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Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie – euractiv.sk
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трудни времена подкрепете независимата журналистика с дарение",t.appendChild(i),t.appendChild(n),e.insertAdjacentElement("afterend",t)}});</script> <section class="ea-post-title"> <h1>Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie</h1><p class="ea-opinion-disclaimer" id="dis-p"><b>POZNÁMKA:</b> Všetky názory v tomto stĺpčeku sú názormi autora(ov), nie názormi Euractiv.sk</p></section> <section class="row"> <article class="ea-article col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8"> <div class="ea-article-header"> <div class="ea-article-meta clearfix"> <div id=byline class="ea-byline"> <p class="">Autor: <a href='https://euractiv.sk/authors/cecilia-bonefeld-dahl/' id='74817' class='author'>Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl</a> | <a href='https://euractiv.sk/content_providers/euractiv-sk/' id='72931' class='author'>EURACTIV.sk</a> | Preklad: <a href='https://euractiv.sk/translators/martin-hochel/' id='74373' class='author'>Martin Hochel</a> </p> </div> <div class="author_data" id="authorx"></div><p><span class="ea-dateformat" data-timestamp="1620804231"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> 12 mája 2021|09:23 </span></p> </div> <div class="ea-article-header-content"> <div class="ea-article-featured-image"> <span class="ea-image-aspect-16x9"><img width="800" height="450" src="https://euractiv.sk/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/sud-800x450.jpg" class="attachment-16x9 size-16x9 wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://sk.euractiv.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/sud-800x450.jpg 800w, https://sk.euractiv.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/sud-300x169.jpg 300w, https://sk.euractiv.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/sud-768x432.jpg 768w, https://sk.euractiv.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/sud-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://sk.euractiv.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/sud-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://sk.euractiv.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/sud-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></span> </div><div class="ea-image-meta clearfix"><p>Európsky súdny dvor. [EPA-EFE/Julien Warnand]</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ea-article-body"> <div class="ea-article-meta clearfix"> <p class="ea-language-switcher">Jazyky: <a href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/opinion/why-the-impasse-on-data-flows-threatens-europes-digital-recovery/">English</a><p class="ea-social vsac-social"><a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_self" class="vsac-social-print btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fa fa-print"></i><span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">Tlač</span></a> <a href="mailto:?subject=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20euractiv.sk&body=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20euractiv.sk%20%E2%80%93%20https%3A%2F%2Feuractiv.sk%2Fsection%2Fdigitalizacia%2Fopinion%2Fobmedzenie-prenosu-dat-ohrozi-digitalnu-transformaciu-unie%2F" target="_blank" class="vsac-social-email btn btn-sm btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="sr-only">Email</span></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Feuractiv.sk%2Fsection%2Fdigitalizacia%2Fopinion%2Fobmedzenie-prenosu-dat-ohrozi-digitalnu-transformaciu-unie%2F%2F&t=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20@EURACTIV" target="_blank" class="vsac-social-facebook btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feuractiv.sk%2Fsection%2Fdigitalizacia%2Fopinion%2Fobmedzenie-prenosu-dat-ohrozi-digitalnu-transformaciu-unie%2F&text=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20@EURACTIV" target="_blank" class="vsac-social-twitter vsac-social-x-twitter btn btn-sm btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i><span