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Global Taiwan Institute | Policy Research and Programs

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elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24173 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-ccp tag-ccp-influence-operations tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-grey-zone-warfare tag-united-front"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10189" class="elementor elementor-10189 post-24173 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-ccp tag-ccp-influence-operations tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-grey-zone-warfare tag-united-front" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section data-dce-background-color="#213F4F00" class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a753418 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="a753418" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d77e1ae" data-id="d77e1ae" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8869da1 elementor-widget__width-inherit banner-post-title elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8869da1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-new-plan-for-fujian-as-a-model-zone-for-economic-integration-with-taiwan/">Beijing’s New Plan for Fujian as a Model Zone for Economic Integration with Taiwan</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fec8d7f elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fec8d7f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By: </div> </div> </div> <div class="dce-fix-background-loop elementor-element elementor-element-6508cf1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-acf-relation" data-id="6508cf1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">John Dotson</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e07bc2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt" data-id="6e07bc2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-excerpt.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> In September, the Chinese government released a new plan pertaining to efforts to make Fujian Province a model region for economic and social integration with Taiwan. The actual plan, although hyped up for propaganda purposes, appears to offer little in the ways of substantive inducements for Taiwan businesspeople. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea8b040" data-id="ea8b040" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b486c87 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="b486c87" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img width="552" height="477" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/china_feature.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-19173" alt="china feature" loading="lazy" 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data-settings="{&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.custom"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom" data-settings="{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;415f8570&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:2,&quot;theme_id&quot;:10208,&quot;change_url&quot;:false,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:false}"> <article id="post-24140" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24140 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10189" class="elementor elementor-10189 post-24140 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section data-dce-background-color="#213F4F00" class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a753418 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="a753418" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d77e1ae" data-id="d77e1ae" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8869da1 elementor-widget__width-inherit banner-post-title elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8869da1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/evolving-not-evading-the-philippines-national-security-policy-and-its-strategic-calculus-in-taiwan/">Evolving, Not Evading: The Philippines’ National Security Policy and Its Strategic Calculus in Taiwan</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fec8d7f elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fec8d7f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By: </div> </div> </div> <div class="dce-fix-background-loop elementor-element elementor-element-6508cf1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-acf-relation" data-id="6508cf1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">Joshua Bernard Espeña</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e07bc2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt" data-id="6e07bc2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-excerpt.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> For decades, the Philippines has affirmed Taiwan's geographical proximity, while remaining geopolitically distant. However, Manila’s latest National Security Policy demonstrates that its strategic calculus toward Taipei is evolving, potentially providing an opportunity for expanded Philippines-Taiwan ties. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea8b040" data-id="ea8b040" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b486c87 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="b486c87" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img width="522" height="477" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Feature-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-24224" alt="Philippines Taiwan Feature (1)" loading="lazy" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Feature-1.jpg 522w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Feature-1-300x274.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <div data-elementor-type="page" data-elementor-id="10211" class="elementor elementor-10211" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-inner"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3de7cd03 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" 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data-settings="{&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.custom"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom" data-settings="{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;fc9ba9f&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:2,&quot;theme_id&quot;:10211,&quot;change_url&quot;:false,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:false}"> <article id="post-24126" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24126 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10189" class="elementor elementor-10189 post-24126 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section data-dce-background-color="#213F4F00" class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a753418 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="a753418" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d77e1ae" data-id="d77e1ae" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8869da1 elementor-widget__width-inherit banner-post-title elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8869da1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/the-kmts-high-stakes-gamble-reaching-the-pinnacle-or-navigating-a-precipice/">The KMT&#8217;s High-Stakes Gamble: Reaching the Pinnacle or Navigating a Precipice?