CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '919a8ccadcad463d',cH: 'E4CixceTVxl75CuDm3ad3UYVhBLr7svEI5KgebtnOc8-1740851985-1.2.1.1-bF9sogp_4BaZpIyypq_317SyEO4zEco8JKqxtMbjOpf_l5ATj9dT98Cma1gTCDcY',cUPMDTk: "\/4297\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=qtlnnP_IY4ndl72g3sJwcb3PTU7O0ITAdl5jNx3JwnI-1740851985-1.0.1.1-SAA5eNnuf5M.ACUe8zBrzbfbar70Nnl4LhYZJISB_.Q",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740851985',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/4297\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=qtlnnP_IY4ndl72g3sJwcb3PTU7O0ITAdl5jNx3JwnI-1740851985-1.0.1.1-SAA5eNnuf5M.ACUe8zBrzbfbar70Nnl4LhYZJISB_.Q",md: "Ku4kVhS97mHzWY3awd7uJI4qPOPg65ibhbIRoGfx75E-1740851985-1.2.1.1-QcWnn3hlU2YEscQXyOOdsMMvXzkspKfPrxnTvxrRU_HsvUlarAhHPeyEaru1l6HU0qSBQtA5qLJvDHlBerNHGaSbK.jwsazEnFJeKe6i98aKxv7YeDy9.9HS89MKq4E8Zm.35U8PvCkF3c51wCVTenSFtjEcvVOaX1mYnmk479lYdce0lO.RQjxHS0gKMdTiXw4SUqyep3BOpZIWJZQw9sn24wTjOhfbImFhYdo8IuF9RtVd1rlUY0O70Fr_.mo1iarzNxNdTwbKLVXajExFZBfDej0AwND1pSDQEwIWx3x1RLSdyfBhs9atDRsw4YRouGvn3tkY0RvjsTyi7FGhtF6.yYwgmFrqoQbCMUaeYxG1Fx_b6wfCNyImQASklLHS0085AziddyUCYXXFZReu1z8VJ65_buC8Rs4mMDBqxFakz2vqaTw3GGtyifhRkS8EGvqpn9eYejgAwlxS3bcLL1elw.AGU28f4ajguGSVyIwRTXT5STmKFKSOXLMSGL27EYQghgrD8fWnce.WoQKFp2mDj9It5a7Zj2pgGTcTYyJ5hKJX5zsOgG1edTnkiWAqTIjW9c3.d2mCzQtcOnvJ0bDAmkUg6IdkBTmhm1_IbuFugorBSJung547Qwrk4JYtORr4wuZO80WmbGY.5DgbHCl4rcedgJ8qPHfFLF5XANo1AlCymWkHqfotNSQEnSeIofV_NzrF1DYKBuDd5QOkJkzMpdoPxtpjC01TIyWZJOsglVq6JySnUg1Z_ypaTub7KjCWjmcS3uabCWO.Zee4m.fPSTHFKxJdmT.vcVcXRVzsGM.iIICfGMz6fMBzkfiU5aafT1lVt4.y_nVzTjxp8zQhR269oG2ZVTEiomdX0E506H8Yx9u_pgqwlPXEvirmR2pMBhrtlHK_HLuCU8TUjCr5INQivi7dcnwfI1_UdZujFXTuAy0gNKrihZuDYPIjtYd6NwsE3vver7di915Zw7wJfVgpmfX7HfmXQRYFr_NaEkxjex1MfmBspIjXymIqn9nwMe9vc5onEipFaf1vmEWo4SMh0kamFanxcHJDrDj3NxMiBfdwdDyX3aORGZxBBuu.u_Ylz1Xrn9rBBsh7ZzPCP6eDaDczenRUZpc4BmqoF9GBucXq_dr0pw.PlPnfEysdOLaPAxTNkkxw.JlnzwwJfdlcAimGG0e5keDDP85KC8k1YDm7hNzQ14v79XOsc2vs7J2GoNp4k31Zp8PT5A",mdrd: "_aYPxlfLTnr_KXu5R3hl7tAUjMtdgcBLU73YbdVe_7I-1740851985-1.2.1.1-hP1Gz25NU85W7Ev1zQj98j0unAfLsxcrwwzIgbGfd6LReZKepDZTk4P4nRRJp2g7q5BtDV74q8UoqgcABiMW.sAHrM.Ix8wwh2zMoT2XleU58YHMrua71Mv8cOX8tX4zH5wr.7QFcWqoagXycG3bIXug5s0KocrigYKu6r7WgU4OYhZqi4peBgQRYazA03UfPC5GSC13kuJPo2otp6ZSxl0fO.7okdRq3b8z98nAov_3NsAdfb_.U6J5Ib9_BFy6gALbGh_6V8zJUdTxPtwfzI034IcSS_Q818RpSvF8rj22_3vGpySixeZSUXU56O5FjZb7h9appmAdqrRLpX6qvGDkIQZfuENnXcKEKUli7URxuzoBYqeazWZFnD.S0_4aPn7YxH.BhY8Zk3reDak0On6Y1L3gBNw1cB8vjuzIaZ2Lc8qaw.7arUEwGe5yKb7xlWGdlvPUP5_DnqDnq.pRUvc1UlG_Ko6Y.KuVgsUlaSEVFeSxOtklYFAvHylayEs7RoKlRSwc1RkOB_um6jPVKhKFgI1Z4i3sD8N_oLIODEvZSOi_VkYX101o714arhcEb8FLdXr.jTV.j_E_Gd90._.8VFKdqAE.cXFMT6edOCxemOsAso4CTRnfe1ZdYfP8LHktWc1Gy9FvxGYizRZdTHrOfWE0hlqv8bT5557XXA3g.Fyn1lGyYc.4Jt8hO5aH1oovCwQ2G5zZMzGnrNaEMRkywE6ztRrgVtoiwxU_qeoCvTN6aA5SmEOCIa4C_2VV3SIknYJ_FhVckIDbO4tat8fRPoAxI.sxgy_VFy3sKGG34pdMnZcYjLs2dk7RnfBEAbe8OWpxlsXg9eU5OVqwFCaSrT5OzEeegRf7K3wJlFLbpFzYWY9DW8doPZ9khwPzAofq.D67Iys1vLVjMiteZD2Pnrd9ViTCHjc9leuaodoCGQrt.TpNTfgFXrpZhC3_WfQPVrmwBkEr3UWNWKQQM0IQXEV19oFVtjS5AYqY0Q5PCLJDPh.U7XjkaXovXKckEW4IEzT_OY4nSZGTjcYNQGdwtBB0v.Dl8sq4glRc2OBwCctr6R2i2cC5rAoW05Jb5SZiPa2yoqP.74T5fWGVfdGImF_bJqiN3ywsPigYD03yF7a7ON1v9j5ew4p602Ccv_Ngwr_457T201jKEH3nOqUxWlG98kshCletxxqBS8zyg8O8vGLNKv43lw2Qno8fP37GHhOVsvTCJXuq2lQKQEkH5cAguy7g5DCqQcdsc0eLH8lGF91RGdPQpUYy7Bcl3M9Z03FdF2PrPOXhNMFjazF87r5e7LJ32.qhT5qMcDQK3F9rxXCojQAt3o19nuO9BsHKd9370Cie0JBgyaQCb4j8zY90cJc7aWKiqBRW8OTQpYY46R0xVCSmvPaubSxBkpWd8XdY4s4LjmiaAvGjgnEDdZdY4QcdHrnAzzCkQF1eNM25lgFmSD4ZdYeg7COWFvSVoQ1tsCwZfdlqy3Vu4uW3FS_rXh2tMJNGkVNyrzdNE3a9I9dIYhGCGxn4HbYZxPnokuMqTqZ.QzUMQTbIBLxui5cr7Xbb5Zt799Tb6WSL8QMwoAOhtbIYSh6PgOVh2B89vMum8b5Y22VcZsDDPdTPiniozY_jdM53WqYXmr.Rf5iuz8u7Iv725qpYwzIL11OyBZBzLscICfDhV_0eEIt94rpeunfVX5s2AMJuSPeOKf6sUE6DOiHDWVDyoRw4S1QZKzUUpXBLZJ4k.yRjmeGbYt.FKUScP89.OWDaQPHdwvU7khwDKlkElH7ButQsjEIChd35vMLDiP5jlu2Jt5E5KdVFYOY7BGKpjjqtgrzYx2I16FQ9QJ2EMnJU5ZapEpUsQNn0vf5YESDW66tg5gq7IOZamFgODZ3cMWonTn2kVdXrQboamrBS7S6RGU9Kf3IuW5aQW_2fq4Sjm9WBauR5_r4q.3c.57_aDV9kIigUtQaQSIBHzdjkzcSXDkVkCdM9WM4Ncvgf0nTw0Nw.Hw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=919a8ccadcad463d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/4297\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=qtlnnP_IY4ndl72g3sJwcb3PTU7O0ITAdl5jNx3JwnI-1740851985-1.0.1.1-SAA5eNnuf5M.ACUe8zBrzbfbar70Nnl4LhYZJISB_.Q" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>