</a> σ du matériau par la relation de <a href="/wiki/Loi_de_Wiedemann_et_Franz" title="Loi de Wiedemann et Franz">Wiedemann-Franz</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{e}=LT\sigma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>&#x3c3;<!-- σ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{e}=LT\sigma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/958d2e9ba44b98c51418f1c847be554a52dc934b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.001ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{e}=LT\sigma }" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où <i>L</i> est appelé <a href="/wiki/Facteur_de_Lorentz" title="Facteur de Lorentz">facteur de Lorentz</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Ce nombre <i>L</i> dépend des processus de diffusion des porteurs de charge (ce qui correspond plus ou moins à la façon dont ils sont gênés par des obstacles lors de leurs déplacements, voir aussi <a href="/wiki/Diffusion_des_ondes" title="Diffusion des ondes">diffusion des ondes</a>) ainsi que de la position du <a href="/wiki/Niveau_de_Fermi" title="Niveau de Fermi">niveau de Fermi</a>. Dans les métaux, on le considérera égal au nombre de <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Lorenz" title="Ludvig Lorenz">Lorenz</a> <i>L</i><sub>0</sub>, avec&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L_{0}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{3}}\left({\frac {k}{e}}\right)^{2}=2{,}45\times 10^{-8}\;\mathrm {V} ^{2}\mathrm {K} ^{-2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>&#x3c0;<!-- π --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>k</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> <mn>45</mn> <mo>&#xd7;<!-- × --></mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L_{0}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{3}}\left({\frac {k}{e}}\right)^{2}=2{,}45\times 10^{-8}\;\mathrm {V} ^{2}\mathrm {K} ^{-2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2c42ca5376e45ef44a5c78097d71b8d99e0b1859" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:37.797ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L_{0}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{3}}\left({\frac {k}{e}}\right)^{2}=2{,}45\times 10^{-8}\;\mathrm {V} ^{2}\mathrm {K} ^{-2}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où&#160;: </p> <ul><li><i>k</i> est la <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Boltzmann" title="Constante de Boltzmann">constante de Boltzmann</a>&#160;;</li> <li><i>e</i> est la <a href="/wiki/Constante_physique" title="Constante physique">charge de l'électron</a>.</li></ul> <p>En réalité, <i>L</i> varie selon la température et le métal considéré&#160;: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériaux </th> <th>Facteur de Lorenz<sup id="cite_ref-Kaye&amp;Laby_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaye&amp;Laby-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /> (× 10<sup>−8</sup>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="volt carré par kelvin carré">V<sup>2</sup>&#160;K<sup>−2</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="32 °F ou 273,2 K">0&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th> <th>Facteur de Lorenz<sup id="cite_ref-Kaye&amp;Laby_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaye&amp;Laby-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /> (× 10<sup>−8</sup>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="volt carré par kelvin carré">V<sup>2</sup>&#160;K<sup>−2</sup></abbr>)<br /> à <span title="212 °F ou 373,2 K">100&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,14"> 2,14</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,19"> 2,19</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,31"> 2,31</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,38"> 2,38</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="3,53"> 3,53</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="3,35"> 3,35</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,20"> 2,20</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,29"> 2,29</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer">Fer</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,61"> 2,61</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,88"> 2,88</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Or</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,32"> 2,32</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,36"> 2,36</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">Plomb</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,64"> 2,64</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,53"> 2,53</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="2,12"> 2,12</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="- !"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Évolution_avec_l'humidité"><span id=".C3.89volution_avec_l.27humidit.C3.A9"></span>Évolution avec l'humidité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Évolution avec l&#39;humidité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Évolution avec l&#39;humidité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pour les matériaux de construction, qui peuvent être sujets à d'importants taux d'humidité, il existe une relation permettant de relier les conductivités du matériau sec et du matériau humide lorsque des mesures ne peuvent être réalisées. Cette relation est la suivante<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda =k\,\lambda _{0}\mathrm {e} ^{0{,}08\,H}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msub> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> <mn>08</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda =k\,\lambda _{0}\mathrm {e} ^{0{,}08\,H}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1393157a09d7647bb4490d0c99b2b93ec7b220b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.496ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda =k\,\lambda _{0}\mathrm {e} ^{0{,}08\,H}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où&#160;: </p> <ul><li><i>k</i> est un coefficient de dimensions&#160;;</li> <li><i>H</i> est l’humidité relative en pourcentage&#160;;</li> <li><i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> est la conductivité thermique du matériau sec&#160;; <i>λ</i> la conductivité thermique du matériau en condition d'humidité H</li> <li>e représente la <a href="/wiki/Fonction_exponentielle" title="Fonction exponentielle">fonction exponentielle</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mesure_pour_les_solides">Mesure pour les solides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Mesure pour les solides" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mesure pour les solides"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="État_stationnaire"><span id=".C3.89tat_stationnaire"></span>État stationnaire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : État stationnaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : État stationnaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La détermination de la conductivité thermique d’un matériau repose sur le lien entre le <a href="/wiki/Gradient" title="Gradient">gradient</a> de température et le <a href="/wiki/Flux_thermique" title="Flux thermique">flux de chaleur</a> qu'il génère dans ce matériau<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Le principe est illustré sur la figure suivante&#160;: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sch%C3%A9ma_mesure_conductivit%C3%A9_thermique.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Légende"><img alt="Légende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Sch%C3%A9ma_mesure_conductivit%C3%A9_thermique.png" decoding="async" width="424" height="393" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Légende</figcaption></figure> <p>L’une des extrémités de l’échantillon de section <i>A</i> est fixée à un doigt froid (bain thermique) dont le rôle est d'évacuer le flux thermique traversant l'échantillon, et l’extrémité opposée à une <a href="/wiki/Chaufferette" title="Chaufferette">chaufferette</a> dissipant dans l’échantillon une <a href="/wiki/Puissance_(physique)" title="Puissance (physique)">puissance</a> thermique <i>Q</i> obtenue par <a href="/wiki/Effet_Joule" title="Effet Joule">effet Joule</a>, de manière à produire un gradient thermique suivant la longueur de l’échantillon. Des <a href="/wiki/Thermocouple" title="Thermocouple">thermocouples</a> séparés par une distance <i>L</i> mesurent la différence de température Δ<i>T</i> le long de l’échantillon. Un troisième thermocouple, calibré, est également fixé à l’échantillon pour déterminer sa température moyenne (la température de mesure). La conductivité thermique est alors donnée par<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {Q\times L}{A\times \Delta T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>&#xd7;<!-- × --></mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>&#xd7;<!-- × --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x394;<!-- Δ --></mi> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {Q\times L}{A\times \Delta T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/961fce005c4b99c97e3baa3d8a3327748d137482" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:13.445ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {Q\times L}{A\times \Delta T}}}" /></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Si Δ<i>T</i> n’est pas trop important (de l'ordre de <span title="33,8 °F ou 274,2 K">1&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>), la conductivité thermique mesurée est celle correspondant à la température moyenne mesurée par le troisième thermocouple. Le principe de la mesure repose alors sur l’hypothèse que la totalité du flux de chaleur passe par l’échantillon. La précision de la mesure dépend donc de la capacité à éliminer les pertes thermiques, que ce soit par <a href="/wiki/Conduction_thermique" title="Conduction thermique">conduction thermique</a> par les fils, <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a> par le gaz résiduel, <a href="/wiki/Transfert_thermique#Rayonnement" title="Transfert thermique">radiation</a> par les surfaces de l’échantillon ou pertes dans la chaufferette&#160;: la mesure s'effectue donc dans des <a href="/wiki/Processus_adiabatique" title="Processus adiabatique">conditions adiabatiques</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Pour assurer la meilleure précision possible, l’échantillon dont on souhaite mesurer la conductivité thermique est donc placé dans une chambre de mesure sous vide (pour minimiser la convection). Cette chambre est elle-même enveloppée dans plusieurs boucliers thermiques dont la température est régulée (afin de minimiser les effets radiatifs). Enfin, les fils des thermocouples sont choisis de manière à conduire le moins possible la chaleur<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Étant donné qu’il est d'autant plus difficile de minimiser les pertes thermiques que la température augmente, cette technique ne permet la mesure de la conductivité thermique qu’à des températures inférieures à la température ambiante (de <span title="−271,15 °C ou −456,07 °F" style="cursor:help">2</span>&#160;à <span title="−73,15 °C ou −99,67 °F" style="cursor:help">200</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr> sans difficulté, et jusqu’à <span title="26,85 °C ou 80,33 °F" style="cursor:help">300</span>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr> (<span title="80,6 °F ou 300,2 K">27&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>) pour les meilleurs appareils de mesure). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Méthode_dite_«_Laser_Flash_»"><span id="M.C3.A9thode_dite_.C2.AB_Laser_Flash_.C2.BB"></span>Méthode dite «&#160;Laser Flash&#160;»</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Méthode dite «&#160;Laser Flash&#160;»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Méthode dite «&#160;Laser Flash&#160;»"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pour les températures supérieures à la température ambiante, il devient de plus en plus difficile d’éliminer ou de tenir compte des pertes thermiques par radiation (<a href="/wiki/Processus_adiabatique" title="Processus adiabatique">conditions adiabatiques</a>), et l’utilisation de la technique à l’état stationnaire présentée ci-dessus n’est pas recommandée. Une solution est de mesurer la <a href="/wiki/Diffusivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Diffusivité thermique">diffusivité thermique</a> en lieu et place de la conductivité thermique. Ces deux grandeurs sont en effet liées par la relation&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda (T)=a(T)d(T)C_{p}(T)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x3bb;<!-- λ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda (T)=a(T)d(T)C_{p}(T)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8db843c13eebd32bf12baa16166cd114b672a771" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.403ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda (T)=a(T)d(T)C_{p}(T)}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>où&#160;: </p> <ul><li><i>λ</i>(<i>T</i>) est la conductivité thermique en <abbr class="abbr" title="watt par centimètre kelvin">W&#160;cm<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>&#160;;</li> <li><i>a</i>(<i>T</i>) est la <a href="/wiki/Diffusivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Diffusivité thermique">diffusivité thermique</a> en <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre carré par seconde">cm<sup>2</sup>&#160;s<sup>−1</sup></abbr>&#160;;</li> <li><i>d</i>(<i>T</i>) est la <a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">masse volumique</a> en <abbr class="abbr" title="gramme par centimètre cube">g&#160;cm<sup>−3</sup></abbr>&#160;;</li> <li><i>C</i><sub><i>p</i></sub>(<i>T</i>) est la <a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_thermique_massique" title="Capacité thermique massique">capacité thermique massique</a> en <abbr class="abbr" title="joule par gramme kelvin">J&#160;g<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>.</li></ul> <p>Si l’on suppose que la masse volumique ne varie pas avec la température, il suffit de mesurer la diffusivité thermique et la chaleur spécifique pour obtenir une mesure de la conductivité thermique à haute température. </p><p>La figure suivante schématise l’appareillage utilisé pour la mesure de conductivité thermique par la méthode dite «&#160;laser flash&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sch%C3%A9ma_m%C3%A9thode_laser_flash.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Légende"><img alt="Légende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Sch%C3%A9ma_m%C3%A9thode_laser_flash.png" decoding="async" width="425" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="171" /></a><figcaption>Légende</figcaption></figure> <p>Un échantillon cylindrique dont l’épaisseur <i>d</i> est nettement plus faible que son diamètre est placé dans un porte-échantillon qui se trouve à l’intérieur d’un four maintenu à température constante. Une de ses faces est illuminée par des pulses (de l’ordre de la milliseconde) émis par un <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>, ce qui assure un chauffage uniforme de la face avant. La température de la face arrière est mesurée, en fonction du temps, à l’aide d’un <a href="/wiki/Capteur" title="Capteur">capteur</a> de mesure <a href="/wiki/Infrarouge" title="Infrarouge">infrarouge</a>. En l’absence de pertes thermiques de l’échantillon, la température devrait augmenter de manière monotone. Dans une situation réelle, l’enregistreur mesurera un pic de température suivi d’un retour à la température du four. Le temps t nécessaire pour que la face arrière atteigne la moitié de la température de pic (par rapport à la température du four), permet de déterminer la diffusivité thermique suivant&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {a}}={\frac {1{,}37\,d^{2}}{t\,\pi ^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">a</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> <mn>37</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msup> <mi>&#x3c0;<!-- π --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {a}}={\frac {1{,}37\,d^{2}}{t\,\pi ^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fb316ae6021c9c1a66aff3f3ef5991779d7de665" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:11.891ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {a}}={\frac {1{,}37\,d^{2}}{t\,\pi ^{2}}}}" /></span></dd> <dd>avec&#160;:</dd> <dd>d&#160;: diamètre de l'échantillon (m)</dd> <dd>t&#160;: temps caractéristique (s)</dd></dl> <p>Il est alors possible de calculer la conductivité thermique grâce à la masse volumique et la chaleur spécifique. </p><p>La difficulté de cette technique réside dans le choix des paramètres de mesure optima (puissance du laser et épaisseur de l'échantillon). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dans_la_construction">Dans la construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Dans la construction" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dans la construction"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Résistance_thermique_d'une_paroi"><span id="R.C3.A9sistance_thermique_d.27une_paroi"></span>Résistance thermique d'une paroi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Résistance thermique d&#39;une paroi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Résistance thermique d&#39;une paroi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Paroi_(construction)" title="Paroi (construction)">paroi (construction)</a>.</div></div> <p>En thermique du bâtiment, la valeur λ de la conductivité thermique entre dans le calcul de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance_thermique" title="Résistance thermique">résistance thermique</a> d'une <a href="/wiki/Paroi_(construction)" title="Paroi (construction)">paroi</a>. </p><p>Pour qualifier les matériaux hétérogènes au travers desquels la chaleur se propage en même temps par conduction, convection et rayonnement, la donnée de la conductivité thermique n'est pas suffisante. Pour les qualifier, on utilise une <a href="/wiki/Flux_thermique" title="Flux thermique">valeur de résistance thermique</a> déduite d'essais en laboratoire. </p><p>Comme la conductivité thermique d'un matériau varie en fonction de la température et de l'humidité de celui-ci, les documentations technico-commerciales des matériaux doivent préciser, avec la valeur de <i>λ</i>, les conditions dans lesquelles cette valeur est obtenue. Cette valeur <i>λ</i> déclarée doit être éventuellement certifiée par un agrément technique. </p><p>D'autre part on opère une distinction entre <i><b>λi</b></i>, la conductivité thermique d'un matériau dans une paroi intérieure ou extérieure lorsque le matériau est protégé contre l'humidité due à la pluie ou à la condensation, et d'autre part <i><b>λe</b></i>, la conductivité thermique du même matériau non protégé contre cette humidité<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Normes_et_règlements"><span id="Normes_et_r.C3.A8glements"></span>Normes et règlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier la section : Normes et règlements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Normes et règlements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En France, ont été promulguées des normes successives pour inciter les bâtisseurs à une isolation thermique maximale des bâtiments, notamment les normes <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9glementation_thermique_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Réglementation thermique française">RT 2000</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RT_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="RT 2005">RT 2005</a></span> et <span class="nowrap">RT 2012</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conductivités_thermiques_de_quelques_matériaux"><span id="Conductivit.C3.A9s_thermiques_de_quelques_mat.C3.A9riaux"></span>Conductivités thermiques de quelques matériaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier la section : Conductivités thermiques de quelques matériaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Conductivités thermiques de quelques matériaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Liste_de_conductivit%C3%A9s_thermiques" title="Liste de conductivités thermiques">Liste de conductivités thermiques</a>.