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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_Mozambique_(1498–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Portuguese Mozambique (1498–1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_Mozambique_(1498–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambican_War_of_Independence_(1964–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambican_War_of_Independence_(1964–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambican_War_of_Independence_(1964–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_(1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_(1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Independence (1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_(1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambican_Civil_War_(1977–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambican_Civil_War_(1977–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambican_Civil_War_(1977–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_era_(1993–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_era_(1993–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Democratic era (1993–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_era_(1993–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wildlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Human rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rebounding_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebounding_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Rebounding growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebounding_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Economic reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Natural resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Water supply and sanitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Largest cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>National holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mozambique</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 247 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-247" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">247 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiek" title="Mosambiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mosambiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%9B%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A2%E1%8A%AD" title="ሞዛምቢክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞዛምቢክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बीक – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मोजाम्बीक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambice" title="Mosambice – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mosambice" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزمبيق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موزمبيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambic" title="Mozambic – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Mozambic" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosamb%C3%ADke" title="Mosambíke – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mosambíke" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musambiki" title="Musambiki – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Musambiki" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موزامبیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موزامبیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbik" title="Mozanbik – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Mozanbik" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="মোজাম্বিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোজাম্বিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мазамбік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мазамбік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мазамбік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мазамбік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8D" title="མོ་ཛམ་བིཀ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མོ་ཛམ་བིཀ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic" title="Moçambic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moçambic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazambuko" title="Mazambuko – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mazambuko" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicu" title="Mozambicu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mozambicu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambic" title="Mosambic – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mosambic" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزامبيق – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موزامبيق" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A9" title="މުސިންބީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުސިންބީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dleesh_Binii%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dleesh Biniiʼí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dleesh Biniiʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiik" title="Mosambiik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mosambiik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Μοζαμβίκη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοζαμβίκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiko" title="Mozambiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mozambiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambiqui" title="Moçambiqui – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Moçambiqui" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambike" title="Mozambike – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mozambike" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiki" title="Mozambiki – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Mozambiki" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موزامبیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موزامبیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambyk" title="Mozambyk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mozambyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozammbik" title="Mozammbik – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Mozammbik" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacht_Mh%C3%B3saimb%C3%ADc" title="Poblacht Mhósaimbíc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poblacht Mhósaimbíc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vosambeeck" title="Yn Vosambeeck – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vosambeeck" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2saimbic" title="Mòsaimbic – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mòsaimbic" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95" title="મોઝામ્બિક – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોઝામ્બિક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%81%AC" title="모잠비크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모잠비크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamabika" title="Mozamabika – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mozamabika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Մոզամբիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոզամբիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोज़ाम्बीक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोज़ाम्बीक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="মোজাম্বিক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মোজাম্বিক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambikh" title="Mozambikh – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Mozambikh" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMozambiki" title="IMozambiki – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMozambiki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3samb%C3%ADk" title="Mósambík – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mósambík" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambico" title="Mozambico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mozambico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מוזמביק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזמביק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moozambiki" title="Moozambiki – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Moozambiki" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮೊಜಾಂಬಿಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೊಜಾಂಬಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosamb%C3%ADki" title="Mosambíki – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mosambíki" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მოზამბიკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოზამბიკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambike" title="Mozambike – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Mozambike" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msumbiji" title="Msumbiji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Msumbiji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musambiki" title="Musambiki – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Musambiki" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambika" title="Mozambika – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Mozambika" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbik" title="Mozanbik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mozanbik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbik" title="Mozanbik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mozanbik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamb%C3%AEk" title="Mozambîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mozambîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambich" title="Mosambich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mosambich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiko" title="Mosambiko – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mosambiko" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambika" title="Mozambika – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Mozambika" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicum" title="Mozambicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mozambicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambika" title="Mozambika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mozambika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambikas" title="Mozambikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mozambikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambico" title="Moçambico – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Moçambico" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamb%C3%ADki" title="Mozambíki – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mozambíki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambic" title="Mosambic – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mosambic" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiku" title="Mozambiku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mozambiku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mosambik" title="mosambik – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mosambik" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzambich" title="Muzambich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muzambich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4zambika" title="Môzambika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môzambika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മൊസാംബിക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊസാംബിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C5%BCambik" title="Możambik – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Możambik" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohapiki" title="Mohapiki – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mohapiki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोझांबिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोझांबिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მოზამბიკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მოზამბიკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزامبيق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موزامبيق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="موزامبیک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موزامبیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯃꯣꯓꯥꯝꯕꯤꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯣꯓꯥꯝꯕꯤꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Moçambique" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%87%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မိုဇမ်ဘစ်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဇမ်ဘစ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambyk" title="Mosambyk – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mosambyk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मोजाम्बिक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मोजाम्बिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="モザンビーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モザンビーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic" title="Moçambic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Moçambic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moozaambik" title="Moozaambik – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Moozaambik" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95" title="ਮੋਜ਼ੈਂਬੀਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਜ਼ੈਂਬੀਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोजम्बीक – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मोजम्बीक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%82" title="موزمبیق – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موزمبیق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="موزامبيک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موزامبيک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiik" title="Mozambiik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mozambiik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="ម៉ូហ្សំប៉ិក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ូហ្សំប៉ិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambich" title="Mosambich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mosambich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moçambique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambic" title="Mozambic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mozambic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musampiki" title="Musampiki – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Musampiki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="मोजम्बीक – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मोजम्बीक" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6z%C3%A4mb%C3%AEka" title="Mözämbîka – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Mözämbîka" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicu" title="Mozambicu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mozambicu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiki" title="Mozambiki – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Mozambiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiku" title="Mozambiku – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mozambiku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambicu" title="Mozambicu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mozambicu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="මොසැම්බික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මොසැම්බික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82" title="موزمبيق – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موزمبيق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambiki" title="Mozambiki – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Mozambiki" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musanbiig" title="Musanbiig – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Musanbiig" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مۆزامبیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆزامبیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moçambique" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="மொசாம்பிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொசாம்பிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzambiq" title="Muzambiq – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Muzambiq" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းမူဝ်ႇၸမ်းပိၵ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမူဝ်ႇၸမ်းပိၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="మొజాంబిక్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొజాంబిక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambike" title="Mosambike – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Mosambike" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ประเทศโมซัมบิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโมซัมบิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%9B%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A2%E1%8A%AD" title="ሞዛምቢክ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሞዛምቢክ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mos%C4%93mipiki" title="Mosēmipiki – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Mosēmipiki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambikwi" title="Mozambikwi – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Mozambikwi" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мозамбик – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мозамбик" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мозамбік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мозамбік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%82" title="موزمبیق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موزمبیق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%83" title="موزامبىك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="موزامبىك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozanbico" title="Mozanbico – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mozanbico" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik%C3%A4n" title="Mozambikän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mozambikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambiik" title="Mosambiik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mosambiik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="莫桑比克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莫桑比克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzambhiki" title="Muzambhiki – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Muzambhiki" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מאזאמביק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאזאמביק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2s%C3%A1mb%C3%ACk%C3%AC" title="Mòsámbìkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mòsámbìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E4%B8%89%E9%BC%BB%E7%B5%A6" title="莫三鼻給 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莫三鼻給" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozamb%C4%97ks" title="Mozambėks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mozambėks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫桑比克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mosambik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Mozambique" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="South Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Mozambik" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%BD" title="ⵎⵓⵣⴰⵎⴱⵉⴽ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⵓⵣⴰⵎⴱⵉⴽ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1029#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mozambique&params=18_15_S_35_00_E_type:country_region:MZ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°15′S</span> <span class="longitude">35°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.250°S 35.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-18.250; 35.