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<li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trading_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trading_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trading times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trading_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Indices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SSE's_Top_10_Largest_Stocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SSE's_Top_10_Largest_Stocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>SSE's Top 10 Largest Stocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SSE's_Top_10_Largest_Stocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listing_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listing_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Listing requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listing_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shanghai Stock Exchange</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="بورصة شنغهاي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورصة شنغهاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsa_de_Shanghai" title="Bolsa de Shanghai – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bolsa de Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88" title="شانقهای بورسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شانقهای بورسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%8Dng-h%C3%A1i_Ch%C3%A8ng-k%C7%B9g_Kau-e%CC%8Dk-s%C3%B3%CD%98" title="Siōng-hái Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siōng-hái Chèng-kǹg Kau-e̍k-só͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Шанхайска фондова борса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шанхайска фондова борса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsa_de_Shanghai" title="Borsa de Shanghai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Borsa de Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anghajsk%C3%A1_burza" title="Šanghajská burza – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šanghajská burza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shanghai Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shanghai Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsa_de_Shangh%C3%A1i" title="Bolsa de Shanghái – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bolsa de Shanghái" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaiko_burtsa" title="Shanghaiko burtsa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shanghaiko burtsa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="بورس شانگهای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بورس شانگهای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shanghai Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A6%9D%EA%B6%8C%EA%B1%B0%EB%9E%98%EC%86%8C" title="상하이 증권거래소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상하이 증권거래소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Շանհայի ֆոնդային բորսա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շանհայի ֆոնդային բորսա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C" title="शंघाई स्टॉक एक्सचेंज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शंघाई स्टॉक एक्सचेंज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa_Efek_Shanghai" title="Bursa Efek Shanghai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bursa Efek Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsa_di_Shanghai" title="Borsa di Shanghai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Borsa di Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%97%D7%90%D7%99" title="הבורסה לניירות ערך בשאנגחאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבורסה לניירות ערך בשאנגחאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0anchajaus_vertybini%C5%B3_popieri%C5%B3_bir%C5%BEa" title="Šanchajaus vertybinių popierių birža – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šanchajaus vertybinių popierių birža" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanghaji_%C3%89rt%C3%A9kt%C5%91zsde" title="Sanghaji Értéktőzsde – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sanghaji Értéktőzsde" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%89" title="بورصة شنجهاى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بورصة شنجهاى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Shanghai" title="Bursa Saham Shanghai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bursa Saham Shanghai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6" title="Шанхайн Хөрөнгийн бирж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шанхайн Хөрөнгийн бирж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shanghai Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="साङ्घाई स्टक एक्सचेन्ज – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साङ्घाई स्टक एक्सचेन्ज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%A8%BC%E5%88%B8%E5%8F%96%E5%BC%95%E6%89%80" title="上海証券取引所 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="上海証券取引所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaib%C3%B8rsen" title="Shanghaibørsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shanghaibørsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szanghajska_Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych" title="Szanghajska Giełda Papierów Wartościowych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szanghajska Giełda Papierów Wartościowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsa_de_Valores_de_Xangai" title="Bolsa de Valores de Xangai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bolsa de Valores de Xangai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shanghai Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Шанхайская фондовая биржа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шанхайская фондовая биржа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Shanghai Stock Exchange" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghain_p%C3%B6rssi" title="Shanghain pörssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shanghain pörssi" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&params=31_14_12.3_N_121_30_31.5_E_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°14′12.3″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°30′31.5″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.236750°N 121.508750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.236750; 121.508750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stock exchange in Shanghai, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Shanghai