CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136f7463fca9cb9',cH: '5fd2tef.y2c1Zepg5HCREdWNFiwYSdnDHxnQmUByWfc-1739807770-1.2.1.1-gYOyaGxJJ26syQFfKCkXYk4U0wH37t70NQeQ0wQDHwoTAb03ZXyHPaqbksu5oEQ5',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Joey%20Ward&__cf_chl_tk=LrsrUqGkCjm_kRoiKbOKB69zLd2VLWUBCd8fLYmhVL0-1739807770-1.0.1.1-wgZBARQ.6uoCfi7rgZn_lT60SIiwNCA2oJp_FaKLN8g",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739807770',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Joey%20Ward&__cf_chl_f_tk=LrsrUqGkCjm_kRoiKbOKB69zLd2VLWUBCd8fLYmhVL0-1739807770-1.0.1.1-wgZBARQ.6uoCfi7rgZn_lT60SIiwNCA2oJp_FaKLN8g",md: "xZm5pEzqvBqAQpj7S4MSslnpvsjl89sCNEHmKI8oTRo-1739807770-1.2.1.1-atgFzyXBT9evyHDqPfgCYKXQDKxHS85llSOixUZpZeuveG96LQkluZhvsM6ATw47PuSntrfuu5kluqJ7EMXTNp1jKPN_CiP2ke1Bst0gyay9KozXOuexvtf4GyshRXGwiQ7kbHH1VcF9sXH.L.UVg6uT9_1YgqJ0ddbeYF1EMbkKu9JH2wyb_YjRpvhO_3eIDIoGOC8oGmfOdQxrZzdzCyONS0logsBNe5ihNxlMBbmr.tvv3RfLYe_ngxHV61qq8KgqTW6oahVc_TTKuST9q.cB3PyQQW1qz7DqxQPj2QLjqqb.0L_zNQba6wZvf_Gjp.OsHaj6YJObBZn7_isyU.TPgWpwkv.BUn2oDOD6yDoRrY0qEVIXZG3Sz.R4XFKLSBTp31PmkIKv_bX039SkOtGG..hbxTy_SdFGiy8hH4ZdbciiHnmoy_FYmC3ms_X1Pp33X0Cq3XUf0H6EwvxSOtlHodxvZxfQTJakkl0ipModRdjz81N1rpj3f39jDwNPfqTytE2cLK1Aj9fuAJpORDtTSSx2irw27ney_78yZSw2pMENL6QJhQsBrA0L._4A4BssG0T9LzWd7aHQxWTo.wqhzQkEF5V1r0.Fg8TuweSKjtyv3QWKsskBwymvLfclvibq9K1N0mL88Hxym7gYdj_vPR79i3q3JhGMzrt1dHjZzGJHgnaSzyKryhOMjl5.yrHcjCittK5h39bHdvjxeWi6iMiz5xvMqZHF5rDVtDSmNlKegQ.CeGR6N.2j5BRBRwrb.zClGWGLOzJtt.ppGgB_f0_2BL.x9R7dCzl_bC_P.E2s3yq4opoqsGX7NYI9D_pLzkcF7GiA3nEwIcBPRq2e_Q1hjYPxW6cq5YiJEDoGqKgyqjY9yFRS..q1fVKuwJFmHxRC0mgUePNoctuisnRM4t6gVFeo2QBtdMxe5iuttmZoWRTbEsGJmP_VxC0p1l05gHxdKrjbkyPiR9N9v_Ouxb4jGnBIoX1w5dIMuZdrXx2QKa2fpiW0gLcBZbHjV_JcNn6I1eefnNpW0ZcXt3ZlRWWuvKlS8utWxGKj48oSPErIY9XtbROoaRWbgkbN2LGlTzdQQg0EfQyFh0LAEZZ7wZkxg.Y.ZMORS6lWkTJJlNn6TRuQaIFvrCuZIAtGkJtgzAlI1hN6VOjersIV9CZxPQS7dzLmVt5qpkS7CCLM_FCJGnV3FhSFoL1VnN8uMqj34posSUL_cChhAWLYC4QeD5_ZMUmEt6gV2IDRaxfUobnJcNuGKcAzTdh3GqSmL66tDbOJzFv62cBpB.Yp6zFRxlPSJIihY9lbOkwRr7HoQNM_QNH_A6MRuZfOp69ARul6u8d.pFoj.WEOlXeKIlFVYMbhFFQo.miBz8ldtnFAfBrC2cJoV2IJa_W6.5NmXemWiZCl8619aH5NXY8l2vMtp1vwcVYgMqlnb3wwWGVsFeCnnTUud4pkMryEuKo6Hr_tCfoxOTPbN9S_0CYYu0UFrJhrqxAdvp1llWkILJlGhnW5H1i2INrzVQ1MWWxVkIFt9NKT63.ZDg9K3vMqF9bKObJzFP19_UYDOmbbfnXUSzkwmEKZ0VHZ95C7qsOVRcMr7ZRxbVB.jjSSYbPXscwME1PD5wpo9nlonwKRqzMhIOmNvf7iPq2oK64eNn6_NbMv3vJXLb8Jpt1r8WThZjpYodl8ZOOtGnHhOTRXMXsGvdJH9.14a1zOHFc.A4yCz3REXyQcDqGS7DSsgf30gGG7yQqMwpND8B1EDQVG4APvOHbylBE8453XIkOWY5mNxRW1L.1LqLIoAwDC8DBjxY3HWnnnilXPwyE32N.Uu8.RDfx40MnzP3wZ.CpHOtTCUwx3KrznwoQHJ23IpTj36ArHMW7fxM5fqHTJ142xN97BXXP81OGWWILMYX6Uw1Fn_81eRYFN2SJ2LIhbsGYygg",mdrd: "r4TSxIC_yd9SO4gpgjHGuMQX193HQB3DaamATwCkkr8-1739807770-1.2.1.1-kCXudwAAlpChFxV6uVtBHwsPCgVHY_pmZ.J55JEPydTyyXMzjRXIcj9k262wPqnFivYtQnLCIig..Hp_7U22U4q0BWcmRNPszWUVtAohQpksRPL73TCL.foGIae0LnsLPKbs.j_Lf3JZXCmdTUQtqge_QDEAZYQYX9Nh48yVsduz.auAeSSBJrYbLCkhlWTLRZ3mHX.TSXktf3aNrPHeNDfRpOD4YFlbxw9vBC2FXPXmISQlUQC_yHuIJRNn5utYQWwFpHIRC6DsMg4R64QPphFGu9pxGmDZV4.GL6gxJ4VRfNtXN8ZWLWuIeYcpIHNwINRzKMPKL5OBilVH01A0i23Mfk3Gxsf8crPyuFhEJk45a40LvUD01e0zoU04KA70gbLFjAAavm6o9erHOPmSzQUmxMyqJW1Ae0CiQiXuOwms2yz.nzboXbOcxKpprT0FRGuydfaFh9M8vE6eauoex3TrJmzJqW7zbe__FpHbJFwOOM_2op8Dflhr9cAXB7lAyF9nR4_J6vnwgQjgiTe5NAtR1SNkJvxxpcmMT1n56KNNYRpX0SI3IggP8.UP8MbVOqsvmTEwH1P86P7gQRUXq9nXgx38VUKcf0CaTsf_uVmY_zj8nT4S.BX6w2wb651wDuWKAtdbqsJMMzKTfYuM9j8YVQiuNpZSSvGYnQ0mFqRg2_9lMmKucsbXGNlXQDmwo9E._Kw0xXeeNjz_tDEjtsFRSL4ViIuXT3U3s.4JOdFlAbWr2xq.kZQmzG9Lbh7tjliMWiwaz_0BYSpv1EOyflplpVMZ.q8kd43SIFpHeqihXCXRUMyF4DJAyiFkaVyGSzBz9u4pPJmtD71Gq.YWv0gd7s3I2bthsC6i9zcczWc_ChLz9cRKea25qrRETyH.CU99agYsaEhufsDOsmkPLaEMLvWySAsKkFeQ6SMZXWD5jZZVAJHU9HFlzuUD7gZ9pqOx76F4XryGU2ympqgZ8c_GJqrleXbJExyVIx57UHy7iPUUodUfMi0EjRNr0qJpaxkldI9l9h2ICvCRZTAd1zgzr6Oq0NwZfOWorfX6TYb.hARI5_Bg34ly4vh1mO6Agmno2t1aZr0SI.ESffs.JCwOy13XjSXENJRm8mCet2QEEjzXm.8TOMEL.gv4zUG9Lp0vtj0vyk4WxSiRI7dSU0ZT57dG6eRCbaQq8tSP33OBUO4VMt52P7rthHujyW1GuN7WVR6QbKYxppVKYRH7mHyDqJbL4R1FkvV5.mVkt1JIHmGkpvkdJbaIHEmUHNhJVVJ2vVVco6.73jvpqxCQ5LBkM3Qe8FgsAx6w.yKffWtmdtmJYAsdP7z5kGKlwHuBXy.4Lhm6x18ZqHQwGxs9TO_1GFbKiMEEdUfFMHJjgM_bz3oumVycUNtVMxwqORvLysOXY8GkdADU5fuXvpfKXJW1OV5QbwVott76PMe93iCd.ngd8Bpo_O5FwkNaRYYLI7U7xOpEPYFQCeAwfwuA.03bI1MDHfXxqKSpJ.WZm4A6km8EmJKnABxbyXezVgY8KHv86.B5rb60lBab1yj3leHbHSypSyLRuUs9R0u7zwqItCdCoSFuzphJj3Jwj_xuPjZj9bzYxV8kn99X.Cww.FphUh9S5ftaw5eJ.dB00OpucDB_4RNUZ_qFmsDnp5vV9fLCDkfRnU6MO9fFj37UMdgDZob3QoaeggsFJLZvnSJnPYt7s2kmsvLFV9PlNjuAU4S8EfBqgtdTrNezmT5wTxvuGZhfOHQKsXpus2D19FDekwp5D6E2jCAk7GRocxU5jYu8PSrShHbR0C51bOdn_spMx92z.A1XtDHzO8hSigYBsJyrxt_pC6BxA_oWK06KC4CEJI8ZuarGx6QM5unD1WkpgvyFjduPMd0xW0kYJHAPbE5tIS5Aay22aO2nv5BBE8DSqyuOe4Ea46l7QZekeC_8QRruhXY0L1EE9DitOrQbkkNzTy5xh5Xn49TtwnS5wDbiz9aBTVpdRf_3TqlMMw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136f7463fca9cb9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Joey%20Ward&__cf_chl_rt_tk=LrsrUqGkCjm_kRoiKbOKB69zLd2VLWUBCd8fLYmhVL0-1739807770-1.0.1.1-wgZBARQ.6uoCfi7rgZn_lT60SIiwNCA2oJp_FaKLN8g" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>