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Southeastern Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern country since 1990. For the former country from 1975 to 1990, see <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">People's Republic of Mozambique</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mozambique (disambiguation)">Mozambique (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Mozambique</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-size:88%;"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">República de Moçambique</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Mozambique"><img alt="Flag of Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/125px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/188px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/250px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mozambique" title="Flag of Mozambique">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Mozambique"><img alt="Emblem of Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Mozambique" title="Emblem of Mozambique"> Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1tria_Amada" title="Pátria Amada">Pátria Amada</a></i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(Portuguese)</span><br />"Beloved Homeland"<br /><div style="padding-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="Mozambican_national_anthem,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Mozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=ch&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ch" label="Chamoru ‪(ch)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=sw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sw" label="Kiswahili ‪(sw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMozambican_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Mozambique_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Show globe</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Mozambique_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mozambique&params=25_57_S_32_35_E_type:city_region:MZ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°57′S</span> <span class="longitude">32°35′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.950°S 32.583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25.950; 32.583</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Recognised regional languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">Lomwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-Census2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">99.0% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique" title="Demographics of Mozambique">African</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.8% <a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7o" title="Mestiço">Mestiço</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.1% <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambicans" title="Portuguese Mozambicans">White</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.1% other<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">55.8% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Mozambique">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">26.1% <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional African religion">traditional faiths</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">17.5% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mozambique" title="Islam in Mozambique">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.5% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.3% other<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozambican people">Mozambican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mozambique" title="Politics of Mozambique">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary dominant-party <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential republic</a> under an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> government<sup id="cite_ref-SpL_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Mozambique">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chapo" title="Daniel Chapo">Daniel Chapo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Mozambique">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Benvinda_Levy" title="Maria Benvinda Levy">Maria Benvinda Levy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Mozambique)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)">Assembly of the Republic</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mozambique" title="History of Mozambique">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Junta" title="National Salvation Junta">Portugal</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 June 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1977-1992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mozambique" title="Constitution of Mozambique">Current constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 December 2004</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mozambique" title="Geography of Mozambique">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">801,590 km<sup>2</sup> (309,500 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">35th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.2</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique" title="Demographics of Mozambique">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,881,007<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">45th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">28.7/km<sup>2</sup> (74.3/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $53.710 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">121st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $1,584<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">187th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $21.936 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">128th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $647<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">185th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 50.4<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkred">high inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.461<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">low</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">183rd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_metical" title="Mozambican metical">Metical</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">MZN</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Africa_Time" title="Central Africa Time">CAT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Mozambique" title="Telephone numbers in Mozambique">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B258" class="mw-redirect" title="+258">+258</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MZ" title="ISO 3166-2:MZ">MZ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.mz" title=".mz">.mz</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz">www<wbr />.portaldogoverno<wbr />.gov<wbr />.mz</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mozambique</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Republic of Mozambique</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a country located in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">Southeast Africa</a> bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> to the south and southwest. The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> is separated from the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a> to the east. The capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>. </p><p>Between the 7th and 11th centuries, a series of Swahili port towns developed on that area, which contributed to the development of a distinct <a href="/wiki/Swahili_culture" title="Swahili culture">Swahili culture</a> and dialect. In the late medieval period, these towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, Arabia, Persia, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The voyage of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> in 1498 marked the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a>, who began a gradual process of colonisation and settlement in 1505. After over four centuries of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese rule</a>, Mozambique <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">gained independence</a> in 1975, becoming the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">People's Republic of Mozambique</a> shortly thereafter. After only two years of independence, the country descended into an intense and protracted <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992</a>. In 1994, Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has since remained a relatively stable <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a>, although it still faces a <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">low-intensity insurgency</a> distinctively in the farthermost regions from the southern capital and where Islam is dominant. </p><p>Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources, notwithstanding the country's economy is based chiefly on fishery—substantially <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluscs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinoderms</a>—and agriculture with a growing industry of food and beverages, chemical manufacturing, aluminium and oil. The tourism sector is expanding. Since 2001, Mozambique's GDP growth has been thriving, but since 2014/15, both a significant decrease in household real consumption and a sharp rise in <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> have been observed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nation remains one of the poorest and <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">most underdeveloped countries</a> in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranking low in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP per capita</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">human development</a>, measures of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index">inequality</a> and average <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The country's population of around 34,777,605 consisting more than 2,000 ethnic groups, as of 2024 estimates, which is a 2.96% population increase from 2023, is composed overwhelmingly of <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu peoples</a>. However, the only official language in Mozambique is <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, which is spoken in urban areas as a first or second language by most, and generally as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> between younger Mozambicans with access to formal education. The most important local languages include <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chichewa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> lists 46 languages spoken in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which one is a signed language (Mozambican Sign Language/<i>Língua de sinais de Moçambique</i>). The largest <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">religion in Mozambique</a> is Christianity, with significant minorities following Islam and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">African traditional religions</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The country was named Moçambique by the Portuguese after the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a>, derived from either <a href="/wiki/Mussa_Bin_Bique" title="Mussa Bin Bique">Mussa Bin Bique</a>, <i>Musa Al Big,</i> <i>Mossa Al Bique</i>, <i>Mussa Ben Mbiki</i> or <i>Mussa Ibn Malik</i>, an Arab trader who first visited the island and later lived there<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was still alive when <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> called at the island in 1498.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island-town was the capital of the Portuguese colony until 1898, when it was moved south to Lourenço Marques (now <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mozambique" title="History of Mozambique">History of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_(3912235854).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg/220px-Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg/330px-Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg/440px-Mozambique_%283912235854%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption>Mozambican <a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">dhow</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bantu_migrations">Bantu migrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bantu migrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>-speaking peoples migrated into Mozambique as early as the 4th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, waves of migration from the west and north went through the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi</a> River valley and then gradually into the plateau and coastal areas of Southern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They established agricultural communities or societies based on herding cattle. They brought with them the technology for smelting<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and smithing iron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swahili_Coast">Swahili Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Swahili Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slaves_ruvuma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slaves_ruvuma.jpg/220px-Slaves_ruvuma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slaves_ruvuma.jpg/330px-Slaves_ruvuma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slaves_ruvuma.jpg/440px-Slaves_ruvuma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Arab-Swahili slave traders and their captives on the <a href="/wiki/Ruvuma_River" title="Ruvuma River">Ruvuma River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From the late first millennium AD, vast <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a> networks extended as far south into Mozambique as evidenced by the ancient port town of <a href="/wiki/Chibuene" title="Chibuene">Chibuene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinclair2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinclair2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in the 9th century, a growing involvement in Indian Ocean trade led to the development of numerous port towns along the entire East African coast, including modern day Mozambique. Largely autonomous, these towns broadly participated in the incipient <a href="/wiki/Swahili_culture" title="Swahili culture">Swahili culture</a>. Islam was often adopted by urban elites, facilitating trade. In Mozambique, <a href="/wiki/Sofala" title="Sofala">Sofala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angoche" title="Angoche">Angoche</a>, and Mozambique Island were regional powers by the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The towns traded with merchants from both the African interior and the broader Indian Ocean world. Particularly important were the gold and ivory caravan routes. Inland states like the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Kingdom of Zimbabwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mutapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mutapa">Kingdom of Mutapa</a> provided the coveted gold and ivory, which were then exchanged up the coast to larger port cities like <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Kilwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_Mozambique_(1498–1975)"><span id="Portuguese_Mozambique_.281498.E2.80.931975.29"></span>Portuguese Mozambique (1498–1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portuguese Mozambique (1498–1975)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/220px-Mozambique_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/330px-Mozambique_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mozambique_n2.jpg/440px-Mozambique_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="962" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a>, former capital in Northern Mozambique and prominent in the country's history</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg/220px-Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg/330px-Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg/440px-Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3837" data-file-height="2558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Nossa_Senhora_de_Baluarte" title="Chapel of Nossa Senhora de Baluarte">Chapel of Nossa Senhora de Baluarte</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg/170px-Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg/255px-Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg/340px-Fortaleza_de_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o" title="Fort São Sebastião">Fort São Sebastião</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a> after which the country is named, is a small coral island at the mouth of Mossuril Bay on the <a href="/wiki/Nacala" title="Nacala">Nacala</a> coast of northern Mozambique, first explored by Europeans in the late 15th century. </p><p>When Portuguese explorers reached Mozambique in 1498, Arab-trading settlements had existed along the coast and outlying islands for several centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-gupta_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gupta-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From about 1500, Portuguese trading posts and forts displaced the Arabic commercial and military hegemony, becoming regular ports of call on the new European sea route to the east,<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EBmoz_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBmoz-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first steps in what was to become a process of colonisation.<sup id="cite_ref-EBmoz_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBmoz-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Newitt_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newitt-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The voyage of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> in 1498 marked the Portuguese entry into trade, politics, and society of the region. The Portuguese gained control of the Island of Mozambique and the port city of Sofala in the early 16th century, and by the 1530s, small groups of Portuguese traders and prospectors seeking gold penetrated the interior regions. Here they set up garrisons and trading posts at <a href="/wiki/Sena,_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Sena, Mozambique">Sena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tete,_Mozambique" title="Tete, Mozambique">Tete</a> on the Zambezi and tried to gain exclusive control over the gold trade.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the central part of the Mozambique territory, the Portuguese attempted to legitimise and consolidate their trade and settlement positions through the creation of <i><a href="/wiki/Prazo" title="Prazo">prazos</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These land grants tied emigrants to their settlements, and inland Mozambique was largely left to be administered by <i>prazeiros</i>, the grant holders, while central authorities in Portugal concentrated their direct exercise of power on, in their view, the more important Portuguese possessions in Asia and the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isaac2000_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isaac2000-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slavery in Mozambique pre-dated European-contact. African rulers and chiefs dealt in enslaved people, first with Arab Muslim traders, who sent the enslaved to Middle East Asia cities and plantations, and later with Portuguese and other European traders. In a continuation of the trade, slaves were supplied by warring local African rulers, who raided enemy tribes and sold their captives to the <i>prazeiros</i>. The authority of the <i>prazeiros</i> was exercised and upheld amongst the local population by armies of these enslaved men, whose members became known as <i><a href="/wiki/Chikunda" title="Chikunda">Chikunda</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Continuing emigration from Portugal occurred at comparatively low levels until late in the nineteenth century, promoting "Africanisation".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <i>prazos</i> were originally intended to be held solely by Portuguese colonists, through intermarriage and the relative isolation of <i>prazeiros</i> from ongoing Portuguese influences, the <i>prazos</i> became African-Portuguese or African-Indian.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EBmoz_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBmoz-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg/220px-Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg/330px-Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg/440px-Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>View of the Central Avenue in Lourenço Marques, now Maputo, ca. 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Portuguese influence gradually expanded, its power was limited and exercised through individual settlers and officials who were granted extensive autonomy. The Portuguese were able to wrest much of the coastal trade from Arab Muslims between 1500 and 1700, but, with the Arab Muslim seizure of Portugal's key foothold at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jesus" title="Fort Jesus">Fort Jesus</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mombasa_Island" title="Mombasa Island">Mombasa Island</a> (now in Kenya) in 1698, the pendulum began to swing in the other direction. As a result, investment lagged while <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> devoted itself to the more lucrative trade with India and the Far East and to the colonisation of Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mazrui" title="Mazrui">Mazrui</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Oman" title="History of Oman">Omani Arabs</a> reclaimed much of the Indian Ocean trade, forcing the Portuguese to retreat south. Many <i>prazos</i> had declined by the mid-19th century, but several of them survived. During the 19th century other European powers, particularly the British (<a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company" title="British South Africa Company">British South Africa Company</a>) and the French (Madagascar), became increasingly involved in the trade and politics of the region around the Portuguese East African territories.