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<li id="toc-Foundation_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_with_Holcim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_with_Holcim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Merger with Holcim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_with_Holcim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_and_environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_and_environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legal and environmental 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mercury_emissions_in_New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercury_emissions_in_New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Mercury emissions in New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercury_emissions_in_New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_watersheds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_watersheds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Canadian watersheds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_watersheds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Board of directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Financial data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature_reserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature_reserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nature reserves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature_reserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="لافارج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لافارج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%98" title="لافارژ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لافارژ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge_(Unternehmen)" title="Lafarge (Unternehmen) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lafarge (Unternehmen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%98" title="لافارژ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لافارژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge_(entreprise)" title="Lafarge (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lafarge (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="लाफ़ार्ज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाफ़ार्ज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge_(perusahaan)" title="Lafarge (perusahaan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lafarge (perusahaan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge_(azienda)" title="Lafarge (azienda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lafarge (azienda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge_(bedrijf)" title="Lafarge (bedrijf) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lafarge (bedrijf)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafarge" title="Lafarge – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Lafarge" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%BA" title="拉法基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉法基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">French industrial company</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Lafarge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lafarge_construction_(logo).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Lafarge_construction_%28logo%29.svg/220px-Lafarge_construction_%28logo%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Lafarge_construction_%28logo%29.svg/330px-Lafarge_construction_%28logo%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Lafarge_construction_%28logo%29.svg/440px-Lafarge_construction_%28logo%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="38" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">FR0000120537 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144929?uselang=en#P946" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Building_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Building materials">Building materials</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1833<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1833</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Joseph-Auguste Pavin de Lafarge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Olsen_(businessman)" title="Eric Olsen (businessman)">Eric Olsen</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">Cement</a>, Construction aggregates, asphalt production and <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>12.843 billion <small>(2014)</small><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">€1.881 billion <small>(2014)</small><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">€770.36 million <small>(2014)</small><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">€34.804 billion <small>(end 2014)</small><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">63,000 <small>(end 2014)</small><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holcim_Group" title="Holcim Group">Holcim Group</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cement_bags.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cement_bags.jpg/220px-Cement_bags.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cement_bags.jpg/330px-Cement_bags.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cement_bags.jpg/440px-Cement_bags.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Bags of Lafarge cement with the Blue Circle logo.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lafarge</b> is a French industrial company specialising in <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Construction_aggregate" title="Construction aggregate">construction aggregates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>. It is the world's largest cement manufacturer. It was founded in 1833 by Joseph-Auguste Pavin de Lafarge and is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Holcim_Group" title="Holcim Group">Holcim Group</a>. </p><p>In 2015, Lafarge merged with <a href="/wiki/Holcim" title="Holcim">Holcim</a> and a new company was formed under the name of <b>LafargeHolcim</b>. It was renamed to Holcim Group in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbctv18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbctv18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lafarge was embroiled in the <a href="/wiki/Lafarge_scandal" title="Lafarge scandal">Lafarge scandal</a>, in which it was convicted of financing terrorism and complicity in crimes against humanity by the US Department of Justice for paying $5.92 million to the terrorist groups <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">al-Nusra Front</a> between 2013 and 2014 to keep its cement plant in Syria operating.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT2022_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_development">Foundation and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lafarge was founded in 1833<sup id="cite_ref-history_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Joseph-Auguste Pavin de Lafarge in <a href="/wiki/Le_Teil" title="Le Teil">Le Teil</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>), to exploit the limestone quarry in Mont Saint-Victor between <a href="/wiki/Le_Teil" title="Le Teil">Le Teil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viviers,_Ard%C3%A8che" title="Viviers, Ardèche">Viviers</a>. The limestone is white and <a href="/wiki/Argillaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Argillaceous">argillaceous</a>, and yielded an eminently <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_lime" title="Hydraulic lime">hydraulic lime</a>. In 1864 Lafarge signed its first international contract for the delivery of 110,000 tonnes of lime to the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> construction project.<sup id="cite_ref-history_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone,_H%C3%A9rault_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone%2C_H%C3%A9rault_05.jpg/220px-Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone%2C_H%C3%A9rault_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone%2C_H%C3%A9rault_05.jpg/330px-Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone%2C_H%C3%A9rault_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone%2C_H%C3%A9rault_05.jpg/440px-Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone%2C_H%C3%A9rault_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5984" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-l%C3%A8s-Maguelone" title="Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone">Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the Second World War, Lafarge provided the Nazi regime with concrete for the French part of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a>. This maintained activity permitted the company to transition rapidly to the period of post-war reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980 Lafarge joined with the Belgian coal, coke and fertilizer company Coppée to become SA Lafarge Coppée.