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</button> <ul id="toc-Historical_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Great_Rapprochement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Rapprochement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Great Rapprochement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Rapprochement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entente_Cordiale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entente_Cordiale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Entente Cordiale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entente_Cordiale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese-American_rapprochement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese-American_rapprochement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Chinese-American rapprochement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese-American_rapprochement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Détente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Détente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Détente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Détente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methods_and_causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods_and_causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Methods and causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methods_and_causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See 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searchaux" style="display:none">French term for re-establishment of friendly relations</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a>, a <b>rapprochement</b>, which comes from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> word <i>rapprocher</i> ("to bring together"), is a re-establishment of cordial relations between two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be done due to a mutual antagonist, as the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> was seen by both <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> at the time of their signing of the <a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">Entente Cordiale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been done, particularly in the cold war between the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, in an effort to reduce tensions and the likelihood of war. </p><p>In the political scene of an individual country, rapprochement means the bringing together of diverse political factions as, for example, during <a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi#Metapolitefsi_through_Democracy:_The_transition_that_worked" title="Metapolitefsi">metapolitefsi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. </p><p>The word is also used in a personal sense: when friends or family members who are in conflict or have become estranged reestablish a friendlier relationship, they achieve a rapprochement. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_examples">Historical examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Rapprochement">The Great Rapprochement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Great Rapprochement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relations between the United States and the United Kingdom warmed significantly in the period leading up to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. After multiple border and influence disputes in the 19th century, particularly that of the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1895" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1895">Anglo-American border dispute in Venezuela</a>, interests in the western hemisphere aligned. Public opinion in the United Kingdom supported the United States in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, though previously they were skeptical of American domination of the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than intervene, the British government remained neutral. Likewise, the government of the United States refused to aid the Boers in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Boer War</a>, and instead sold limited amounts of war materials to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roots of this rapprochement were both not only strategic, but cultural; many notable political figures including <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">President Theodore Roosevelt</a> supported the United Kingdom on the basis of supporting "Anglo-Saxon" culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entente_Cordiale">Entente Cordiale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Entente Cordiale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Entente Cordiale was a series of diplomatic agreements between the United Kingdom and France in 1904 that saw the warming of relations and simplification of overseas borders.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, the original cause for the negotiations was the disputed north African colonies of both colonial powers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diplomats agreed to colonial concessions in order to prevent colonial conflict between the two; it would eventually grow to be a military alliance acting as a counterweight to the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882)" title="Triple Alliance (1882)">Triple Alliance</a> that would see conflict in World War I. Rather than a formal agreement to military aid, the Entente Cordiale grew with the various diplomatic crises leading up to World War I. The effects of rapprochement could be seen with Franco-British unity in the <a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Moroccan Crisis</a> against the German Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese-American_rapprochement">Chinese-American rapprochement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chinese-American rapprochement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg/250px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg/375px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg/500px-President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2142" /></a><figcaption>General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> (left) shakes hands with President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (right) during <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_1972_visit_to_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China">the latter's visit to China in 1972</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The mending of <a href="/wiki/Sino-American_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-American relations">relations</a> between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> under <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> from 1972 onward can be considered to be rapprochement. In a 1979 reversal of previous diplomatic policy, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations</a> ended the official recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> and caused the American withdrawal of troops from Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the culmination of a warming of relations, effectively recognizing the People's Republic of China (as opposed to the Republic of China) as the sole government of China and led to a transformation of the bilateral relationship in the modern era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Détente"><span id="D.C3.A9tente"></span>Détente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Détente"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The period known as <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a>, or "relaxation", between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1970s was a time of rapprochement. Treaties limiting the scope and number of strategic weapons, including <a href="/wiki/SALT_I" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT I">SALT I</a>, were signed. This was partially in response to construction of missile defense systems, which would allow a nation to launch a <a href="/wiki/Pre-emptive_nuclear_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emptive nuclear strike">first strike</a> and shoot down retaliation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, agreements were signed to reduce the feasibility of a first strike - while further agreements sought to reduce strategic weapons systems, rather than cap them.