CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2ffe749c-637a-47ac-90e9-63351aac8404","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition","wgTitle":"Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition","wgCurRevisionId":1245014560,"wgRevisionId":1245014560,"wgArticleId":78200,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","19th century in the Arctic","Arctic expeditions","1872 in Austria-Hungary","History of Franz Josef Land"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition","wgRelevantArticleId":78200,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q298912","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="903"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="602"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG/640px-Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="481"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition rootpage-Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Austro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Austro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Austro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Austro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Preparations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Preparations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Team" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Team"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Team</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Team-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Journey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Memory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="البعثة الاستكشافية القطبية النمساوية المجرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البعثة الاستكشافية القطبية النمساوية المجرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedici%C3%B3_austrohongaresa_al_Pol_Nord" title="Expedició austrohongaresa al Pol Nord – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Expedició austrohongaresa al Pol Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakousko-uhersk%C3%A1_expedice_k_severn%C3%ADmu_p%C3%B3lu" title="Rakousko-uherská expedice k severnímu pólu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rakousko-uherská expedice k severnímu pólu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98strig-ungarske_Nordpolsekspedition_1872%E2%80%9374" title="Østrig-ungarske Nordpolsekspedition 1872–74 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Østrig-ungarske Nordpolsekspedition 1872–74" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreichisch-Ungarische_Nordpolexpedition" title="Österreichisch-Ungarische Nordpolexpedition – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Österreichisch-Ungarische Nordpolexpedition" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedici%C3%B3n_austroh%C3%BAngara_al_Polo_Norte" title="Expedición austrohúngara al Polo Norte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Expedición austrohúngara al Polo Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_austro-hongroise_au_p%C3%B4le_Nord" title="Expédition austro-hongroise au pôle Nord – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Expédition austro-hongroise au pôle Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8-%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BE" title="Ավստրո-Հունգարական բևեռային գիտարշավ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավստրո-Հունգարական բևեռային գիտարշավ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spedizione_austro-ungarica_al_polo_nord" title="Spedizione austro-ungarica al polo nord – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spedizione austro-ungarica al polo nord" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osztr%C3%A1k%E2%80%93magyar_%C3%A9szaki-sarki_exped%C3%ADci%C3%B3" title="Osztrák–magyar északi-sarki expedíció – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Osztrák–magyar északi-sarki expedíció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostenrijks-Hongaarse_Noordpoolexpeditie" title="Oostenrijks-Hongaarse Noordpoolexpeditie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oostenrijks-Hongaarse Noordpoolexpeditie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-w%C4%99gierska_wyprawa_na_biegun_p%C3%B3%C5%82nocny" title="Austro-węgierska wyprawa na biegun północny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Austro-węgierska wyprawa na biegun północny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_austro-h%C3%BAngara_ao_Polo_Norte" title="Expedição austro-húngara ao Polo Norte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Expedição austro-húngara ao Polo Norte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австро-Венгерская полярная экспедиция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Австро-Венгерская полярная экспедиция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Австро-Угорська полярна експедиція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Австро-Угорська полярна експедиція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q298912#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&oldid=1245014560" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&id=1245014560&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAustro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAustro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_Expedition" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q298912" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1872-74 Arctic expedition to find the North-East Passage</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG/250px-Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG/375px-Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG/500px-Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Location of the Franz Josef Archipelago</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> expedition to find the <a href="/wiki/North-East_Passage" class="mw-redirect" title="North-East Passage">North-East Passage</a> that ran from 1872 to 1874 under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Julius Payer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht" title="Karl Weyprecht">Karl Weyprecht</a>. The expedition discovered and partially explored <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Land" title="Franz Josef Land">Franz Josef Land</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition was largely an initiative of the geographer <a href="/wiki/August_Petermann" class="mw-redirect" title="August Petermann">August Petermann</a>, who was a proponent of a navigable northern Arctic Sea. Petermann had previously been involved in the <a href="/wiki/German_North_Polar_Expedition" title="German North Polar Expedition">German North Pole expeditions</a> of 1868–1870, which had failed to find navigable paths on the east coast of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>. Petermann then advocated for probing the area between <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Zemlya" title="Novaya Zemlya">Novaya Zemlya</a>, which he assumed would be less obstructed by ice due to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr201197_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr201197-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitsbergen_1872,_by_Austrian_photographer_Wilhelm_Burger_(1844-1920).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Spitsbergen_1872%2C_by_Austrian_photographer_Wilhelm_Burger_%281844-1920%29.jpg/220px-Spitsbergen_1872%2C_by_Austrian_photographer_Wilhelm_Burger_%281844-1920%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Spitsbergen_1872%2C_by_Austrian_photographer_Wilhelm_Burger_%281844-1920%29.jpg/330px-Spitsbergen_1872%2C_by_Austrian_photographer_Wilhelm_Burger_%281844-1920%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Spitsbergen_1872%2C_by_Austrian_photographer_Wilhelm_Burger_%281844-1920%29.jpg/440px-Spitsbergen_1872%2C_by_Austrian_photographer_Wilhelm_Burger_%281844-1920%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="2960" /></a><figcaption>Sailing boat <i>Isbjörn</i> anchored in front of a glacier in <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>, 1872.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1871, a trial expedition took place. Weyprecht and Payer were put in charge. They chartered the Norwegian schooner <i>Isbjørn</i> and hired captain <a href="/wiki/Johan_Kjeldsen" title="Johan Kjeldsen">Johan Kjeldsen</a> and a Norwegian crew in <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_(city)" title="Tromsø (city)">Tromsø</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr201198_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr201198-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Isbjørn</i> sailed to the east coast of Svalbard, in hopes of reaching <a href="/wiki/Kvit%C3%B8ya" title="Kvitøya">Gillis Land</a>. They found heavy sea ice however and were not able to advance from the coast of <a href="/wiki/Nordaustlandet" title="Nordaustlandet">Nordaustlandet</a>. To salvage the otherwise disappointing expedition, Weyprecht and Payer first conducted some exploration of the islands to the south, before sailing eastwards. Here they did find open water and managed to push far into the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a>. These observed favourable ice conditions justified sending the main expedition into the same direction the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After being dissatisfied with the Norwegians on the reconnaissance voyage with <i>Isbjørn</i>, Weyprecht decided to use an <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> crew for the main expedition. It was also decided that a steam vessel would be essential.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr201199_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr201199-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plan">Plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The expedition's purpose was to explore the Arctic Ocean to the North of Russia and ideally to find the Northeast Passage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18751_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18751-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht187519_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht187519-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18762_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18762-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was to travel from Norway to the north coast of Novaya Zemlya and from there via the <a href="/wiki/New_Siberian_Islands" title="New Siberian Islands">New Siberian Islands</a> to America, all in 2.5 years. It was also hoped that the exploration of this area might discover land that could be used as a base for reaching the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> by sea.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing">Financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The total costs of 222,600 <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_florin" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian florin">florins</a> were covered mostly by private donations, many from Austro-Hungarian nobles. The main sponsor was <a href="/wiki/Count_Johann_Nepomuk_Wilczek" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek">Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek</a> who donated ƒ30,000. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Count_Franz_Salm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Count Franz Salm (page does not exist)">Count Franz Salm</a> (1819–1887) donated ƒ20,000. From government ministries and the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> the expedition received ƒ10,340 and ƒ10,000 from the crown.