马尔代夫危机：中印之间岛链争夺战升温

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class="twite__copy-text">复制链接</p> <div class="twite__copy-input"> <a class="twite__share-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-42976341" tabindex="-1" contenteditable="true">http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-42976341?</a> </div> <a class="twite__read-more" href="/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/institutional/2014/01/000001_about_sharing">关于分享</a> <p class="twite__new-window" aria-hidden="true">这是外部链接，浏览器将打开另一个窗口</p> <button class="twite__close-button"> <span class="off-screen">关上分享窗口</span> <div class="twite__close-button-graphic" aria-hidden="true"></div> </button> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="story-body__inner" property="articleBody"> <figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width lead"> <span class="image-and-copyright-container"> <img class="js-image-replace" alt="中国游客占马尔代夫外国游客人数比例大约30%" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211201848im_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/13382/production/_99922787_tv044555608.jpg" width="976" height="549"> <span class="off-screen">图片版权</span> <span class="story-image-copyright">AFP</span> </span> <figcaption class="media-caption"> <span class="off-screen">Image caption</span> <span class="media-caption__text"> 中国游客占马尔代夫外国游客人数比例大约30%，直接影响该国经济收入。 </span> </figcaption> </figure><p class="story-body__introduction">印度洋岛国马尔代夫爆发政治危机，反对派领导人前总统呼吁美国和印度干预，现政权是否会倒向北京？印度又会如何应对？</p><div id="bbccom_mpu_3" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /**/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [3]); } })(); /**/ </script> </div> </div><p>近日，马尔代夫总统亚明拒绝按该国最高法院命令释放包括前总统纳希德在内的9名反对派人士，并宣布马尔代夫进入为期15天的全国紧急状态。</p><p>此举引发马尔代夫改变传统上偏向印度、转而偏向中国的猜测。</p><div id="bbccom_mpu_1_2" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /**/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [1,2]); } })(); /**/ </script> </div> </div><p>流亡海外的前总统纳希德一直批评该国的内政外交政策，呼吁印度和美国介入，包括美国限制马尔代夫现政府和领导人的金融交易。</p><p>今年是马尔代夫的总统大选年，马尔代夫朝野目前似乎已经水火不容。这场危机的国际背景也显示出中国的“一带一路”在南亚的前景注定不会是一路平川。</p><ul class="story-body__unordered-list"> <li class="story-body__list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-42487827" class="story-body__link">“一带一路”能否化解南亚“千年宿怨”？</a></li> <li class="story-body__list-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/fooc/2016/09/160905_fooc_maldives_trouble" class="story-body__link">记者来鸿：天堂岛风云再起变幻莫测</a></li> <li class="story-body__list-item"><a href="/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-42836689" class="story-body__link">美国对华战略显轮廓印度拉东盟打先锋？</a></li> </ul><h2 class="story-body__crosshead">印度传统影响力</h2><p>正如印度媒体所言，马尔代夫是印度的"后院"。这个印度洋岛国自从上世纪60年代从英国独立以来就和印度建立了密切的关系。</p><p>马印两国在地理上为南亚邻国，同为英联邦国家（2016年马尔代夫退出英联邦）。印度为仅有千余人武装力量的马尔代夫提供国家安全担保，并与马尔代夫有着密切的军事、经济、文化、医疗卫生、电信等关系。印度还向马尔代夫提供过大额经济援助。</p><p>马尔代夫因此一直执行着"印度优先"的外交政策，对外以印度为马首是瞻。</p><figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width"> <span class="image-and-copyright-container"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-alt="马尔代夫" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211201848oe_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/57EF/production/_99911522_maldivessand.