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Lafarge purchased a plant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Gypsum" title="National Gypsum">National Gypsum</a> in early 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten years later, it bought <a href="/wiki/Redland_plc" title="Redland plc">Redland plc</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> quarry operator.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, Lafarge acquired a 100% shareholding in <a href="/wiki/Hima_Cement_Limited" title="Hima Cement Limited">Hima Cement Limited</a>, the second-largest cement manufacturer in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, with an installed capacity of 850,000 metric tonnes annually, as of January 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, Lafarge entered the Indian market through its cement business, with the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel" title="Tata Steel">Tata Steel</a>'s cement activity. This acquisition was followed by the purchase of the Raymond Cement facility in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, Lafarge, then the world's second largest cement manufacturer, acquired <a href="/wiki/Blue_Circle_Industries" title="Blue Circle Industries">Blue Circle Industries</a> (BCI), a British company which at the time was the world's sixth largest cement manufacturer, to become the world's largest cement manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-history_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaFarge_Kelleys_Island_Quarry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/LaFarge_Kelleys_Island_Quarry.jpg/220px-LaFarge_Kelleys_Island_Quarry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/LaFarge_Kelleys_Island_Quarry.jpg/330px-LaFarge_Kelleys_Island_Quarry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/LaFarge_Kelleys_Island_Quarry.jpg/440px-LaFarge_Kelleys_Island_Quarry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Lafarge quarry on <a href="/wiki/Kelleys_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelleys Island">Kelleys Island</a>, Ohio.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2006, Lafarge North America shareholders accepted a $3 billion tender offer from Lafarge Group which gave the parent company full control over the North American business, removing LNA from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>. Previously the group had owned 53% of LNA shares.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, it divested its roofing division, selling it to a private equity group in a deal that resulted in Lafarge retaining a 35% equity stake.<sup id="cite_ref-history_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2007, Lafarge announced the purchase of the Orascom Cement Group, an Egyptian-based cement producer with operations across Africa and the Middle East, from <a href="/wiki/Orascom_Construction_Industries_(OCI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orascom Construction Industries (OCI)">Orascom Construction Industries (OCI)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 May 2008 Lafarge acquired Larsen & Toubro Ready Mix-Concrete (RMC) business in India for $349 million.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Lafarge sells Canadian precast concrete company, Pre-Con to Armtec Infrastructure Income Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Lafarge strengthened its presence in Brazil<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (an agreement with Lafarge and STRABAG to create a common company in Cement in Central Europe).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Lafarge SA announced it would build a cement plant in <a href="/wiki/Langkat" class="mw-redirect" title="Langkat">Langkat</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> with an investment of up to Rp 5 trillion ($585 million).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011 Lafarge sold to <a href="/wiki/Boral" title="Boral">Boral</a> its stake in their common Asian Gypsum joint-venture LBGA (Lafarge Boral Gypsum Asia).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lafarge launched three plants in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and created a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo American</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>The group sold most of its European, South American, Asian and Australian gypsum operations.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2013, Lafarge agreed to the sale of its 53.3 percent stake in its Honduras subsidiary Lafarge Cementos SA de CV to Cementos Argos for €232m.<sup id="cite_ref-CemNet.com_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CemNet.com-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the Lafarge Cement plant located south of <a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobanî">Kobanî</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> was being used as a base of operations by <a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Infantry_Parachute_Regiment" title="1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment">1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> forces.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>in 2022, Lafarge Egypt, launched "Shatbna," an eco-friendly masonry cement with a 40% lower carbon footprint.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company is active in Greece through the full ownership of <a href="/wiki/Heracles_General_Cement" title="Heracles General Cement">Heracles General Cement</a>, since 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-multiple_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 2024, The company is set to build a new cement plant in Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_with_Holcim">Merger with Holcim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Merger with Holcim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 April 2014, Lafarge and <a href="/wiki/Holcim" title="Holcim">Holcim</a> announced they had agreed to terms on a "merger of equals".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exchange ratio will be based on 9 Holcim shares for 10 Lafarge shares.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new company would be based in Switzerland and have a manufacturing capacity of 427 million tons a year would vastly exceed the 227 million ton capacity <a href="/wiki/Anhui_Conch" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhui Conch">Anhui Conch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hurdles_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurdles-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lafarge CEO Bruno Lafont and Holcim Chairman Wolfgang Reitzle became co-chairmen of the new group.<sup id="cite_ref-form_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-form-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eric Olsen, then Lafarge's Executive Vice-president in charge of Operations, became the CEO of the new group.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Executives from both companies said the deal would save the new company 1.4 billion euros (US$1.9 billion) annually and create "the most advanced group in the building materials industry."<sup id="cite_ref-hurdles_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurdles-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The deal faced significant regulatory obstacles, as 15 different jurisdictions could have potentially raised objections. The cement market in Europe is tightly consolidated and <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> scrutiny of deals has been commonplace since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-hurdles_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurdles-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To meet regulatory concerns, Holcim and Lafarge planned to sell or spinoff assets that generated about 5 billion euros (US$6.9 billion) of revenue in 2013 in areas of large overlap between the two companies.