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further important patrons included <a href="/wiki/Zichy_family" title="Zichy family">Count Ödön Zichy</a> (1811–1894),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879XI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879XI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> banker <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_von_Ladenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig von Ladenburg (page does not exist)">Ludwig von Ladenburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Ladenburg" class="extiw" title="cs:Ludwig Ladenburg">cs</a>]</span> (1873–1877),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015443_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015443-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Rainer of Austria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015443_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015443-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Daublebsky_von_Sterneck" title="Maximilian Daublebsky von Sterneck">Baron Maximilian von Sterneck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879X_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879X-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ship">Ship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main ship was the <i>Tegetthoff</i>, named for the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Tegetthoff" title="Wilhelm von Tegetthoff">Wilhelm von Tegetthoff</a>, under whom Weyprecht had served. It was built for this expedition by Teklenborg & Beurmann in <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a>. It was a three-masted barkentine of 220 tons, 38.34 m long, with a 100 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">horsepower</a> (75 kW) steam engine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18763_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18763-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Count Wilczek personally chartered the sailing boat <i>Isbjørn</i> again, for laying an emergency depot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Team">Team</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Team"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The crew came from all over <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, especially from the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> coast, the primary recruiting area for the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Navy" title="Austro-Hungarian Navy">Austro-Hungarian Navy</a>. They communicated mainly in Italian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18764f_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18764f-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="width: 100%; align:top"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li>Karl Weyprecht – commander of the ship (from <a href="/wiki/Michelstadt" title="Michelstadt">Michelstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Hesse</a>)</li> <li>Julius Payer – leader of the land journeys (from <a href="/wiki/Teplice" title="Teplice">Teplice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Brosch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Brosch (page does not exist)">Gustav Brosch</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Brosch" class="extiw" title="cs:Gustav Brosch">cs</a>]</span> – 1st officer (from <a href="/wiki/Chomutov" title="Chomutov">Chomutov</a>, Bohemia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Orel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Orel (page does not exist)">Eduard Orel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Orel" class="extiw" title="de:Eduard Orel">de</a>]</span> – 2nd officer (from <a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%BD_Ji%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Nový Jičín">Nový Jičín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Moravia</a>)</li> <li>Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Kepes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Kepes (page does not exist)">Julius Kepes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepes_Gyula" class="extiw" title="hu:Kepes Gyula">hu</a>]</span> – ship's doctor (from <a href="/wiki/Vary,_Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Vary, Zakarpattia Oblast">Vary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elling_Carlsen" title="Elling Carlsen">Elling Carlsen</a> – ice pilot and harpooneer (from <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_(city)" title="Tromsø (city)">Tromsø</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>)</li> <li>Pietro Lusina – boatswain (from <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Fiume)" title="Corpus separatum (Fiume)">Rijeka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Krisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Krisch (page does not exist)">Otto Krisch</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Krisch" class="extiw" title="de:Otto Krisch">de</a>]</span> – mechanic and machinist (from <a href="/wiki/Pa%C4%8Dlavice" title="Pačlavice">Pačlavice</a>, Moravia)</li> <li>Antonio Vecerina – carpenter (from Draga near Rijeka)</li> <li>Josef Pospischil – stoker (from <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99erov" title="Přerov">Přerov</a>, Moravia)</li> <li>Johann Oratsch – cook (from <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Styria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Haller_(polar_explorer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Haller (polar explorer) (page does not exist)">Johann Haller</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Haller_(Polarforscher)" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Haller (Polarforscher)">de</a>]</span> – hunter and mountaineer (from the <a href="/wiki/Passeier_Valley" title="Passeier Valley">Passeier Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a>)</li> <li>Alexander Klotz – hunter and mountaineer (from the Passeier Valley, Tyrol)</li></ul> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%">Sailors: <ul><li>Antonio Zaninovich (from <a href="/wiki/Hvar" title="Hvar">Hvar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>)</li> <li>Antonio Catarinich (from <a href="/wiki/Lo%C5%A1inj" title="Lošinj">Lošinj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Istria" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Istria">Istria</a>)</li> <li>Antonio Scarpa (from <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Trieste</a>)</li> <li>Antonio Lukinovich (from <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%8D" title="Brač">Brač</a>, Dalmatia)</li> <li>Giuseppe Latkovich (from <a href="/wiki/Plomin" title="Plomin">Plomin</a>, Istria)</li> <li>Pietro Fallesich (from Rijeka)</li> <li>Giorgio Stiglich (from <a href="/wiki/Bakar,_Croatia" title="Bakar, Croatia">Bakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Croatia-Slavonia</a>)</li> <li>Vincenzio Palmich (from <a href="/wiki/Volosko" title="Volosko">Volosko</a>, Istria)</li> <li>Lorenzo Marola (from Rijeka)</li> <li>Francesco Lettis (from Volosko, Istria)</li> <li>Giacomo Sussich (from Volosko, Istria)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>They were accompanied by two dogs from <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Lappland</a> and six from <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18765_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18765-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as two cats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch187510_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch187510-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journey">Journey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Journey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XTegetthoff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/XTegetthoff.jpg/220px-XTegetthoff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/XTegetthoff.jpg/330px-XTegetthoff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/XTegetthoff.jpg/440px-XTegetthoff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Tegetthoff</i> trapped in the ice</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p_1874-43.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p_1874-43.JPG/220px-T%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p_1874-43.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p_1874-43.JPG/330px-T%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p_1874-43.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/T%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p_1874-43.JPG/440px-T%C3%A9rk%C3%A9p_1874-43.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1673" data-file-height="1661" /></a><figcaption>Route of the <i>Tegetthoff</i>, sledge expeditions, and return journey</figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 June 1872, the <i>Isbjørn</i> set sail from the Norwegian port of Tromsø with the goal of laying a supply depot at Cape Nassau on Novaya Zemlya. Aboard were Count Wilczek, Baron von Sterneck, and Johan Kjeldsen as captain. The <i>Tegetthoff</i> with her crew of 24 left Tromsø on 13 July 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18765_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18765-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two ships met near the Barents Islands off Novaya Zemlya, where the emergency depot was laid, in case <i>Tegetthoff'</i>s crew would need supplies on their way back. Having completed her mission, <i>Isbjørn</i> then returned to port.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tegetthoff</i> continued northward. At the end of August, she got locked in <a href="/wiki/Pack_ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack ice">pack ice</a> north of Novaya Zemlya and drifted to hitherto unknown polar regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18752,_6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18752,_6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For an extended period of time, the ship was under threat of being crushed by ice. The expedition members frequently prepared to abandon ship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch187530–34,_38,_46–49_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch187530–34,_38,_46–49-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 August 1873, after one year in the ice, the explorers discovered an archipelago which they named Franz Josef Land after Austro-Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187512_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187512-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tegetthoff</i> continued to drift until the end of October, when the ship came to a halt by an island in the southeast of Franz Josef Land. In November, several small trips were made to the newly named <a href="/wiki/Wilczek_Island" title="Wilczek Island">Wilczek Island</a>, before having to wait out the polar night for further exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011100_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011100-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1874, Weyprecht and Payer decided to abandon the ice-locked ship after completing sledge expeditions to explore the newly discovered lands. The first of these went to <a href="/wiki/Hall_Island_(Arctic)" title="Hall Island (Arctic)">Hall Island</a> where the expedition members climbed Cape Tegetthoff and Sonklar glacier. The temperature on the glacier fell as low as −50 °C (−58 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18758f_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18758f-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The day after the return of the sledge party, Otto Krisch, who had stayed at the ship, died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>. He had already reported suffering from chest pain in November 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch187536_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch187536-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Kepes later wrote that his symptoms had been worrying since April 1873. In February 1874, he had additionally contracted <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875112f_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875112f-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scurvy had also been a problem for other crew members but they were able to cure it with canned vegetables, lemon juice, wine, and polar bear meat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187682_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187682-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Krisch was buried in a crevice on Wilczek Island. The grave was sealed with a rock and fitted with a wooden cross.