class="sr-only">X</span></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Feuractiv.sk%2Fsection%2Fdigitalizacia%2Fopinion%2Fobmedzenie-prenosu-dat-ohrozi-digitalnu-transformaciu-unie%2F&title=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20@EURACTIV" target="_blank" class="vsac-social-linkedin btn btn-sm btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fab fa-linkedin"></i><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="whatsapp://send?text=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20euractiv.sk%20-https%3A%2F%2Feuractiv.sk%2Fsection%2Fdigitalizacia%2Fopinion%2Fobmedzenie-prenosu-dat-ohrozi-digitalnu-transformaciu-unie%2F" target="_blank" class="vsac-social-whatsapp hidden-lg hidden-md btn btn-sm btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fab fa-whatsapp"></i><span class="sr-only">WhatsApp</span></a> <a href="https://t.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Feuractiv.sk%2Fsection%2Fdigitalizacia%2Fopinion%2Fobmedzenie-prenosu-dat-ohrozi-digitalnu-transformaciu-unie%2F&text=Obmedzenie%20prenosu%20d%C3%A1t%20ohroz%C3%AD%20digit%C3%A1lnu%20transform%C3%A1ciu%20%C3%9Anie%20%E2%80%93%20euractiv.sk" target="_blank" class="vsac-social-telegram hidden-lg hidden-md btn btn-sm btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fab fa-telegram"></i><span class="sr-only">Telegram</span></a> </p> </div> <div class="ea-article-body-content" > <p>Je znepokojujúce, že Európsky súdny dvor spochybnil okrem dohody so Spojenými štátmi o prenose dát aj ostatné nástroje, prostredníctvom ktorých spoločnosti prenášajú údaje mimo EÚ. Ak sa najnovšia interpretácia jeho verdiktu stane účinnou, rozdrví to svetový obchod s dátami, varuje Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl z asociácie digitálnych firiem, DigitalEurope.</p> <p><em>Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl je generálnou riaditeľkou organizácie DigitalEurope so sídlom v Bruseli, ktorá reprezentuje vyše desať tisíc organizácii. </em></p> <p>Väčšina ľudí si pod pojmom svetový obchod predstaví obrovské kontajnerové lode plné áut, oblečenia a ostatných vecí, podobné plavidlu, ktoré nedávno uviazlo v Suezskom prieplave. V skutočnosti ale moderná globálna ekonomika funguje čím ďalej, tým viac na množstve neviditeľných dát, ktoré sa bezprestania presúvajú z jednej krajiny do druhej.</p> <p>Podľa údajov Európskej únie bude do roku 2024 sa bude až 85 percent svetového rastu produkovať v lokalitách, ktoré sú mimo Európy. No momentálne je v Európskej únii možnosť prenášať dáta, ktoré sú pre moderný svetový obchod nevyhnutné, ohrozené. Na jednej strane ju ohrozujú protekcionistické politiky za hranicami Únie. Na druhej strane ju ale rovnako ohrozuje najnovší, prísny verdikt Súdneho dvora Európskej únie. Ak situáciu čoskoro nenapravíme, môže to mať vážne následky pre obnovu našich ekonomík.</p> <div class='row ea-own-embed'> <div class='own-embed-img hidden-xs col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-lg-3'><img decoding="async" width="800" height="600" src="https://euractiv.sk/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/data-transfer-800x600.jpg" class="attachment-4x3 size-4x3 wp-post-image ea-media-unrolled ea-media-formatted img-responsive" alt=""></div> <div class='own-embed-excerpt col-xs-12 col-sm-7 col-md-8 col-lg-9'> <h4><a href='https://euractiv.sk/section/digitalizacia/news/od-rokovacieho-stola-medzi-bruselom-a-washingtonom-zakladne-principy-pri-prenose-dat-mame-rovnake/'>Od rokovacieho stola medzi Bruselom a Washingtonom: Základné princípy pri prenose dát máme rovnaké</a></h4> <p>Európska komisia, ktorá v súčasnosti zastupuje členské štáty EÚ na vyjednávaniach s Washingtonom, vníma, že americký prístup k ochrane osobných údajov sa zásadne zmenil. Únia verí, že sa jej podarí dohodnúť s Američanmi obdobné pravidlá, aké už má s Japonskom.