<sup id="cite_ref-form_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-form-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lafont said the merger was aimed at rebalancing operations, not cutting costs. He said overlapping businesses would be sold, not closed, so industry job losses would be minimal.<sup id="cite_ref-hurdles_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurdles-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Industry analysts said the deal would combine Holcim's marketing strength with Lafarge's edge in innovation, while providing significant cost savings, but cautioned "the road to merger clearance will be a long, complex and uncertain one."<sup id="cite_ref-create_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-create-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others said the deal could lead to further mergers within the industry and give competitors a chance to pick up assets at a bargain price.<sup id="cite_ref-form_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-form-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most analysts surveyed by <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> felt the merger would be approved in the end.<sup id="cite_ref-create_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-create-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The acquisition would turn it into the world's third-biggest building materials supplier. Analysts said that although it was broadly anticipated by the market. "The additional assets expand the company’s footprint in Eastern Europe and into Brazil and the Philippines. Given the well flagged nature of the deal, however, these benefits are largely reflected in the price at current levels," Alan Breen of Cantor Fitzgerald Ireland said.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 July 2015, Lafarge merged with Holcim. On 15 July 2015, the new company was officially launched around the globe under the name of LafargeHolcim, which was later renamed as the <a href="/wiki/Holcim_Group" title="Holcim Group">Holcim Group</a> on 8 July 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbctv18_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbctv18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_and_environmental_issues">Legal and environmental issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal and environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrorist_financing_and_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_charges">Terrorist financing and complicity in crimes against humanity charges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Terrorist financing and complicity in crimes against humanity charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lafarge_scandal" title="Lafarge scandal">Lafarge scandal</a></div> <p>In June 2016, France opened an inquiry into the activities of Lafarge in Syria. The inquiry followed reports by French journalist Dorothée Myriam Kellou, published by <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>, which uncovered deals Lafarge made with an array of armed groups, including the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> terrorist group, in order to keep its cement plant in Syria operating. ISIL captured the plant on 19 September 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-France_opens_inquiry_into_Lafarge_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France_opens_inquiry_into_Lafarge-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 LafargeHolcim executives were investigated for these claims in the civil and criminal courts.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lafarge sought to have the claims dismissed, arguing that the payments were intended to allow Lafarge to continue commercial activities, not to support ISIS, and that the company and its executives could not be held accountable for actions undertaken by its Syrian subsidiary.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the Paris Court of Appeals agreed with Lafarge. </p><p>On 7 September 2021, the <a href="/wiki/French_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="French Supreme Court">French Supreme Court</a> confirmed charges of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_financing" title="Terrorism financing">financing terrorism</a> and endangering employees' lives.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Court (Cour de cassation) quashed the Court of Appeal ruling, determining that there was sufficient evidence, including minutes from Lafarge meetings, for the investigative judge to find Lafarge had "precise knowledge" of the nature of ISIS's activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the decision, the Supreme Court explained that "<a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> are the most serious of crimes because beyond the attack on the individual, which it transcends, it targets and denies humanity."<sup id="cite_ref-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It found that for a conviction on complicity in crimes against humanity, Lafarge did not need to be a part of ISIS but "It is sufficient that [the accused] has knowledge that the main perpetrators are committing or are about to commit such a crime against humanity and that by his aid or assistance, he facilitates the preparation or the commission thereof."<sup id="cite_ref-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court concluded that "the knowing payment of a sum of several million dollars to an organization whose object is only criminal is sufficient to characterize complicity by aiding and abetting."<sup id="cite_ref-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Court referred the matter back to the Court of Appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 May 2022, the Investigative Chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Paris" title="Court of Appeal of Paris">Paris Court of Appeals</a> rejected a request by Lafarge to dismiss charges of complicity in crimes against humanity and endangering lives. In confirming the charges, the Court of Appeal judges found that "although informed that the actions of ISIS could constitute crimes against humanity, Lafarge, which could have put an end to the activities of LCS by asking it to close the plant, decided instead to continue this activity … even if it meant paying several million dollars to its groups".<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a statement, the company said it strongly disagreed with the Court of Appeal's decision to retain complicity in crimes against humanity within the scope of an investigation and said it would appeal the decision to France's Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-Charges_Confirmed_against_Lafarge_for_Complicity_in_Crimes_against_Humanity_in_Syria_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charges_Confirmed_against_Lafarge_for_Complicity_in_Crimes_against_Humanity_in_Syria-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 October 2022, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> reached a $777.8 million criminal plea agreement with Lafarge in the case. Executives with Lafarge agreed to the deal after paying $5.92 million to Islamic State and <a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">al-Nusra Front</a> leaders and urging them to help the company keep its production facilities running, according to a company spokesman and law enforcement official.