</div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Thermal_conductivity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thermal_conductivity.svg/960px-Thermal_conductivity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thermal_conductivity.svg/1100px-Thermal_conductivity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Valeurs expérimentales de conductivité thermique<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Style_encyclop%C3%A9dique#Clair" title="Wikipédia:Style encyclopédique">[pas&#160;clair]</a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Les conductivités thermiques des substances courantes varient sur au moins quatre <a href="/wiki/Ordre_de_grandeur" title="Ordre de grandeur">ordres de grandeur</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Les gaz ont généralement une faible conductivité thermique, tandis qu'elle est élevée pour les métaux purs. Par exemple, dans des <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditions normales">conditions normales</a>, la conductivité thermique du <a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">cuivre</a> est plus de 10&#160;000 fois supérieure à celle de l'air. </p><p>De tous les matériaux, les <a href="/wiki/Allotrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotrope">allotropes</a> du carbone, tels que le <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, sont généralement considérés comme ayant les conductivités thermiques les plus élevées à <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">température ambiante</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. La conductivité thermique du diamant naturel à température ambiante est plusieurs fois plus élevée que celle d'un métal hautement conducteur comme le cuivre (bien que la valeur précise varie en fonction du type de diamant)<sup id="cite_ref-CRC-99th-ed_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-99th-ed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les conductivités thermiques de certaines substances sélectionnées sont répertoriées ci-dessous&#160;; une liste étendue peut être trouvée dans la <a href="/wiki/Liste_de_conductivit%C3%A9s_thermiques" title="Liste de conductivités thermiques">liste de conductivités thermiques</a>. Ces valeurs sont des estimations illustratives seulement, car elles ne tiennent pas compte des incertitudes de mesure ou de la variabilité des définitions des matériaux. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Substance </th> <th>Conductivité thermique (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) </th> <th>Température (°C) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">Air</a> </td> <td>0.026 </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Styrofoam" title="Styrofoam">Styrofoam</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0.033 </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">Eau</a><sup id="cite_ref-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0.6089 </td> <td>26.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Béton">Béton</a><sup id="cite_ref-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0.92 </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a><sup id="cite_ref-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>384.1 </td> <td>18.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant naturel</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC-99th-ed_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-99th-ed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>895–1350 </td> <td>26.85 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Métaux"><span id="M.C3.A9taux"></span>Métaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier la section : Métaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Métaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les métaux ont des conductivités élevées, entre 20&#160;et 418&#160;watts par mètre-kelvin<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériau </th> <th>Conductivité thermique <br /> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Acier" title="Acier">Acier</a> doux</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00046"> 46</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Acier_inoxydable" title="Acier inoxydable">Acier inoxydable</a> (18&#160;% <a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome">chrome</a>, 8&#160;% <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00016"> 16</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> (pureté de 99,9&#160;%)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00237"> 237</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Al-SiC" title="Al-SiC">Al-SiC</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00175"> 150–200</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00418"> 418</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pérez_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00390"> 390</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pérez_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">Étain</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00066.6"> 66,6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer">Fer</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00080"> 80</span><sup id="cite_ref-Benson_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fonte_(m%C3%A9tallurgie)" title="Fonte (métallurgie)">Fonte</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00050"> 50</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Or</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00317"> 317</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Platine</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00071.6"> 71,6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">Plomb</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00035"> 35</span><sup id="cite_ref-Benson_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Titane</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00020"> 20</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00116.0"> 116</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pierre_naturelle">Pierre naturelle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier la section : Pierre naturelle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pierre naturelle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Pierre_naturelle" title="Pierre naturelle">pierres naturelles</a> employées dans la construction ont des valeurs de conductivité thermique entre 0,15&#160;et 3,5&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériaux </th> <th>Conductivité thermique <br /> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ardoise" title="Ardoise">Ardoise</a> (parallèle)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00002.50">2,50<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ardoise" title="Ardoise">Ardoise</a> (perpendiculaire)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001.4">1,4<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Basalte" title="Basalte">Basalte</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00002"> 2<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Calcaire (2&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001"> 1</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Craie" title="Craie">Craie</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.92"> 0,92<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a> (2,8&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00002.2"> 2,2</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Grès (géologie)">Grès</a> (2,2&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001.3"> 1,3</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marbre" title="Marbre">Marbre</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.30"> 2,08–2,94</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mortier_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Mortier (matériau)">Mortier</a> de <a href="/wiki/Chaux_(mati%C3%A8re)" title="Chaux (matière)">chaux</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.87"> 0,87</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pouzzolane" title="Pouzzolane">Pouzzolane</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.15"> 0,15</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Schiste" title="Schiste">Schiste</a></td> <td>2,2<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terre">Terre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier la section : Terre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Terre"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériaux </th> <th>Conductivité thermique <br /> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Adobe_(brique)" title="Adobe (brique)">Adobe</a> (terre crue)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.32"> 0,32</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brique_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Brique (matériau)">Brique</a> (terre cuite)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.84"> 0,84</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pérez_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Terre" title="Terre">Terre</a> (sèche)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.75"> 0,75</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bois">Bois</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier la section : Bois" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bois"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À densité et humidité égales, le bois résineux est plus conducteur que le bois feuillu. Plus un bois est dense, plus il est humide et plus il est conducteur. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériaux </th> <th>Conductivité thermique <br /> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Aggloméré</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.11"> 0,15</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bois" title="Bois">Bois</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AAne" title="Chêne">chêne</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.16"> 0,16</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bois" title="Bois">Bois</a> de <a href="/wiki/Noyer" title="Noyer">noyer</a> (0,65&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.14"> 0,14</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bois" title="Bois">Bois</a> de <a href="/wiki/Pin_(plante)" title="Pin (plante)">pin</a> (parallèle aux fibres)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.36"> 0,36</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Bois de pin (perpendiculaire aux fibres)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.15"> 0,15</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Contreplaqu%C3%A9" title="Contreplaqué">Contreplaqué</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.11"> 0,11–0,15</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isolants">Isolants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifier la section : Isolants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Isolants"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En termes de bâtiment, selon la norme française <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9glementation_thermique" class="mw-redirect" title="Réglementation thermique">RT 2012</a>, un matériau est considéré comme isolant si sa conductivité