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875114f_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875114f-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second sledge trip took 27 days. During the trip, the men were always running the risk that the sea ice would shift or open up and that they would not be able to return to the ship. They followed the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Strait" title="Austrian Strait">Austrian Strait</a> to the north, Payer surveying at various points along the way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18759–12_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18759–12-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exploratory work meant that much of the eastern part of Franz Josef Land could be mapped. While crossing Middendorf Glacier on <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Island" title="Rudolf Island">Rudolf Island</a>, Zaninovich, together with the sled and dogs, fell into a <a href="/wiki/Crevasse" title="Crevasse">crevasse</a>. As an experienced alpinist, Haller was able to descend and rescue Zaninovich, the dogs, and the sledge with most of the equipment. They reached the northernmost point of Franz Josef Land, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Fligely" title="Cape Fligely">Cape Fligely</a> (<span class="nowrap">81° 51′ N</span>) on 12 April 1874. Payer believed to have seen land further north, which he called King Oscar Land and Petermann Land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011101_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011101-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third trip to <a href="/wiki/McClintock_Island" title="McClintock Island">McClintock Island</a> was conducted for additional surveying.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187517_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187517-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 May 1874, they left the ship and tried to reach Novaya Zemlya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876386_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876386-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They initially took three boats, each mounted on a sled, as well as provisions and equipment for 3–4 months on three additional sledges. Each sledge weighed about 820 kg (<span style="white-space: nowrap">1<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">800</span></span> lb). A small dog-sled was also employed. They proceeded by hauling the boat-sleds for some distance, then returning to retrieve the additional sledges.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011102_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011102-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group made very slow progress over ice full of <a href="/wiki/Hummock" title="Hummock">hummocks</a>, cracks, ridges, and <a href="/wiki/Polynya" title="Polynya">polynyas</a>. Only after eight days had they advanced out of sight of the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 July, they were unable to advance further and retreated to <a href="/wiki/Wilczek_Island#Lamont_Island" title="Wilczek Island">Lamont Island</a> which they had found on the way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104–106_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104–106-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weyprecht decided to briefly go back to the ship and retrieve a fourth boat while waiting for the ice conditions to improve. On 10 July, they continued southwards, sometimes hauling the sledges and sometimes rowing the boats across a polynya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011106–108_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011106–108-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weyprecht noted some complaints about Payer's behaviour in his diary, but was quite proud of how harmonious and loyal the men were.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011121_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011121-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Das_Verlassen_des_Eises_(gezeichnet_von_Eduard_Orel).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Das_Verlassen_des_Eises_%28gezeichnet_von_Eduard_Orel%29.jpg/220px-Das_Verlassen_des_Eises_%28gezeichnet_von_Eduard_Orel%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Das_Verlassen_des_Eises_%28gezeichnet_von_Eduard_Orel%29.jpg/330px-Das_Verlassen_des_Eises_%28gezeichnet_von_Eduard_Orel%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Das_Verlassen_des_Eises_%28gezeichnet_von_Eduard_Orel%29.jpg/440px-Das_Verlassen_des_Eises_%28gezeichnet_von_Eduard_Orel%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2243" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><i>Leaving the Ice</i>, drawn by Orel</figcaption></figure> <p>On 14 August 1874, the expedition reached the open sea. The two remaining dogs had to be shot as they became seasick and destabilised the boats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011118_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011118-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three days of rowing, they reached Novaya Zemlya. They aimed for the depot laid by Wilczek, but after accidentally rowing past it, decided to continue south and rely on the provisions they still had.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011119_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011119-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 August, the boats of the Austro-Hungarian expedition met with fishermen from the Russian schooner <i>Nikolai</i>, captained by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feodor_Voronin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feodor Voronin (page does not exist)">Feodor Voronin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Воронин, Фёдор Иванович">ru</a>]</span>. They were received warmly by the Russian sailors who were greatly impressed by the expedition's Russian <a href="/wiki/Ukase" title="Ukase">Ukase</a> containing instructions to aid them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876444_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876444-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weyprecht and Payer agreed with Voronin to deliver the expedition to <a href="/wiki/Vard%C3%B8_(town)" title="Vardø (town)">Vardø</a> in Northern Norway for 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>200 <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">silver rubles</a>, three expedition boats, and two <a href="/wiki/Pinfire_cartridge" title="Pinfire cartridge">Lefaucheux guns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876448_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876448-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reached Vardø on 3 September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187518f_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187518f-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expedition returned to Austria-Hungary by coastal steamer from Vardø and by train from Hamburg. On the journey they were met by crowds and invited to dinners hosted by local dignitaries and geographical societies in Norway, Sweden and Germany. They entered Vienna in triumph, welcomed, according to contemporary newspaper reports, by hundreds of thousands of people.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further festivities followed throughout Austria-Hungary as the individual explorers returned to their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Julius_Payer_Nie_zur%C3%BCck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Julius_Payer_Nie_zur%C3%BCck.jpg/220px-Julius_Payer_Nie_zur%C3%BCck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Julius_Payer_Nie_zur%C3%BCck.jpg/330px-Julius_Payer_Nie_zur%C3%BCck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Julius_Payer_Nie_zur%C3%BCck.jpg/440px-Julius_Payer_Nie_zur%C3%BCck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption><i>Never go back</i>, painted by Payer</figcaption></figure> <p>The expedition's discoveries and experiences made a significant contribution to polar science, especially the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_passage" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast passage">Northeast passage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld</a>. They also gave an impetus to <a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Years" class="mw-redirect" title="International Polar Years">International Polar Years</a>, meaning a shift from sports-like races of single expeditions to worldwide scientific cooperation in exploring the polar regions. </p><p>The expedition yielded various results in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geodesy" title="Geodesy">geodesy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, and sightings of <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Borealis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora Borealis">Aurora Borealis</a>. They were published by the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> in 1878. There is a book (<i>The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition 1872-74</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and paintings by Payer - probably the only paintings of a polar expedition created by the explorer himself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memory">Memory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Memory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2005_Austria_20_Euro_Admiral_Tegetthoff-The_Polar_Expedition_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/2005_Austria_20_Euro_Admiral_Tegetthoff-The_Polar_Expedition_back.jpg/160px-2005_Austria_20_Euro_Admiral_Tegetthoff-The_Polar_Expedition_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/2005_Austria_20_Euro_Admiral_Tegetthoff-The_Polar_Expedition_back.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Austria)#2005_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Austria)">The Admiral Tegetthoff Ship and The Polar Expedition commemorative coin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt" title="Wiener Neustadt">Wiener Neustadt</a> there are several streets and inns that are named after the North Pole, Payer, Weyprecht, Wilczek, and Krisch. Payer was knighted in 1876. </p><p>Impressed by the expedition, <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Strauss" title="Eduard Strauss">Eduard Strauss</a> composed the "Weyprecht Payer March" in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Russian scientist Vladimir Serov found a message in a bottle left by Weyprecht on Lamont Island. It is now held by the Austrian Academy of Sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expedition was selected as the main motif for the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Austria)#2005_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Austria)">Admiral Tegetthoff Ship and The Polar Expedition commemorative coin</a> minted on June 8, 2005. The reverse side of the coin shows two explorers in Arctic gear with the frozen ship behind them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr201197-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr201197_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr201198-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr201198_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCapelotti2013" class="citation book cs1">Capelotti, Peter Joseph (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.ucalgary.ca/books/9781552387054"><i>Shipwreck at Cape Flora: The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith</i></a>. University of Calgary Press. pp. 130–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-705-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-705-4"><bdi>978-1-55238-705-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shipwreck+at+Cape+Flora%3A+The+Expeditions+of+Benjamin+Leigh+Smith&rft.pages=130-134&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-55238-705-4&rft.aulast=Capelotti&rft.aufirst=Peter+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.ucalgary.ca%2Fbooks%2F9781552387054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr201199-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr201199_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18751-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18751_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1875">Payer 1875</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht187519-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht187519_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeyprecht1875">Weyprecht 1875</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18762-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18762_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeyprecht1871" class="citation journal cs1">Weyprecht, Carl (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=geo&datum=1871&size=45">"Bericht über die Polarexpedition an die kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften"</a>. <i>Mittheilungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Geographischen Gesellschaft</i>. <b>14</b>: 545–555<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mittheilungen+der+kaiserlich-k%C3%B6niglichen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Bericht+%C3%BCber+die+Polarexpedition+an+die+kaiserliche+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=545-555&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Weyprecht&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanno.onb.ac.at%2Fcgi-content%2Fanno-plus%3Faid%3Dgeo%26datum%3D1871%26size%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQW9Gps964kC&pg=RA27-PA19">"Rechnung der Nordpol-Expedition"</a>. <i>Volksblatt für Stadt und Land</i>. Vol. 5, no. 53. Vienna. 