</p> </p></div> </p></div> <p>Dáta sú veľmi dôležité pre všetky druhy podnikov v Európe. Naša <a href="https://www.digitaleurope.org/resources/schrems-ii-impact-survey-report/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">štúdia</a>, ktorú sme nedávno publikovali, dokazuje, že deväť z desiatich podnikov v Európe prenáša dáta za hranice regiónu. V prípade malých a stredných podnikov tak robí sedem z desiatich spoločností. Nejedná sa len o spoločnosti, ktoré pracujú s informačnými a komunikačnými technológiami (IKT), ale týka sa to takmer každého sektora.</p> <p>Dáta napríklad tvoria chrbtovú kosť sektora služieb, a to predovšetkým právnych, konzultačných a finančných. Spoločnosti môžu tieto služby vďaka tomu poskytovať po celom svete. Rovnako môžu získať prístup k najlepším dodávateľom, bez ohľadu na to, kde majú svoje sídlo. Keďže sektor služieb tvorí dve tretiny všetkých pracovných pozícii v Európskej únii, mali by sme túto problematiku poňať vážne.</p> <p>Ďalšia oblasť, kde sú dáta nevyhnutnosťou, je zdravotníctvo. Práve v zdravotníctve je momentálne veľký dopyt po inováciách. Nové technológie môžu pomôcť rýchlejšie nájsť lieky, identifikovať ochorenia a možno aj predísť rizikovým stavom ešte predtým, ako k nim dôjde. Dobrým príklad je technológia maďarského start-upu OnCompass, ktorý vyhral <a href="https://www.digitaleurope.org/news/ai-healthcare-start-up-oncompass-medicine-wins-digitaleuropes-future-unicorn-award-2021/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ocenenie</a> Digital Europe, Future Unicorn. Vďaka umelej inteligencii totiž systém dokáže určiť najlepšiu dostupnú terapiu pre každý typ rakoviny.</p> <p>Dáta však vo veľkom používajú aj tradičnejšie priemyselné odvetvia. Tovary ako automobily alebo domáce spotrebiče sú často „zaobalené“ službami. Tieto zariadenia navyše pravidelne posielajú dáta o ich stave späť do svojich centrál. Vďaka tomu sa môžu výrobcovia naučiť viac o fungovaní svojich produktov, čo je podstatné pre ich budúce inovácie a schopnosť predpovedať možné zlyhania ešte predtým, ako sa stanú. Nie vždy je preto na mieste hovoriť o tovaroch a službách ako o oddelených kategóriách.</p> <div class='row ea-own-embed'> <div class='own-embed-img hidden-xs col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-lg-3'><img decoding="async" width="800" height="600" src="https://euractiv.sk/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/05/snowden-800x600.jpg" class="attachment-4x3 size-4x3 wp-post-image ea-media-unrolled ea-media-formatted img-responsive" alt=""></div> <div class='own-embed-excerpt col-xs-12 col-sm-7 col-md-8 col-lg-9'> <h4><a href='https://euractiv.sk/section/digitalizacia/opinion/v-otazke-ochrany-sukromia-maju-brusel-a-washington-stale-nezhody/'>V otázke ochrany súkromia majú Brusel a Washington stále nezhody</a></h4> <p>Spojené štáty americké a Európa sa v oblasti ochrany osobných údajov uberajú iným smerom už sedemdesiat rokov. Je preto veľmi pravdepodobné, že k stretu dôjde už čoskoro, píše bývalý írsky minister DICK ROCHE. </p> </p></div> </p></div> <p>Žiaľ, spoločnosti musia pri prenášaní údajov častokrát čeliť obštrukciám. Na svetových trhoch tak prichádzajú o obchodné príležitosti, ktoré narastajú. Medzi tieto obmedzenia patria aj zákony, ktoré nútia spoločnosti prenášať dáta iba v rámci krajín pôvodu. Dôvodom je len to, že im chcú sťažiť konkurencieschopnosť na medzinárodnom trhu. Jedná sa o dátový protekcionizmus.</p> <p>Nedávno sme v tomto smere boli svedkami veľkého pokroku. Napríklad, keď sa Európska únia rozhodla pristupovať k dátam z Japonska a Spojeného kráľovstva s rovnakým štandardom ochrany, ako pri vlastných dátach. Ďalším príkladom je nová obchodná stratégia Európskej komisie, ktorá poslúži ako hnacia sila digitálnej transformácie regiónu. V teoretickej rovine to znamená, že naši vyjednávači budú v rámci tejto stratégie požadovať pri prenose dát odstránenie protekcionizmu. Problém je, že od roku 2018 majú sťaženú pozíciu pri vyjednávaní, keďže náš postoj o ochrane osobných údajov nabral výrazne reštriktívny charakter.</p> <p>Určite musíme byť pri manipulácii s osobnými údajmi opatrní. Európska únia schválila GDPR z dobrých dôvodov a všetky spoločnosti ju musia rešpektovať pri výkone svojej práce. Ale boj proti prekážkam v prenose dát sa nerovná vyjednávaniu o strate istej miery súkromia. Práve naopak, nastavením predvídateľných celosvetových pravidiel sa EÚ stane svetovým lídrom v presadzovaní ochrany osobných dát a vytváraní obchodných príležitostí pre naše spoločnosti.