thermique est inférieure à 0,065&#160;watt par mètre-kelvin<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>D'autres valeurs de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bilans-thermiques.fr/infos/isolation-thermique/conductivite-thermique-materiaux">conductivité thermique relatives aux matériaux employés dans le domaine du bâtiment</a> sont présentées dans un article publié sur le site Bilans-Thermiques.fr </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériaux </th> <th>Conductivité thermique <br /> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Carton_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Carton (matériau)">Carton</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.11">0,11</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Laine" title="Laine">Laine</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.05"> 0,05</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Laine_de_bois" title="Laine de bois">Laine de bois</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.039"> 0,036–0,042</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Laine_de_roche" title="Laine de roche">Laine de roche</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.036"> 0,033–0,044</span><sup id="cite_ref-recherche_acermi_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recherche_acermi-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Laine_de_verre" title="Laine de verre">Laine de verre</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.035">0,030–0,046</span><sup id="cite_ref-recherche_acermi_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recherche_acermi-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_(mat%C3%A9riau)" title="Liège (matériau)">Liège</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.04"> 0,038–0,042</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pérez_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Polyur%C3%A9thane#Mousses_de_polyuréthane" title="Polyuréthane">Mousse de polyuréthane</a> rigide (PUR)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.025"> 0,025</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mousse_r%C3%A9solique" title="Mousse résolique">Mousse phénolique</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.022"> 0,018–0,025</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ouate_de_cellulose" title="Ouate de cellulose">Ouate de cellulose</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.040"> 0,038–0,042</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Paille" title="Paille">Paille</a> (perpendiculaire aux fibres)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.052"> 0,052</span><sup id="cite_ref-&#82;FCP_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFCP-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Perlite_(roche)" title="Perlite (roche)">Perlite</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.038"> 0,038</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Polystyr%C3%A8ne_expans%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Polystyrène expansé">Polystyrène expansé</a> (EPS)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.036"> 0,036</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Polyisocyanurate" title="Polyisocyanurate">Polyisocyanurate</a> (PIR)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.023"> 0,023</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Roseau" title="Roseau">Roseau</a> (en panneau)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.056"> 0,056</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dérivés_du_carbone"><span id="D.C3.A9riv.C3.A9s_du_carbone"></span>Dérivés du carbone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifier la section : Dérivés du carbone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dérivés du carbone"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> a une conductivité thermique très élevée, celle du diamant bleu naturel l’est plus encore. On peut donc examiner des gemmes pour déterminer si elles sont de véritables diamants en utilisant un appareil de contrôle de la conductivité thermique, un des instruments standard utilisés en <a href="/wiki/Gemmologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemmologie">gemmologie</a><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le mars 2020) ; voir l&#39;aide.">&#91;réf.&#160;nécessaire&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En conséquence, les diamants de n'importe quelle taille paraissent toujours très froids au toucher en raison de leur <a href="/wiki/Effusivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Effusivité thermique">effusivité thermique</a> élevée. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériaux </th> <th>Conductivité thermique <br /> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">Carbone</a> vitreux (1,5&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Charbon_de_bois" title="Charbon de bois">Charbon de bois</a> (0,2&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.055"> 0,055</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="02600"> 1 000–2 600</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Graph%C3%A8ne" title="Graphène">Graphène</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="05300"> 4 000–5 300</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">Graphite</a> sens <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \parallel }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>&#x2225;<!-- ∥ --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \parallel }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/66ed42f2e3eab99383c61f27773eba258aefeaac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \parallel }" /></span> plans graphène</td> <td><span data-sort-value="01950">1 950</span><sup id="cite_ref-IUT_en_ligne_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUT_en_ligne-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">Graphite</a> sens <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \perp }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>&#x22a5;<!-- ⊥ --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \perp }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/afb90d6db42aa12f9e2f31176a4ed4e741c69eca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \perp }" /></span> plans graphène</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00005.7">5,7</span><sup id="cite_ref-IUT_en_ligne_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUT_en_ligne-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">Graphite</a> polycristallin</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00080">80</span><sup id="cite_ref-Netsch_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netsch-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Houille" title="Houille">Houille</a> (1,35&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.26"> 0,26</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matériaux_divers"><span id="Mat.C3.A9riaux_divers"></span>Matériaux divers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifier la section : Matériaux divers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Matériaux divers"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Matériaux </th> <th>Conductivité thermique <br /> (<abbr class="abbr" title="watt par mètre kelvin">W&#160;m<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr>) <br /> à <span title="68 °F ou 293,2 K">20&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">Air</a> (100 kPa)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.0262"> 0,0262</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Amiante" title="Amiante">Amiante</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.168"> 0,16778</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Asphalte" title="Asphalte">Asphalte</a> (2,1&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.06"> 0,06</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bak%C3%A9lite" title="Bakélite">Bakélite</a> (1,3&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001.4"> 1,4</span><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Béton">Béton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parpaing" title="Parpaing">parpaing</a>)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.92"> 0,92</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pérez_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cuir" title="Cuir">Cuir</a> </td> <td><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence." style="cursor:help;">0,088</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">&#91;réf.&#160;nécessaire&#93;</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Dihydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Dihydrogène">Dihydrogène</a> (gaz)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.18"> 0,18</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène">Dioxygène</a> (gaz)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.027"> 0,027</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">Eau</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.6"> 0,6</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pérez_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/EPDM" title="EPDM">EPDM</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.38"> 0,36–0,40</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89poxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Époxy">Époxy</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.25"> 0,25</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">Hélium</a> (gaz)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.14"> 0,14</span><sup id="cite_ref-Benson_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nitrure_de_silicium" title="Nitrure de silicium">Nitrure de silicium</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00042.5"> 20–65</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Polychlorure_de_vinyle" title="Polychlorure de vinyle">PVC (polymère)</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00000.17"> 0,17</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral)">Quartz</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00009.4"> 6,8–12</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Silicium</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00149.0"> 149</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Verre" title="Verre">Verre</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001.2"> 1,2</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pérez_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conductivités_thermiques_des_éléments"><span id="Conductivit.C3.A9s_thermiques_des_.C3.A9l.C3.A9ments"></span>Conductivités