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549"></div> <span class="off-screen">图片版权</span> <span class="story-image-copyright">LAKRUWAN WANNIARACHCHI/AFP/Getty Images</span> </span> <figcaption class="media-caption"> <span class="off-screen">Image caption</span> <span class="media-caption__text"> 马尔代夫风景优美，是“旅游天堂”。 </span> </figcaption> </figure><p>印度一直是马尔代夫不二的最大贸易伙伴。此外，马尔代夫的经济则严重依靠占其GDP30%的旅游业。</p><h2 class="story-body__crosshead">中国进入了"印度后花园"</h2><p>随着中国经济最近十年的继续崛起，大批游客奔向“旅游天堂”马尔代夫。自2010年起，中国已连续六年成为马第一大旅游客源国。2015年，中国赴马游客35.9万人次，占全部赴马游客的29%。</p><p>目前，中国北京、上海、广州、昆明、成都、重庆、武汉、香港等地同马尔代夫之间分别开通了直航或包机往来。</p><p>马尔代夫不仅是最近几年中国人游览的热点目的地，更是"一带一路"上一个具有战略意义的贸易和投资地点。</p><p>由于中国和马尔代夫签署《中马自贸协定》，中国企业大举投资该国，包括中方援建的中马友谊大桥（马尔代夫首座跨海大桥，是连接马尔代夫机场岛与首都马累岛的重要通道）。</p><p>2017年12月，中国和马尔代夫签署《中马自贸协定》，马尔代夫加入中国"一带一路"倡议，允许大量中国企业到马投资。这一变化让印度媒体惊呼中国进入了"印度的后花园"。</p><figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width"> <span class="image-and-copyright-container"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-alt="马尔代夫总统亚明和中国总理李克强" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211201848oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/4D0A/production/_99922791_0223e874-93d8-4dcb-9e19-7071bba4f259.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549"></div> <span class="off-screen">图片版权</span> <span class="story-image-copyright">Reuters</span> </span> <figcaption class="media-caption"> <span class="off-screen">Image caption</span> <span class="media-caption__text"> 2017年12月，中国和马尔代夫签署《中马自贸协定》，加入中国"一带一路"倡议，允许大量中国企业到马投资。这一变化让印度媒体惊呼中国进入了"印度的后花园"。 </span> </figcaption> </figure><h2 class="story-body__crosshead">"成败萧何"</h2><p>马尔代夫在印度洋上所处的位置，使得它成为一个引发国际重要关切国家：它位于印度洋上重要海路附近，靠近亚丁湾和马六甲海峡，几乎所有通往印度洋的贸易路线都要经过此地，而亚洲大部分来自于中东的能源供应都是沿着这些路线运送。</p><p>马尔代夫正是"一带一路"倡议中"21世纪海上丝绸之路"的重要节点和必经之地。</p><ul class="story-body__unordered-list"> <li class="story-body__list-item"><a href="/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-42060014" class="story-body__link">缅甸问题：中国“改口”背后有哪些考量</a></li> <li class="story-body__list-item"><a href="/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-41725393" class="story-body__link">美国在亚洲合纵连横：呼吁盟友团结对付中国</a></li> <li class="story-body__list-item"><a href="/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-41739596" class="story-body__link">19大后一带一路上瓜达尔的淘金热</a></li> </ul><p>有中国分析人士指出，印度"长期以来一直在马尔代夫扶植亲印势力以控制这样一个战略重点"。没有印度支持，该国领导难以上位。前总统纳希德正因为与印度关系不好，在2012年"因民众抗议"倒台。现在，这位流亡的总统则呼吁印度介入"帮助马恢复民主"。</p><p>分析称，现总统亚明则是承诺"印度优先"上位的，但他现在不仅接受中国的"一带一路"并和中国达成自由贸易协定，之后还逮捕该国"亲印人士"，包括禁止官员私下会晤印度外交官。</p><p>对印度媒体所称的"马尔代夫中印之争"，中国媒体称这完全是"躺枪"。中国媒体说，西方继续批评马尔代夫政府打压言论自由和人权行为，印度呼吁干涉（据媒体称印军已经准备好行动），而中国则强调当前危机"是马内政，应由马各方通过对话协商解决。国际社会应在尊重马主权的基础上发挥建设性作用，而不应采取使事态更加复杂化的举动"。</p> </div> </div> <div class="tags-container"> <h2 class="tags-title story-body__crosshead">相关主题内容</h2> <ul class="tags-list"> <li class="tags-list__tags" data-entityid="topic_link"> <a href="/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/topics/5a08f030-710f-4168-acee-67294a90fc75">印度</a> </li> <li class="tags-list__tags" data-entityid="topic_link"> <a href="/web/20180211201848/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/topics/6892384e-1966-4c03-9ce3-f694a8f9f69e">中國</a> </li> <li class="tags-list__tags" data-entityid="topic_link"> <a 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