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/220px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/330px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/440px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_81_-_Oficina_de_Tipografia_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese language printing and typesetting class, 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>By the early 20th century the Portuguese had shifted the administration of much of Mozambique to large private companies, like the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Company" title="Mozambique Company">Mozambique Company</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambezia Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Niassa_Company" title="Niassa Company">Niassa Company</a>, controlled and financed mostly by British financiers such as <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Joel" title="Solomon Joel">Solomon Joel</a>, which established railroad lines to their neighbouring colonies (South Africa and <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>). Although slavery had been legally abolished in Mozambique, at the end of the 19th century the chartered companies enacted a forced labour policy and supplied cheap—often forced—African labour to the mines and <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> of the nearby British colonies and South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zambezia Company, the most profitable chartered company, took over several smaller <i>prazeiro</i> holdings and established military outposts to protect its property. The chartered companies built roads and ports to bring their goods to market including a railroad linking present-day Zimbabwe with the Mozambican port of <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to their unsatisfactory performance and the shift, under the <a href="/wiki/Corporatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporatist">corporatist</a> <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime of <a href="/wiki/Oliveira_Salazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliveira Salazar">Oliveira Salazar</a>, toward a stronger Portuguese control of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>'s economy, the companies' concessions were not renewed when they ran out. This was what happened in 1942 with the Mozambique Company, which, however, continued to operate in the agricultural and commercial sectors as a corporation, and had already happened in 1929 with the termination of the Niassa Company's concession. In 1951, the Portuguese overseas colonies in Africa were rebranded as Overseas Provinces of Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mueda_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mueda massacre">Mueda massacre</a> of 16 June 1960, resulted in the death of <a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a> protestors, which provoked the struggle of independence from Portuguese rule of Mozambique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambican_War_of_Independence_(1964–1975)"><span id="Mozambican_War_of_Independence_.281964.E2.80.931975.29"></span>Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1975)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sempreatentos...aoperigo!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg/220px-Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg/330px-Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg/440px-Sempreatentos...aoperigo%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese troops during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a>, some loading <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/AR-10" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-10">AR-10</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%26K_G3" class="mw-redirect" title="H&K G3">H&K G3</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">anti-colonial</a> ideologies spread out across Africa, many clandestine political movements were established in support of Mozambican independence. These movements claimed that since policies and development plans were primarily designed by the ruling authorities for the benefit of Mozambique's Portuguese population, little attention was paid to Mozambique's tribal integration and the development of its native communities.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the official guerrilla statements, this affected a majority of the indigenous population who suffered both state-sponsored discrimination and enormous social pressure. As a response to the guerrilla movement, the Portuguese government from the 1960s and principally the early 1970s initiated gradual changes with new socioeconomic developments and egalitarian policies.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (<a href="/wiki/FRELIMO" title="FRELIMO">FRELIMO</a>) initiated a guerrilla campaign against Portuguese rule in September 1964. This conflict—along with the two others already initiated in the other Portuguese colonies of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a>—became part of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> (1961–1974). From a military standpoint, the Portuguese regular army maintained control of the population centres while the guerrilla forces sought to undermine their influence in rural and tribal areas in the north and west. As part of their response to FRELIMO, the Portuguese government began to pay more attention to creating favourable conditions for social development and economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_(1975)"><span id="Independence_.281975.29"></span>Independence (1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independence (1975)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FRELIMO took control of the territory after ten years of sporadic warfare, as well as Portugal's own return to democracy after the fall of the authoritarian <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Estado Novo</a> regime in the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> of April 1974 and the failed <a href="/wiki/Coup_of_25_November_1975" title="Coup of 25 November 1975">coup of 25 November 1975</a>. Within a year, most of the 250,000 Portuguese in Mozambique had left—some expelled by the government of the nearly independent territory, some left the country to avoid possible reprisals from the unstable government—and Mozambique became independent from Portugal on 25 June 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A law had been passed on the initiative of the relatively unknown <a href="/wiki/Armando_Guebuza" title="Armando Guebuza">Armando Guebuza</a> of the FRELIMO party, ordering the Portuguese to leave the country in 24 hours with only 20 kilograms (44 pounds) of luggage. Unable to salvage any of their assets, most of them returned to Portugal penniless.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambican_Civil_War_(1977–1992)"><span id="Mozambican_Civil_War_.281977.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">People's Republic of Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_mine_victim_2_(4364914733).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg/220px-Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg/330px-Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg/440px-Land_mine_victim_2_%284364914733%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A land mine victim in Mozambique</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">new government</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Samora_Machel" title="Samora Machel">Samora Machel</a> established a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> principles. It received diplomatic and some military support from <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and proceeded to crack down on opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting shortly after independence, the country was plagued from 1977 to 1992 by a long and violent civil war between the opposition forces of anti-communist Mozambican National Resistance (<a href="/wiki/RENAMO" title="RENAMO">RENAMO</a>) rebel militias and the FRELIMO regime. This conflict characterised the first decades of Mozambican independence, combined with sabotage from the neighbouring states of <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> and South Africa, ineffective policies, failed central planning, and the resulting economic collapse. This period was also marked by the exodus of Portuguese nationals and Mozambicans of Portuguese heritage,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a collapsed infrastructure, lack of investment in productive assets, and government nationalisation of privately owned industries, as well as widespread famine. </p><p>During most of the civil war, the FRELIMO-formed central government was unable to exercise effective control outside urban areas, many of which were cut off from the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RENAMO-controlled areas included up to 50% of the rural areas in several provinces, and it is reported that health services of any kind were isolated from assistance for years in those areas. The problem worsened when the government cut back spending on health care.<sup id="cite_ref-Pfeiffer._J._2003_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pfeiffer._J._2003-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war was marked by mass human rights violations from both sides of the conflict, with both RENAMO and FRELIMO contributing to the chaos through the use of terror and indiscriminate targeting of civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central government executed tens of thousands of people while trying to extend its control throughout the country and sent many people to "re-education camps" where thousands died.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg/220px-RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg/330px-RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg/440px-RhodesiaAllies1975-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption>The geopolitical situation in 1975; nations friendly to the FRELIMO are shown in orange.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the war, RENAMO proposed a peace agreement based on the secession of RENAMO-controlled northern and western territories as the independent <i>Republic of Rombesia</i>, but FRELIMO refused, insisting on the undivided sovereignty of the entire country. An estimated one million Mozambicans perished during the civil war, 1.7 million took refuge in neighbouring states, and several million more were internally displaced.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FRELIMO regime also gave shelter and support to South African (<a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>) and Zimbabwean (<a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union" title="Zimbabwe African National Union">Zimbabwe African National Union</a>) rebel movements, while the governments of Rhodesia and later Apartheid South Africa backed RENAMO in the civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 300,000 and 600,000 people died of famine during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 October 1986, Machel was on his way back from an international meeting in Zambia when his <a href="/wiki/1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash" title="1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash">plane crashed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lebombo_Mountains" title="Lebombo Mountains">Lebombo Mountains</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mbuzini" title="Mbuzini">Mbuzini</a> in South Africa. President Machel and thirty-three others died, including ministers and officials of the Mozambique government. The United Nations' Soviet delegation issued a minority report contending that their expertise and experience had been undermined by the South Africans. Representatives of the Soviet Union advanced the theory that the plane had been intentionally diverted by a false <a href="/wiki/VHF_omnidirectional_range" title="VHF omnidirectional range">navigational beacon</a> signal, using a technology provided by military intelligence operatives of the South African government.<sup id="cite_ref-TRC_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Machel's successor <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Joaquim Chissano</a> implemented sweeping changes in the country, starting reforms such as changing from Marxism to capitalism and began peace talks with RENAMO. The new constitution enacted in 1990 provided for a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party political system</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market-based economy</a>, and free elections. That same year, Mozambique abolished the people's republic as the country's official name. The civil war ended in October 1992 with the <a href="/wiki/Rome_General_Peace_Accords" title="Rome General Peace Accords">Rome General Peace Accords</a>, first brokered by the Christian Council of Mozambique (Council of Protestant Churches) and then taken over by <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Community of Sant'Egidio</a>. Peace returned to Mozambique, under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_Mozambique" title="United Nations Operation in Mozambique">peacekeeping force of the United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_era_(1993–present)"><span id="Democratic_era_.281993.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Democratic era (1993–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Democratic era (1993–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg/220px-Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg/330px-Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg/440px-Helicopter_over_flooded_Central_Mozambique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-53" title="Sikorsky MH-53">US helicopter</a> flying over the flooded <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_River" title="Limpopo River">Limpopo River</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2000_Mozambique_flood" title="2000 Mozambique flood">2000 Mozambique flood</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mozambique held elections in 1994, which were accepted by most political parties as free and fair although still contested by many nationals and observers alike. FRELIMO won, under Joaquim Chissano, while RENAMO, led by <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Dhlakama" title="Afonso Dhlakama">Afonso Dhlakama</a>, ran as the official opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, Mozambique joined the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, becoming, at the time, the only member nation that had never been part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By mid-1995, over 1.7 million refugees who had sought asylum in neighbouring countries had returned to Mozambique, part of the largest repatriation witnessed in sub-Saharan Africa. An additional four million <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a> had returned to their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1999, Mozambique held elections for a second time since the civil war, which were again won by FRELIMO. RENAMO accused FRELIMO of fraud and threatened to return to civil war but backed down after taking the matter to the Supreme Court and losing.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2000, a cyclone caused <a href="/wiki/2000_Mozambique_flood" title="2000 Mozambique flood">widespread flooding</a>, killing hundreds and devastating the already precarious infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were widespread suspicions that foreign aid resources had been diverted by powerful leaders of FRELIMO. <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cardoso_(journalist)" title="Carlos Cardoso (journalist)">Carlos Cardoso</a>, a journalist investigating these allegations, was murdered,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his death was never satisfactorily explained.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indicating in 2001 that he would not run for a third term,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chissano criticised leaders who stayed on longer than he had, which was generally seen as a reference to Zambian President <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chiluba" title="Frederick Chiluba">Frederick Chiluba</a> and Zimbabwean President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on 1–2 December 2004. FRELIMO candidate <a href="/wiki/Armando_Guebuza" title="Armando Guebuza">Armando Guebuza</a> won<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 64% of the popular vote, and Dhlakama received 32% of the popular vote. FRELIMO won 160 seats in Parliament, with a coalition of RENAMO and several small parties winning the 90 remaining seats. Guebuza was inaugurated as the President of Mozambique on 2 February 2005<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served two five-year terms. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a>, became the fourth President of Mozambique on 15 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2013 to 2019, a low-intensity <a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013%E2%80%932021)" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)">insurgency by RENAMO</a> occurred, mainly in the country's central and northern regions. On 5 September 2014, Guebuza and Dhlakama signed the Accord on Cessation of Hostilities, which brought the military hostilities to a halt and allowed both parties to concentrate on the general elections to be held in October 2014. However, after the general elections, a new political crisis emerged. RENAMO did not recognise the validity of the election results and demanded the control of six provinces – Nampula, Niassa, Tete, Zambezia, Sofala, and Manica – where they claimed to have won a majority.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 12,000 refugees fled to <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Doctors Without Borders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that government forces had torched villages and carried out <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">sexual abuses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2019, President Filipe Nyusi was re-elected after a landslide victory in <a href="/wiki/2019_Mozambican_general_election" title="2019 Mozambican general election">general election</a>. FRELIMO won 184 seats, RENAMO got 60 seats and the MDM party received the remaining 6 seats in the National Assembly. Opposition did not accept the results because of allegations of fraud and irregularities. FRELIMO secured two-thirds majority in parliament which allowed FRELIMO to re-adjust the constitution without needing the agreement of the opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2017, the country has faced an <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">ongoing insurgency by Islamist groups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2020, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIL</a> insurgents captured and briefly occupied <a href="/wiki/Vamizi_Island" title="Vamizi Island">Vamizi Island</a> in the Indian Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2021, dozens of civilians were killed and 35,000 others were displaced after <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Islamist rebels seized</a> the city of <a href="/wiki/Palma,_Mozambique" title="Palma, Mozambique">Palma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2021, nearly 4,000 Mozambicans fled their villages after an intensification of jihadist attacks in <a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mozambique" title="Geography of Mozambique">Geography of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mozambique_sat.png/170px-Mozambique_sat.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mozambique_sat.png/255px-Mozambique_sat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mozambique_sat.png/340px-Mozambique_sat.png 2x" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image</figcaption></figure> <p>At 309,475 sq mi (801,537 km<sup>2</sup>), Mozambique is the world's 35th-largest country. Mozambique is located on the southeast coast of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and is bound by <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. Mozambique lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/10th_parallel_south" title="10th parallel south">10°</a> and <a href="/wiki/27th_parallel_south" title="27th parallel south">27°S</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/30th_meridian_east" title="30th meridian east">30°</a> and <a href="/wiki/41st_meridian_east" title="41st meridian east">41°E</a>. </p><p>The country is divided into two topographical regions by the Zambezi River. To the north of the Zambezi, the narrow coastal strip gives way to inland hills and low plateaus. Rugged highlands are further west; they include the Niassa highlands, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Namuli" title="Mount Namuli">Namuli</a> or Shire highlands, Angonia highlands, Tete highlands and the Makonde plateau, covered with <a href="/wiki/Miombo" title="Miombo">miombo</a> woodlands. To the south of the Zambezi, the lowlands are broader with the Mashonaland plateau and <a href="/wiki/Lebombo_Mountains" title="Lebombo Mountains">Lebombo Mountains</a> located in the deep south. </p><p>The country is drained by five principal rivers and several smaller ones with the largest and most important the Zambezi. The country has four notable lakes: <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Niassa</a> (or Malawi), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chiuta" title="Lake Chiuta">Lake Chiuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cahora_Bassa" title="Cahora Bassa">Cahora Bassa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Shirwa" title="Lake Shirwa">Lake Shirwa</a>, all in the north. The major cities are <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tete,_Mozambique" title="Tete, Mozambique">Tete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quelimane" title="Quelimane">Quelimane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chimoio" title="Chimoio">Chimoio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemba,_Mozambique" title="Pemba, Mozambique">Pemba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inhambane" title="Inhambane">Inhambane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xai-Xai" title="Xai-Xai">Xai-Xai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lichinga" title="Lichinga">Lichinga</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Mozambique">Climate of Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Mozambique" title="Climate change in Mozambique">Climate change in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg/290px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg/435px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg/580px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_MOZ_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Mozambique map of Köppen climate classification zones</figcaption></figure> <p>Mozambique has a tropical climate with two seasons: a <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> from October to March and a <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> from April to September. Climatic conditions, however, vary depending on altitude. Rainfall is heavy along the coast and decreases in the north and south. Annual precipitation varies from 500 to 900 mm (19.7 to 35.4 in) depending on the region, with an average of 590 mm (23.2 in). Cyclones are common during the wet season. Average temperature ranges in Maputo are from 13 to 24 °C (55.4 to 75.2 °F) in July and from 22 to 31 °C (71.6 to 87.8 °F) in February.