31 December 1874. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Volksblatt+f%C3%BCr+Stadt+und+Land&rft.atitle=Rechnung+der+Nordpol-Expedition&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1874-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFQW9Gps964kC%26pg%3DRA27-PA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879XI-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879XI_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeyprecht1879">Weyprecht 1879</a>, p. XI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015443-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015443_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015443_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchimanski_&_Spring2015">Schimanski & Spring 2015</a>, p. 443.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879X-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeyprecht1879X_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeyprecht1879">Weyprecht 1879</a>, p. X.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18763-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18763_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18764f-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18764f_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, pp. 4f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18765-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18765_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18765_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch187510-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch187510_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrisch1875">Krisch 1875</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndree1873" class="citation magazine cs1">Andree, Richard (30 August 1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10943885?page=392,393">"Deutsche Reisende der Gegenwart. VII. Graf Hans Wiltschek"</a>. <i>Daheim</i>. Vol. IX, no. 48. Leipzig: Velhagen & Klasing. pp. 764–766<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span> – via Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daheim&rft.atitle=Deutsche+Reisende+der+Gegenwart.+VII.+Graf+Hans+Wiltschek.&rft.volume=IX&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=764-766&rft.date=1873-08-30&rft.aulast=Andree&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fen%2Fview%2Fbsb10943885%3Fpage%3D392%2C393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18752,_6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18752,_6_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1875">Payer 1875</a>, pp. 2, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch187530–34,_38,_46–49-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch187530–34,_38,_46–49_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrisch1875">Krisch 1875</a>, pp. 30–34, 38, 46–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187512-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187512_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1875">Payer 1875</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011100-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011100_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18758f-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18758f_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1875">Payer 1875</a>, pp. 8f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch187536-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch187536_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrisch1875">Krisch 1875</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875112f-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875112f_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrisch1875">Krisch 1875</a>, pp. 112f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187682-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187682_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875114f-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrisch1875114f_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrisch1875">Krisch 1875</a>, pp. 114f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer18759–12-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer18759–12_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1875">Payer 1875</a>, pp. 9–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011101-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011101_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187517-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187517_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1875">Payer 1875</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876386-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876386_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011102-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011102_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104–106-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011104–106_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, pp. 104–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011106–108-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011106–108_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, pp. 106–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011121-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011121_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011118-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011118_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr2011119-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr2011119_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarr2011">Barr 2011</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876444-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876444_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876448-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876448_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>, p. 448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer187518f-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer187518f_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1875">Payer 1875</a>, pp. 18f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/page/1874-09-24/3.html?region=global">"The Austrian arctic expedition"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. 24 September 1874. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Austrian+arctic+expedition&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1874-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fpage%2F1874-09-24%2F3.html%3Fregion%3Dglobal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchimanski_&_Spring2015_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchimanski_&_Spring2015">Schimanski & Spring 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayer1876-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayer1876_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPayer1876">Payer 1876</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheet music <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bildsuche.digitale-sammlungen.de/index.html?c=viewer&bandnummer=bsb00067070&pimage=7&v=100&nav=&l=it">Weyprecht-Payer-Marsch</a> by Eduard Strauss (Op. 120) - via Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatis2018" class="citation book cs1">Matis, Herbert (12 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NK94DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153">"Dual Use Research: Kooperationen der k. k. Kriegsmarine und der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien"</a>. <i>Wandlungen und Brüche: Wissenschaftsgeschichte als politische Geschichte</i>. Vienna University Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783847009146" title="Special:BookSources/9783847009146"><bdi>9783847009146</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dual+Use+Research%3A+Kooperationen+der+k.+k.+Kriegsmarine+und+der+Kaiserlichen+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften+in+Wien&rft.btitle=Wandlungen+und+Br%C3%BCche%3A+Wissenschaftsgeschichte+als+politische+Geschichte&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Vienna+University+Press&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft.isbn=9783847009146&rft.aulast=Matis&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNK94DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayer1875" class="citation journal cs1">Payer, Julius (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1798702">"The Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition of 1872-4"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London</i>. <b>45</b>: 1–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1798702">10.2307/1798702</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1798702">1798702</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Austro-Hungarian+Polar+Expedition+of+1872-4&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=1875&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1798702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1798702%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Payer&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1798702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeyprecht1875" class="citation journal cs1">Weyprecht, Carl (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1798703">"Scientific Work of the Second Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition, 1872-4"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London</i>. <b>45</b>: 19–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1798703">10.2307/1798703</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1798703">1798703</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Scientific+Work+of+the+Second+Austro-Hungarian+Polar+Expedition%2C+1872-4&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=19-33&rft.date=1875&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1798703&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1798703%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Weyprecht&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1798703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrisch1875" class="citation book cs1">Krisch, Anton (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NTPXQwAACAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Tagebuch des Nordpolfahrers Otto Krisch</i></a> [<i>Diary of Polar Voyager Otto Krisch</i>]. Vienna: Josef Klemm.