Stock Exchange</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">上海证券交易所</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_logo.svg/220px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_logo.svg/330px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_logo.svg/440px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="143" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg/220px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg/330px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg/440px-Shanghai_Stock_Exchange_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data note">Shanghai, China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&params=31_14_12.3_N_121_30_31.5_E_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°14′12.3″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°30′31.5″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.236750°N 121.508750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.236750; 121.508750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1891<span class="noprint">; 134 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1891</span>)</span> (as Shanghai Sharebrokers Association)<br />November 26, 1990<span class="noprint">; 34 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1990-11-26</span>)</span> (as Shanghai Stock Exchange)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data">Geng Liang <small>(<a href="/wiki/Chair_(official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair (official)">Chairman</a>)</small><br />Zhang Yujun <small>(<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CNY</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of listings</th><td class="infobox-data">2,269 (September 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-http://english.sse.com.cn/_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://english.sse.com.cn/-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market cap</a></th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</a>45071.40 billion (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>6.41 trillion)(September 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-WFE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Indices</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SSE_Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="SSE Composite">SSE Composite</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/SSE_50" class="mw-redirect" title="SSE 50">SSE 50</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.sse.com.cn/">english<wbr />.sse<wbr />.com<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1992_Shanghai_Stock_Warrant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1992_Shanghai_Stock_Warrant.jpg/220px-1992_Shanghai_Stock_Warrant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1992_Shanghai_Stock_Warrant.jpg/330px-1992_Shanghai_Stock_Warrant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1992_Shanghai_Stock_Warrant.jpg/440px-1992_Shanghai_Stock_Warrant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>In 1992, the SSE issued its first stock warrant.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Shanghai Stock Exchange</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">上海证券交易所</span>, <b>SSE</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> based in the city of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, the others being the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Stock_Exchange" title="Beijing Stock Exchange">Beijing Stock Exchange</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">Shenzhen Stock Exchange</a>. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">third-largest stock market</a> by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a>, exceeding $6 trillion in July 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-World-exchanges.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World-exchanges.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Hong Kong Stock Exchange</a>, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and often affected by the decisions of the central government<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to <a href="/wiki/Capital_control" title="Capital control">capital account controls</a> exercised by the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Chinese mainland</a> authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1891, Shanghai founded China's first exchange system. The current stock exchange was re-established on November 26, 1990, and was in operation on December 19 of the same year. It is a non-profit organization directly administered by the <a href="/wiki/China_Securities_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Securities Regulatory Commission">China Securities Regulatory Commission</a> (CSRC). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The formation of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">International Settlement</a> (foreign concession areas) in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> was the result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanking" title="Treaty of Nanking">Treaty of Nanking</a> of 1842 (which ended the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>) and subsequent agreements between the Chinese and foreign governments were crucial to the development of foreign trade in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and of the foreign community in Shanghai. The market for <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">securities</a> trading in Shanghai begins in the late 1860s. The first shares list appeared in June 1866 and by then Shanghai's International Settlement had developed the conditions conducive to the emergence of a share market: several banks, a legal framework for <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">joint-stock companies</a>, and an interest in diversification among the established trading houses (although the trading houses themselves remained partnerships). </p><p>In the 1880s and 1890s, during the boom in mining shares, foreign businessmen founded the "Shanghai Sharebrokers' Association" headquartered in Shanghai as China's first stock exchange. In 1904, the Association applied for registration in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> under the provision of the Companies ordinance and was renamed as the "Shanghai Stock Exchange". The supply of securities came primarily from local companies. In the early days, banks dominated private shares but, by 1880, only the Hong Kong and Shanghai