thermiques des éléments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifier la section : Conductivités thermiques des éléments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Conductivités thermiques des éléments"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conductivité thermique des éléments en <abbr class="abbr" title="watt par centimètre kelvin">W&#160;cm<sup>−1</sup>&#160;K<sup>−1</sup></abbr> à <span title="80,6 °F ou 300,2 K">27&#160;</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Certaines valeurs manquantes sont disponibles sur l'article «&#160;Conductivité thermique des solides&#160;» sur le site techniques-ingenieur.fr<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <table align="center" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:3px"> <tbody><tr> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"><b>H</b></a> </td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"><b>He</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff68"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><b>Li</b></a><br /><small>0,847</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#64ff00"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium"><b>Be</b></a><br /><small>2</small> </td> <td colspan="11">&#160; </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore"><b>B</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone"><b>C</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote"><b>N</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène"><b>O</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><b>F</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><b>Ne</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff04"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"><b>Na</b></a><br /><small>1,41</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#16ff00"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium"><b>Mg</b></a><br /><small>1,56</small> </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#A6ff00"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><b>Al</b></a><br /><small>2,37</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#08ff00"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><b>Si</b></a><br /><small>1,48</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore"><b>P</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre"><b>S</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore"><b>Cl</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><b>Ar</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff48"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"><b>K</b></a><br /><small>1,024</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#64ff00"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><b>Ca</b></a><br /><small>2</small> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE2"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><b>Sc</b></a><br /><small>0,158</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffD8"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane"><b>Ti</b></a><br /><small>0,219</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffC8"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><b>V</b></a><br /><small>0,307</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff58"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome"><b>Cr</b></a><br /><small>0,937</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffF1"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse"><b>Mn</b></a><br /><small>0,0782</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff70"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer"><b>Fe</b></a><br /><small>0,802</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff4D"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><b>Co</b></a><br /><small>1</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff5D"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><b>Ni</b></a><br /><small>0,907</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#ff3000"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre"><b>Cu</b></a><br /><small>4,01</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff30"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"><b>Zn</b></a><br /><small>1,16</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffB6"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><b>Ga</b></a><br /><small>0,406</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff94"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><b>Ge</b></a><br /><small>0,599</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffA6"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><b>As</b></a><br /><small>0,5</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium"><b>Se</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome"><b>Br</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><b>Kr</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff97"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><b>Rb</b></a><br /><small>0,582</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffC0"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><b>Sr</b></a><br /><small>0,353</small> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><b>Y</b></a><br /><small>0,172</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffD6"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><b>Zr</b></a><br /><small>0,227</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff9F"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><b>Nb</b></a><br /><small>0,537</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff09"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène"><b>Mo</b></a><br /><small>1,38</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffA4"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium"><b>Tc</b></a><br /><small>0,506</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff2E"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium"><b>Ru</b></a><br /><small>1,17</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#0Bff00"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><b>Rh</b></a><br /><small>1,5</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff7F"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><b>Pd</b></a><br /><small>0,718</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#ff0000"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent"><b>Ag</b></a><br /><small>4,29</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff52"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><b>Cd</b></a><br /><small>0,968</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff6D"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><b>In</b></a><br /><small>0,816</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff88"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain"><b>Sn</b></a><br /><small>0,666</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffD3"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine"><b>Sb</b></a><br /><small>0,243</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure"><b>Te</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffAE"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode"><b>I</b></a><br /><small>0,45</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon"><b>Xe</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffBF"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium"><b>Cs</b></a><br /><small>0,359</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffDE"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum"><b>Ba</b></a><br /><small>0,184</small> </td> <td>*<br /> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE1"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium"><b>Lu</b></a><br /><small>0,164</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffD6"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><b>Hf</b></a><br /><small>0,23</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff98"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)"><b>Ta</b></a><br /><small>0,575</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#36ff00"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène"><b>W</b></a><br /><small>1,74</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffA9"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium"><b>Re</b></a><br /><small>0,479</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff63"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><b>Os</b></a><br /><small>0,876</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#06ff00"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><b>Ir</b></a><br /><small>1,47</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff7F"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine"><b>Pt</b></a><br /><small>0,716</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#ffC000"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or"><b>Au</b></a><br /><small>3,17</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffF0"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)"><b>Hg</b></a><br /><small>0,0834</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffAC"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><b>Tl</b></a><br /><small>0,461</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffC0"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb"><b>Pb</b></a><br /><small>0,353</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffF0"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><b>Bi</b></a><br /><small>0,0787</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffDB"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><b>Po</b></a><br /><small>0,2</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate"><b>At</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><b>Rn</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><b>Fr</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><b>Ra</b></a> </td> <td>**<br /> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><b>Lr</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><b>Rf</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><b>Db</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><b>Sg</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><b>Bh</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><b>Hs</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium"><b>Mt</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><b>Ds</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><b>Rg</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><b>Cn</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><b>Nh</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium"><b>Fl</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><b>Mc</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><b>Lv</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse"><b>Ts</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><b>Og</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">&#160; </td> <td>&#8595; </td> <td