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tagebuch+des+Nordpolfahrers+Otto+Krisch&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=Josef+Klemm&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Krisch&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNTPXQwAACAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayer1876" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Payer, Julius</a> (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dieoesterreichis00paye"><i>Die österreichisch-ungarische Nordpol-Expedition in den Jahren 1872 - 1874 : nebst einer Skizze der zweiten deutschen Nordpol-Expedition 1869 - 1870 und der Polar-Expedition von 1871</i></a>. Vienna: Hölder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+%C3%B6sterreichisch-ungarische+Nordpol-Expedition+in+den+Jahren+1872+-+1874+%3A+nebst+einer+Skizze+der+zweiten+deutschen+Nordpol-Expedition+1869+-+1870+und+der+Polar-Expedition+von+1871&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=H%C3%B6lder&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Payer&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdieoesterreichis00paye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span> (English version: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151566">New Lands within the Arctic Circle</a>. Cambridge University Press.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeyprecht1879" class="citation book cs1">Weyprecht, Karl (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11392890-5"><i>Die Metamorphosen des Polareises. Österr.-Ung. Arktische Expedition 1872-1874</i></a> [<i>The Metamorphosis of Polar Ice. The Austro-Hungarian Polar Expedition of 1872–1874</i>]. Vienna: Moritz Perles.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Metamorphosen+des+Polareises.+%C3%96sterr.-Ung.+Arktische+Expedition+1872-1874&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=Moritz+Perles&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Weyprecht&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdz-nbn-resolving.de%2Furn%3Anbn%3Ade%3Abvb%3A12-bsb11392890-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, <i>Hundert Jahre Franz Josef's Land: Katalog einer Ausstellung im Prunksaal der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek (Vienna 1973).</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poeschek.at">Andreas Pöschek</a>: <i>Geheimnis Nordpol. Die Österreichisch-Ungarische Nordpolexpedition 1872-1874.</i> - Wien: 1999 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060721050614/http://www.poeschek.at/files/publications/expedition.pdf">download as PDF</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2011" class="citation journal cs1">Barr, William (2011). "The retreat from Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land]: the diary of Lieutenant Carl Weyprecht of the Austro-Hungarian north pole expedition, 20 May–3 September 1874". <i>Polar Record</i>. <b>47</b> (2): 97–125. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0032247409990568">10.1017/S0032247409990568</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130423104">130423104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polar+Record&rft.atitle=The+retreat+from+Zemlya+Frantsa-Iosifa+%5BFranz+Josef+Land%5D%3A+the+diary+of+Lieutenant+Carl+Weyprecht+of+the+Austro-Hungarian+north+pole+expedition%2C+20+May%E2%80%933+September+1874&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=97-125&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0032247409990568&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130423104%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimanski_&_Spring2015" class="citation book cs1">Schimanski, Johan; Spring, Ulrike (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cwG4DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4"><i>Passagiere des Eises. Polarhelden und arktische Diskurse 1874</i></a> [<i>Passengers of the Ice. Polar Heroes and Arctic Discourses 1874</i>]. Vienna: Böhlau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-205-79606-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-205-79606-0"><bdi>978-3-205-79606-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Passagiere+des+Eises.+Polarhelden+und+arktische+Diskurse+1874&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=B%C3%B6hlau&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-205-79606-0&rft.aulast=Schimanski&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft.au=Spring%2C+Ulrike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcwG4DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustro-Hungarian+North+Pole+expedition" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Ransmayr" title="Christoph Ransmayr">Christoph Ransmayr</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Terrors_of_Ice_and_Darkness" title="The Terrors of Ice and Darkness">The Terrors of Ice and Darkness</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istrianet.org/istria/navigation/sea/ships/navy/tegetthoff_1871/index.htm">The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition of 1872-74</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istrianet.org">istrianet.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polarhistorie.no/artikler/2008/Den%20osterriksk-ungarske%20polarekspedisjonen%201872-1874.html">Den østerriksk-ungarske polarekspedisjonen 1872-1874</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polarhistorie.no">polarhistorie.no</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russwien.weebly.com/arktis.html#">Ни за что обратно! или Чёртовы мячи для гольфа! или Самая северная гробница мира! / „Nie zurück!“ oder „Die Golfbälle des Teufels“ oder „Das nördlichste Grab der Welt“</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russwien.weebly.com">russwien.weebly.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paclavice.cz/index.phtml?go=obec&page=clanek&id=305">Deník Oty Kříže</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155323/http://www.paclavice.cz/index.phtml?go=obec&page=clanek&id=305">Archived</a> 2015-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paclavice.cz">paclavice.cz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weyprecht_Mountains" title="Weyprecht Mountains">Weyprecht Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payer_Mountains" title="Payer Mountains">Payer Mountains</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Franz_Josef_Land" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franz_Josef_Land" title="Template:Franz Josef Land"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franz_Josef_Land" title="Template talk:Franz Josef Land"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franz_Josef_Land" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franz Josef Land"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franz_Josef_Land" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Land" title="Franz Josef Land">Franz Josef Land</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Franz_Josef_Land" title="Geography of Franz Josef Land">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Strait" title="Austrian Strait">Austrian Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Channel" title="British Channel">British Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Bystrova" title="Cape Bystrova">Cape Bystrova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fligely" title="Cape Fligely">Cape Fligely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Kohlsaat" title="Cape Kohlsaat">Cape Kohlsaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Mary_Harmsworth" title="Cape Mary Harmsworth">Cape Mary Harmsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markham_Sound" title="Markham Sound">Markham Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Sea" title="Queen Victoria Sea">Queen Victoria Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Arctic_National_Park" title="Russian Arctic National Park">Russian Arctic National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Franz_Josef_Land" title="History of Franz Josef Land">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%E2%80%93Harmsworth_expedition" title="Jackson–Harmsworth expedition">Jackson–Harmsworth expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin-Ziegler_Polar_Expedition" title="Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition">Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegler_Polar_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziegler Polar expedition">Ziegler Polar expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratvaag_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Bratvaag expedition"><i>Bratvaag</i> expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malygin_(1912_icebreaker)" title="Malygin (1912 icebreaker)"><i>Malygin</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Island_(Russia)" title="Adelaide Island (Russia)">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Land" title="Alexandra Land">Alexandra Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alger_Island,_Russia" title="Alger Island, Russia">Alger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Island" title="Arthur Island">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becker_Island" title="Becker Island">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaya_Zemlya" title="Belaya Zemlya">Belaya Zemlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)" title="Bell Island (Franz Josef Land)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berghaus_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Berghaus Island">Berghaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)#Bliss_Island" title="Nansen Island (Franz Josef Land)">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brady_Island" title="Brady Island">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)#Brice_Island" title="Nansen Island (Franz Josef Land)">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)#Bromwich_Island" title="Nansen Island (Franz Josef Land)">Bromwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greely_Island#Brosch_Island" title="Greely Island">Brosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownian_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownian Islands">Brownian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)" title="Bruce Island (Franz Josef Land)">Bruce Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Island" title="Champ Island">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_Island#Eaton_Island" title="Hooker Island">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_Island#Etheridge_Islands" title="Hooker Island">Etheridge Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva-Liv_Island" title="Eva-Liv Island">Eva-Liv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeden_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeden Island">Freeden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ronciere_Island#Geddes_Island" title="La Ronciere Island">Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogenloe_Island" title="Gogenloe Island">Gogenloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Bell_Island" title="Graham Bell Island">Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greely_Island" title="Greely Island">Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Island_(Arctic)" title="Hall Island (Arctic)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Island" title="Harley Island">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Island" title="Hayes Island">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_Island#Hochstetter_Islands" title="Salm Island">Hochstetter Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofmann_Island" title="Hofmann Island">Hofmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_Island" title="Hooker Island">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Island" title="Jackson Island">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)#Jefferson_Island" title="Nansen Island (Franz Josef Land)">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_Island" title="Kane Island">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Alexander_Island" title="Karl-Alexander Island">Karl-Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koetlitz_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Koetlitz Island">Koetlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koldewey_Island" title="Koldewey Island">Koldewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhn_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)" title="Kuhn Island (Franz Josef Land)">Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ronciere_Island" title="La Ronciere Island">La