local banks remained. </p><p>Later in 1920 and 1921, "Shanghai Securities & Commodities Exchange" and "Shanghai Chinese Merchant Exchange" started operation respectively. An amalgamation eventually took place in 1929, and the combined markets operated thereafter as the "Shanghai Stock Exchange". Shipping, insurance, and docks persisted to 1940 but were overshadowed by industrial shares after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> of 1895, which permitted <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and by extension other nations which had treaties with China, to establish factories in Shanghai and other treaty ports. Rubber plantations became the staple of stock trading beginning in the second decade of the 20th century. </p><p>By the 1930s, Shanghai had emerged as the financial center of the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, where both Chinese and foreign investors could trade stocks, <a href="/wiki/Debenture" title="Debenture">debentures</a>, government bonds, and <a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">futures</a>. The operation of Shanghai Stock Exchange came to an abrupt halt after <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> troops occupied the Shanghai International Settlement on December 8, 1941. In 1946, the Shanghai Stock Exchange resumed its operations before closing again 3 years later in 1949, after the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Communist revolution</a> took place. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> ended and <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> rose to power, China was re-opened to the outside world in 1978. During the 1980s, China's securities market evolved in tandem with the country's economic reform and opening up and the development of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">socialist market economy</a>. On 26 November 1990, the Shanghai Stock Exchange was re-established and operations began a few weeks later on 19 December.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Shanghai Stock Exchange was under municipal control and termed an "experimental point" until 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 102–103">: 102–103 </span></sup> In 1997, the central government brought the exchange (as well as the Shenzhen stock exchange) under central government control and affirmed that the exchanges had a legitimate role in the socialist market economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 102">: 102 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the Shanghai Stock Exchange launched the STAR Market, featuring only technology-related companies, as a rival to the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanghai_Composite_Index.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/Shanghai_Composite_Index.PNG/400px-Shanghai_Composite_Index.PNG" decoding="async" width="400" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0a/Shanghai_Composite_Index.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>The Shanghai (SSE) Composite Index: 1991 to start of 2009.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1866 – The first share list appeared in June.</li> <li>1871 – Speculative bubble burst triggered by monetary panic.</li> <li>1883 – Credit crisis resulted speculation in Chinese companies.</li> <li>1890 – Bank crisis started from Hong Kong.</li> <li>1891 – "Shanghai Sharebrokers Association" established.</li> <li>1895 – Treaty of Shimonoseki opened Chinese market to foreign investors.</li> <li>1904 – Renamed to "Shanghai Stock Exchange".</li> <li>1909 – 1910 – Rubber boom.</li> <li>1911 – Revolution and the abdication of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. Founding of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>.</li> <li>1914 – Market closed for a few months due to the <a href="/wiki/Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great War">Great War</a> (World War I).</li> <li>1919 – Speculation in cotton shares.</li> <li>1925 – Second rubber boom.</li> <li>1929 – "Shanghai Securities & Commodities Exchange" and "Shanghai Chinese Merchant Exchange" were merged into the existing Shanghai Stock Exchange.</li> <li>1931 – Incursion of Japanese forces into northern China.</li> <li>1930s – The market was dominated by the rubber share price movements.</li> <li>1941 – The market closed on Friday, 5 December. Japanese troops occupied Shanghai.</li> <li>1946 – 1949 – Temporary resumption of the Shanghai Stock Exchange until the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Revolution_(1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Revolution (1949)">communist revolution</a>. Founding of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> in 1949.</li> <li>1978 – <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> emerged as the dominant figure in China's leadership, thus beginning a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economic reform">period of 'opening up' to the rest of the world</a>.</li> <li>1981 – Trading in treasury bonds was resumed.</li> <li>1984 – Company stocks and corporate bonds emerged in Shanghai and a few other cities.</li> <li>1990 – The present Shanghai Stock Exchange re-opened on November 26 and began operation on December 19.</li> <li>1992 – <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping%27s_Southern_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour">Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour</a> saved China's <a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">capital market</a> and the two stock exchanges (the other is <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">Shenzhen Stock Exchange</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:12_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997 – The <a href="/wiki/State_council_of_china" class="mw-redirect" title="State council of china">State Council of China</a> decided that the Shanghai Stock Exchange would be directly managed by the <a href="/wiki/China_Securities_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Securities Regulatory Commission">China Securities Regulatory Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 – 2005 – A four-year market slump which saw Shanghai's market value halved, after reaching a peak in 2001. A ban on new <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPOs</a> was put in April 2005 to curb the slump and allow more than US$200 billion of mostly state-owned equity to be converted to tradable shares.