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2019 Mozambique suffered floods and destruction from the devastating cyclones <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Idai" title="Cyclone Idai">Idai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Kenneth" title="Cyclone Kenneth">Kenneth</a>, the first time two cyclones had struck the nation in a single season.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thousands of crops were destroyed during the flooding, which causes transboundary animal diseases, and over 10 million people were affected throughout the region, according to the FAO's urgent campaign for southern Africa, which includes Malawi, Madagascar, and Mozambique. These countries have been experiencing climate disasters between January and March 2023 that have seriously affected various sectors, including farming, fisheries, and thousands of crops.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Mozambique" title="Wildlife of Mozambique">Wildlife of Mozambique</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Mozambique" title="Category:Flora of Mozambique">Category:Flora of Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_marine_molluscs_of_Mozambique" title="List of marine molluscs of Mozambique">List of marine molluscs of Mozambique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Mozambique" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Mozambique">List of non-marine molluscs of Mozambique</a></div> <p>There are known to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Mozambique" title="List of birds of Mozambique">740 bird species</a> in Mozambique, including 20 globally threatened species and two introduced species, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Mozambique" title="List of mammals of Mozambique">over 200 mammal species</a> endemic to Mozambique, including the critically endangered <a href="/wiki/Selous%27_zebra" title="Selous' zebra">Selous' zebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent%27s_bush_squirrel" title="Vincent's bush squirrel">Vincent's bush squirrel</a> and 13 other endangered or vulnerable species. </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Mozambique" title="List of protected areas of Mozambique">Protected areas</a> include thirteen forest reserves, seven national parks, six nature reserves, three frontier conservation areas and three wildlife or game reserves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mozambique" title="Politics of Mozambique">Politics of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filipe_Nyusi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Filipe_Nyusi.jpg/220px-Filipe_Nyusi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Filipe_Nyusi.jpg/330px-Filipe_Nyusi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Filipe_Nyusi.jpg/440px-Filipe_Nyusi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Former President <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg/220px-Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg/330px-Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg/440px-Conselho_Municipal_de_Maputo_frente.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maputo_City_Hall" title="Maputo City Hall">Maputo City Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mozambique" title="Constitution of Mozambique">Constitution of Mozambique</a> stipulates that the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Mozambique" title="List of presidents of Mozambique">President of the Republic</a> functions as the head of state, head of government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and as a symbol of national unity.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">directly elected</a> for a five-year term via run-off voting. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mozambique" title="List of prime ministers of Mozambique">prime minister</a> is appointed by the president. Their functions include convening and chairing the council of ministers (cabinet), advising the president, assisting the president in governing the country, and coordinating the functions of the other ministers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique">Assembly of the Republic</a> has 250 members, elected for a five-year term by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. The judiciary comprises a Supreme Court and provincial, district, and municipal courts. </p><p>Mozambique operates a small, functioning military that handles all aspects of domestic national defence, the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Defence_Armed_Forces" title="Mozambique Defence Armed Forces">Mozambique Defence Armed Forces</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Mozambique" title="Provinces of Mozambique">Provinces of Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Mozambique" title="Districts of Mozambique">Districts of Mozambique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Postos_of_Mozambique" title="Postos of Mozambique">Postos of Mozambique</a></div> <p>Mozambique is divided into ten provinces (<i>provincias</i>) and one capital city (<i>cidade capital</i>) with provincial status. The provinces are subdivided into 129 districts (<i>distritos</i>). The districts are further divided into 405 "<i>postos administrativos</i>" (administrative posts, headed by <i>secretários</i>) and then into <i>localidades</i> (localities), the lowest geographical level of the central state administration. There are 53 "<i>municípios</i>" (municipalities).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Delgado_Province" title="Cabo Delgado Province">Cabo Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tete_Province" title="Tete Province">Tete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manica_Province" title="Manica Province">Manica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofala_Province" title="Sofala Province">Sofala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Province" title="Gaza Province">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> (city)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo_Province" title="Maputo Province">Maputo</a></li></ol> </td> <td style="width:230px; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique,_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Mozambique with the province highlighted"><img alt="Map of Mozambique with the province highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg/170px-Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg/255px-Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg/340px-Mozambique%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored_2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1706" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mozambique" title="Foreign relations of Mozambique">Foreign relations of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_of_Mozambique,_Washington,_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/170px-Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/255px-Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/340px-Embassy_of_Mozambique%2C_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption>Mozambique's embassy in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>While allegiances dating back to the liberation struggle remain relevant, Mozambique's foreign policy has become increasingly pragmatic. The twin pillars of Mozambique's foreign policy are maintenance of good relations with its neighbours<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and maintenance and expansion of ties to development partners.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1970s and the early 1980s, Mozambique's foreign policy was inextricably linked to the struggles for majority rule in Rhodesia and South Africa as well as superpower competition and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozambique's decision to enforce UN sanctions against Rhodesia and deny that country access to the sea led <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a>'s government to undertake overt and covert actions to oppose the country. Although the change of government in Zimbabwe in 1980 removed this threat, the government of South Africa continued to destabilise Mozambique.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozambique also belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Frontline_States" title="Frontline States">Frontline States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1984 <a href="/wiki/Nkomati_Accord" title="Nkomati Accord">Nkomati Accord</a>, while failing in its goal of ending South African support to RENAMO, opened initial diplomatic contacts between the Mozambican and South African governments. This process gained momentum with South Africa's elimination of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, which culminated in the establishment of full diplomatic relations in October 1993. While relations with neighbouring Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania show occasional strains, Mozambique's ties to these countries remain strong.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the years immediately following its independence, Mozambique benefited from considerable assistance from some Western countries, notably the Scandinavians. The Soviet Union and its allies became Mozambique's primary economic, military and political supporters, and its foreign policy reflected this linkage. This began to change in 1983; in 1984 Mozambique joined the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. Western aid by the Scandinavian countries of Sweden, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> quickly replaced Soviet support.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> are becoming increasingly important sources of development assistance. Italy also maintains a profile in Mozambique as a result of its key role during the peace process. Relations with Portugal, the former colonial power, continue to be important because Portuguese investors play a visible role in Mozambique's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_meets_members_of_Indian_Community_in_Mozambique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1307" /></a><figcaption>Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> meets members of <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Indian community in Mozambique</a>, 7 July 2016.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mozambique is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> and ranks among the moderate members of the African bloc in the United Nations and other international organisations. Mozambique also belongs to the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a>. In 1994, the government became a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of the Islamic Conference</a>, in part to broaden its base of international support but also to please the country's sizeable Muslim population. Similarly, in 1995 Mozambique joined its Anglophone neighbours in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. At the time it was the only nation to have joined the Commonwealth that was never part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. In the same year, Mozambique became a founding member and the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> and maintains close ties with other Portuguese-speaking countries.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mozambique" title="Human rights in Mozambique">Human rights in Mozambique</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Mozambique" title="Human trafficking in Mozambique">Human trafficking in Mozambique</a></div> <p>Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, discrimination against <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mozambique">LGBT people</a> in Mozambique is widespread.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mozambique" title="Economy of Mozambique">Economy of Mozambique</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg/495px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg/660px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Historical development of real GDP per capita in Mozambique, since 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world, even though between 1994 and 2006 its average annual GDP growth was approximately 8%. Since 2014/15 household real consumption has decreased significantly and a sharp rise in <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> has been observed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/IMF" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a> classifies Mozambique as a <a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">heavily indebted poor country</a>. In a 2006 survey, three-quarters of Mozambicans said that in the past five years their economic position had remained the same or become worse.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozambique's official currency is the <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_metical" title="Mozambican metical">metical</a> (as of October 2023, US$1 is roughly equivalent to 64 meticals) The <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> are widely accepted and used in business transactions. The minimum legal salary is around US$60 per month. Mozambique is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC).<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SADC <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> protocol is aimed at making the Southern African region more competitive by eliminating <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">trade barriers</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in 2007 talked of Mozambique's 'blistering pace of economic growth'. A joint donor-government study in early 2007 said 'Mozambique is generally considered an aid success story.'<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebounding_growth">Rebounding growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rebounding growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate: the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery, achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8% between 1996 and 2006<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and between 6–7% from 2006 to 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-databank.worldbank.org_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-databank.worldbank.org-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rapid expansion in the future hinges on several major foreign investment projects, continued economic reform, and the revival of the agriculture, transportation, and tourism sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013 about 80% of the population was employed in agriculture, the majority of whom were engaged in small-scale subsistence farming<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which still suffered from inadequate infrastructure, commercial networks, and investment.<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2012, more than 90% of Mozambique's arable land was still <a href="/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage">uncultivated</a>. </p><p>In 2013, a BBC article reported that starting in 2009, the Portuguese had been returning to Mozambique because of the growing economy in Mozambique and the poor economic situation in Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_reforms">Economic reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economic reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 1,200 mostly small <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">state-owned enterprises</a> have been <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatised</a>. Preparations for privatisation and/or sector liberalisation were made for the remaining parastatal enterprises, including telecommunications, energy, ports, and railways. The government frequently selected a strategic foreign investor when privatising a parastatal. Additionally, customs duties have been reduced, and customs management has been streamlined and reformed. The government introduced a value-added tax in 1999 as part of its efforts to increase domestic revenues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg/220px-Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg/330px-Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg/440px-Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Traditional sailboat in <a href="/wiki/Ilha_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilha de Moçambique">Ilha de Moçambique</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mozambique's economy has been shaken by numerous corruption scandals. In July 2011, the government proposed new anti-corruption laws to criminalise embezzlement, influence peddling and <a href="/wiki/Graft_(politics)" title="Graft (politics)">graft</a>, following numerous instances of the theft of public money. This has been endorsed by the country's Council of Ministers. Mozambique convicted two former ministers for graft.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozambique was ranked 116 of 178 countries in anti-graft watchdog <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a>'s index of global corruption. According to a USAID report written in 2005, "the scale and scope of corruption in Mozambique are cause for alarm."<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the government of Inhambane province uncovered the misappropriation of public funds by the director of the Provincial Anti-Drugs Office, Calisto Alberto Tomo. He was found to have colluded with the accountant in the Anti-Drugs Office, Recalda Guambe, to steal over 260,000 meticais between 2008 and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of Mozambique has taken steps to address the problem of corruption, and some positive developments can be observed, such as the passages of several anti-corruption bills in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Natural resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Mozambique" title="Mineral industry of Mozambique">Mineral industry of Mozambique</a></div> <p>In 2010–2011, <a href="/wiki/Anadarko_Petroleum" title="Anadarko Petroleum">Anadarko Petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a> discovered the <a href="/wiki/Mamba_South_gas_field" title="Mamba South gas field">Mamba South gas field</a>, recoverable reserves of 4,200 billion cubic metres (150 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas in the <a href="/wiki/Ruvuma_River" title="Ruvuma River">Rovuma</a> Basin, off the coast of northern Cabo Delgado Province. Once developed, this could make Mozambique one of the largest producers of <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> in the world. In January 2017, 3 firms were selected by the government for the natural gas development projects in the Rovuma gas basin. GL Africa Energy (UK) was awarded one of the tenders. It plans to build and operate a 250 MW gas-powered plant.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production was scheduled to start in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozambique is now scheduled to begin exporting LNG globally in 2024. In 2019, developments in the Rovuma Basin, referred to as The Mozambique LNG Project, raised $19 billion from a consortium of investors to finally bring this LNG to market. The majority of the project and its associated operations have been awarded to the company, TotalEnergies.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mozambique" title="Tourism in Mozambique">Tourism in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg/220px-La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg/330px-La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg/440px-La_plage_aux_dunes_de_Dovela_-_2012-04-28_-_75154574.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>European tourists on the beach, in <a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a>, Mozambique</figcaption></figure> <p>The country's natural environment, wildlife, and historic heritage provide opportunities for beach, cultural, and <a href="/wiki/Eco-tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-tourism">eco-tourism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozambique has a great potential for growth in its gross domestic product (GDP).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The north beaches with clean water are suitable for tourism,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (July 2018)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> especially those that are very far from urban centres, such the Quirimbas Islands and the archipelago of Bazaruto.