</p> <p>Dobrá správa je, že nová kapitola o digitálnom obchode, ktorá je súčasťou dohody o brexite, nám ukazuje, že problém je možné riešiť iným spôsobom. Ak sa bude Únia držať pravidiel tejto dohody, tak by sa mohla v budúcnosti stať svetovým lídrom v zaobchádzaní s dátami. Táto pozícia by sa týkala kontextu rokovaní so Svetovou obchodnou organizáciou, či najbližších summitov G7 a G20.</p> <div class='row ea-own-embed'> <div class='own-embed-img hidden-xs col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-lg-3'><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="741" height="416" src="https://euractiv.sk/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/03/Edge-computing.jpg" class="attachment-4x3 size-4x3 wp-post-image ea-media-unrolled ea-media-formatted img-responsive" alt="" srcset="https://euractiv.sk/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/03/Edge-computing.jpg 741w, https://euractiv.sk/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2021/03/Edge-computing-300x168.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px"></div> <div class='own-embed-excerpt col-xs-12 col-sm-7 col-md-8 col-lg-9'> <h4><a href='https://euractiv.sk/section/digitalizacia/news/devat-strategickych-datapriestorov-v-unii-chce-mat-blok-co-najblizsie-k-pouzivatelom/'>Deväť strategických datapriestorov v Únii chce mať blok čo najbližšie k používateľom</a></h4> <p>Ukladanie európskych dát je ale naďalej problematické. Blok preto plánuje miliardové investície do európskych cloudov, ale aj malých datacentier v blízkosti používateľov. </p> </p></div> </p></div> <p>Celá debata úzko súvislí s osudom známeho Štítu na ochranu súkromia (Privacy Shield). Tento mechanizmus umožňoval bezpečné prenášanie dát medzi Európskou úniou a Spojenými štátmi, ktoré sú našim najväčším obchodným partnerom. No Súdny dvor Európskej únie ho v roku 2020 v podstate zrušil. Hlavná priorita EÚ je preto vytvoriť alternatívnu štruktúru a systém na prenos dát medzi oboma technologickými partnermi.</p> <p>Je ale znepokojujúce, že súd spochybnil aj ostatné nástroje, prostredníctvom ktorých spoločnosti prenášajú údaje mimo Európy. Ak sa najnovšia interpretácia jeho verdiktu stane účinnou, Európska rada pre ochranu údajov rozdrví svetový obchod s dátami. Požiadavka na úplné zašifrovanie všetkých údajov, ktoré sa prenášajú, budú vo výsledku pre spoločnosti, ktoré s nimi obchodujú v zahraničí, nečitateľné. V podstate to úplne znemožní komunikáciu medzi európskymi centrálami firiem a ich americkými alebo čínskymi pobočkami. Musíme preto nájsť iné riešenie.</p> <p>Digitálne ciele EÚ na rok 2030 oprávnene volajú po naštartovaní digitálneho priemyslu. Vďaka nemu sa tento kontinent stane zelenší, vytvoria sa nové pracovné pozície a príležitosti na podnikanie. No bez trvalého riešenia, ktoré umožní voľný cezhraničný prenos dát, nebudeme schopní náš cieľ dosiahnuť.</p> </div> </div> <div class="ea-article-footer"> <div class="ea-article-meta clearfix"> <p class="ea-language-switcher">Jazyky: <a href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/opinion/why-the-impasse-on-data-flows-threatens-europes-digital-recovery/">English</a><p class="ea-social vsac-social"><a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_self" class="vsac-social-print btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fa fa-print"></i><span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">Tlač</span></a> <a href="mailto:?subject=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20euractiv.sk&body=Obmedzenie prenosu dát ohrozí digitálnu transformáciu Únie%20%E2%80%93%20euractiv.sk%20%E2%80%93%20https%3A%2F%2Feuractiv.sk%2Fsection%2Fdigitalizacia%2Fopinion%2Fobmedzenie-prenosu-dat-ohrozi-digitalnu-transformaciu-unie%2F" target="_blank" class="vsac-social-email btn btn-sm btn btn-sm" id=""><i class="fa 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