</li> <li>2006 – The SSE resumed full operation as the yearlong ban on IPOs was lifted in May. The world's second largest (US$21.9 billion) IPO by the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_of_China" title="Industrial and Commercial Bank of China">Industrial and Commercial Bank of China</a> (ICBC) was launched in both Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 – 2008 – A "stock market frenzy" as speculative traders rush into the market, making China's stock exchange temporarily the world's second largest in terms of <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">turnover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reaching an all-time high of 6,124.044 points on October 16, 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index ended 2008 down a record 65%<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly due to the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Late_2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late 2000s recession">global economic crisis</a> which started in mid-2008.</li> <li>2010 – <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Bank_of_China" title="Agricultural Bank of China">Agricultural Bank of China</a> completed the world's largest IPO as of that year and until 2014, worth US$22.1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015 – <a href="/wiki/2015_Chinese_stock_exchange_fall" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Chinese stock exchange fall">height variations on stocks' values</a>, with solid raise in early 2015 followed by −30% fall in June–July.</li> <li>2019 – Launched the STAR Market.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Qualified_Foreign_Institutional_Investor" title="Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor">Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor</a></div> <p>The securities listed at the SSE include the three main categories of <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Collective_investment_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective investment scheme">funds</a>. Bonds traded on SSE include <a href="/wiki/Treasury_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasury bond">treasury bonds</a> (T-bond), <a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">corporate bonds</a>, and convertible corporate bonds. SSE T-bond market is the most active of its kind in China. There are two types of stocks being issued in the Shanghai Stock Exchange: "A" shares and "B" shares. A shares are priced in the local <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">renminbi</a> yuan currency, while B shares are quoted in <a href="/wiki/U.S._dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. dollar">U.S. dollars</a>. Initially, trading in A shares is restricted to domestic investors only while B shares are available to both domestic (since 2001) and foreign investors. However, after reforms were implemented in December 2002, foreign investors are now allowed (with limitations) to trade in A shares under the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) program which was officially launched in 2003. Currently, a total of 98 foreign institutional investors have been approved to buy and sell A shares under the QFII program. Quotas under the QFII program were US$30 billion and increased to US$80 billion as of April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-QFII_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QFII-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QFII_2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QFII_2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been a plan to eventually merge the two types of shares in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-merge_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merge-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trading_times">Trading times</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trading times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SSE is open for trading every Monday to Friday from 09:15 to 15:00. The morning session begins with centralized competitive pricing from 09:15 to 09:25, and continues with consecutive bidding from 09:30 to 11:30. This is followed by the afternoon consecutive bidding session, which starts from 13:00 to 14:57. The centralized competitive pricing starts again from 14:57 to 15:00 and continues with block trading from 15:00 to 15:30. The market is closed on Saturday and Sunday and other holidays announced by the SSE.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indices">Indices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SSE_Composite_Index" title="SSE Composite Index">SSE Composite Index</a></div> <p>The SSE Composite Index (also known as Shanghai Composite) Index is the most commonly used indicator to reflect SSE's market performance. Constituents for the SSE Composite Index are all listed stocks (A shares and B shares) at the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The Base Day for the SSE Composite Index is December 19, 1990. The Base Period is the total market capitalization of all stocks of that day. The Base Value is 100. The index was launched on July 15, 1991. At the end of 2006, the index reaches 2,675.47. Other important indexes used in the Shanghai Stock Exchanges include the <a href="/wiki/SSE_50_Index" title="SSE 50 Index">SSE 50 Index</a> and <a href="/wiki/SSE_180_Index" title="SSE 180 Index">SSE 180 Index</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SSE's_Top_10_Largest_Stocks"><span id="SSE.27s_Top_10_Largest_Stocks"></span>SSE's Top 10 Largest Stocks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: SSE's Top 10 Largest Stocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><small><i>Source: Shanghai Stock Exchange<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (market values in RMB/Chinese Yuan). Data arranged by market value. Updated on Aug 27 2020.