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to more cordial relations overall between the two superpowers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods_and_causes">Methods and causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Methods and causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rapprochement often begins with a joint policy, treaty or statement, such as with the SALT I treaty or the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. Often, the rapprochement occurs specifically in an attempt to counter another power, like with Chinese-American rapprochement targeted towards the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, France and the United Kingdom sought to counter the German Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/rapprochement" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/rapprochement">rapprochement</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Rapprochement" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Rapprochement">The Great Rapprochement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">Entente Cordiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719224740/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rapprochement">"rapprochement - definition of rapprochement in English from the Oxford dictionary"</a>. <i>oxforddictionaries.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rapprochement">the original</a> on July 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxforddictionaries.com&rft.atitle=rapprochement+-+definition+of+rapprochement+in+English+from+the+Oxford+dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Frapprochement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattesWeeks2024" class="citation journal cs1">Mattes, Michaela; Weeks, Jessica L.P. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-024603">"From Foes to Friends: The Causes of Interstate Rapprochement and Conciliation"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Political Science</i>. <b>27</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-041322-024603">10.1146/annurev-polisci-041322-024603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2939">1094-2939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=From+Foes+to+Friends%3A+The+Causes+of+Interstate+Rapprochement+and+Conciliation&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-041322-024603&rft.issn=1094-2939&rft.aulast=Mattes&rft.aufirst=Michaela&rft.au=Weeks%2C+Jessica+L.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annualreviews.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-polisci-041322-024603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew,_Christopher_M.1968" class="citation book cs1">Andrew, Christopher M. (1968). <i>Théophile Delcassé and the making of the Entente Cordiale</i>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/641439750">641439750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Th%C3%A9ophile+Delcass%C3%A9+and+the+making+of+the+Entente+Cordiale&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F641439750&rft.au=Andrew%2C+Christopher+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWill_KaufmanHeidi_Slettedahl_Macpherson" class="citation book cs1">Will Kaufman; Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson (eds.). <i>Britain and the Americas : culture, politics, and history : a multidisciplinary encyclopedia</i>. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849723817" title="Special:BookSources/9781849723817"><bdi>9781849723817</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/299474335">299474335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+Americas+%3A+culture%2C+politics%2C+and+history+%3A+a+multidisciplinary+encyclopedia&rft.pages=48-49&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F299474335&rft.isbn=9781849723817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson,_Douglas2004" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Douglas (2004). <i>Cross-Channel currents 100 hundred years of the Entente Cordiale</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203624586" title="Special:BookSources/9780203624586"><bdi>9780203624586</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1086417487">1086417487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross-Channel+currents+100+hundred+years+of+the+Entente+Cordiale&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1086417487&rft.isbn=9780203624586&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"People's Republic of China-United States: Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". <i>International Legal Materials</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 272–275. January 1979. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0020782900043886">10.1017/s0020782900043886</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7829">0020-7829</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249005911">249005911</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Legal+Materials&rft.atitle=People%27s+Republic+of+China-United+States%3A+Establishment+of+Diplomatic+Relations&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=272-275&rft.date=1979-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249005911%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0020-7829&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0020782900043886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/salt">"Milestones: 1969–1976 - Office of the Historian"</a>. <i>history.state.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.state.gov&rft.atitle=Milestones%3A+1969%E2%80%931976+-+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1969-1976%2Fsalt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLüthi,_Lorenz_M.2010" class="citation book cs1">Lüthi, Lorenz M. (2010). <i>The Sino-Soviet Split : Cold War in the Communist World</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1282964754" title="Special:BookSources/978-1282964754"><bdi>978-1282964754</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/824163308">824163308</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sino-Soviet+Split+%3A+Cold+War+in+the+Communist+World&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F824163308&rft.isbn=978-1282964754&rft.au=L%C3%BCthi%2C+Lorenz+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARapprochement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&oldid=1236948494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapprochement&oldid=1236948494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diplomacy" title="Category:Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 July 2024, at 10:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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