</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fec8d7f elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fec8d7f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By: </div> </div> </div> <div class="dce-fix-background-loop elementor-element elementor-element-6508cf1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-acf-relation" data-id="6508cf1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">Enescan Lorci</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e07bc2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt" data-id="6e07bc2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-excerpt.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> While Hou Yu-ih might appear to be a more moderate, electable candidate for the KMT, his lack of international recognition and failure to gain youth support could greatly undermine his chances in the 2024 election. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea8b040" data-id="ea8b040" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b486c87 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="b486c87" 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data-id="872b8f5" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:20,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.custom"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom" data-settings="{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;872b8f5&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:2,&quot;theme_id&quot;:2,&quot;change_url&quot;:false,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:false}"> <article id="post-24173" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24173 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-ccp tag-ccp-influence-operations tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-grey-zone-warfare tag-united-front"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10430" class="elementor elementor-10430 post-24173 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-ccp tag-ccp-influence-operations tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-grey-zone-warfare tag-united-front" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29bbe8 elementor-section-full_width recent-posts elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c29bbe8" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abb5c4c" data-id="abb5c4c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e744bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="e744bb7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-new-plan-for-fujian-as-a-model-zone-for-economic-integration-with-taiwan/"> <img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" width="768" height="267" 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data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">John Dotson</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a82d3fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="a82d3fb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-a0e26a8 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/04/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> October 4, 2023 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-295ebd7 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="295ebd7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-new-plan-for-fujian-as-a-model-zone-for-economic-integration-with-taiwan/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-new-plan-for-fujian-as-a-model-zone-for-economic-integration-with-taiwan/"> Continue Reading </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-24140" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24140 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10430" class="elementor elementor-10430 post-24140 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29bbe8 elementor-section-full_width recent-posts elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c29bbe8" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abb5c4c" data-id="abb5c4c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e744bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="e744bb7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/evolving-not-evading-the-philippines-national-security-policy-and-its-strategic-calculus-in-taiwan/"> <img decoding="async" width="768" height="267" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Masthead-768x267.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-24165" alt="Philippines Taiwan Masthead" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Masthead-768x267.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Masthead-300x104.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Masthead-1024x356.jpg 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Philippines-Taiwan_Masthead.jpg 1134w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd7730f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fd7730f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/evolving-not-evading-the-philippines-national-security-policy-and-its-strategic-calculus-in-taiwan/">Evolving, Not Evading: The Philippines’ National Security Policy and Its Strategic Calculus in Taiwan</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe814f5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fe814f5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By: </div> </div> </div> <div class="dce-fix-background-loop elementor-element elementor-element-d23d5c1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-acf-relation" data-id="d23d5c1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">Joshua Bernard Espeña</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a82d3fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="a82d3fb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-a0e26a8 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/04/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> October 4, 2023 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-295ebd7 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="295ebd7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/evolving-not-evading-the-philippines-national-security-policy-and-its-strategic-calculus-in-taiwan/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/evolving-not-evading-the-philippines-national-security-policy-and-its-strategic-calculus-in-taiwan/"> Continue Reading </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-24126" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24126 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10430" class="elementor elementor-10430 post-24126 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-2024-presidential-election tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-domestic-politics tag-kmt tag-taiwan" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29bbe8 elementor-section-full_width recent-posts elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c29bbe8" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abb5c4c" data-id="abb5c4c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e744bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="e744bb7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/the-kmts-high-stakes-gamble-reaching-the-pinnacle-or-navigating-a-precipice/"> <img decoding="async" width="768" height="267" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/politicalcampaign_masthead-768x267.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-23498" alt="politicalcampaign masthead" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/politicalcampaign_masthead-768x267.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/politicalcampaign_masthead-300x104.