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Inhambane Province attracts international divers because of the marine biodiversity and the presence of <a href="/wiki/Whale_shark" title="Whale shark">whale sharks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manta_ray" title="Manta ray">manta rays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several national parks, including <a href="/wiki/Gorongosa_National_Park" title="Gorongosa National Park">Gorongosa National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mozambique" title="Transport in Mozambique">Transport in Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Mozambique">Rail transport in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg/220px-Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg/330px-Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg/440px-Steam_locomotive_Inhambane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2929" data-file-height="1947" /></a><figcaption>Steam locomotive at Inhambane, 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png/220px-LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png/330px-LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png/440px-LAM_Boeing_737-200Adv_C9-BAK_JNB_2005-12-2.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>The national Mozambican airline, <a href="/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines" title="LAM Mozambique Airlines">LAM Mozambique</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are over 30,000 km (19,000 mi) of roads, but much of the network is unpaved. Like its <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> neighbours, <a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">traffic circulates on the left</a>, in spite of having not been colonised by the British. There is an international airport at Maputo, 21 other paved airports, and over 100 airstrips with unpaved runways. There are 3,750 km of <a href="/wiki/Navigability" title="Navigability">navigable</a> inland waterways. There are rail links serving principal cities and connecting the country with Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa. </p><p>The Mozambican railway system developed over more than a century from three different ports on the coast that served as terminals for separate lines to the hinterland. The railroads were major targets during the Mozambican Civil War, were sabotaged by RENAMO, and are being rehabilitated. A <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">parastatal</a> authority, <i>Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique</i> (Mozambique Ports and Railways), oversees the railway system and its connected ports, but management has been largely outsourced. Each line has its own development corridor. </p><p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there were 3,123 km of railway track, consisting of 2,983 km of <a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,067 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">3 ft 6 in</span>) gauge, compatible with neighbouring rail systems, and a 140 km line of <a href="/wiki/2_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="2 ft 6 in gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">762 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">2 ft 6 in</span>) gauge, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Railway" title="Gaza Railway">Gaza Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central <a href="/wiki/Beira%E2%80%93Bulawayo_railway" title="Beira–Bulawayo railway">Beira–Bulawayo railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sena_railway" title="Sena railway">Sena railway</a> route links the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Beira" title="Port of Beira">port of Beira</a> to the landlocked countries of Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. To the north of this the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Nacala" title="Port of Nacala">port of Nacala</a> is also linked by <a href="/wiki/Nacala_railway" title="Nacala railway">Nacala rail</a> to Malawi, and to the south the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Maputo" title="Port of Maputo">port of Maputo</a> is connected by the <a href="/wiki/Limpopo_railway" title="Limpopo railway">Limpopo rail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Goba_railway" title="Goba railway">Goba rail</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pretoria%E2%80%93Maputo_railway" title="Pretoria–Maputo railway">Ressano Garcia rail</a> to Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa. These networks interconnect only via neighbouring countries. A new route for coal haulage between Tete and Beira was planned to come into service by 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in August 2010, Mozambique and <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> signed a memorandum of understanding to develop a 1,100 km railway through Zimbabwe, to carry coal from <a href="/wiki/Serule" title="Serule">Serule</a> in Botswana to a deepwater port at <a href="/wiki/Techobanine" title="Techobanine">Techobanine</a> Point.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newer rolling stock has been supplied by the Indian <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rock_Railway_Workshop" title="Golden Rock Railway Workshop">Golden Rock</a> workshop<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using <a href="/wiki/Janney_coupler" title="Janney coupler">Centre Buffer Couplers</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Railway_air_brake" title="Railway air brake">air brakes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply_and_sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Water supply and sanitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daily_struggle_for_water_(5400691444).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg/220px-Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg/330px-Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg/440px-Daily_struggle_for_water_%285400691444%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Woman fetching water during the dry season from a polluted source in Machaze District of the Central Manica Province</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Mozambique" title="Water supply and sanitation in Mozambique">Water supply and sanitation in Mozambique</a> is characterised by low levels of access to an <a href="/wiki/Improved_water_source" title="Improved water source">improved water source</a> (estimated to be 51% in 2011), low levels of access to adequate sanitation (estimated to be 25% in 2011) and mostly poor service quality. In 2007 the government defined a strategy for water supply and sanitation in rural areas, where 62% of the population lives. In urban areas, water is supplied by informal small-scale providers and by formal providers. </p><p>Beginning in 1998, Mozambique reformed the formal part of the urban water supply sector through the creation of an independent regulatory agency called CRA, an asset-holding company called FIPAG and a <a href="/wiki/Public-private_partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public-private partnership">public-private partnership</a> (PPP) with a company called Aguas de Moçambique.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PPP covered those areas of the capital and of four other cities that had access to formal water supply systems. However, the PPP ended when the management contracts for four cities expired in 2008 and when the foreign partner of the company that serves the capital under a lease contract withdrew in 2010, claiming heavy losses. While urban water supply has received considerable policy attention, the government has no strategy for urban sanitation yet. External donors finance about 87.4% of all public investments in the sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique" title="Demographics of Mozambique">Demographics of Mozambique</a></div> <p>The north-central provinces of Zambezia and Nampula are the most populous, with about 45% of the population. The estimated four million <a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makua</a> are the dominant group in the northern part of the country; the <a href="/wiki/Sena_people" title="Sena people">Sena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shona_people" title="Shona people">Shona</a> (mostly <a href="/wiki/Ndau_people" title="Ndau people">Ndau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manyika" class="mw-redirect" title="Manyika">Manyika</a>) are prominent in the Zambezi valley,<sup id="cite_ref-BilateralRelationsFactSheet_23-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BilateralRelationsFactSheet-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a> people dominate southern Mozambique. Other groups include <a href="/wiki/Makonde_people" title="Makonde people">Makonde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yao_people_(East_Africa)" title="Yao people (East Africa)">Yao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga_people_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chopi_people" title="Chopi people">Chopi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a>). <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> people comprise 97.8% of the population, with the rest made up of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambicans" title="Portuguese Mozambicans">Portuguese</a> ancestry, Euro-Africans (<a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples#Africa" title="Creole peoples"><i>mestiço</i></a> people of mixed Bantu and Portuguese ancestry), and Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly 45,000 people of <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Indian descent</a> reside in Mozambique.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Portuguese colonial rule, a large minority of people of Portuguese descent lived permanently in almost all areas of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mozambicans with <a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry#Portuguese_in_Africa" title="White Africans of European ancestry">Portuguese heritage</a> at the time of independence numbered about 360,000.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these left the country after independence from Portugal in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are various estimates for the size of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Mozambique" title="Ethnic Chinese in Mozambique">Mozambique's Chinese community</a>, ranging from 7,000 to 12,000 as of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISN_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISN-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2011 survey, the total fertility rate was 5.9 children per woman, with 6.6 in rural areas and 4.5 in urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Largest cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Mozambique</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">According to the 2017 Census<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique" title="List of cities in Mozambique">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Mozambique" title="Provinces of Mozambique">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique" title="List of cities in Mozambique">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Mozambique" title="Provinces of Mozambique">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique_by_population" title="List of cities in Mozambique by population">Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maputo"><img alt="Maputo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg/120px-Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg/180px-Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg/240px-Maputo_seen_from_southeast_-_October_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1973" data-file-height="1313" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Matola"><img alt="Matola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg/120px-Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg/180px-Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg/240px-Antigo_edif%C3%ADcio_do_Conselho_Municipal_da_Matola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="655" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Matola" title="Matola">Matola</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maputo_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Maputo City">Maputo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,080,277</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gur%C3%BA%C3%A8" title="Gurúè">Gurúè</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambézia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><i>210,000</i> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nampula_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nampula"><img alt="Nampula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nampula_Airport.jpg/120px-Nampula_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nampula_Airport.jpg/180px-Nampula_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nampula_Airport.jpg/240px-Nampula_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1047" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beira_center_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beira"><img alt="Beira" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Beira_center_2000.jpg/120px-Beira_center_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Beira_center_2000.jpg/180px-Beira_center_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Beira_center_2000.jpg/240px-Beira_center_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1008" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Matola" title="Matola">Matola</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maputo_Province" title="Maputo Province">Maputo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,032,197</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pemba,_Mozambique" title="Pemba, Mozambique">Pemba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Delgado_Province" title="Cabo Delgado Province">Cabo Delgado</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">201,846 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">663,212</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xai-Xai" title="Xai-Xai">Xai-Xai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Province" title="Gaza Province">Gaza</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">132,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sofala_Province" title="Sofala Province">Sofala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">592,090</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maxixe,_Mozambique" title="Maxixe, Mozambique">Maxixe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">123,868 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chimoio" title="Chimoio">Chimoio</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Manica_Province" title="Manica Province">Manica</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">363,336</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Angoche" title="Angoche">Angoche</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">89,998 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tete,_Mozambique" title="Tete, Mozambique">Tete</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tete_Province" title="Tete Province">Tete</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">307,338</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inhambane" title="Inhambane">Inhambane</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inhambane_Province" title="Inhambane Province">Inhambane</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">82,119 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Quelimane" title="Quelimane">Quelimane</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambézia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">246,915</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuamba" title="Cuamba">Cuamba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">79,013 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lichinga" title="Lichinga">Lichinga</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niassa_Province" title="Niassa Province">Niassa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">242,204</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Montepuez" title="Montepuez">Montepuez</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Delgado_Province" title="Cabo Delgado Province">Cabo Delgado</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">76,139 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mocuba" title="Mocuba">Mocuba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Province" title="Zambezia Province">Zambézia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><i>240,000</i></td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dondo,_Mozambique" title="Dondo, Mozambique">Dondo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sofala_Province" title="Sofala Province">Sofala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,817 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nacala" title="Nacala">Nacala</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">225,034</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moçambique (city)">Moçambique</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nampula_Province" title="Nampula Province">Nampula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,712 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mozambique" title="Languages of Mozambique">Languages of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mz_etnies.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mz_etnies.PNG/290px-Mz_etnies.PNG" decoding="async" width="290" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mz_etnies.PNG/435px-Mz_etnies.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mz_etnies.PNG/580px-Mz_etnies.PNG 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic map of Mozambique</figcaption></figure> <p>Portuguese is the official and most widely spoken language of the nation, spoken by 50.3% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, around 50% of Maputo speaks Portuguese as a native language.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bantu-group languages that are indigenous to the country vary greatly in their groupings and in some cases are rather poorly appreciated and documented.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from its lingua franca uses in the north of the country, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> is spoken in a small area of the coast next to the Tanzanian border; south of this, towards Moçambique Island, <a href="/wiki/Mwani_language" title="Mwani language">Kimwani</a>, regarded as a dialect of Swahili, is used. Immediately inland of the Swahili area, <a href="/wiki/Makonde_language" title="Makonde language">Makonde</a> is used, separated farther inland by a small strip of <a href="/wiki/Makhuwa_language" title="Makhuwa language">Makhuwa</a>-speaking territory from an area where <a href="/wiki/Yao_language" title="Yao language">Yao</a> or ChiYao is used. Makonde and Yao belong to a different group, Yao<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being very close to the <a href="/wiki/Mwera_language" title="Mwera language">Mwera language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rondo_Plateau" title="Rondo Plateau">Rondo Plateau</a> area in Tanzania.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prepositions appear in these languages as locative prefixes prefixed to the noun and declined according to their own noun-class. Some <a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Nyanja</a> is used at the coast of Lake Malawi, as well as on the other side of the Lake.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Somewhat different from all of these are the languages of the eMakhuwa group, with a loss of initial k-, which means that many nouns begin with a vowel: for example, <i>epula</i> = "rain".<sup id="cite_ref-r1_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is eMakhuwa proper, with the related <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_language" title="Lomwe language">eLomwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chuwabu_language" title="Chuwabu language">eChuwabo</a>, with a small <a href="/wiki/Koti_language" title="Koti language">eKoti</a>-speaking area at the coast. In an area straddling the lower Zambezi, <a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a>, which belongs to the same group as Nyanja, is spoken, with areas speaking the related CiNyungwe and CiSenga further upriver. </p><p>A large <a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a>-speaking area extends between the Zimbabwe border and the sea: this was formerly known as the Ndau variety<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but now uses the orthography of the Standard Shona of Zimbabwe. Apparently similar to Shona, but lacking the tone patterns of the Shona language, and regarded by its speakers as quite separate, is CiBalke, also called Rue or Barwe, used in a small area near the Zimbabwe border. South of this area are languages of the <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a> group. XiTswa or <a href="/wiki/Tswa_language" title="Tswa language">Tswa</a> occurs at the coast and inland, XiTsonga or Tsonga straddles the area around the Limpopo River, including such local dialects as XiHlanganu, XiN'walungu, XiBila, XiHlengwe, and XiDzonga. This language area extends into neighbouring South Africa. Still related to these, but distinct, are GiTonga, BiTonga, and CiCopi or <a href="/wiki/Chopi_language" title="Chopi language">Chopi</a>, spoken north of the mouth of the Limpopo, and XiRonga or <a href="/wiki/Ronga_language" title="Ronga language">Ronga</a>, spoken in the immediate region around Maputo. The languages in this group are, judging by the short vocabularies,<sup id="cite_ref-r1_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> very vaguely similar to Zulu, but obviously not in the same immediate group. There are small Swazi- and Zulu-speaking areas in Mozambique immediately next to the Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal borders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Religion in Mozambique</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg/190px-Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg/285px-Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg/380px-Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Maputo" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Maputo">Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Maputo</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesquita_Maputo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mesquita_Maputo.jpg/190px-Mesquita_Maputo.