colspan="16">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">&#160; </td> <td>*<br /> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE7"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane"><b>La</b></a><br /><small>0,134</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffEA"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium"><b>Ce</b></a><br /><small>0,113</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE8"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme"><b>Pr</b></a><br /><small>0,125</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE1"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme"><b>Nd</b></a><br /><small>0,165</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE4"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium"><b>Pm</b></a><br /><small>0,15</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE7"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><b>Sm</b></a><br /><small>0,133</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE6"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><b>Eu</b></a><br /><small>0,139</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffEC"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><b>Gd</b></a><br /><small>0,105</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffEB"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><b>Tb</b></a><br /><small>0,111</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffEB"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><b>Dy</b></a><br /><small>0,107</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE2"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><b>Ho</b></a><br /><small>0,162</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE5"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><b>Er</b></a><br /><small>0,145</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffE0"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><b>Tm</b></a><br /><small>0,169</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffBA"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><b>Yb</b></a><br /><small>0,385</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">&#160; </td> <td>**<br /> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><b>Ac</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ff9E"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><b>Th</b></a><br /><small>0,54</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><b>Pa</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffCD"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><b>U</b></a><br /><small>0,276</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffF3"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><b>Np</b></a><br /><small>0,063</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#00ffF3"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><b>Pu</b></a><br /><small>0,0674</small> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium"><b>Am</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><b>Cm</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium"><b>Bk</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><b>Cf</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><b>Es</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><b>Fm</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium"><b>Md</b></a> </td> <td width="40" height="40" style="line-height:1.2;" bgcolor="#bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium"><b>No</b></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="(J.P.),_Kastler_(A.)_et_Fleury_(P.)1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mathieu_(J.P.),_Kastler_(A.)_et_Fleury_(P.)1985">Mathieu (J.P.), Kastler (A.) et Fleury (P.), <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire de la physique</cite>, Masson Eyrolles, <time>1985</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+physique&amp;rft.pub=Masson+Eyrolles&amp;rft.au=Mathieu+%28J.P.%29%2C+Kastler+%28A.%29+et+Fleury+%28P.%29&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laurent_et_Pierre-Louis_Vuillermoz"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_Laurent_et_Pierre-Louis_Vuillermoz">Michel Laurent et Pierre-Louis Vuillermoz, <cite class="italique">Conductivité thermique des solides</cite>, Techniques de l'Ingénieur, 29&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techniques-ingenieur.fr/base-documentaire/sciences-fondamentales-th8/equations-d-etats-et-constantes-thermiques-42340210/conductivite-thermique-des-solides-k420/">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;3<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Conductivit%C3%A9+thermique+des+solides&amp;rft.pub=Techniques+de+l%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&amp;rft.au=Michel+Laurent+et+Pierre-Louis+Vuillermoz&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.tpages=29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="JarfeltRamnäs2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="U._JarfeltO._Ramnäs2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> U. Jarfelt et O. Ramnäs, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam - best performance</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">10th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling</span></i> <span class="lang-en" lang="en">«&#160;Sektion 6 a: Heat distribution – pipe properties&#160;»</span>,&#8206; 3-5 septembre 2006 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lsta.lt/files/events/28_jarfelt.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe">&#91;PDF&#93;</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-03-28" data-sort-value="2022-03-28">28 mars 2022</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Thermal+conductivity+of+polyurethane+foam+-+best+performance&amp;rft.jtitle=10th+International+Symposium+on+District+Heating+and+Cooling&amp;rft.aulast=Jarfelt&amp;rft.aufirst=U.&amp;rft.au=O.+Ramn%C3%A4s&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lsta.lt%2Ffiles%2Fevents%2F28_jarfelt.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hirschfelder-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hirschfelder_4-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Hirschfelder_4-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_Oakland_HirschfelderCharles_Francis_CurtissRobert_Byron_Bird1966"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oakland_Hirschfelder" title="Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder">Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder</a></span>, <span class="nom_auteur"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Curtiss" title="Charles Francis Curtiss">Charles Francis Curtiss</a></span> et <span class="nom_auteur"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a></span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids</cite>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley and Sons">John Wiley and Sons</a>, <time>1966</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-471-40065-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-471-40065-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-471-40065-3</span></a>)</small><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, «&#160;Chap. 8: Transport Phenomena in Dilute Gases&#160;»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Molecular+Theory+of+Gases+and+Liquids&amp;rft.atitle=Chap.+8%3A+Transport+Phenomena+in+Dilute+Gases&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&amp;rft.aulast=Joseph+Oakland+Hirschfelder&amp;rft.au=Charles+Francis+Curtiss&amp;rft.au=Robert+Byron+Bird&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-471-40065-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yaws2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Carl_L._Yaws2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Carl L. Yaws, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Transport Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons</cite>, Amsterdam/Boston, Gulf Professional Publishing, <time>2014</time>, 715&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-323-28658-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-323-28658-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-323-28658-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Transport+Properties+of+Chemicals+and+Hydrocarbons&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam%2FBoston&amp;rft.pub=Gulf+Professional+Publishing&amp;rft.aulast=Yaws&amp;rft.aufirst=Carl+L.&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=715&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-323-28658-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kremer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kremer_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Medeiros_Kremer2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gilberto_Medeiros_Kremer2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Gilberto <span class="nom_auteur">Medeiros Kremer</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Methods of Chapman-Enskog and Grad and Applications</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">RTO-EN-AVT 194</span></i>,&#8206; 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.222.1232&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf">[1]</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Methods+of+Chapman-Enskog+and+Grad+and+Applications&amp;rft.jtitle=RTO-EN-AVT+194&amp;rft.aulast=Medeiros+Kremer&amp;rft.aufirst=Gilberto&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duffa-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Duffa_7-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Duffa_7-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Duffa2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georges_Duffa2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Georges Duffa, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Ablative Thermal Protection System Modeling</cite>, <a href="/wiki/AIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="AIAA">AIAA</a>, <time>2013</time>, 