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/politicalcampaign_masthead-1024x356.jpg 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/politicalcampaign_masthead.jpg 1134w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd7730f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fd7730f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/the-kmts-high-stakes-gamble-reaching-the-pinnacle-or-navigating-a-precipice/">The KMT&#8217;s High-Stakes Gamble: Reaching the Pinnacle or Navigating a Precipice?</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe814f5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fe814f5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By: </div> </div> </div> <div class="dce-fix-background-loop elementor-element elementor-element-d23d5c1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-acf-relation" data-id="d23d5c1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">Enescan Lorci</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a82d3fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="a82d3fb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-a0e26a8 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/04/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> October 4, 2023 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-295ebd7 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="295ebd7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/the-kmts-high-stakes-gamble-reaching-the-pinnacle-or-navigating-a-precipice/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/the-kmts-high-stakes-gamble-reaching-the-pinnacle-or-navigating-a-precipice/"> Continue Reading </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-24150" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24150 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-grey-zone-warfare tag-philippines tag-south-china-sea tag-vietnam"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10430" class="elementor elementor-10430 post-24150 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-grey-zone-warfare tag-philippines tag-south-china-sea tag-vietnam" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29bbe8 elementor-section-full_width recent-posts elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c29bbe8" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abb5c4c" data-id="abb5c4c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e744bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="e744bb7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-aggressive-moves-in-the-south-china-sea-and-the-potential-for-a-taiwan-crisis/"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="768" height="267" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Defense3_Masthead-1-768x267.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-24153" alt="Defense3 Masthead (1)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Defense3_Masthead-1-768x267.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Defense3_Masthead-1-300x104.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Defense3_Masthead-1-1024x356.jpg 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Defense3_Masthead-1.jpg 1134w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd7730f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fd7730f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-aggressive-moves-in-the-south-china-sea-and-the-potential-for-a-taiwan-crisis/">Beijing’s Aggressive Moves in the South China Sea and the Potential for a Taiwan Crisis</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe814f5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fe814f5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By: </div> </div> </div> <div class="dce-fix-background-loop elementor-element elementor-element-d23d5c1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-acf-relation" data-id="d23d5c1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">Michael Mazza</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a82d3fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info" data-id="a82d3fb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-a0e26a8 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/04/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> October 4, 2023 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-295ebd7 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="295ebd7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-aggressive-moves-in-the-south-china-sea-and-the-potential-for-a-taiwan-crisis/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/10/beijings-aggressive-moves-in-the-south-china-sea-and-the-potential-for-a-taiwan-crisis/"> Continue Reading </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-24023" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-24023 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-china tag-chip-4 tag-defense tag-deterrence tag-semiconductors tag-south-korea 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elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e744bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="e744bb7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-and-south-korea-enhancing-their-engagement-as-chinese-aggression-intensifies/"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="768" height="267" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/TaiwanROK_Mast-768x267.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-22694" alt="TaiwanROK Mast" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/TaiwanROK_Mast-768x267.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/TaiwanROK_Mast-300x104.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/TaiwanROK_Mast-1024x356.jpg 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/TaiwanROK_Mast.jpg 1134w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd7730f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fd7730f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-and-south-korea-enhancing-their-engagement-as-chinese-aggression-intensifies/">Taiwan and South Korea 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data-widget_type="post-info.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-a0e26a8 elementor-inline-item" itemprop="datePublished"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/20/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date"> September 20, 2023 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-295ebd7 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="295ebd7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-and-south-korea-enhancing-their-engagement-as-chinese-aggression-intensifies/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-and-south-korea-enhancing-their-engagement-as-chinese-aggression-intensifies/"> Continue Reading </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-23975" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-23975 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-1679 category-featured-articles category-global-taiwan-brief tag-arms-trade tag-china tag-cross-strait-relations tag-defense-spending tag-deterrence 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elementor-element-abb5c4c" data-id="abb5c4c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e744bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="e744bb7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-announces-an-increased-defense-budget-for-2024/"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="768" height="267" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Defense4_Masthead-768x267.