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT2022_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC2022_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lafarge,_ZI_Horizon_Sud,_Frontignan,_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lafarge%2C_ZI_Horizon_Sud%2C_Frontignan%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg/220px-Lafarge%2C_ZI_Horizon_Sud%2C_Frontignan%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lafarge%2C_ZI_Horizon_Sud%2C_Frontignan%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg/330px-Lafarge%2C_ZI_Horizon_Sud%2C_Frontignan%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Lafarge%2C_ZI_Horizon_Sud%2C_Frontignan%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg/440px-Lafarge%2C_ZI_Horizon_Sud%2C_Frontignan%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4280" data-file-height="2675" /></a><figcaption>Cement plant in <a href="/wiki/Frontignan" title="Frontignan">Frontignan</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mercury_emissions_in_New_York">Mercury emissions in New York</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mercury emissions in New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 July 2008, the <i><a href="/wiki/Albany_Times_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Albany Times Union">Albany Times Union</a></i> reported that Lafarge's <a href="/wiki/Ravena,_New_York" title="Ravena, New York">Ravena, New York</a> plant "was the greatest source of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury pollution">mercury emissions</a> in New York from 2004 to 2006"<sup id="cite_ref-TU2008a_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TU2008a-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the story, plans had been made to upgrade the plant to reduce the mercury emissions. A second story published the following day, stated that the factory had emitted 400 pounds (181 kg) of mercury annually from 2004 to 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-TU2008b_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TU2008b-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2010 Lafarge opposed new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> regulations in the United States that required mercury-emissions reductions at cement plants.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preliminary data published by the EPA for the year 2009 showed 145 pounds of mercury were recorded for the Ravena plant (total on- and off-site disposals). The plant has continued to perform within permitted limits.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2013, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Health" title="New York State Department of Health">New York State Department of Health</a>, in partnership with the federal <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a>, completed a public health assessment for communities near the Lafarge Cement Plant in Ravena, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major findings and results from the NYS DOH Lafarge Cement Plant Health Assessment included: </p> <ul><li>Breathing the ground-level air concentrations of metals (e.g., mercury), <a href="/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon" title="Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">polychlorinated biphenyls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Particulate matter">particulate matter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dioxin" title="Dioxin">dioxins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furan" title="Furan">furans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Volatile organic compounds">volatile organic compounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> released in cement kiln stack emissions is not expected to harm people's health.</li> <li>For the general public, breathing ground-level air concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">nitrogen dioxide</a> released in the kiln stack emissions is not expected to harm people's health.</li> <li>Touching, breathing or accidentally eating dust that originated from the Ravena cement plant and other sources is not expected to harm the health of people who reside, work, or attend school in the community.</li> <li>Current health status of the communities near the cement plant is similar to the health status of other areas in the region and state.</li></ul> <p>On 23 July 2013, under an agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Justice and the state of New York, Lafarge North America Inc. agreed to fund $1.5 million in projects to reduce air pollution in the community surrounding its Ravena, New York cement plant.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement also amends a March 2010 consent decree that the federal Environmental Protection Agency, New York and 11 other states entered into with Lafarge requiring the company to limit pollutant emissions from its 13 plants nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the agreement, Lafarge North America would adhere to an updated schedule that provides Lafarge an additional 18 months to finish construction of a new modernized facility by 1 July 2016. At that time, the existing Ravena plant would be taken offline.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lafarge's $300 million upgrade to its Ravena plant included a new, German-designed dry-process <a href="/wiki/Cement_kiln" title="Cement kiln">cement kiln</a> to replace two 50-year-old wet-process kilns. The new kiln was to use less coal and emit fewer pollutants, including a 66% reduction in mercury emissions, while increasing production capacity. It will also take less water from the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, getting most of its water from the nearby limestone quarry that feeds the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Details of the agreement include that Lafarge North America will: </p> <ul><li>Invest $1.5 million in projects benefiting the local environment;</li> <li>Make additional improvements to the environmental infrastructure at the existing Ravena plant;</li> <li>Adopt new, stricter emission limits for SO2 and mercury; and</li> <li>Set a strict, new timetable to complete the Ravena plant modernization project.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadian_watersheds">Canadian watersheds</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canadian watersheds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2019, the company filed a request for a permit with the Ontario <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Environment,_Conservation_and_Parks" title="Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks">Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks</a> to increase the amount of water it moves from its gravel pits near <a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wellington_County,_Ontario" title="Wellington County, Ontario">Wellington County, Ontario</a>, Canada into the local watershed.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a news report, "If it’s approved, the company would be permitted to take up to 27.7 million litres of water a day — more than half of the city’s average daily demand of 47 million litres" but a City of Guelph report stated that it would "add a groundwater water-taking of 21,718 m3/day to the existing permit". The company was already permitted to take just over six million litres per day. According to a Lafarge spokesperson, the company's plan was actually to move the water from the quarry and pump into nearby wetlands or the Speed River, not to take water from the area.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wellington Water Watchers advocacy group expressed concern about how the discharged water might affect aquatic ecosystems downstream and believed that a full environmental review was necessary before the request for the permit should be allowed. "With climate change, there's all kinds of uncertainties that come into our long-term <a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">water security</a> issues and we can no longer afford to play fast and loose with that", said the group's chair Robert Case.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Board of directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The board of directors of Lafarge has 15 members appointed by the annual shareholders' meeting for a period of four years:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lafont" title="Bruno Lafont">Bruno Lafont</a></li> <li>Vice-chairman of the Board of Directors: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Fanjul" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar Fanjul">Oscar Fanjul</a></li> <li>Directors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Charrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Charrier (page does not exist)">Philippe Charrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gallardo" title="Juan Gallardo">Juan Gallardo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Gallienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Gallienne (page does not exist)">Ian Gallienne</a>, Mina Gerowin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Guiraud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jérôme Guiraud (page does not exist)">Jérôme Guiraud</a>, Luc Jeanneney, Gérard Lamarche, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Ploix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hélène Ploix (page does not exist)">Hélène Ploix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baudouin_Prot" title="Baudouin Prot">Baudouin Prot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Ramon" title="Christine Ramon">Christine Ramon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Rollier" title="Michel Rollier">Michel Rollier</a>, Ewald Simandl, <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A9ronique_Weill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Véronique Weill (page does not exist)">Véronique Weill</a>.