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Josep Antoni Balcells i Camps | Real Academia de la Historia
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</div> </div> </form> </p> </center> </div> </section> </main> </section> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-8"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Josep Antoni Balcells i Camps</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/37349/josep-antoni-balcells-i-camps" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Balcells i Camps, Josep Antoni. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Sant Esteve de Castellar (Barcelona), 15.VIII.1777 – Barcelona, 1.VI.1857. Farmacéutico.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Hijo de farmacéutico, realizó sus prácticas y estudios correspondientes en la farmacia del padre en la ciudad de origen, y obtuvo el título de farmacéutico, examinándose por el Real Tribunal del Protomedicato de Cataluña y aprobando el 18 de noviembre de 1795. Estudió en el convento de los trinitarios calzados de Barcelona un curso de filosofía, que terminó en 1797; entre 1801 y 1802 asistió a los cursos de Farmacia y Química, impartidos por Joan Ametller, en el Col·legi de Medicina i Cirurgia de Barcelona. Fue alumno del doctor Carbonell i Bravo en 1805 y estudiante de matemáticas con fray Agustín Cañellas, director de la Escuela Náutica del Real Consulado de Cataluña durante los años 1806 y 1807.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Contribuyó a resolver importantes problemas de la industria de su país gracias a sus estudios y experimentos, citando como más importante el descubrimiento, en 1800, de la tinción del algodón de color encarnado de Adrianópolis, constituyendo una sociedad en Sant Martí de Provençals para tal fin. Sirvió en el ejército de operaciones de Cataluña durante la Guerra de la Independencia, en el cargo de ayudante de farmacia, en Vilafranca del Penedès.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El 18 de julio de 1804, fue nombrado, por la Junta Superior Gubernativa de Farmacia, visitador general de las boticas del arzobispado de Tarragona, obispados de Lleida y Tortosa y de la parte occidental del de Barcelona. El 30 de abril de 1815, la citada Junta le confirió el título de doctor en Farmacia. Se presentó a oposiciones en Madrid, y le fue concedida el 15 de julio de ese mismo año la plaza de primer catedrático del colegio de Farmacia San Victoriano de Barcelona, tras brillantes ejercicios. Se encargó de la enseñanza físico-química y desarrolló su labor como jefe local del referido colegio. El 23 de septiembre de 1815 le fueron concedidos por Real Orden los honores de boticario de Cámara de S. M. Emigró a Francia en 1823, tras ser perseguido por los liberales, adversarios políticos, pero regresó unos meses más tarde presentándose a la regencia del reino, quedando agregado al Colegio de San Fernando de Madrid, donde explicó la asignatura de Física y Química; el 10 de marzo de 1824 fue encargado de las otras cátedras vacantes. Al finalizar el curso fue autorizado para trasladarse al colegio de Farmacia de Barcelona. Fueron tales sus convicciones monárquicas y su afecto hacia el rey Fernando VII que éste le encargó la elaboración de los medicamentos que necesitaba la realeza.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Como publicista, Balcells fue uno de los más distinguidos de su época. Su cultura científica fue muy extensa, pues abarca profundos conocimientos, tanto en las ciencias naturales como en la física y en la química, habiéndose dedicado a los análisis químicos, en especial de aguas minerales. El 4 de noviembre de 1841 fue nombrado miembro de la comisión creada por el Colegio de Boticarios de Barcelona para estudiar y aprobar el proyecto presentado por Antonio Mínguez, para el establecimiento, “de cuenta de los colegiados”, de una fábrica de aguas minerales artificiales.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El 21 de marzo de 1842 se aprobó el proyecto.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Balcells perteneció a un gran número de academias y corporaciones científicas: la Academia Médica Matritense le confirió el título de socio el 9 de febrero de 1817; la Sociedad Amigos del País, de Écija, le nombró socio de la misma el 7 de marzo de 1820; la Acadèmia de Ciències i Arts de Barcelona le nombró socio de número el 10 de marzo de 1820; fue miembro asociado de la Sociedad Linneana de Narbona, el 1 de abril de 1822, y de la de París, el 25 de agosto de 1824, y socio corresponsal de la Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Barcelona desde el 3 de octubre de 1834.