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-23989" alt="Defense4 Masthead" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Defense4_Masthead-768x267.jpg 768w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Defense4_Masthead-300x104.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Defense4_Masthead-1024x356.jpg 1024w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Defense4_Masthead.jpg 1134w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd7730f elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fd7730f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-announces-an-increased-defense-budget-for-2024/">Taiwan Announces an Increased Defense Budget for 2024</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe814f5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="fe814f5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By: </div> </div> </div> <div class="dce-fix-background-loop elementor-element elementor-element-d23d5c1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-acf-relation" data-id="d23d5c1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="dyncontel-acf-relation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="dce-acf-relationship-natural"><div class="elementor-heading-title">John Dotson</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element 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class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-announces-an-increased-defense-budget-for-2024/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/2023/09/taiwan-announces-an-increased-defense-budget-for-2024/"> Continue Reading </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5a2b676 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget__width-auto hover-underline text-center elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit 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elementor-bg" style="background-image: url(https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/report-cropped-0809-1024x395.png);" role="img" aria-label="report cropped 0809"></div> <div class="elementor-cta__bg-overlay"></div> </div> <div class="elementor-cta__content"> <h2 class="elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item"> Read our latest occasional report </h2> <div class="elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item"> Employing a narrative, case-study approach, this GTI research report is intended to provide an analysis of the narrative elements of “America Skepticism,” and to demonstrate how they function as part of a directed Chinese Communist Party information operations campaign intended to subvert not only the US-Taiwan relationship, but also the resilience of Taiwanese society to resist PRC coercive pressure for “reunification” on the PRC’s terms. </div> <div class="elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item "> <a class="elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-sm" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/OR_ASTAW0807FINAL.pdf"> Download as PDF </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-dce-background-color="#F7F7F7" class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf63e0f section-seminars elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cf63e0f" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element 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class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-befb135" data-id="befb135" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-56e31e9 elementor-grid-1 elementor-posts--align-center elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="56e31e9" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.custom"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom" data-settings="{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:1,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;56e31e9&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:2,&quot;theme_id&quot;:10550,&quot;change_url&quot;:false,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:false}"> <article id="post-18577" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18577 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2022-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-pelosi event_tags-pla event_tags-taiwan event_tags-united-states event_tags-xi-jinping"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10543" class="elementor elementor-10543 post-18577 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2022-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-pelosi event_tags-pla event_tags-taiwan event_tags-united-states event_tags-xi-jinping" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57658cc0 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="57658cc0" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-38766ac5" data-id="38766ac5" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4255d6fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4255d6fe" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/september-9-lessons-learned-from-the-aftermath-of-the-plas-august-2022-military-exercises/">September 9: Lessons Learned from the Aftermath of the PLA&#8217;s August 2022 Military Exercises</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-281e40f6 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle hover-underline elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="281e40f6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/september-9-lessons-learned-from-the-aftermath-of-the-plas-august-2022-military-exercises/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far 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elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6da3b2" data-id="f6da3b2" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fb23bfb elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget__width-auto hover-underline elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="fb23bfb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/public-seminar-series/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/public-seminar-series/"> View All Seminars </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dec37ba elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="dec37ba" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <p>Events focused on topics relating to Taiwan, Taiwan-US relations, cross-Strait relations, and Taiwan’s global policy. Seminars are free and open to the public.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-19a1127 elementor-grid-2 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="19a1127" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.custom"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom" data-settings="{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;19a1127&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:2,&quot;theme_id&quot;:2,&quot;change_url&quot;:false,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:false}"> <article id="post-18575" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18575 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2022-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-ccp event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-pelosi event_tags-pla event_tags-prc event_tags-taiwan event_tags-united-states event_tags-xi-jinping"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10506" class="elementor elementor-10506 post-18575 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2022-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-ccp event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-pelosi event_tags-pla event_tags-prc event_tags-taiwan event_tags-united-states event_tags-xi-jinping" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-695790c6 elementor-section-full_width recent-posts elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="695790c6" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-751c35c7" data-id="751c35c7" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6c205665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="6c205665" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-24-chinas-policies-toward-taiwan-in-the-wake-of-the-pelosi-visit/"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="358" height="200" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/EventFeature_Pelosi.