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mesquita_Maputo.jpg/285px-Mesquita_Maputo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mesquita_Maputo.jpg/380px-Mesquita_Maputo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A mosque in downtown Maputo</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The 2007 census found that Christians made up 59.2% of Mozambique's population, Muslims comprised 18.9% of the population, 7.3% of the people held other beliefs, mainly <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>, and 13.9% had no religious beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more recent government survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Demographic_and_Health_Surveys" title="Demographic and Health Surveys">Demographic and Health Surveys</a> program in 2015 indicated that Catholicism had increased to 30.5% of the population, Muslims constituted 19.3%, and various Protestant groups a total of 44%.<sup id="cite_ref-DHS_2015_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHS_2015-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to 2018 estimates from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_International_Religious_Freedom" title="United States Commission on International Religious Freedom">United States Commission on International Religious Freedom</a>, 28% of the population is Catholic, 18% are Muslim (mostly Sunni), 15% are <a href="/wiki/Zionist_churches" title="Zionist churches">Zionist Christians</a>, 12% are Protestants, 7% are members of other religious groups, and 18% have no religion.<sup id="cite_ref-IRFR_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRFR-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic Church has established twelve dioceses (Beira, Chimoio, Gurué, Inhambane, Lichinga, Maputo, Nacala, Nampula, Pemba, Quelimane, Tete,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Xai-Xai; archdioceses are <a href="/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique" title="Beira, Mozambique">Beira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a>). Statistics for the dioceses range from a low 5.8% Catholics in the population in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Chimoio" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Chimoio">Diocese of Chimoio</a>, to 32.50% in Quelimane diocese (Anuario catolico de Mocambique). Among the main Protestant denominations are <a href="/wiki/United_Baptist_Church_of_Mozambique" title="United Baptist Church of Mozambique">Igreja União Baptista de Moçambique</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Assembleias_de_Deus" title="Assembleias de Deus">Assembleias de Deus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Southern_Africa" title="Anglican Church of Southern Africa">Anglican Church of Southern Africa</a>, the Igreja do Evangelho Completo de Deus, the <a href="/wiki/Igreja_Metodista_Unida" title="Igreja Metodista Unida">Igreja Metodista Unida</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Igreja_Presbiteriana_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique">Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Igrejas_de_Cristo" title="Igrejas de Cristo">Igrejas de Cristo</a> and the Assembleia Evangélica de Deus. The work of Methodism in Mozambique started in 1890. Erwin Richards began a Methodist mission at Chicuque in Inhambane Province. The Igreja Metodista Unida em Moçambique (United Methodist Church in Mozambique) observed the 100th anniversary of Methodist presence in Mozambique in 1990. President Chissano praised the work and role of the UMC to more than 10,000 people who attended the ceremony. The United Methodist Church has tripled in size in Mozambique since 1998. There are more than 150,000 members in more than 180 congregations of the 24 districts. New pastors are ordained each year. New churches are chartered each year in each Annual Conference (north and south).<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> has established a growing presence. It first began sending missionaries to Mozambique in 1999, and, as of April 2015, has more than 7,943 members.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> has been present in Mozambique since the early 1950s but did not openly identify itself in those years because of the strong influence of the Catholic Church which did not recognise it officially as a world religion. The independence in 1975 saw the entrance of new pioneers. In total, there are about 3,000 declared Baháʼís as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. Muslims are particularly present in the north of the country. They are organised in several "<a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">tariqa</a>" or <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">brotherhoods</a>. Two national organisations also exist—the <i>Conselho Islâmico de Moçambique</i> and the <i>Congresso Islâmico de Moçambique</i>. There are also important Pakistani, Indian associations as well as some Shia communities. There is a very small but thriving Jewish community in Maputo.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Mozambique" title="Health in Mozambique">Health in Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg/290px-Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg/435px-Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg/580px-Number_of_patients_on_Anti_Retroviral_Treatment_in_Mozambique_2003-2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>The increase in the number of HIV positive Mozambicans on <a href="/wiki/Antiretroviral_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiretroviral drug">Antiretroviral treatment</a>, 2003–14</figcaption></figure> <p>The fertility rate is at about 5.5 births per woman. Public expenditure on health was at 2.7% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure on health was at 1.3% in the same year. Health expenditure per capita was 42 US$ (PPP) in 2004. In the early 21st century there were 3 physicians per 100,000 people in the country. <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a> was at 100 per 1,000 births in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-hdrstats.undp.org_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Mozambique is 550. This is compared with 598.8 in 2008 and 385 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births is 147 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5s mortality is 29. In Mozambique the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 3 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 37.<sup id="cite_ref-SOWMY_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOWMY-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">HIV prevalence</a> in 2011 was 11.5% of the population aged between 15 and 49 years. In the southern parts of Mozambique—Maputo and Gaza provinces as well as the city of Maputo—the official figures are more than twice as high as the national average. In 2011 the health authorities estimated about 1.7 million Mozambicans were HIV-positive, of whom 600,000 were in need of anti-retroviral treatment. As of December 2011, 240,000 were receiving such treatment, increasing to 416,000 in March 2014 according to the health authorities. </p><p>Mozambique has been experiencing high levels of acute food insecurity for years.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mozambique" title="Education in Mozambique">Education in Mozambique</a></div> <p>Portuguese is the primary language of instruction in all Mozambican schools. All Mozambicans are required by law to attend school through the primary level; however, a lot of children do not go to primary school because they have to work for their families' subsistence farms for a living. In 2007, one million children still did not go to school, most of them from poor rural families, and almost half of all teachers were unqualified. Girls enrollment increased from 3 million in 2002 to 4.1 million in 2006 while the completion rate increased from 31,000 to 90,000, which testified a very poor completion rate.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mozambique_school.jpg/220px-Mozambique_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mozambique_school.jpg/330px-Mozambique_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mozambique_school.jpg/440px-Mozambique_school.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>Students in front of their school in <a href="/wiki/Nampula" title="Nampula">Nampula</a>, Mozambique</figcaption></figure> <p>After grade 7, pupils must take standardised national exams to enter secondary school, which runs from eighth to 10th grade.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Space in Mozambican universities is extremely limited; thus most pupils who complete pre-university school do not immediately proceed on to university studies. Many go to work as teachers or are unemployed. There are also institutes that give more vocational training, specialising in agricultural, technical or pedagogical studies, which students may attend after grade 10 in lieu of a pre-university school. After independence from Portugal in 1975, a number of Mozambican pupils continued to be admitted every year at Portuguese high schools, polytechnical institutes and universities, through bilateral agreements between the Portuguese government and the Mozambican government. </p><p>According to 2010 estimates, the <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> was 56.1% (70.8% male and 42.8% female).<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2015, this had increased to 58.8% (73.3% male and 45.4% female).<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mozambique" title="Culture of Mozambique">Culture of Mozambique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozambique_-_mask.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mozambique_-_mask.jpg/170px-Mozambique_-_mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mozambique_-_mask.jpg/255px-Mozambique_-_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mozambique_-_mask.jpg/340px-Mozambique_-_mask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Woman with traditional mask in Mozambique</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_(33387901932).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg/220px-Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg/330px-Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg/440px-Museu_Da_Ilha_De_Mocambique_%2833387901932%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Mozambique" title="Island of Mozambique">Island of Mozambique</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure><p>Mozambique was ruled by Portugal, and they share a main language (Portuguese) and main religion (Roman Catholicism). But since most of the people of Mozambique are Bantus, most of the culture is native; for Bantus living in urban areas, there is some Portuguese influence. Mozambican culture also influences the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">Portuguese culture</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Makonde are known for their wood carving and elaborate masks, which are commonly used in traditional dances. There are two different kinds of wood carvings: <a href="/wiki/Shetani" title="Shetani">shetani</a>, (evil spirits), which are mostly carved in heavy <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, tall, and elegantly curved with symbols and nonrepresentational faces; and <a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">ujamaa</a>, which are totem-type carvings which illustrate lifelike faces of people and various figures. These sculptures are usually referred to as "family trees" because they tell stories of many generations. </p><p>During the last years of the colonial period, Mozambican art reflected the oppression by the colonial power and became a symbol of resistance. After independence in 1975, modern art came into a new phase. The two best known and most influential contemporary Mozambican artists are the painter <a href="/wiki/Malangatana_Ngwenya" title="Malangatana Ngwenya">Malangatana Ngwenya</a> and the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Chissano" title="Alberto Chissano">Alberto Chissano</a>. A lot of the post-independence art during the 1980s and 1990s reflect the political struggle, civil war, suffering, starvation, and struggle. </p><p>Dances are usually intricate, highly developed traditions throughout Mozambique. There are many different kinds of dances from tribe to tribe which are usually ritualistic in nature. The Chopi, for instance, act out battles dressed in animal skins. The men of Makua dress in colourful outfits and masks while dancing on stilts around the village for hours. Groups of women in the northern part of the country perform a traditional dance called <a href="/wiki/Tufo_(dance)" title="Tufo (dance)"><i>tufo</i></a>, to celebrate Islamic holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Music of Mozambique</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mozambique" title="Special:EditPage/Mozambique">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">music of Mozambique</a> serves many purposes, ranging from religious expression to traditional ceremonies. Musical instruments are usually handmade. Some of the instruments used in Mozambican musical expression include drums made of wood and animal skin; the <i>lupembe</i>, a woodwind instrument made from animal horns or wood; and the <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a>, which is a kind of xylophone native to Mozambique and other parts of Africa. The marimba is a popular instrument with the Chopi of the south-central coast, who are famous for their musical skill and dance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_(4106248049).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg/220px-Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg/330px-Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg/440px-Radio_Mo%C3%A7ambique_%284106248049%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of Rádio Moçambique in <a href="/wiki/KaMpfumo" title="KaMpfumo">KaMpfumo</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> (photo 2009)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Mozambique" title="Mass media in Mozambique">Mozambican media</a> is heavily influenced by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-salgado_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salgado-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newspapers have relatively low circulation rates because of high newspaper prices and low <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-salgado_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salgado-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the most highly circulated newspapers are state-controlled dailies, such as <i>Noticias</i> and <i>Diário de Moçambique</i>, and the weekly <i>Domingo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-eisa_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eisa-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their circulation is mostly confined to Maputo.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most funding and advertising revenue is given to pro-government newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-salgado_143-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salgado-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radio programmes are the most influential form of media in the country because of ease of access.<sup id="cite_ref-salgado_143-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salgado-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State-owned radio stations are more popular than privately owned media. This is exemplified by the government radio station, Rádio Moçambique, the most popular station in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-salgado_143-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salgado-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established shortly after Mozambique's independence.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The television stations watched by Mozambicans are STV, TIM, and <a href="/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Televisão de Moçambique">TVM</a>. Through cable and satellite, viewers can access tens of other African, Asian, Brazilian, and European channels.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Mozambique">Cuisine of Mozambique</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mozambique" title="Special:EditPage/Mozambique">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With a nearly 500-year presence in the country, the Portuguese have greatly influenced Mozambique's cuisine. Staples and crops such as <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> (a starchy root of Brazilian origin) and <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a> nuts (also of Brazilian origin, though Mozambique was once the largest producer of these nuts), and <i>pãozinho</i> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[pɐ̃wˈzĩɲu]</a></span>, Portuguese-style buns), were brought in by the Portuguese. The use of spices and seasonings such as <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">bay leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, fresh <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a>, garlic, onions, <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a>, red sweet peppers, and wine were introduced by the Portuguese, as were maize, potatoes, rice, and <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Espetada" title="Espetada">espetada</a></i>, the popular <i>inteiro com piripiri</i> (whole chicken in <a href="/wiki/Peri-peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri-peri">piri-piri</a> sauce), <i>prego</i> (steak roll), <i>pudim</i> (pudding), and <i>rissóis</i> (battered shrimp) are all Portuguese dishes commonly eaten in present-day Mozambique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_holidays">National holidays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: National holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Mozambique" title="Public holidays in Mozambique">Public holidays in Mozambique</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>National holiday designation</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 January</td> <td>Universal fraternity day</td> <td>New year </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 February</td> <td>Mozambican heroes day</td> <td>In tribute to <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Mondlane" title="Eduardo Mondlane">Eduardo Mondlane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 April</td> <td>Mozambican women day</td> <td>In tribute to <a href="/wiki/Josina_Machel" title="Josina Machel">Josina Machel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 May</td> <td>International workers day</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Day">Workers' Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 June</td> <td>National Independence day</td> <td>Independence proclamation in 1975 (from Portugal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 September</td> <td>Victory Day</td> <td>In tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Accord" title="Lusaka Accord">Lusaka Accord</a> signed in 1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 September</td> <td>National Liberation Armed Forces Day</td> <td>In tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">start of the armed fight for national liberation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 October</td> <td>Peace and Reconciliation</td> <td>In tribute to the General Peace Agreement signed in Rome in 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 December</td> <td>Family Day</td> <td>Christians also celebrate Christmas </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">futebol</i>) is the most popular sport in Mozambique. The national team is the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_national_football_team" title="Mozambique national football team">Mozambique national football team</a>. Track and field and basketball are also avidly followed in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">Roller hockey</a> is popular, and the best result for the national team was when they came in fourth at the <a href="/wiki/2011_FIRS_Men%27s_Roller_Hockey_World_Cup" title="2011 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup">2011 FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup</a>. The women's beach volleyball team finished 2nd at the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932020_CAVB_Beach_Volleyball_Continental_Cup" title="2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup">2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_national_cricket_team" title="Mozambique national cricket team">Mozambique national cricket team</a> represents the nation in <a href="/wiki/International_cricket" title="International cricket">international cricket</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mozambique-related_articles" title="Index of Mozambique-related articles">Index of Mozambique-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mozambique" title="Outline of Mozambique">Outline of Mozambique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes <a href="/wiki/Makua_people" title="Makua people">Makhuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lomwe_people" title="Lomwe people">Lomwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sena_people" title="Sena people">Sena</a>, and other African ethnic groups.