Ronciere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilczek_Island#Lamont_Island" title="Wilczek Island">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh-Smith_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Leigh-Smith Island">Leigh-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Island" title="Luigi Island">Luigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_Island#Lütke_Island" title="Salm Island">Lütke Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)" title="Mabel Island (Franz Josef Land)">Mabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_Island#May_Island" title="Hooker Island">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McClintock_Island" title="McClintock Island">McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)" title="Nansen Island (Franz Josef Land)">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcomb Island">Newcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northbrook_Island" title="Northbrook Island">Northbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payer_Island" title="Payer Island">Payer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemlya_Georga" title="Zemlya Georga">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritchet_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritchet Island">Pritchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Querini_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Querini Island">Querini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Island" title="Rainer Island">Rainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_Island#Royal_Society_Island" title="Hooker Island">Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Island" title="Rudolf Island">Rudolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Island_(Russia)" title="Salisbury Island (Russia)">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_Island" title="Salm Island">Salm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nau_Island" title="Schönau Island">Schönau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_Island#Scott-Keltie_Island" title="Hooker Island">Scott-Keltie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt_Island" title="Wiener Neustadt Island">Wiener Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilczek_Island" title="Wilczek Island">Wilczek Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilczek_Land" title="Wilczek Land">Wilczek Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Island_(Franz_Josef_Land)#Wilton_Island" title="Nansen Island (Franz Josef Land)">Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zichy_Land" title="Zichy Land">Zichy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegler_Island" title="Ziegler Island">Ziegler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outposts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel_Observatory" title="Ernst Krenkel Observatory">Ernst Krenkel Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagurskoye_(air_base)" title="Nagurskoye (air base)">Nagurskoye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polar_exploration" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polar_exploration" title="Template:Polar exploration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polar_exploration" title="Template talk:Polar exploration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polar_exploration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polar exploration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polar_exploration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Polar_exploration" title="Polar exploration">Polar exploration</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">Arctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Ocean_*_History_*_Expeditions_*_Research_stations"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arctic_expeditions" title="List of Arctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_stations_in_the_Arctic" title="List of research stations in the Arctic">Research stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_North" title="Farthest North">Farthest North</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marmaduke" title="Thomas Marmaduke">Marmaduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Carolus" title="Joris Carolus">Carolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">North magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Israel_Hayes" title="Isaac Israel Hayes">Hayes</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polaris_expedition" title="Polaris expedition"><i>Polaris</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Polaris_(1871)" title="USS Polaris (1871)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">C. F. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bessels" title="Emil Bessels">Bessels</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Alert_(1856)" title="HMS Alert (1856)">HMS <i>Alert</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1874)" title="HMS Discovery (1874)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick_Stephenson" title="Henry Frederick Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hastings_Markham" title="Albert Hastings Markham">Markham</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lady_Franklin_Bay_Expedition" title="Lady Franklin Bay Expedition">Lady Franklin Bay Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Lockwood" title="James B. Lockwood">Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Brainard" title="David L. Brainard">Brainard</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Johansen" title="Hjalmar Johansen">Johansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Amedeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e%27s_Arctic_balloon_expedition" title="Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition">Andrée's balloon expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_August_Andr%C3%A9e" title="Salomon August Andrée">S. A. Andrée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">F. Cook</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/SS_Roosevelt_(1905)" title="SS Roosevelt (1905)">SS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henson" title="Matthew Henson">Henson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norge_(airship)" title="Norge (airship)"><i>Norge</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Nobile" title="Umberto Nobile">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen" title="Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen">Riiser-Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ellsworth" title="Lincoln Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italia_(airship)" title="Italia (airship)"><i>Italia</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_O-12_(SS-73)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS O-12 (SS-73)"><i><b>Nautilus</b></i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wilkins" title="Hubert Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Chkalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Baydukov" title="Georgy Baydukov">Baydukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasilyevich_Belyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov">Belyakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drifting_ice_station" title="Drifting ice station">Drifting ice stations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-1" title="North Pole-1">NP-1</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Papanin" title="Ivan Papanin">Papanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Shirshov" title="Pyotr Shirshov">Shirshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Fyodorov_(scientist)" title="Yevgeny Fyodorov (scientist)">E. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel" title="Ernst Krenkel">Krenkel</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-36" title="North Pole-36">NP-36</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-37" title="North Pole-37">NP-37</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgiy_Sedov_(1908_icebreaker)" title="Georgiy Sedov (1908 icebreaker)"><i>Georgiy Sedov</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Badygin" title="Konstantin Badygin">Badygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Skate_(SSN-578)" title="USS Skate (SSN-578)">USS <i>Skate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Plaisted" title="Ralph Plaisted">Plaisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Herbert" title="Wally Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_(1972_icebreaker)" title="Arktika (1972 icebreaker)">NS <i>Arktika</i></a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barneo" title="Barneo">Barneo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_2007" title="Arktika 2007">Arktika 2007</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i> submersibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Sagalevich" title="Anatoly Sagalevich">Sagalevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Chilingarov" title="Artur Chilingarov">Chilingarov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator" title="Brendan the Navigator">Brendan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Papar" title="Papar">Papar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Vikings</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddodd" title="Naddodd">Naddodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnbj%C3%B6rn_Ulfsson" title="Gunnbjörn Ulfsson">Gunnbjörn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6bj%C3%B6rn_galti" title="Snæbjörn galti">Snæbjörn galti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">Christian IV's expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(explorer)" title="James Hall (explorer)">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_(explorer)" title="John Cunningham (explorer)">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godske_Lindenov" title="Godske Lindenov">Lindenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Richardson" title="Carsten Richardson">C. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish colonization</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Egede</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby" title="William Scoresby">Scoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">G. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">M. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(explorer)" title="John Davis (explorer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(1602_ship)" title="Discovery (1602 ship)"><i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bylot" title="Robert Bylot">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baffin" title="William Baffin">Baffin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Munk" title="Jens Munk">Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(navigator)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)">I. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1774)" title="HMS Discovery (1774)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clerke" title="Charles Clerke">Clerke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Lyon" title="George Francis Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Fury_(1814)" title="HMS Fury (1814)">HMS <i>Fury</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkyns_Hoppner" title="Henry Parkyns Hoppner">Hoppner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coppermine_expedition" title="Coppermine expedition">Coppermine expedition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Back" title="George Back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Warren_Dease" title="Peter Warren Dease">Dease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_(explorer)" title="Thomas Simpson (explorer)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blossom_(1806)" title="HMS Blossom (1806)">HMS <i>Blossom</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Beechey</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Collinson" title="Richard Collinson">Collinson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rae%E2%80%93Richardson_Arctic_expedition" title="Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition">Rae–Richardson expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rae_(explorer)" title="John Rae (explorer)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">J. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Thomas_Austin" title="Horatio Thomas Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/McClure_Arctic_expedition" title="McClure Arctic expedition">McClure expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1848)" title="HMS Investigator (1848)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClure" title="Robert McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolute_(1850)" title="HMS Resolute (1850)">HMS <i>Resolute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kellett" title="Henry Kellett">Kellett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Belcher" title="Edward Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(explorer)" title="William Kennedy (explorer)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ren%C3%A9_Bellot" title="Joseph René Bellot">Bellot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_(1850_ship)" title="Isabel (1850 ship)"><i>Isabel</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield" title="Edward Augustus Inglefield">Inglefield</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Grinnell_expedition" title="Second Grinnell expedition">2nd Grinnell expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Advance_(1847)" title="USS Advance (1847)">USS <i>Advance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(ship)" title="Fox (ship)"><i>Fox</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_McClintock" title="Leopold McClintock">McClintock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">HMS <i>Pandora</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8a" title="Gjøa">Gjøa</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">Karluk</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhjalmur_Stefansson" title="Vilhjalmur Stefansson">Stefansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(explorer)" title="Robert Bartlett (explorer)">Bartlett</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Roch_(ship)" title="St. Roch (ship)"><i>St. Roch</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Larsen_(explorer)" title="Henry Larsen (explorer)">H. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott_Cowper" title="David Scott Cowper">Cowper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">North East Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Russian Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Willoughby" title="Hugh Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chancellor" title="Richard Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mangazeya" title="Mangazeya">Mangazeya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian Cossacks</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Perfilyev" title="Ilya Perfilyev">Perfilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Stadukhin" title="Mikhail Stadukhin">Stadukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Dezhnev" title="Semyon Dezhnev">Dezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedot_Alekseyevich_Popov" title="Fedot Alekseyevich Popov">Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbat_Ivanov" title="Kurbat Ivanov">Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkury_Vagin" title="Merkury Vagin">Vagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Permyakov" title="Yakov Permyakov">Permyakov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Bering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chirikov" title="Aleksei Chirikov">Chirikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Malygin" title="Stepan Malygin">Malygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ovtsyn" title="Dmitry Ovtsyn">Ovtsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Minin" title="Fyodor Minin">Minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronchishchev" title="Vasili Pronchishchev">V. Pronchishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pronchishcheva" title="Maria Pronchishcheva">M. Pronchishcheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Chelyuskin" title="Semyon Chelyuskin">Chelyuskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Kh. Laptev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">D. Laptev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chichagov" title="Vasily Chichagov">Chichagov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lyakhov" title="Ivan Lyakhov">Lyakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Billings" title="Joseph Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sannikov" title="Yakov Sannikov">Sannikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Gedenshtrom" title="Matvei Gedenshtrom">Gedenshtrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matyushkin" title="Fyodor Matyushkin">Matyushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Anjou" title="Pyotr Anjou">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Benjamin_von_L%C3%BCtke" title="Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke">Litke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lavrov" title="Mikhail Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pakhtusov" title="Pyotr Pakhtusov">Pakhtusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgust_Tsivolko" title="Avgust Tsivolko">Tsivolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">Middendorff</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austro-Hungarian Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht" title="Karl Weyprecht">Weyprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Payer</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vega_Expedition" title="Vega Expedition"><i>Vega</i> Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">A. E. Nordenskiöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Palander" title="Louis Palander">Palander</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">De Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">Melville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yermak_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Yermak (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Yermak</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Makarov" title="Stepan Makarov">Makarov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(polar_ship)" title="Zarya (polar ship)"><i>Zarya</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Toll" title="Eduard von Toll">Toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kolomeitsev" title="Nikolai Kolomeitsev">Kolomeitsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matisen" title="Fyodor Matisen">Matisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Kolchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rusanov_expedition" title="Rusanov expedition">Rusanov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Rusanov" title="Vladimir Rusanov">Rusanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kuchin" title="Alexander Kuchin">Kuchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_expedition" title="Brusilov expedition">Brusilov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Svyataya_Anna" title="Svyataya Anna">Sv. Anna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Brusilov" title="Georgy Brusilov">Brusilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Albanov" title="Valerian Albanov">Albanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Konrad" title="Alexander Konrad">Konrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nag%C3%B3rski" title="Jan Nagórski">Nagórski</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Taymyr</i></a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Vaygach (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Vaygach</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vilkitsky" title="Boris Vilkitsky">Vilkitsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maud_(ship)" title="Maud (ship)"><i>Maud</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arctic_and_Antarctic_Research_Institute" title="Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute">AARI</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Samoylovich" title="Rudolf Samoylovich">Samoylovich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Begichev" title="Nikifor Begichev">Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Urvantsev" title="Nikolay Urvantsev">Urvantsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadko_(1913_icebreaker)" title="Sadko (1913 icebreaker)"><i>Sadko</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Ushakov" title="Georgy Ushakov">Ushakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route" title="Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route">Glavsevmorput</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schmidt" title="Otto Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aviaarktika" title="Aviaarktika">Aviaarktika</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shevelev" title="Mark Shevelev">Shevelev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sibiryakov_(icebreaker)" title="A. Sibiryakov (icebreaker)"><i>A. Sibiryakov</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voronin_(captain)" title="Vladimir Voronin (captain)">Voronin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chelyuskin" title="SS Chelyuskin"><i>Chelyuskin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krassin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Krassin (1916 icebreaker)"><i>Krassin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Gakkel" title="Yakov Gakkel">Gakkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_icebreaker" title="Nuclear-powered icebreaker">Nuclear-powered icebreakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1957_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1957 icebreaker)"><i>Lenin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktika-class_icebreaker" title="Arktika-class icebreaker"><i>Arktika</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic exploration">Antarctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Continent_*_History_*_Expeditions"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antarctica" title="History of Antarctica">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions" title="List of Antarctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_la_Roch%C3%A9" title="Anthony de la Roché">Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier" title="Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier">Bouvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Joseph_de_Kerguelen-Tr%C3%A9marec" title="Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Telmo_(Spanish_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Telmo (Spanish ship)"><i>San Telmo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(sloop-of-war)" title="Vostok (sloop-of-war)"><i>Vostok</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Bellingshausen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirny_(sloop-of-war)" title="Mirny (sloop-of-war)"><i>Mirny</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lazarev" title="Mikhail Lazarev">Lazarev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bransfield" title="Edward Bransfield">Bransfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Palmer" title="Nathaniel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(sealer)" title="John Davis (sealer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Morrell" title="Benjamin Morrell">Morrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1811)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1811)"><i>Astrolabe</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Dumont d'Urville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition" title="United States Exploring Expedition">United States Exploring Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(1826)" title="USS Vincennes (1826)">USS <i>Vincennes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkes" title="Charles Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Porpoise_(1836)" title="USS Porpoise (1836)">USS <i>Porpoise</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Ringgold" title="Cadwalader Ringgold">Ringgold</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercator_Cooper" title="Mercator Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Challenger_expedition" title="Challenger expedition">Challenger expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(1858)" title="HMS Challenger (1858)">HMS <i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanographer)" title="John Murray (oceanographer)">Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">"</span><a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration" title="Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration">Heroic Age</a><span class="nobold">"</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RV_Belgica_(1884)" title="RV Belgica (1884)"><i>Belgica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lecointe_(explorer)" title="Georges Lecointe (explorer)">Lecointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski" title="Henryk Arctowski">Arctowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski" title="Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski">Dobrowolski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)" title="SS Southern Cross (1886)"><i>Southern Cross</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Hut" title="Discovery Hut">Discovery Hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gauss_expedition" title="Gauss expedition">Gauss</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(ship)" title="Gauss (ship)">Gauss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Drygalski" title="Erich von Drygalski">Drygalski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_(ship)" title="Antarctic (ship)"><i>Antarctic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld" title="Otto Nordenskjöld">O. Nordenskjöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Scottish National Antarctic Expedition">Scottish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Speirs_Bruce" title="William Speirs Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_(barque)" title="Scotia (barque)"><i>Scotia</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orcadas_Base" title="Orcadas Base">Orcadas Base</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(1867_ship)" title="Nimrod (1867 ship)">Nimrod</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Antarctic_Expedition" title="French Antarctic Expedition">French Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pourquoi-Pas_(1908)" title="Pourquoi-Pas (1908)"><i>Pourquoi-Pas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot" title="Jean-Baptiste Charcot">Charcot</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Japanese Antarctic Expedition">Japanese Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobu_Shirase" title="Nobu Shirase">Shirase</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Framheim" title="Framheim">Framheim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)"><i>Terra Nova</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Evans,_1st_Baron_Mountevans" title="Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans">E. R. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Crean_(explorer)" title="Tom Crean (explorer)">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lashly" title="William Lashly">Lashly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Filchner" title="Wilhelm Filchner">Filchner</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Australasian Antarctic Expedition">Australasian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SY_Aurora" title="SY Aurora">SY <i>Aurora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Party" title="Far Eastern Party">Far Eastern Party</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)"><i>Endurance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_the_James_Caird" title="Voyage of the James Caird"><i>James Caird</i></a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea_party" title="Ross Sea party">Ross Sea party</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackintosh" title="Aeneas Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shackleton%E2%80%93Rowett_Expedition" title="Shackleton–Rowett Expedition">Shackleton–Rowett Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(ship)" title="Quest (ship)"><i>Quest</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Year" title="International Polar Year">IPY</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">IGY</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">Modern research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition">BANZARE</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Graham_Land_expedition" title="British Graham Land expedition">BGLE</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rymill" title="John Rymill">Rymill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ritscher" title="Alfred Ritscher">Ritscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tabarin" title="Operation Tabarin">Operation Tabarin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Marr_(biologist)" title="James Marr (biologist)">Marr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Highjump" title="Operation Highjump">Operation Highjump</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Arturo_Prat_Base" title="Captain Arturo Prat Base">Captain Arturo Prat Base</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windmill" title="Operation Windmill">Operation Windmill</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ketchum" title="Gerald Ketchum">Ketchum</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronne_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition">Ronne Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finn_Ronne" title="Finn Ronne">F. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">E. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Schlossbach" title="Isaac Schlossbach">Schlossbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze" title="Operation Deep Freeze">Operation Deep Freeze</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Soviet Antarctic Expedition">Soviet Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition">1st</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Somov" title="Mikhail Somov">Somov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Klenova" title="Maria Klenova">Klenova</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirny_Station" title="Mirny Station">Mirny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">2nd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Tryoshnikov" title="Alexey Tryoshnikov">Tryoshnikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">3rd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Transglobe_Expedition" title="Transglobe Expedition">Transglobe Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Fiennes" title="Ranulph Fiennes">Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Burton" title="Charles R. Burton">Burton</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kapitsa" title="Andrey Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_South" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barne" title="Michael Barne">Barne</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Marshall" title="Eric Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Adams" title="Jameson Adams">Adams</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">South magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_David" title="Edgeworth David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Mackay" title="Alistair Mackay">Mackay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Bjaaland" title="Olav Bjaaland">Bjaaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmer_Hanssen" title="Helmer Hanssen">Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Hassel" title="Sverre Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Evans" title="Edgar Evans">E. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Oates" title="Lawrence Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Cherry-Garrard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernt_Balchen" title="Bernt Balchen">Balchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Chadbourne_McKinley" title="Ashley Chadbourne McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Dufek" title="George J. Dufek">Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott_South_Pole_Station" title="Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station">Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Cold" title="Pole of Cold">Pole of Cold</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_Station" title="Vostok Station">Vostok Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_inaccessibility" title="Pole of inaccessibility">Pole of inaccessibility</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Inaccessibility_research_station" title="Pole of Inaccessibility research station">Pole of Inaccessibility research station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_P._Crary" title="Albert P. Crary">Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arved_Fuchs" title="Arved Fuchs">A. Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298912#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298912#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298912#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129684683">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1409195/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2086627-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98063337">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3086946">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&oldid=1245014560">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&oldid=1245014560</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_the_Arctic" title="Category:19th century in the Arctic">19th century in the Arctic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arctic_expeditions" title="Category:Arctic expeditions">Arctic expeditions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1872_in_Austria-Hungary" title="Category:1872 in Austria-Hungary">1872 in Austria-Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Franz_Josef_Land" title="Category:History of Franz Josef Land">History of Franz Josef Land</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 September 2024, at 14:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6s8bw","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.709","walltime":"0.933","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6020,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":175936,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8094,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":77403,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 764.488 1 -total"," 38.03% 290.767 3 Template:Navbox"," 30.85% 235.881 1 Template:Polar_exploration"," 30.48% 232.993 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 16.94% 129.487 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.82% 120.978 40 Template:Sfn"," 13.51% 103.269 29 Template:Ship"," 11.85% 90.567 6 Template:Cite_book"," 9.81% 74.974 1 Template:Franz_Josef_Land"," 8.44% 64.506 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.404","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10734304,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAndree1873\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarr2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCapelotti2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrisch1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayer1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayer1876\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchimanski_\u0026amp;_Spring2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeyprecht1871\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeyprecht1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeyprecht1879\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Franz Josef Land\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 7,\n [\"Nobr\"] = 1,\n [\"Oa\"] = 1,\n [\"Polar exploration\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 40,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaces\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ppdsc","timestamp":"20241124151625","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q298912","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q298912","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-31T04:15:50Z","dateModified":"2024-09-10T14:40:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e2\/Kara_sea_ZFJ.PNG","headline":"1872\u201374 Arctic expedition to find the North-East Passage"}</script> </body> </html>