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-18839" alt="EventFeature Pelosi" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/EventFeature_Pelosi.png 358w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/EventFeature_Pelosi-300x168.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a38c785 hover-underline elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a38c785" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-24-chinas-policies-toward-taiwan-in-the-wake-of-the-pelosi-visit/">August 24: China’s Policies Toward Taiwan in the Wake of the Pelosi Visit</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e13ac4 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1e13ac4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-24-chinas-policies-toward-taiwan-in-the-wake-of-the-pelosi-visit/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-24-chinas-policies-toward-taiwan-in-the-wake-of-the-pelosi-visit/"> Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-18567" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-18567 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2022-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-book-talk event_tags-ccp event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-strategy event_tags-taiwan event_tags-united-states event_tags-xi-jinping"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10506" class="elementor elementor-10506 post-18567 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2022-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-book-talk event_tags-ccp event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-strategy event_tags-taiwan event_tags-united-states event_tags-xi-jinping" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-695790c6 elementor-section-full_width recent-posts elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="695790c6" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-751c35c7" data-id="751c35c7" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6c205665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="6c205665" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/july-27-a-book-talk-with-ian-easton-on-the-final-struggle-inside-chinas-global-strategy/"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="358" height="200" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/EventFeature_BTEaston.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-18840" alt="EventFeature BTEaston" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/EventFeature_BTEaston.png 358w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/EventFeature_BTEaston-300x168.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px"/> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a38c785 hover-underline elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a38c785" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/july-27-a-book-talk-with-ian-easton-on-the-final-struggle-inside-chinas-global-strategy/">July 27: A Book Talk with Ian Easton on &#8220;The Final Struggle: Inside China&#8217;s Global Strategy&#8221;</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e13ac4 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1e13ac4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/july-27-a-book-talk-with-ian-easton-on-the-final-struggle-inside-chinas-global-strategy/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far 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class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span> View All Articles </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section data-dce-background-color="#F7F7F7" class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3c47f5 section-seminars elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="e3c47f5" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9df984c" data-id="9df984c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-712eaf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="712eaf2" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fee2462" data-id="fee2462" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-96fa2c3 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="96fa2c3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-circle"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ee3e4d0 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="ee3e4d0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"> Public Seminars</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-06c31cf" data-id="06c31cf" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-58b3376 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget__width-auto hover-underline elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="58b3376" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/public-seminar-series/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/public-seminar-series/"> View All Seminars </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9c989d8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="9c989d8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <p>Events focused on topics relating to Taiwan, Taiwan-US relations, cross-Strait relations, and Taiwan’s global policy. Seminars are free and open to the public.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6a12e55 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="6a12e55" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{&quot;custom_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;custom_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;custom_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;custom_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.custom"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="ecs-posts elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-grid elementor-posts--skin-custom" data-settings="{&quot;current_page&quot;:1,&quot;max_num_pages&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;load_method&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;widget_id&quot;:&quot;6a12e55&quot;,&quot;post_id&quot;:2,&quot;theme_id&quot;:2,&quot;change_url&quot;:false,&quot;reinit_js&quot;:false}"> <article id="post-23915" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-23915 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2023-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-1690 event_categories-cultural-events event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-cultural-and-creative-industries event_tags-culture event_tags-events event_tags-film event_tags-taiwan"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10506" class="elementor elementor-10506 post-23915 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-2023-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-1690 event_categories-cultural-events event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-china event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-cultural-and-creative-industries event_tags-culture event_tags-events event_tags-film event_tags-taiwan" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-695790c6 elementor-section-full_width recent-posts elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="695790c6" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-751c35c7" data-id="751c35c7" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6c205665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image" data-id="6c205665" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-featured-image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/september-27-making-films-in-the-shadow-of-china/"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1280" height="720" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/The-Extras-Journey-Film-Screening-and-Panel-YouTube-Thumbnail-4.