431&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-62410-171-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-62410-171-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-62410-171-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ablative+Thermal+Protection+System+Modeling&amp;rft.pub=AIAA&amp;rft.aulast=Duffa&amp;rft.aufirst=Georges&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.tpages=431&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-62410-171-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Touloukian1970Touloukian1970-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Touloukian1970Touloukian1970_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Touloukian1970">Touloukian 1970</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Saint-Martin2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Romuald_Saint-Martin2012">Romuald Saint-Martin, <cite class="italique">Croissance cristalline, structure et propriétés de transport thermique des cuprates unidimensionnels Sr2CuO3, SrCuO2 et La5Ca9Cu24O41</cite> (thèse de doctorat en chimie), université Paris-Sud, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-09-28" data-sort-value="2012-09-28">28 septembre 2012</time>, 201&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theses.fr/2012PA112203">résumé</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;135<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Croissance+cristalline%2C+structure+et+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+de+transport+thermique+des+cuprates+unidimensionnels+Sr2CuO3%2C+SrCuO2+et+La5Ca9Cu24O41&amp;rft.pub=universit%C3%A9+Paris-Sud&amp;rft.aulast=Saint-Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Romuald&amp;rft.date=2012-09-28&amp;rft.pages=135&amp;rft.tpages=201&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PSL-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PSL_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PSL_10-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-PSL_10-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://miao.ensad.fr/2018/08/21/les-proprietes-thermiques-2/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les propriétés thermiques</cite></a>&#160;», <span class="italique">De l'atome à l'objet</span>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres" title="Université Paris Sciences et Lettres">université Paris Sciences et Lettres</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-11-22" data-sort-value="2020-11-22">22 novembre 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2019">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thermal-engineering.org/fr/quest-ce-que-la-loi-wiedemann-franz-nombre-de-lorenz-definition/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Qu’est-ce que la loi Wiedemann – Franz – Nombre de Lorenz – Définition</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">thermal-engineering.org</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-10-14" data-sort-value="2019-10-14">14 octobre 2019</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-11-22" data-sort-value="2020-11-22">22 novembre 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaye&amp;Laby-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kaye&amp;Laby_12-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Kaye&amp;Laby_12-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">G. W. C. Kaye et T. H. Laby, <i>Table of Physical and Chemical Constants</i>, Éditions Longmans Green, Londres, 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delot2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Delot2015">Pierre Delot, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballederiz.fr/wa_files/b2r_conductivite_thermique_20150326.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Conductivité thermique</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">ballederiz.fr/</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-03-26" data-sort-value="2015-03-26">26 mars 2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-11-23" data-sort-value="2020-11-23">23 novembre 2020</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bounoua2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dalila_Bounoua2017">Dalila Bounoua, <cite class="italique">Synthèse et études de cuprates de basse dimensionnalité à propriétés thermiques fortement anisotropes</cite>, Université Paris-Saclay, <time>2017</time>, 360&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01865818/document">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;172,173<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Synth%C3%A8se+et+%C3%A9tudes+de+cuprates+de+basse+dimensionnalit%C3%A9%0A%C3%A0+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+thermiques+fortement+anisotropes&amp;rft.place=Universit%C3%A9+Paris-Saclay&amp;rft.aulast=Bounoua&amp;rft.aufirst=Dalila&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.pages=172%2C173&amp;rft.tpages=360&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Degiovanni1977"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._Degiovanni1977">A. <span class="nom_auteur">Degiovanni</span>, <cite class="italique">Diffusivité thermique et méthode flash</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;185, Revue générale de thermique, <time>1977</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">420-422</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diffusivit%C3%A9+thermique+et+m%C3%A9thode+flash&amp;rft.pub=Revue+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+thermique&amp;rft.aulast=Degiovanni&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.volume=185&amp;rft.pages=420-422&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://energieplus-lesite.be/donnees/enveloppe44/enveloppe2/conductivite-thermique-des-materiaux/#Les_metaux"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Conductivité thermique des matériaux (λ)</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">energieplus-lesite.be</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-11-29" data-sort-value="2020-11-29">29 novembre 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="HeapKushnirVasseurWadsworth2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_J._HeapAlexandra_R.L._KushnirJérémie_VasseurFabian_B._Wadsworth2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michael J. <span class="nom_auteur">Heap</span>, Alexandra R.L. <span class="nom_auteur">Kushnir</span>, Jérémie <span class="nom_auteur">Vasseur</span>, Fabian B. <span class="nom_auteur">Wadsworth</span>, Pauline <span class="nom_auteur">Harlé</span>, Patrick <span class="nom_auteur">Baud</span>, Ben M. <span class="nom_auteur">Kennedy</span>, Valentin R. <span class="nom_auteur">Troll</span> et Frances M. <span class="nom_auteur">Deegan</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The thermal properties of porous andesite</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;398,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-01" data-sort-value="2020-06-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juin 2020</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;106901 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0377-0273">0377-0273</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106901">10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106901</a></span> <span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès libre au document"><img alt="Accès libre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JVGR..39806901H">2020JVGR..39806901H</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219060797">219060797</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+thermal+properties+of+porous+andesite&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Volcanology+and+Geothermal+Research&amp;rft.aulast=Heap&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&amp;rft.au=Kushnir%2C+Alexandra+R.L.&amp;rft.au=Vasseur%2C+J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie&amp;rft.au=Wadsworth%2C+Fabian+B.&amp;rft.au=Harl%C3%A9%2C+Pauline&amp;rft.au=Baud%2C+Patrick&amp;rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Ben+M.&amp;rft.au=Troll%2C+Valentin+R.&amp;rft.au=Deegan%2C+Frances+M.&amp;rft.date=2020-06-01&amp;rft.volume=398&amp;rft.pages=106901&amp;rft.issn=0377-0273&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jvolgeores.2020.106901&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="College2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Boston_College2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Boston <span class="nom_auteur">College</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2013-07-competitor-diamond-thermal-conductor.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">An unlikely competitor for diamond as the best thermal conductor</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/Phys.org" title="Phys.org">Phys.org</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-07-08" data-sort-value="2013-07-08">8 juillet 2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-07-11" data-sort-value="2023-07-11">11 juillet 2023</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-99th-ed-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC-99th-ed_19-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-CRC-99th-ed_19-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rumble2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_R._Rumble2018"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John R. Rumble (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></cite>, <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton" title="Boca Raton">Boca Raton</a>, CRC Press/Taylor &amp; Francis, <time>2018</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-dix-neuvième">99<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, «&#160;Thermal Conductivity in W cm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> of Metals and Semiconductors as a Function of Temperature&#160;»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press%2FTaylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.edition=99&amp;rft.aulast=Rumble&amp;rft.aufirst=John+R.&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Conductivité thermique des matériaux et gaz courants</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">engineeringtoolbox.com</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271_21-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-BirdStewartLightfoot2006270-271_21-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bird_Stewart_Lightfoot_2006">Bird, Stewart et Lightfoot 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;270-271. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="noarchive">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329004749/https://www.tibtech.com/conductivite.php?lang=fr_FR">Conductivité et propriétés des métaux</a>&#160;»</span>, sur <i>tibtech.com</i> <small>(version du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-03-29" data-sort-value="2022-03-29">29 mars 2022</time> sur <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</small>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pérez-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pérez_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pérez_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pérez_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pérez_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pérez_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pérez_23-5">f</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Pérez_23-6">g</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ph._PérezRomulus"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._Ph._PérezA._M._Romulus">J. Ph. Pérez et A. M. Romulus, <cite class="italique">Thermodynamique, fondements et applications</cite>, Masson, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;155<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thermodynamique%2C+fondements+et+applications&amp;rft.pub=Masson&amp;rft.au=J.+Ph.+P%C3%A9rez&amp;rft.au=A.+M.+Romulus&amp;rft.pages=155&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benson-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benson_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benson_24-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Benson_24-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Benson2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harris_Benson2004">Harris Benson, <cite class="italique">Physique</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr>&#160;1&#160;: <span class="italique">Mécanique</span>, Saint-Laurent, Québec, Éditions du Renouveau Pédagogique, <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;519<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Physique&amp;rft.place=Saint-Laurent%2C+Qu%C3%A9bec&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Renouveau+P%C3%A9dagogique&amp;rft.edition=3&amp;rft.aulast=Benson&amp;rft.aufirst=Harris&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.pages=519&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Handbook-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-13">n</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_25-14">o</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/">Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="et_Gueret2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pompeo_et_Gueret2000">Pompeo et Gueret, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fee.ales.free.fr/telechargement/rt2000/regthermiqueRT2000/Th-U-2.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">CONDUCTIVITE THERMIQUE DES MATERIAUX</cite></a>&#160;» <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe">&#91;PDF&#93;</abbr>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2000-12" data-sort-value="2000-12">décembre 2000</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-07-27" data-sort-value="2022-07-27">27 juillet 2022</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MollePatry2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dimitri_MollePierre-Manuel_Patry2011">Dimitri Molle et Pierre-Manuel Patry, <cite class="italique">RT 2012 et RT existant&#160;: Réglementation thermique et efficacité énergétique</cite>, Éditions Eyrolles, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-09-15" data-sort-value="2011-09-15">15 septembre 2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=moY2heuQNbgC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=RT+2012+et+RT+existant+%3A+R%C3%A9glementation+thermique+et+efficacit%C3%A9+%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Eyrolles&amp;rft.aulast=Molle&amp;rft.aufirst=Dimitri&amp;rft.au=Pierre-Manuel+Patry&amp;rft.date=2011-09-15&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recherche_acermi-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-recherche_acermi_28-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-recherche_acermi_28-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acermi.com/isolants-certifies/rechercher/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Recherche multicritères</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">ACERMI</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-09-07" data-sort-value="2017-09-07">7 septembre 2017</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-&#82;FCP-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RFCP_29-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Français_de_la_Construction_Paille"><span class="ouvrage" id="Réseau_Français_de_la_Construction_Paille">Réseau Français de la Construction Paille, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfcp.fr/caracteristiques-techniques/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Caractéristiques techniques</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">rfcp.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-03-16" data-sort-value="2023-03-16">16 mars 2023</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mersen.com/uploads/tx_mersen/5-carbone-vitreux-mersen.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Carbone vitreux pour l'industrie et le laboratoire</cite></a>&#160;» <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe">&#91;PDF&#93;</abbr>, sur <span class="italique">Mersen</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-02-03" data-sort-value="2021-02-03">3 février 2021</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUT_en_ligne-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IUT_en_ligne_31-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-IUT_en_ligne_31-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.iutenligne.net/chimie/valls/chimie-du-solide/propri_ceramiques_3.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Propriétés et structure des céramiques</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">IUT en ligne</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Netsch-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Netsch_32-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netzsch-thermal-analysis.com/fr/materiaux-applications/inorganiques/graphite-polycristallin-conductivite-thermique/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Graphite polycristallin — Conductivité Thermique</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Netsch</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lide2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_R._Lide2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David R. Lide, <cite class="italique" lang="en">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, CRC Press, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-dixième">90<sup>e</sup></abbr>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 2804&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, Relié <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4200-9084-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4200-9084-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4200-9084-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.edition=90&amp;rft.aulast=Lide&amp;rft.aufirst=David+R.&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.tpages=2804&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4200-9084-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Document utilisé pour la rédaction de l’article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158" /></span></span></span>&#160;: document utilisé comme source pour la rédaction de cet article. </p> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Touloukian1970"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Yeram_Sarkis_Touloukian" title="Yeram Sarkis Touloukian">Yeram Sarkis Touloukian</a>, P. E. Liley et S. C. Saxena, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Thermal Conductivity. Nonmetallic Liquids and Gases</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;3, IFI/<a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Plenum Press</a>, <time>1970</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-306-67023-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-306-67023-2"><span class="nowrap">0-306-67023-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thermal+Conductivity.+Nonmetallic+Liquids+and+Gases&amp;rft.pub=Plenum+Press&amp;rft.au=Yeram+Sarkis+Touloukian&amp;rft.au=P.+E.+Liley&amp;rft.au=S.+C.+Saxena&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.isbn=0-306-67023-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConductivit%C3%A9+thermique"></span></span>.<span class="nowrap" title="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l&#39;article">&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l&#39;article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158" /></span></span></span> <div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;">Compilation contenant de nombreuses données fiables.</div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conduction_thermique" title="Conduction thermique">Conduction thermique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Capacité thermique">Capacité thermique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_de_transfert_thermique" title="Coefficient de transfert thermique">Coefficient de transfert thermique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance_thermique" title="Résistance thermique">Résistance thermique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energieplus-lesite.be/index.php?id=10254">Conductivité thermique d'un matériau (λ)</a> sur le site <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energieplus-lesite.be">energieplus-lesite.be</a> de Architecture et Climat de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain_(depuis_1968)" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain (depuis 1968)">Université catholique de Louvain</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energieplus-lesite.be/index.php?id=15348#c19662">Conductivité thermique des matériaux (λ)</a> sur le site <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energieplus-lesite.be">energieplus-lesite.be</a> de Architecture et Climat de l'Université catholique de Louvain.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ponts-thermiques.be/fr/attestations/">Attestations de valeurs lambda</a> sur un site de Plate-forme Maison Passive asbl.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; 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