</li> <li>Honorary Chairmen: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_P._Collomb" title="Bertrand P. Collomb">Bertrand P. Collomb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lafont" title="Bruno Lafont">Bruno Lafont</a></li></ul> <p>Former members of the Board include <a href="/wiki/Alain_Joly" title="Alain Joly">Alain Joly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_P%C3%A9bereau" title="Michel Pébereau">Michel Pébereau</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_Fr%C3%A8re" title="Gérald Frère">Gérald Frère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Bon" title="Michel Bon">Michel Bon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Dauman" title="Philippe Dauman">Philippe Dauman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nassef_Sawiris" title="Nassef Sawiris">Nassef Sawiris</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_data">Financial data</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Financial data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a summary of data:<sup id="cite_ref-AR2010_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2010-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR2009_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2009-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" border="3"> <caption><b>Financial data in millions of euro</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2002 </th> <th>2003 </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a> </td> <td>13,698 </td> <td>14,610 </td> <td>13,658 </td> <td>14,436 </td> <td>15,969 </td> <td>16,909 </td> <td>17,614 </td> <td>19,033 </td> <td>15,884 </td> <td>14,834 </td> <td>15,284 </td> <td>15,816 </td> <td>15,198 </td> <td>12,843 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBITDA" class="mw-redirect" title="EBITDA">EBITDA</a> </td> <td>2,862 </td> <td>3,101 </td> <td>2,820 </td> <td>3,028 </td> <td>2,920 </td> <td>3,610 </td> <td>4,183 </td> <td>4,618 </td> <td>3,600 </td> <td>3,614 </td> <td>3,217 </td> <td>3,450 </td> <td>3,102 </td> <td>2,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net results</a> </td> <td>750 </td> <td>446 </td> <td>728 </td> <td>868 </td> <td>1,096 </td> <td>1,372 </td> <td>1,909 </td> <td>1,598 </td> <td>736 </td> <td>827 </td> <td>593 </td> <td>432 </td> <td>601 </td> <td>143 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">Net debt</a> </td> <td>9,332 </td> <td>8,544 </td> <td>6,734 </td> <td>7,017 </td> <td>7,221 </td> <td>9,845 </td> <td>8,685 </td> <td>16,884 </td> <td>13,795 </td> <td>13,993 </td> <td>11,974 </td> <td>11,317 </td> <td>10,330 </td> <td>9,310 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Staff </td> <td>82,892 </td> <td>77,547 </td> <td>75,733 </td> <td>77,075 </td> <td>80,146 </td> <td>82,734 </td> <td>77,720 </td> <td>83,440 </td> <td>77,994 </td> <td>75,680 </td> <td>68,000 </td> <td>65,000 </td> <td>64,000 </td> <td>63,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>By 29 February 2016 the company had a share value of 17.292 billion euros, distributed in 288,383,057 shares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nature_reserves">Nature reserves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nature reserves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lafarge owns several nature reserves. An example of this is Brandon Marsh,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the UK, which is on an old quarry and an existing quarry is next door to it. Another example is the LaCouronne plant in France. It was never quarried but Lafarge bought some land and began to convert it into a 16.5-hectare (41-acre) nature reserve. Other nature reserves are Eardington Nature Reserve; Shropshire (UK), Medway Nature Reserve; Kent (UK) <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and NWT Besthorpe Nature Reserve; Trent Vale (UK).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafarge_(company)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AR2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AR2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2014_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2014_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AR2014_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417051907/http://www.lafarge.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/03232015-press_publication-2014_annual_report-uk.pdf">"Annual Report 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lafarge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafarge.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/03232015-press_publication-2014_annual_report-uk.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2014&rft.pub=Lafarge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafarge.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2F03232015-press_publication-2014_annual_report-uk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbctv18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnbctv18_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnbctv18_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/lafargeholcim-rebranded-as-holcim-group-9938411.htm">"LafargeHolcim rebranded as Holcim Group"</a>. <i>www.cnbctv18.com</i>. 2021-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cement+firm+Lafarge+pleads+guilty+to+supporting+IS&rft.date=2022-10-18&rft.aulast=Timmins&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-63305371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT2022-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT2022_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT2022_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO’BrienThrush2022" class="citation news cs1">O’Brien, Rebecca Davis; Thrush, Glenn (18 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/18/nyregion/lafarge-cement-isis-terrorism.html">"French Cement Company to Pay $780 Million Over Payoffs to ISIS"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018161508/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/18/nyregion/lafarge-cement-isis-terrorism.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Iglehart"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abclive.in/abclive_business/rmc-lafarge-india.html">the original</a> on 2010-01-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lafarge+Enters+in+Indian+RMC+Business+with+L%26T+Acquisition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabclive.in%2Fabclive_business%2Frmc-lafarge-india.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pre-con.com/">"Pre-Con"</a>. <i>www.pre-con.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220051909/http://www.pre-con.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pre-con.com&rft.atitle=Pre-Con&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pre-con.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerin‑Chapel2010" class="citation journal cs1">Guerin‑Chapel, Anaïs (2010-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcdg.2123">"La durabilité des sablières. Approche méthodologique dans sa perspective territoriale, les sablières Lafarge Granulats Ouest (LGO) en Bretagne"</a>. <i>Carnets de géographes</i> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcdg.2123">10.4000/cdg.2123</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2107-7266">2107-7266</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carnets+de+g%C3%A9ographes&rft.atitle=La+durabilit%C3%A9+des+sabli%C3%A8res.+Approche+m%C3%A9thodologique+dans+sa+perspective+territoriale%2C+les+sabli%C3%A8res+Lafarge+Granulats+Ouest+%28LGO%29+en+Bretagne&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fcdg.2123&rft.issn=2107-7266&rft.aulast=Guerin%E2%80%91Chapel&rft.aufirst=Ana%C3%AFs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fcdg.2123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurent2009" class="citation cs2">Laurent, Sébastien (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.msha.18100">"8. La France et l'Europe centrale dans l'entre-deux-guerres. Une "Petite Entente" du renseignement?"