</i></small> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kweichow_Moutai" title="Kweichow Moutai">Kweichow Moutai</a> (2,174 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_of_China" title="Industrial and Commercial Bank of China">Industrial and Commercial Bank of China</a> (1,339 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Bank_of_China" title="Agricultural Bank of China">Agricultural Bank of China</a> (1,027 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="China Life">China Life</a> (897 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_An_Insurance" title="Ping An Insurance">Ping An Insurance</a> (829 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Merchants_Bank" title="China Merchants Bank">China Merchants Bank</a> (761 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PetroChina" title="PetroChina">PetroChina</a> (717 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a> (691 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Haitian_Flavouring_%26_Food_Co" title="Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Co">Haitian Flavouring & Food</a> (593 billion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengrui_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hengrui Medicine">Hengrui Medicine</a> (499 billion)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Listing_requirements">Listing requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Listing requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the regulations of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Securities_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Securities Law of the People's Republic of China (page does not exist)">Securities Law of the People's Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Company_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Company Law of the People's Republic of China">Company Law of the People's Republic of China</a>, limited companies applying for the listing of shares must meet the following criteria: </p> <ul><li>The shares must have been publicly issued following approval of the State Council Securities Management Department.</li> <li>The company's total share capital must not be less than RMB 30 million.</li> <li>The company must have been in business for more than 3 years and have made profits over the last three consecutive years. This requirement also applies to former state-owned enterprises reincorporating as private or public enterprises. In the case of former state-owned enterprises re-established according to the law or founded after implementation of the law and if their issuers are large and medium state owned enterprises, it can be calculated consecutively. The number of shareholders with holdings of values reaching in excess of RMB 1,000 must not be less than 1,000 persons. Publicly offered shares must be more than 25% of the company's total share capital. For company whose total share capital exceeds RMB 400 million, the ratio of publicly offered shares must be more than 15%.</li> <li>The company must not have committed any major illegal activities or false accounting records in the last three years.</li></ul> <p>Other conditions stipulated by the State Council. </p> <ul><li>China currently has a preference for domestic firms only to list onto their stock exchanges; India has similar rules. However, China considered opening up their capital markets to foreign firms in 2010.</li></ul> <p>The conditions for applications for the listing of shares by limited companies involved in high and new technology are set out separately by the State Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building">Building</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SSE is housed at the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Securities_Exchange_Building" title="Shanghai Securities Exchange Building">Shanghai Securities Exchange Building</a> since 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_ownership">Other ownership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Shanghai Stock Exchange owns a 40% stake in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Stock_Exchange" title="Pakistan Stock Exchange">Pakistan Stock Exchange</a> (PSX).<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 154–155">: 154–155 </span></sup> PSX is integrated with China's stock market through the China Connect Interface, allowing Chinese investors to more easily enter Pakistan's stock markets.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 155">: 155 </span></sup> </p><p>The Shanghai Stock Exchange is a part owner of the <a href="/wiki/Astana_International_Financial_Centre" title="Astana International Financial Centre">Astana International Financial Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 154">: 154 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Securities_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Securities Regulatory Commission">China Securities Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Hong Kong Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">Shenzhen Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metal_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Metal Exchange">Shanghai Metal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSE_Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="SSE Composite">SSE Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untraded_shares" class="mw-redirect" title="Untraded shares">Untraded shares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading_stock" title="Leading stock">Leading stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping%27s_Southern_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour">Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists">Lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese companies">List of Chinese companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">List of stock exchanges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-http://english.sse.com.cn/-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-http://english.sse.com.cn/_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Aldershot: Ashgate Pub Ltd (2001, hardcover). xii + 328 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-0246-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-0246-X">0-7546-0246-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:42_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:42_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeilmann2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Heilmann" title="Sebastian Heilmann">Heilmann, Sebastian</a> (2018). <i>Red Swan: How Unorthodox Policy-Making Facilitated China's Rise</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press">The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv2n7q6b">10.2307/j.ctv2n7q6b</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-996-827-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-996-827-4"><bdi>978-962-996-827-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2n7q6b">j.ctv2n7q6b</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Swan%3A+How+Unorthodox+Policy-Making+Facilitated+China%27s+Rise&rft.pub=The+Chinese+University+of+Hong+Kong+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv2n7q6b%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv2n7q6b&rft.isbn=978-962-996-827-4&rft.aulast=Heilmann&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/21/investing/china-star-market-tech-board/index.html">"China's answer to the Nasdaq just had a crazy first day. Stocks gained 140%"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 22 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214153614/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/21/investing/china-star-market-tech-board/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=China%27s+answer+to+the+Nasdaq+just+had+a+crazy+first+day.