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Obras de ~: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Oración inaugural que en la apertura del Real Colegio de Farmacia de San Victoriano, de Barcelona, dixo el Dr. Balcells, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta de Agustín Roca, 1815; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Modo de analizar el terreno y de dosificarle según convenga a las diferentes plantas que se han de cultivar en él, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Academia Médica Matritense, 1817; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Importancia de la Farmacia en la Sociedad. Extracto de la oración inaugural, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta de Repullés, 1820; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Naturaleza, propiedades y modificaciones de la corteza terrestre. Oración inaugural leída en la apertura del Colegio de Farmacia de Barcelona, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, 1828; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Memoria físico-química aplicada a la medicina sobre la infección en general, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta José Torner, 1832; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Memoria acerca de un nuevo medicamento para la curación del cólera morbo asiático. Leída en la Real Academia de Medicina de Barcelona, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, 1833; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Memoria sobre los progresos de la física y química en la carrera de las artes, ó, Exposición de varios inventos y mejores que la física-química ofrece á la industria, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta de Brussi, 1838; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Moral Farmacéutica. Oración inaugural, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta Herederos de la viuda de Plá, 1839; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Dionisio y Honorato. Diálogo, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta de José Tarner, 1841; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Reconocimiento de Dios por las Ciencias Naturales. Oración inaugural, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta J. Vedaguer, 1844; “Monografía de los baños”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Restaurador Farmacéutico, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">VI (1850), págs. 130, 139, 146 y 155; “Reflexiones sobre las causas que desconceptúan y hacen poco productivo el ejercicio de la Farmacia en general y particularmente lo mucho que la envilece el símbolo de Mercurio”, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Restaurador Farmacéutico, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">IX (1853), págs. 21 y 24; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Medios de obtener los extractos medicinales con perfección, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta Ramírez, 1854; “De la desinfección”, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Restaurador Farmacéutico, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">II (1855), págs. 54, 58, 62 y 66; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Reflexiones sobre la clasificación de los extractos vegetales y reforma que necesita la nomenclatura de sus géneros, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta Ramírez, 1856.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: Q. Chiarlone y C. Mallaina, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia de la Farmacia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">2.ª ed., Madrid, José M. Ducazcal, 1865, pág. 576; A. Elias de Molins, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diccionario biográfico y bibliográfico de artistas y escritores catalanes del siglo XIX, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">t. I, Imprenta de Calzada, Barcelona, 1889-1895, pág. 222; L. Martínez Reguera, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Biblioteca hidrológica-médica española, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, 1892, pág. 451; R. Folch Andreu, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Elementos de Historia de la Farmacia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, Imprenta viuda de A. G. Izquierdo, 1927, pág. 457; R. Roldán, “Dr. D. José Antonio Balcells y Camps (1777-1857)”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Boletín Sociedad Española Histórica de la Farmacia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">VIII, 30 (1957), págs. 75-77; J. L. Gómez Caamaño, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Historia del Real Colegio de Farmacia San Victoriano, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Girona, Col·legi de Farmacéutics, 1958, págs. 34-35; R. Jordi y J. Corbella, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">vol. III, Barcelona, Enciclopèdia Catalana, 1971, pág. 74; R. Jordi González, “La conspiració de les metzines (Barcelona 1812)” (comunicación presentada) en el </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Congreso Internacional de Historia de la Farmacia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">París, 28 de septiembre de 1973 (Rafael Dalmau, Barcelona, 1974); R. Jordi González, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cien años de vida farmacéutica barcelonesa (1830-1939), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">La Bisbal d’Empordà, Gráficas Gispert, 1982, págs. 19, 21 y 60; A. Carmona i Cornet, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">De l’apotecari al farmacèutic. Els farmacèutics catalans dels segles XVIII i XIX, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Publicacions i Edicions, Universitat de Barcelona, 1983, págs. 270-274; A. Carmona i Cornet, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Història de la Farmàcia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Gráficas Signo, S.A., 2003, 9.ª ed., págs. 122-124.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Anna Maria Carmona y Cornet y R. 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