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes those of Asian descent</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes Judaism, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baha’i</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/48\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Mozambique.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Moçambique</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[musɐ̃ˈbikɨ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Chichewa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichewa language">Chichewa</a>: <i lang="ny">Mozambiki</i>; <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>: <i lang="ts">Muzambhiki</i>; <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>: <i lang="sw">Msumbiji</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">República de Moçambique</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ðɨ<span class="wrap"> </span>musɐ̃ˈbikɨ]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2017_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190515170335/http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/mocambique/censo-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf/at_download/file">"Censo 2017 Brochura dos Resultados Definitivos do IV RGPH - Nacional"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/mocambique/censo-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf/at_download/file">the original</a> on 15 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+2017+Brochura+dos+Resultados+Definitivos+do+IV+RGPH+-+Nacional&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.gov.mz%2Fiv-rgph-2017%2Fmocambique%2Fcenso-2017-brochura-dos-resultados-definitivos-do-iv-rgph-nacional.pdf%2Fat_download%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=156c#IRFDEMOG">"National Profiles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301183431/https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=156c#IRFDEMOG">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives&rft.atitle=National+Profiles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2Fworld-religion%2Fnational-profiles%3Fu%3D156c%23IRFDEMOG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpL-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SpL_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNetoLobo2010" class="citation ssrn cs1">Neto, Octávio Amorim; Lobo, Marina Costa (2010). "Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries". <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1644026">1644026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Research+Network&rft.atitle=Between+Constitutional+Diffusion+and+Local+Politics%3A+Semi-Presidentialism+in+Portuguese-Speaking+Countries&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1644026%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Neto&rft.aufirst=Oct%C3%A1vio+Amorim&rft.au=Lobo%2C+Marina+Costa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShugart2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_S%C3%B8berg_Shugart" title="Matthew Søberg Shugart">Shugart, Matthew Søberg</a> (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf">"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies</i>. United States: University of California San Diego. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Graduate+School+of+International+Relations+and+Pacific+Studies&rft.atitle=Semi-Presidential+Systems%3A+Dual+Executive+and+Mixed+Authority+Patterns&rft.date=2005-09&rft.aulast=Shugart&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S%C3%B8berg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdss.ucsd.edu%2F~mshugart%2Fsemi-presidentialism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShugart2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_S%C3%B8berg_Shugart" title="Matthew Søberg Shugart">Shugart, Matthew Søberg</a> (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087">"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"</a>. <i>French Politics</i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">323–</span>351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087">10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73642272">73642272</a>. <q>Of the contemporary cases, only four provide the assembly majority an unrestricted right to vote no confidence, and of these, only two allow the president unrestricted authority to appoint the prime minister. These two, Mozambique and Namibia, as well as the Weimar Republic, thus resemble most closely the structure of authority depicted in the right panel of Figure 3, whereby the dual accountability of the cabinet to both the president and the assembly is maximized.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Politics&rft.atitle=Semi-Presidential+Systems%3A+Dual+Executive+And+Mixed+Authority+Patterns&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E323-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73642272%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shugart&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S%C3%B8berg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1057%252Fpalgrave.fp.8200087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/mozambique-population/">"Mozambique Population (2024) - Worldometer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231127053022/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/mozambique-population/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mozambique+Population+%282024%29+-+Worldometer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldometers.info%2Fworld-population%2Fmozambique-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.MZ-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.MZ_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=688,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newitt, M.D.D. "A Short History of Mozambique." Oxford University Press, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarlettaIbraimoSalvucciSarmento2022" class="citation book cs1">Barletta, Giulia; Ibraimo, Maimuna; Salvucci, Vincenzo; Sarmento, Enilde Francisco; Tarp, Finn (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/evolution-inequality-mozambique"><i>The evolution of inequality in Mozambique</i></a>. WIDER Working Paper. 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/mozambique/26477.htm">"Mozambique (07/02)"</a>. <i>U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets/Background Notes</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=Metallurgy+in+Tanzania&rft.aulast=Lyaya&rft.aufirst=Edwinus+Chrisantus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F304036090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinclair2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sinclair2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSinclairEkblomWood2012" class="citation journal cs1">Sinclair, Paul; Ekblom, Anneli; Wood, Marilee (2012). "Trade and Society on the Southeast African Coast in the Later First Millennium AD: the Case of Chibuene". <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>86</b> (333): <span class="nowrap">723–</span>737. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00047876">10.1017/S0003598X00047876</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:160887653">160887653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Trade+and+Society+on+the+Southeast+African+Coast+in+the+Later+First+Millennium+AD%3A+the+Case+of+Chibuene&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=333&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E723-%3C%2Fspan%3E737&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00047876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A160887653%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Ekblom%2C+Anneli&rft.au=Wood%2C+Marilee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRathee2021" class="citation journal cs1">Rathee, D. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2021605026">"Hunt for Oil in Offshore Angoche, Mozambique"</a>. <i>Fifth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum</i>. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3997%2F2214-4609.2021605026">10.3997/2214-4609.2021605026</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236669258">236669258</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fifth+EAGE+Eastern+Africa+Petroleum+Geoscience+Forum&rft.atitle=Hunt+for+Oil+in+Offshore+Angoche%2C+Mozambique&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3997%2F2214-4609.2021605026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A236669258%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rathee&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3997%2F2214-4609.2021605026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newitt, Malyn. "Mozambique Island: The Rise and Decline of an East African Coastal City" 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gupta-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gupta_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGupta2019" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, Pamila (2019). <i>Portuguese decolonization in the Indian Ocean world: History and ethnography</i>. London: Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781350043657" title="Special:BookSources/9781350043657"><bdi>9781350043657</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portuguese+decolonization+in+the+Indian+Ocean+world%3A+History+and+ethnography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781350043657&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Pamila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 27">: 27 </span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIsaacmanPeterson2006" class="citation book cs1">Isaacman, Allen; Peterson, Derek (2006). "Making the Chikunda: Military Slavery and Ethnicity in Southern Africa, 1750–1900". In Brown, Christopher Leslie; Morgan, Philip D. (eds.). <i>Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age</i>. Yale University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">95–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12987%2Fyale%2F9780300109009.003.0005">10.12987/yale/9780300109009.003.0005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13485-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13485-8"><bdi>978-0-300-13485-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Making+the+Chikunda%3A+Military+Slavery+and+Ethnicity+in+Southern+Africa%2C+1750%E2%80%931900&rft.btitle=Arming+Slaves%3A+From+Classical+Times+to+the+Modern+Age&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12987%2Fyale%2F9780300109009.003.0005&rft.isbn=978-0-300-13485-8&rft.aulast=Isaacman&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBmoz-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EBmoz_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBmoz_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBmoz_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheldonPenvenne" class="citation book cs1">Sheldon, Kathleen Eddy; Penvenne, Jeanne Marie. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Studies&rft.atitle=Mozambique+Island%3A+The+Rise+and+Decline+of+an+East+African+Coastal+City%2C+1500%E2%80%931700&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0267-5315&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245842110%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41105216%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fport.2004.0001&rft.aulast=Newitt&rft.aufirst=Malyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41105216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isaac2000-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Isaac2000_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIsaacman2000" class="citation journal cs1">Isaacman, Allen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA03790622_4">"Chikunda transfrontiersmen and transnational migrations in pre-colonial South Central Africa, c. 1850–1900"</a>. <i>Zambezia</i>. <b>27</b> (2): 109. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520%2FAJA03790622_4">10520/AJA03790622_4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518175519/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA03790622_4">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zambezia&rft.atitle=Chikunda+transfrontiersmen+and+transnational+migrations+in+pre-colonial+South+Central+Africa%2C+c.+1850%E2%80%931900&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10520%2FAJA03790622_4&rft.aulast=Isaacman&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10520%2FAJA03790622_4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAustin2010" class="citation journal cs1">Austin, Gareth (1 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/poldev/78">"African Economic Development and Colonial Legacies"</a>. <i>International Development Policy | Revue internationale de politique de développement</i> (1): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fpoldev.78">10.4000/poldev.78</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1663-9375">1663-9375</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121082142/https://journals.openedition.org/poldev/78">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Development+Policy+%7C+Revue+internationale+de+politique+de+d%C3%A9veloppement&rft.atitle=African+Economic+Development+and+Colonial+Legacies&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fpoldev.78&rft.issn=1663-9375&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fpoldev%2F78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Cambridge_history_of_Africa_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zywkdNMeltkC&pg=PA495&dq=chartered+companies+mozambique#PPA496,M1">The Cambridge history of Africa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214003714/https://books.google.com/books?id=zywkdNMeltkC&pg=PA495&dq=chartered+companies+mozambique#PPA496,M1">Archived</a> 14 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Cambridge history of Africa, John Donnelly Fage, A. D. Roberts, Roland Anthony Oliver, Edition: Cambridge University Press, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22505-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22505-1">0-521-22505-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22505-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22505-2">978-0-521-22505-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Third_Portuguese_Empire,_1825-1975_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LA28AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&dq=chartered+companies+mozambique">The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825–1975</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123044105/https://books.google.com/books?id=LA28AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&dq=chartered+companies+mozambique">Archived</a> 23 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825–1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism, W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bookofdaystales.com&rft.atitle=piri+piri+%7C+BOOK+OF+DAYS+TALES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookofdaystales.com%2Ftag%2Fpiri-piri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HegjL_5tD6o">"CD do Diário de Notícias – Parte 08"</a>. 8 July 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317125157/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HegjL_5tD6o">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CD+do+Di%C3%A1rio+de+Not%C3%ADcias+%E2%80%93+Parte+08&rft.date=2007-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHegjL_5tD6o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keesing's Contemporary Archives, page 27245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Couto, Mia (April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mondediplo.com/2004/04/15mozambique">Carnation revolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502222825/https://mondediplo.com/2004/04/15mozambique">Archived</a> 2 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Le Monde diplomatique</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mozambique: a tortuous road to democracy</i> by J .Cabrita, Macmillan 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92001-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92001-5">978-0-333-92001-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913229-1,00.html">Dismantling the Portuguese Empire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723130930/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913229-1,00.html">Archived</a> 23 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Time</i> (Monday, 7 July 1975).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pfeiffer._J._2003-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pfeiffer._J._2003_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer2003" class="citation journal cs1">Pfeiffer, J (2003). "International NGOs and primary health care in Mozambique: The need for a new model of collaboration". <i>Social Science & Medicine</i>. <b>56</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">725–</span>38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0277-9536%2802%2900068-0">10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00068-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12560007">12560007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=International+NGOs+and+primary+health+care+in+Mozambique%3A+The+need+for+a+new+model+of+collaboration&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E725-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0277-9536%2802%2900068-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12560007&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF">Table 14.1C Centi-Kilo Murdering States: Estimates, Sources and Calculations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172148/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF">Archived</a> 11 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. hawaii.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gersony 1988, p.30f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perlez, Jane (13 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/13/world/a-mozambique-formally-at-peace-is-bled-by-hunger-and-brutality.html">A Mozambique Formally at Peace Is Bled by Hunger and Brutality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326092019/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/13/world/a-mozambique-formally-at-peace-is-bled-by-hunger-and-brutality.html">Archived</a> 26 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communistcrimes.org/en/countries/mozambique">"Mozambique"</a>. <i>Mozambique | Communist Crimes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030143855/https://communistcrimes.org/en/countries/mozambique">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ashgate. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409472933" title="Special:BookSources/9781409472933"><bdi>9781409472933</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002207/https://books.google.com/books?id=WC3jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadcasting+on+the+Short+Waves%2C+1945+to+Today&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2008-10-24&rft.isbn=978-0786469024&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Jerome+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUx9fZj6izuEC%26pg%3DPA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mozambique/Cultural-institutions">"Mozambique – Cultural institutions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i>. 26 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026053343/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mozambique/Cultural-institutions">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Mozambique+%E2%80%93+Cultural+institutions&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMozambique%2FCultural-institutions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiablooms.com/sports-details/SN/11488/mozambique-defeat-hosts-uganda-in-olympic-qualifier-of-women-s-beach-volleyball.html">"Mozambique defeat hosts Uganda in Olympic qualifier of women's beach volleyball"</a>. <i>India Blooms News Service</i>. 11 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526121638/https://www.indiablooms.com/sports-details/SN/11488/mozambique-defeat-hosts-uganda-in-olympic-qualifier-of-women-s-beach-volleyball.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Blooms+News+Service&rft.atitle=Mozambique+defeat+hosts+Uganda+in+Olympic+qualifier+of+women%27s+beach+volleyball&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiablooms.com%2Fsports-details%2FSN%2F11488%2Fmozambique-defeat-hosts-uganda-in-olympic-qualifier-of-women-s-beach-volleyball.