+Stocks+gained+140%25&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F07%2F21%2Finvesting%2Fchina-star-market-tech-board%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jul/22/chinese-tech-shares-nasdaq-market-star-us-trade-war">"Chinese tech shares leap up to 500% as Nasdaq-style market launches | Stock markets | The Guardian"</a>. <i>amp.theguardian.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111193418/https://amp.theguardian.com/business/2019/jul/22/chinese-tech-shares-nasdaq-market-star-us-trade-war">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amp.theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Chinese+tech+shares+leap+up+to+500%25+as+Nasdaq-style+market+launches+%26%23124%3B+Stock+markets+%26%23124%3B+The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2Fjul%2F22%2Fchinese-tech-shares-nasdaq-market-star-us-trade-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49067702">"Shares soar at 'China's Nasdaq' market debut"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. July 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216100152/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49067702">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Shares+soar+at+%27China%27s+Nasdaq%27+market+debut&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-49067702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/22/china-markets-analysts-on-shanghais-new-nasdaq-style-star-tech-board.html">"Analysts urge caution as stocks on Shanghai's new Nasdaq-style tech board surge"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. July 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216094221/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/22/china-markets-analysts-on-shanghais-new-nasdaq-style-star-tech-board.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Analysts+urge+caution+as+stocks+on+Shanghai%27s+new+Nasdaq-style+tech+board+surge&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F07%2F22%2Fchina-markets-analysts-on-shanghais-new-nasdaq-style-star-tech-board.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalter2014" class="citation journal cs1">Walter, Carl E. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jacf.12075">"Was Deng Xiaoping Right? An Overview of China's Equity Markets"</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Corporate Finance</i>. <b>26</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">8–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjacf.12075">10.1111/jacf.12075</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10.1111%2Fjacf.12075">10.1111/jacf.12075</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1745-6622">1745-6622</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153763863">153763863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Corporate+Finance&rft.atitle=Was+Deng+Xiaoping+Right%3F+An+Overview+of+China%27s+Equity+Markets&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10.1111%2Fjacf.12075&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153763863%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1745-6622&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjacf.12075&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=Carl+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fjacf.12075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:13_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623054444/http://www.chinareform.org.cn/special/2013/reform35/Process/201312/t20131218_183690.htm">"邓小平南巡讲话：奠定中国证券市场发展的春天_中国改革论坛网"</a>. <i>www.chinareform.org.cn</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AgBank+IPO+officially+the+world%27s+biggest&rft.pub=Financial+Times&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fff7d528c-a6bc-11df-8d1e-00144feabdc0.html%3Fftcamp%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-ipo-biggest-in-history-as-bankers-exercise-green-shoe-option-1411334271">"Alibaba IPO Biggest in History as Bankers Exercise 'Green Shoe' Option"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alibaba+IPO+Biggest+in+History+as+Bankers+Exercise+%27Green+Shoe%27+Option&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Falibaba-ipo-biggest-in-history-as-bankers-exercise-green-shoe-option-1411334271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QFII-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QFII_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aM4E27602pNU">"Legg Mason Seeks China License to Trade Yuan-Denominated Stocks"</a>. Bloomberg. 2009-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Legg+Mason+Seeks+China+License+to+Trade+Yuan-Denominated+Stocks&rft.date=2009-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3Dnewsarchive%26sid%3DaM4E27602pNU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QFII_2012-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QFII_2012_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/qualified-foreign-institutional-investor-qfii.asp">"Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor – QFII"</a>. Investopedia. 2018-05-31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111193344/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/qualified-foreign-institutional-investor-qfii.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Qualified+Foreign+Institutional+Investor+%E2%80%93+QFII&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fq%2Fqualified-foreign-institutional-investor-qfii.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merge-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-merge_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/09/18/bloomberg/sxchib.php">"Merger talk spurs B-shares"</a>. International Herald Tribune. 2006-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Merger+talk+spurs+B-shares&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2006%2F09%2F18%2Fbloomberg%2Fsxchib.