</a>, <i>Le rayonnement français en Europe centrale</i>, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine, pp. <span class="nowrap">109–</span>115, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.msha.18100">10.4000/books.msha.18100</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782858923649" title="Special:BookSources/9782858923649"><bdi>9782858923649</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019074343/https://books.openedition.org/msha/18100">archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+rayonnement+fran%C3%A7ais+en+Europe+centrale&rft.atitle=8.+La+France+et+l%27Europe+centrale+dans+l%27entre-deux-guerres.+Une+%22Petite+Entente%22+du+renseignement%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fbooks.msha.18100&rft.isbn=9782858923649&rft.aulast=Laurent&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9bastien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4000%2Fbooks.msha.18100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPost" class="citation web cs1">Post, The Jakarta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/07/04/lafarge-may-invest-rp-5t-n-sumatra.html-0">"Lafarge may invest Rp 5t in N. Sumatra"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708114351/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/07/04/lafarge-may-invest-rp-5t-n-sumatra.html-0">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lafarge+may+invest+Rp+5t+in+N.+Sumatra&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=The+Jakarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F07%2F04%2Flafarge-may-invest-rp-5t-n-sumatra.html-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-agreed-boral-sell-them-its-stake-their-common-asian-gypsum-joint-venture-429-meu">"Lafarge agreed with Boral to sell them its stake in their common Asian Gypsum Joint-Venture for 429 M€"</a>. <i>Lafarge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226130522/http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-agreed-boral-sell-them-its-stake-their-common-asian-gypsum-joint-venture-429-meu">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lafarge&rft.atitle=Lafarge+agreed+with+Boral+to+sell+them+its+stake+in+their+common+Asian+Gypsum+Joint-Venture+for+429+M%E2%82%AC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafarge.com%2Fen%2Flafarge-agreed-boral-sell-them-its-stake-their-common-asian-gypsum-joint-venture-429-meu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-closes-sale-gypsum-assets-etex-group">"Lafarge closes sale of Gypsum assets to Etex Group"</a>. 10 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220194307/http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-closes-sale-gypsum-assets-etex-group">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lafarge+closes+sale+of+Gypsum+assets+to+Etex+Group&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafarge.com%2Fen%2Flafarge-closes-sale-gypsum-assets-etex-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-agreed-boral-sell-them-its-stake-their-common-asian-gypsum-joint-venture-429-meu">"Lafarge agreed with Boral to sell them its stake in their common Asian Gypsum Joint-Venture for 429 M€"</a>. 10 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220194511/http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-agreed-boral-sell-them-its-stake-their-common-asian-gypsum-joint-venture-429-meu">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lafarge+agreed+with+Boral+to+sell+them+its+stake+in+their+common+Asian+Gypsum+Joint-Venture+for+429+M%E2%82%AC&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafarge.com%2Fen%2Flafarge-agreed-boral-sell-them-its-stake-their-common-asian-gypsum-joint-venture-429-meu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-sells-its-australian-gypsum-operations-120-million-euros">"Lafarge sells its Australian Gypsum operations for 120 million euros"</a>. 10 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220194642/http://www.lafarge.com/en/lafarge-sells-its-australian-gypsum-operations-120-million-euros">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lafarge+sells+its+Australian+Gypsum+operations+for+120+million+euros&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafarge.com%2Fen%2Flafarge-sells-its-australian-gypsum-operations-120-million-euros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CemNet.com-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CemNet.com_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cemnet.com/Corporate/story/153062/lafarge.html">"Lafarge - September 2013"</a>. <i>CemNet.com</i>. International Cement Review. 3 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103060437/http://www.cemnet.com/Corporate/story/153062/lafarge.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CemNet.com&rft.atitle=Lafarge+-+September+2013&rft.date=2013-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cemnet.com%2FCorporate%2Fstory%2F153062%2Flafarge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorluCopur2018" class="citation news cs1">Zorlu, Faruk; Copur, Hakan (June 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/france-cooperating-with-pkk-ypg-terrorists-coalition/1178383">"France cooperating with PKK/YPG terrorists: Coalition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anadolu_Agency" title="Anadolu Agency">Anadolu Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711022854/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/france-cooperating-with-pkk-ypg-terrorists-coalition/1178383">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2018</span>. <q>According to information obtained by Anadolu Agency on March 30 from local sources, more than 70 French special forces under the international coalition against Daesh are stationed at the Lafarge Cement factory near the strategic Mistanur Hill and Harab-Isk village in southern Ayn al-Arab province (Kobani).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+cooperating+with+PKK%2FYPG+terrorists%3A+Coalition&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft.aulast=Zorlu&rft.aufirst=Faruk&rft.au=Copur%2C+Hakan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Famericas%2Ffrance-cooperating-with-pkk-ypg-terrorists-coalition%2F1178383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFobretix2018" class="citation web cs1">@obretix (July 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710231944/https://twitter.com/obretix/status/1016609763780591616/video/1">"US Army Apache helicopter at the Lafarge cement plant in northern Syria"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/obretix/status/1016609763780591616">the original</a> on July 10, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Army+Apache+helicopter+at+the+Lafarge+cement+plant+in+northern+Syria&rft.date=2018-07-10&rft.au=obretix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fobretix%2Fstatus%2F1016609763780591616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lafarge.com.eg/en/lafarge-egypt-launches-shatbna-product">"Lafarge Egypt launches Shatbna product"</a>. <i>www.lafarge.com.eg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lafarge.com.eg&rft.atitle=Lafarge+Egypt+launches+Shatbna+product&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafarge.com.eg%2Fen%2Flafarge-egypt-launches-shatbna-product&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multiple-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-multiple_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lafarge.gr/oi-anthropoi-mas">"Οι Άνθρωποι μας"</a>. <i>Όμιλος ΗΡΑΚΛΗΣ, τσιμέντο, σκυρόδεμα και αδρανή</i> (in Greek). 2017-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%CE%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%97%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9A%CE%9B%CE%97%CE%A3%2C+%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%2C+%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE&rft.atitle=%CE%9F%CE%B9+%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lafarge.gr%2Foi-anthropoi-mas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFstaff2024" class="citation web cs1">staff, Global Cement (2024-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalcement.com/news/item/17784-lafarge-serbia-to-build-new-cement-plant-utilising-power-plant-ash">"Lafarge Serbia to build new cement plant utilising power plant ash"</a>. <i>www.globalcement.