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-23954" alt="The Extra's Journey Film Screening and Panel (YouTube Thumbnail) (4)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/The-Extras-Journey-Film-Screening-and-Panel-YouTube-Thumbnail-4.png 1280w, 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/september-27-making-films-in-the-shadow-of-china/">September 27: <em>The Extra&#8217;s Journey</em> Panel Discussion: Making Films in the Shadow of China</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e13ac4 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1e13ac4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/september-27-making-films-in-the-shadow-of-china/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/september-27-making-films-in-the-shadow-of-china/"> Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-23569" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-23569 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-1690 event_categories-2023-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-cultural-and-creative-industries event_tags-cultural-diplomacy event_tags-cultural-policy event_tags-soft-power event_tags-taiwan"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10506" class="elementor elementor-10506 post-23569 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-1690 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-23-assessing-taiwans-soft-power-cultural-policy-and-its-implications-abroad/">August 23: Assessing Taiwan’s Soft Power: Cultural Policy and its Implications Abroad</a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e13ac4 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1e13ac4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-23-assessing-taiwans-soft-power-cultural-policy-and-its-implications-abroad/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-23-assessing-taiwans-soft-power-cultural-policy-and-its-implications-abroad/"> Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-23340" class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item ecs-post-loop post-23340 events type-events status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry event_categories-1690 event_categories-2023-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-past-events-public-public-seminar-series event_categories-public-seminar-series event_tags-cross-strait-relations event_tags-disinformation-in-taiwan event_tags-influence-operations event_tags-information-operations event_tags-propaganda event_tags-taiwan event_tags-us-taiwan-relations"> <div data-elementor-type="loop" data-elementor-id="10506" class="elementor elementor-10506 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</div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e13ac4 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1e13ac4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-9-america-skepticism-theory/" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://globaltaiwan.org/events/august-9-america-skepticism-theory/"> Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fad44a1 elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget__width-auto hover-underline text-center elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="fad44a1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span> View All Articles </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-788c21c section-research elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="788c21c" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5342d4" data-id="e5342d4" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6413ba3 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="6413ba3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-circle"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4087c95 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4087c95" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PODCASTS</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e1b5a04 elementor-widget__width-inherit width-750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e1b5a04" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <p>Our podcast consists of brief, timely interviews with a wide range of policy experts, including academics, government officials, and journalists</p> </div> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-60f4b5a no-margin elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="60f4b5a" data-element_type="section"> 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data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">GTI INSIGHTS</h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a867634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a867634" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <p>GTI Insights consists of brief, timely interviews with a wide range of policy experts, including academics, government officials, and journalists.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f05f9cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="f05f9cc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <iframe loading="lazy" src="about:blank" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-rocket-lazyload="fitvidscompatible" data-lazy-src="https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/global-taiwan-institute/embed/episodes/GTI-Insights-Season-4--Episode-7-A-Conversation-with-Joshua-Espea-on-the-Philippines-Approach-to-Taiwan-e288ji8/a-aa8inlm"></iframe><noscript><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754if_/https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/global-taiwan-institute/embed/episodes/GTI-Insights-Season-4--Episode-7-A-Conversation-with-Joshua-Espea-on-the-Philippines-Approach-to-Taiwan-e288ji8/a-aa8inlm" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></noscript> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-05c2e9f elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget__width-auto hover-underline elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="05c2e9f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div 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class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e27d91" data-id="2e27d91" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ad2c525 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="ad2c525" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="400" height="400" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/podcast-taiwansalon.