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozambique" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Abrahamsson, Hans, <i>Mozambique: The Troubled Transition, from Socialist Construction to Free Market Capitalism</i> London: Zed Books, 1995</li> <li>Bowen, Merle L., "The State against the Peasantry: Rural struggles in colonial and postcolonial Mozambique", Charlottesville & London, University Press of Virginia, 2000</li> <li>Cahen, Michel, <i>Les bandits: un historien au Mozambique</i>, Paris: Gulbenkian, 1994</li> <li>Fialho Feliciano, José, "Antropologia económca dos Thonga do sul de Moçambique", Maputo, Arquivo Histórico de Moçamique, 1998</li> <li>Gengenbach, Heidi, "Binding Memories: Women as Makers and Tellers of History in Magude, Mozambique". Columbia University Press, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg-e.org/geh01/main.html">Entire Text Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326060841/http://www.gutenberg-e.org/geh01/main.html">Archived</a> 26 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Mwakikagile, Godfrey, <i>Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent</i>, First Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-2-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-2-9">978-0-9802534-2-9</a></li> <li>Mwakikagile, Godfrey, <i>Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era</i>, Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2006, "Chapter Seven: "The Struggle for Mozambique: The Founding of FRELIMO in Tanzania," pp. 206–225, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9802534-1-2">978-0-9802534-1-2</a></li> <li>Morier-Genoud, Eric, Cahen, Michel and do Rosário, Domingos M. (eds), <i>The War Within New Perspectives on the Civil War in Mozambique, 1976–1992</i> (Oxford: James Currey, 2018)</li> <li>Morier-Genoud, Eric, "Mozambique since 1989: Shaping democracy after Socialism" in A.R.Mustapha & L.Whitfield (eds), <i>Turning Points in African Democracy</i>, Oxford: James Currey, 2008, pp. 153–166.</li> <li>Newitt, Malyn, <i>A History of Mozambique</i> Indiana University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85065-172-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85065-172-8">1-85065-172-8</a></li> <li>Pitcher, Anne, <i>Transforming Mozambique: The politics of privatisation, 1975–2000</i> Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002</li> <li>Varia, "Religion in Mozambique", <i>LFM: Social sciences & Missions</i> No. 17, December 2005</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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/></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" class="extiw" title="c:Moçambique">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Mozambique" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Mozambique">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Mozambique">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Mozambique">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Mozambique">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Mozambique">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Mozambique" class="extiw" title="voy:Mozambique">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029" class="extiw" title="d:Q1029">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <p><b>Government:</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/">Republic of Mozambique</a> Official Government Portal</li></ul> <p><b>General information:</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/946981468287772139/Mozambique-then-and-now-an-atlas-of-socio-economic-statistics-1997-2007">Social Atlas</a> from <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13890416">Country Profile</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/">Mozambique</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081026035559/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/mozambique.htm">Mozambique</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Mozambique" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Mozambique">Wikimedia Atlas of Mozambique</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MZ">Key Development Forecasts for Mozambique</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/mozambique-population/">Mozambique Population Worldometer</a></li></ul> <p><b>Tourism:</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921074338/http://www.niassareserve.org/">Niassa Reserve</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>—Niassa National Reserve official website</li></ul> <p><b>Health:</b> </p> <ul><li>The State of the World's Midwifery – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_Mozambique_SoWMy_Profile.pdf">Mozambique Country Profile</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mozambique_articles575" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mozambique_topics" title="Template:Mozambique topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mozambique_topics" title="Template talk:Mozambique topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mozambique_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mozambique topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mozambique_articles575" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozambique</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mozambique-related_articles" title="Index of Mozambique-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mozambique" title="History of Mozambique">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mutapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mutapa">Mutapa kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Mozambique" title="List of colonial governors of Mozambique">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Company" title="Mozambique Company">Mozambique Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">War of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">Communist era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_General_Peace_Accords" title="Rome General Peace Accords">Rome General Peace Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_Mozambique" title="United Nations Operation in Mozambique">United Nations Operation (ONUMOZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Mozambique_flood" title="2000 Mozambique flood">2000 floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO_insurgency_(2013-2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="RENAMO insurgency (2013-2021)">RENAMO insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Islamist insurgency</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Mozambique" title="Coat of arms of Mozambique"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mozambique" title="Geography of Mozambique">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mozambique" title="List of cities in Mozambique">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Mozambique">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Mozambique" title="Districts of Mozambique">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Mozambique" title="List of ecoregions in Mozambique">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Mozambique" title="Category:Islands of Mozambique">Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Postos_of_Mozambique" title="Postos of Mozambique">Postos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Mozambique">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Mozambique" title="Provinces of Mozambique">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Mozambique" title="List of rivers of Mozambique">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Mozambique" title="Wildlife of Mozambique">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Mozambique" title="Politics of Mozambique">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mozambique" title="Elections in Mozambique">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Mozambique" title="Foreign relations of Mozambique">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_in_Mozambique" title="Category:Human rights in Mozambique">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mozambique">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Mozambique (page does not exist)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Defence_Armed_Forces" title="Mozambique Defence Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Mozambique)" title="Chief of General Staff (Mozambique)">Chief of General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Mozambique)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Mozambique" title="List of presidents of Mozambique">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mozambique" title="List of prime ministers of Mozambique">Prime minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Mozambique" title="List of political parties in Mozambique">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RENAMO" title="RENAMO">RENAMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FRELIMO" title="FRELIMO">FRELIMO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mozambique" title="Economy of Mozambique">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mozambique" title="Agriculture in Mozambique">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Mozambique" title="Mineral industry of Mozambique">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_in_Mozambique" title="Food security in Mozambique">Food security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_metical" title="Mozambican metical">Metical <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mozambique" title="Telecommunications in Mozambique">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mozambique" title="Tourism in Mozambique">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mozambique" title="Transport in Mozambique">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Mozambique" title="Category:Society of Mozambique">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1tria_Amada" title="Pátria Amada">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_marriage_in_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Child marriage in Mozambique (page does not exist)">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mozambique" title="Culture of Mozambique">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mozambique" title="Demographics of Mozambique">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mozambique" title="Education in Mozambique">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Mozambique" title="Emblem of Mozambique">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mozambique" title="Flag of Mozambique">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Mozambique" title="Human trafficking in Mozambique">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mozambique" title="Languages of Mozambique">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_literature" title="Mozambican literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Mozambique">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Mozambique" title="Polygamy in Mozambique">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Mozambique" title="Prostitution in Mozambique">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Mozambique" title="Public holidays in Mozambique">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Mozambique" title="Category:Sport in Mozambique">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Mozambique" title="Water supply and sanitation in Mozambique">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mozambique" title="Outline of Mozambique">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Mozambique-related_articles" title="Index of Mozambique-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mozambique" title="Category:Mozambique">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" 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title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template talk:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories bordering the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Ocean.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Indian Ocean"><img alt="Map of the Indian Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indian_Ocean.svg/100px-Indian_Ocean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indian_Ocean.svg/150px-Indian_Ocean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Indian_Ocean.svg/200px-Indian_Ocean.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">United Kingdom</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template talk:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaire_Mbuende" title="Kaire Mbuende">Kaire Mbuende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prega_Ramsamy" title="Prega Ramsamy">Prega Ramsamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaz_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Tomaz Salomão">Tomaz Salomão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Coordination_Conference" title="Southern African Development Coordination Conference">Southern African Development Coordination Conference <span style="font-size:85%;">(forerunner)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union <span style="font-size:85%;">(SACU)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Monetary_Area" title="Common Monetary Area">Common Monetary Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(CMA)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa <span style="font-size:85%;">(COMESA)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)298" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha" title="Hissein Brahim Taha">Hissein Brahim Taha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan-OIC relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Syria and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Syria and OIC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Countries<br />and territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Muslim<br />communities</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">International<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Declarations195" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)" title="Abuja Declaration (1989)">Abuja Declaration (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extraordinary748" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraordinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)">GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports">Imports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> As the "Turkish Cypriot State".</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Union350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Education,_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation" title="African Union Department of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation">Department of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Political_Affairs,_Peace_and_Security" title="African Union Department of Political Affairs, Peace and Security">Department of Political Affairs, Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union_Department_of_Infrastructure_and_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Union Department of Infrastructure and Energy (page does not exist)">Department of Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Health,_Humanitarian_Affairs_and_Social_Development" title="African Union Department of Health, Humanitarian Affairs and Social Development">Department of Health, Humanitarian Affairs and Social Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Agriculture" title="African Union Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Blue Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Department_of_Economic_Development,_Trade,_Tourism,_Industry,_Mining" title="African Union Department of Economic Development, Trade, Tourism, Industry, Mining">Department of Economic Development, Trade, Tourism, Industry, Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agencies_of_the_African_Union" title="Agencies of the African Union">Specialised agencies and institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Civil_Aviation_Commission" title="African Civil Aviation Commission">African Civil Aviation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Energy_Commission" title="African Energy Commission">African Energy Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afripol" title="Afripol">Afripol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Space_Agency" title="African Space Agency">African Space Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-African_Highway_network" title="Trans-African Highway network">Trans-African Highway network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Africa">Federal Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)675" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template talk:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)675" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Membership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_CPLP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/150px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/225px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/300px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Executive Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Flag of the CPLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPLP_Games" title="CPLP Games">CPLP Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries#CPLP_Summits" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">CPLP Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_CPLP_Summit" title="1st CPLP Summit">I – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_CPLP_Summit" title="2nd CPLP Summit">II – Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_CPLP_Summit" title="3rd CPLP Summit">III – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_CPLP_Summit" title="4th CPLP Summit">IV – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_CPLP_Summit" title="5th CPLP Summit">V – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_CPLP_Summit" title="6th CPLP Summit">VI – Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_CPLP_Summit" title="7th CPLP Summit">VII – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_CPLP_Summit" title="8th CPLP Summit">VIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_CPLP_Summit" title="9th CPLP Summit">IX – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_CPLP_Summit" title="10th CPLP Summit">X – Díli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_CPLP_Summit" title="11th CPLP Summit">XI – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_CPLP_Summit" title="12th CPLP Summit">XII – Ilha do Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – Bissau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Portuguese literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone_music" title="Lusophone music">Lusophone music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACOLOP" title="ACOLOP">ACOLOP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lusophony_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophony Games">Lusophony Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Portuguese is an official language">Countries with Portuguese as an official language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_organisations_which_have_Portuguese_as_an_official_language" title="List of international organisations which have Portuguese as an official language">International organizations with Portuguese as an official languages</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Category:Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a><br />(members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3218" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3218" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4039786-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81082759">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864900c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864900c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567881">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35741694">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mosambik"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130100&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452560">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/101780">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99010358">Norway</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98068159">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000141993&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftwvqh11khjtp0">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531805305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/325ce9a0-d58f-3564-b24e-647b33098767">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07080314?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/2ef207f0-e443-44f4-91fc-5e2fd9c71354">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1066470">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/j08Uxj94">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026392925">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003458">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038399">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10047088">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mozambik">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mozambique&params=18_15_S_35_00_E_type:country_region:MZ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°15′S</span> <span class="longitude">35°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.250°S 35.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-18.250; 35.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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