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.globalcement.com&rft.atitle=Lafarge+Serbia+to+build+new+cement+plant+utilising+power+plant+ash&rft.date=2024-08-23&rft.aulast=staff&rft.aufirst=Global+Cement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalcement.com%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F17784-lafarge-serbia-to-build-new-cement-plant-utilising-power-plant-ash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160329010726/http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/6607/holcim-agrees-to-merge-with-lafarge">"Holcim Agrees To Merge With Lafarge"</a>. <i>Bloomberg TV India</i>. April 7, 2014. Archived from the original on March 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+TV+India&rft.atitle=Holcim+Agrees+To+Merge+With+Lafarge&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btvin.com%2Fvideos%2Fwatch%2F6607%2Fholcim-agrees-to-merge-with-lafarge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/fastft/296113/lafarge-holcim-crh-shares-rise-merger-saved">"Lafarge, Holcim, CRH shares rise as merger saved"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. March 20, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019074337/https://www.ft.com/fastft">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Lafarge%2C+Holcim%2C+CRH+shares+rise+as+merger+saved&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Ffastft%2F296113%2Flafarge-holcim-crh-shares-rise-merger-saved&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hurdles-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hurdles_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hurdles_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hurdles_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hurdles_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Jolly2014" class="citation news cs1">David Jolly (7 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/04/07/cement-makers-holcim-and-lafarge-agree-to-merge/">"Antitrust Hurdles Loom Large for Giant Cement Merger"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408201507/http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/04/07/cement-makers-holcim-and-lafarge-agree-to-merge/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Antitrust+Hurdles+Loom+Large+for+Giant+Cement+Merger&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft.au=David+Jolly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F07%2Fcement-makers-holcim-and-lafarge-agree-to-merge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-form-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-form_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-form_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-form_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_WintersFrancois_de_Beaupuy2014" class="citation news cs1">Patrick Winters; Francois de Beaupuy (April 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-07/holcim-to-merge-with-lafarge-to-form-biggest-cement-maker.html">"Holcim to Merge With Lafarge to Form Biggest Cement Maker"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109220947/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-07/holcim-to-merge-with-lafarge-to-form-biggest-cement-maker.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Holcim+to+Merge+With+Lafarge+to+Form+Biggest+Cement+Maker&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft.au=Patrick+Winters&rft.au=Francois+de+Beaupuy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2014-04-07%2Fholcim-to-merge-with-lafarge-to-form-biggest-cement-maker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafarge.com/en/04092015-Eric-Olsen-appointed-future-CEO-LafargeHolcim">"Eric Olsen appointed as future CEO of LafargeHolcim"</a>. April 9, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413053514/http://www.lafarge.com/en/04092015-Eric-Olsen-appointed-future-CEO-LafargeHolcim">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+opens+inquiry+into+Lafarge+deals+with+Syrian+armed+groups&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft.au=France24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20170613-france-judicial-inquiry-lafargeholcim-syria-terrorism-jalabiya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnewKeohane2017" class="citation news cs1">Agnew, Harriet; Keohane, David (2 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/856bc6ee-d766-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482">"LafargeHolcim executives under investigation"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183022/https://www.ft.com/content/856bc6ee-d766-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=LafargeHolcim+executives+under+investigation&rft.date=2017-12-02&rft.aulast=Agnew&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft.au=Keohane%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F856bc6ee-d766-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldermanPeltierSaad2018" class="citation news cs1">Alderman, Liz; Peltier, Elian; <a href="/wiki/Hwaida_Saad" title="Hwaida Saad">Saad, Hwaida</a> (2018-03-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/business/isis-is-coming-how-a-french-company-pushed-the-limits-in-war-torn-syria.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'ISIS Is Coming!' How a French Company Pushed the Limits in War-Torn Syria"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418235518/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/business/isis-is-coming-how-a-french-company-pushed-the-limits-in-war-torn-syria.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27ISIS+Is+Coming%21%27+How+a+French+Company+Pushed+the+Limits+in+War-Torn+Syria&rft.date=2018-03-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft.au=Peltier%2C+Elian&rft.au=Saad%2C+Hwaida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F10%2Fbusiness%2Fisis-is-coming-how-a-french-company-pushed-the-limits-in-war-torn-syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_Court_of_Appeal_confirms_charges_against_French_Multinational_Lafarge_for_complicity_in_crimes_against_humanity_committed_by_ISIS_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/news/paris-court-appeal-confirms-charges-against-french-multinational-lafarge-complicity-crimes">"Paris Court of Appeal confirms charges against French Multinational Lafarge for complicity in crimes against humanity committed by ISIS"</a>. Doughty Street Chambers. 23 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930094830/https://www.doughtystreet.co.uk/news/paris-court-appeal-confirms-charges-against-french-multinational-lafarge-complicity-crimes">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Paris+Court+of+Appeal+confirms+charges+against+French+Multinational+Lafarge+for+complicity+in+crimes+against+humanity+committed+by+ISIS&rft.date=2022-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doughtystreet.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fparis-court-appeal-confirms-charges-against-french-multinational-lafarge-complicity-crimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7_septembre_2021_Court_de_cassation_Pourvoi_no._19-87.367_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourt_de_cassation2021" class="citation news cs1">Court de cassation (7 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courdecassation.fr/decision/6137092ff585960512dfe635?search_api_fulltext=lafarge&sort=&items_per_page=&judilibre_chambre=&judilibre_type=&judilibre_matiere=&judilibre_publication=&judilibre_solution=&op=&date_du=&date_au=">"Court de cassation Pourvoi no. 19-87.367"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930094826/https://www.courdecassation.fr/decision/6137092ff585960512dfe635?search_api_fulltext=lafarge&sort=&items_per_page=&judilibre_chambre=&judilibre_type=&judilibre_matiere=&judilibre_publication=&judilibre_solution=&op=&date_du=&date_au=">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Court+de+cassation+Pourvoi+no.