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-16977" alt="podcast taiwansalon" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/podcast-taiwansalon.jpg 400w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/podcast-taiwansalon-300x300.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/podcast-taiwansalon-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-dce-background-color="#242A5E" class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d5fecf" data-id="0d5fecf" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4d5066a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4d5066a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TAIWAN SALON</h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-da69d6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="da69d6c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <p>Taiwan Salon examines Taiwan’s cultural policy and approach to soft power from perspectives both inside and outside the government.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a42e0eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="a42e0eb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <iframe loading="lazy" src="about:blank" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-rocket-lazyload="fitvidscompatible" data-lazy-src="https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/global-taiwan-2022/embed/episodes/Taiwan-Salon-Season-2--Episode-5-Clarissa-Wei-on-Taiwanese-Food-e291uc9/a-aab1p1g"></iframe><noscript><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754if_/https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/global-taiwan-2022/embed/episodes/Taiwan-Salon-Season-2--Episode-5-Clarissa-Wei-on-Taiwanese-Food-e291uc9/a-aab1p1g" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></noscript> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-28b17ac elementor-position-right elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget__width-auto hover-underline elementor-mobile-position-right elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="28b17ac" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://anchor.fm/global-taiwan-2022" target="_blank" class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-" tabindex="-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754/https://anchor.fm/global-taiwan-2022" target="_blank"> All Episodes </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-022b98a no-margin elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="022b98a" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div data-dce-background-color="#242A5E" class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element 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https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/podcast-securityreview-300x300.jpg 300w, https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754im_/https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/podcast-securityreview-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-dce-background-color="#242A5E" class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d3ef97f" data-id="d3ef97f" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8209100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8209100" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TAIWAN SECURITY REVIEW</h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ba16bf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ba16bf9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <p>Taiwan Security Review is a policy podcast produced by the staff of GTI. Hosted by GTI Senior Non-Resident Fellow Alex Gray</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3c3a6b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="3c3a6b2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <iframe loading="lazy" src="about:blank" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-rocket-lazyload="fitvidscompatible" data-lazy-src="https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/global-taiwan/embed/episodes/Taiwan-Security-Review--Episode-5-A-Conversation-with-Amb--Gerald-Zackios-on-Taiwans-Alliance-with-the-Marshall-Islands-e2541cg"></iframe><noscript><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011025754if_/https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/global-taiwan/embed/episodes/Taiwan-Security-Review--Episode-5-A-Conversation-with-Amb--Gerald-Zackios-on-Taiwans-Alliance-with-the-Marshall-Islands-e2541cg" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" 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i,r,l,o,c,u,h,g,v,w,b,x,y,E,C,T,$,S;t.params.cssMode&&(t.wrapperEl.style.overflow="hidden",t.wrapperEl.style.touchAction="none"),m.$slideEl.addClass(`${a.zoomedSlideClass}`),void 0===f.touchesStart.x&&e?(i="touchend"===e.type?e.changedTouches[0].pageX:e.pageX,r="touchend"===e.type?e.changedTouches[0].pageY:e.pageY):(i=f.touchesStart.x,r=f.touchesStart.y),s.scale=m.$imageWrapEl.attr("data-swiper-zoom")||a.maxRatio,p=m.$imageWrapEl.attr("data-swiper-zoom")||a.maxRatio,e?($=m.$slideEl[0].offsetWidth,S=m.$slideEl[0].offsetHeight,l=m.$slideEl.offset().left+n.scrollX,o=m.$slideEl.offset().top+n.scrollY,c=l+$/2-i,u=o+S/2-r,v=m.$imageEl[0].offsetWidth,w=m.$imageEl[0].offsetHeight,b=v*s.scale,x=w*s.scale,y=Math.min($/2-b/2,0),E=Math.min(S/2-x/2,0),C=-y,T=-E,h=c*s.scale,g=u*s.scale,h<y&&(h=y),h>C&&(h=C),g<E&&(g=E),g>T&&(g=T)):(h=0,g=0),m.$imageWrapEl.transition(300).transform(`translate3d(${h}px, ${g}px,0)`),m.$imageEl.transition(300).transform(`translate3d(0,0,0) scale(${s.scale})`)}function $(){const e=t.zoom,s=t.params.zoom;m.$slideEl||(t.params.virtual&&t.params.virtual.enabled&&t.virtual?m.$slideEl=t.$wrapperEl.children(`.${t.params.slideActiveClass}`):m.$slideEl=t.slides.eq(t.activeIndex),m.$imageEl=m.$slideEl.find(`.${s.containerClass}`).eq(0).find("picture, img, svg, canvas, .swiper-zoom-target").eq(0),m.$imageWrapEl=m.$imageEl.parent(`.${s.containerClass}`)),m.$imageEl&&0!==m.$imageEl.length&&m.$imageWrapEl&&0!==m.$imageWrapEl.length&&(t.params.cssMode&&(t.wrapperEl.style.overflow="",t.wrapperEl.style.touchAction=""),e.scale=1,p=1,m.$imageWrapEl.transition(300).transform("translate3d(0,0,0)"),m.$imageEl.transition(300).transform("translate3d(0,0,0) scale(1)"),m.$slideEl.removeClass(`${s.zoomedSlideClass}`),m.$slideEl=void 0)}function S(e){const s=t.zoom;s.scale&&1!==s.scale?$():T(e)}function M(){const e=t.support;return{passiveListener:!("touchstart"!==t.touchEvents.start||!e.passiveListener||!t.params.passiveListeners)&&{passive:!0,capture:!1},activeListenerWithCapture:!e.passiveListener||{passive:!1,capture:!0}}}function P(){return`.${t.params.slideClass}`}function k(e){const{passiveListener:s}=M(),a=P();t.$wrapperEl[e]("gesturestart",a,b,s),t.$wrapperEl[e]("gesturechange",a,x,s),t.$wrapperEl[e]("gestureend",a,y,s)}function z(){l||(l=!0,k("on"))}function L(){l&&(l=!1,k("off"))}function O(){const e=t.zoom;if(e.enabled)return;e.enabled=!0;const s=t.support,{passiveListener:a,activeListenerWithCapture:i}=M(),r=P();s.gestures?(t.$wrapperEl.on(t.touchEvents.start,z,a),t.$wrapperEl.on(t.touchEvents.end,L,a)):"touchstart"===t.touchEvents.start&&(t.$wrapperEl.on(t.touchEvents.start,r,b,a),t.$wrapperEl.on(t.touchEvents.move,r,x,i),t.$wrapperEl.on(t.touchEvents.end,r,y,a),t.touchEvents.cancel&&t.$wrapperEl.on(t.touchEvents.cancel,r,y,a)),t.$wrapperEl.on(t.touchEvents.move,`.${t.params.zoom.containerClass}`,E,i)}function I(){const e=t.zoom;if(!e.enabled)return;const 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