+19-87.367&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft.au=Court+de+cassation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courdecassation.fr%2Fdecision%2F6137092ff585960512dfe635%3Fsearch_api_fulltext%3Dlafarge%26sort%3D%26items_per_page%3D%26judilibre_chambre%3D%26judilibre_type%3D%26judilibre_matiere%3D%26judilibre_publication%3D%26judilibre_solution%3D%26op%3D%26date_du%3D%26date_au%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charges_Confirmed_against_Lafarge_for_Complicity_in_Crimes_against_Humanity_in_Syria-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Charges_Confirmed_against_Lafarge_for_Complicity_in_Crimes_against_Humanity_in_Syria_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECCHR2022" class="citation news cs1">ECCHR (May 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecchr.eu/en/press-release/charges-confirmed-against-lafarge-for-complicity-in-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria/">"Charges Confirmed against Lafarge for Complicity in Crimes against Humanity in Syria"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518165410/https://www.ecchr.eu/en/press-release/charges-confirmed-against-lafarge-for-complicity-in-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Charges+Confirmed+against+Lafarge+for+Complicity+in+Crimes+against+Humanity+in+Syria&rft.date=2022-05-18&rft.au=ECCHR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecchr.eu%2Fen%2Fpress-release%2Fcharges-confirmed-against-lafarge-for-complicity-in-crimes-against-humanity-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/paris-appeals-court-upholds-charges-complicity-crimes-against-humanity-against-2022-05-18/">"Lafarge loses latest appeal over crimes against humanity charges"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2022-05-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706085904/https://www.reuters.com/world/paris-appeals-court-upholds-charges-complicity-crimes-against-humanity-against-2022-05-18/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Lafarge+loses+latest+appeal+over+crimes+against+humanity+charges&rft.date=2022-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fparis-appeals-court-upholds-charges-complicity-crimes-against-humanity-against-2022-05-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TU2008a-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TU2008a_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=702460">"Update at Ravena Cement Plant to Clean Air"</a>. Albany Times Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update+at+Ravena+Cement+Plant+to+Clean+Air&rft.pub=Albany+Times+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesunion.com%2FAspStories%2Fstory.asp%3FstoryID%3D702460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TU2008b-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TU2008b_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesunion.com/archives/secure/docheckout.asp?action=Get+Doc+Tag&dblist=TX2008_ALBANYTU&tagnum=200807240221&papid=albanytu&suffixes=false&synonyms=false&thesfile=savesufx.fth&view=rtemplate&templatetype=legacy&outputtype=DOCXSLT">"Update at Ravena Cement Plant to Clean Air"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update+at+Ravena+Cement+Plant+to+Clean+Air&rft.pub=Albany+Times+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesunion.com%2Farchives%2Fsecure%2Fdocheckout.asp%3Faction%3DGet%2BDoc%2BTag%26dblist%3DTX2008_ALBANYTU%26tagnum%3D200807240221%26papid%3Dalbanytu%26suffixes%3Dfalse%26synonyms%3Dfalse%26thesfile%3Dsavesufx.fth%26view%3Drtemplate%26templatetype%3Dlegacy%26outputtype%3DDOCXSLT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicnewsservice.org/index.php?%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F16878-1">"NY Plant at Heart of Cement-Making Air Pollution Battle"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155324/http://www.publicnewsservice.org/index.php?%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F16878-1">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NY+Plant+at+Heart+of+Cement-Making+Air+Pollution+Battle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicnewsservice.org%2Findex.php%3F%252Fcontent%252Farticle%252F16878-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/signpost/index.html?VIEW=STFA&trilib=TRIQ0&TAB_RPT=1&_LINESPP=&sort=RE_TOLBY&INDUSTRY=ALL&FLD=RELLBY&FLD=TSFDSP&FLD=RE_TOLBY&sort_fmt=2&TopN=&STATE=36&COUNTY=All+counties&CHEMICAL=007439976&CHEMICAL=N458&YEAR=2009&BGCOLOR=">"US EPA"</a>. <i>www.epa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019074341/https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/signpost/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.epa.gov&rft.atitle=US+EPA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2Fsignpost%2Findex.html%3FVIEW%3DSTFA%26trilib%3DTRIQ0%26TAB_RPT%3D1%26_LINESPP%3D%26sort%3DRE_TOLBY%26INDUSTRY%3DALL%26FLD%3DRELLBY%26FLD%3DTSFDSP%26FLD%3DRE_TOLBY%26sort_fmt%3D2%26TopN%3D%26STATE%3D36%26COUNTY%3DAll%2Bcounties%26CHEMICAL%3D007439976%26CHEMICAL%3DN458%26YEAR%3D2009%26BGCOLOR%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/investigations/lafarge/">"Lafarge Cement Plant"</a>. <i>www.health.ny.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131221161449/http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/investigations/lafarge/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.health.ny.gov&rft.atitle=Lafarge+Cement+Plant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.ny.gov%2Fenvironmental%2Finvestigations%2Flafarge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/2e777a3c07b77bca85257bb1005a98cf!opendocument">"07/23/2013: Lafarge North America Inc. Agrees to Environmental Projects as Part of Clean Air Act Agreement"</a>. <i>yosemite.epa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219041215/http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/2e777a3c07b77bca85257bb1005a98cf!opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yosemite.epa.gov&rft.atitle=07%2F23%2F2013%3A+Lafarge+North+America+Inc.+Agrees+to+Environmental+Projects+as+Part+of+Clean+Air+Act+Agreement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyosemite.epa.gov%2Fopa%2Fadmpress.nsf%2Fd0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d%2F2e777a3c07b77bca85257bb1005a98cf%21opendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/92539.html">"A.G. Schneiderman & DEC Commissioner Martens Announce Continuing Air Pollution Reductions - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation"</a>. <i>www.dec.ny.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018142247/http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/92539.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dec.ny.gov&rft.atitle=A.G.+Schneiderman+%26+DEC+Commissioner+Martens+Announce+Continuing+Air+Pollution+Reductions+-+NYS+Dept.+of+Environmental+Conservation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dec.ny.gov%2Fpress%2F92539.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafarge-na.com/wps/portal/na/en/1_8_1-Latest_NewsDetail?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnectlib_na%2FSite_na%2FAllPR%2FPressRelease_1384871431435%2FPR_Header">"Press Room < About Us: Lafarge"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219094622/http://www.lafarge-na.com/wps/portal/na/en/1_8_1-Latest_NewsDetail?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnectlib_na%2FSite_na%2FAllPR%2FPressRelease_1384871431435%2FPR_Header">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New%2C+less-polluting+cement+plant+rises+in+Ravena&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesunion.com%2Ftuplus-business%2Farticle%2FNew-less-polluting-cement-plant-rises-in-Ravena-6673902.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafarge+%28company%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ero.ontario.ca/index.php/notice/019-0240#proponent(s)">"Lafarge Canada Inc. - Permit to take water Instrument type: Permit to take water"</a>. <i>Environmental Registry of Ontario</i>. 4 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190823221252/https://ero.ontario.ca/index.php/notice/019-0240#proponent(s)">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holcim" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holcim"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holcim_Group47" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holcim_Group" title="Holcim Group">Holcim Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands and<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggregate_Industries" title="Aggregate Industries">Aggregate Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevate_(brand)" title="Elevate (brand)">Elevate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holcim" title="Holcim">Holcim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lafarge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafarge_Africa" title="Lafarge Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamburi_Cement" title="Bamburi Cement">Bamburi Cement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Circle">Blue Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hima_Cement_Limited" title="Hima Cement Limited">Hima Cement Limited</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holcim_Foundation_for_Sustainable_Construction" title="Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction">Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holcim_Awards_for_Sustainable_Construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction">Awards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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