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.sse.com.cn/start/trading/schedule/">Shanghai Stock Exchange Trading Schedule</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shanghai Stock Exchange, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sse.com.cn/market/stockdata/marketvalue/">Market Value</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111193351/http://www.sse.com.cn/market/stockdata/marketvalue/">Archived</a> 2023-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Aug 27 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Curtis&Klaus-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Curtis&Klaus_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtisKlaus2024" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Simon; Klaus, Ian (2024). <i>The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order</i>. New Haven and London: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fjj.11589102">10.2307/jj.11589102</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300266900" title="Special:BookSources/9780300266900"><bdi>9780300266900</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.11589102">jj.11589102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Belt+and+Road+City%3A+Geopolitics%2C+Urbanization%2C+and+China%27s+Search+for+a+New+International+Order&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fjj.11589102%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fjj.11589102&rft.isbn=9780300266900&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Klaus%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShanghai+Stock+Exchange" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stock_exchanges_top_25" title="Template:Stock exchanges top 25"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stock_exchanges_top_25" title="Template talk:Stock exchanges top 25"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stock_exchanges_top_25" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stock exchanges top 25"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_stock_exchanges_by_market_capitalization76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Largest stock exchanges by market capitalization</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">Tokyo Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong"><img alt="Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Hong Kong Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">Shenzhen Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange of India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Exchange">Saudi Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Stock_Exchange" title="Taiwan Stock Exchange">Taiwan Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Nordic" title="Nasdaq Nordic">Nasdaq Nordic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Exchange" title="Korea Exchange">Korea Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolsas_y_Mercados_Espa%C3%B1oles" title="Bolsas y Mercados Españoles">BME Spanish Exchanges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">JSE Limited</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Indonesia Stock Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/B3_(stock_exchange)" title="B3 (stock exchange)">B3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Exchange" title="Singapore Exchange">Singapore Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow Exchange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_of_Thailand" title="Stock Exchange of Thailand">Stock Exchange of Thailand</a></span></li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Federation_of_Exchanges74" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="Template:World Federation of Exchanges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="Template talk:World Federation of Exchanges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Federation of Exchanges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Federation_of_Exchanges74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="World Federation of Exchanges">World Federation of Exchanges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Securities_Exchange" title="Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange">Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amman_Stock_Exchange" title="Amman Stock Exchange">Amman Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Stock_Exchange" title="Athens Stock Exchange">Athens Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Bourse" title="Bahrain Bourse">Bahrain Bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BATS_Global_Markets" title="BATS Global Markets">BATS Global Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Stock_Exchange" title="Bermuda Stock Exchange">Bermuda Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM%26F_Bovespa" class="mw-redirect" title="BM&F Bovespa">BM&F Bovespa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsas_y_Mercados_Espa%C3%B1oles" title="Bolsas y Mercados Españoles">BME Spanish Exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Stock_Exchange" title="Buenos Aires Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Stock_Exchange" title="Santiago Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Valores de Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_Stock_Exchange" title="Lima Stock Exchange">Bolsa de Valores de Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Stock_Exchange" title="Mexican Stock Exchange">Bolsa Mexicana de Valores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Istanbul" title="Borsa Istanbul">Borsa Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Stock_Exchange" title="Casablanca Stock Exchange">Bourse de Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">BSE India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Stock_Exchange_%E2%80%93_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia">Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Bursa Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cboe_Global_Markets" title="Cboe Global Markets">Cboe Global Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Financial_Futures_Exchange" title="China Financial Futures Exchange">China Financial Futures Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CME_Group" title="CME Group">CME Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombo Stock Exchange">Colombo Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Stock_Exchange" title="Cyprus Stock Exchange">Cyprus Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Commodity_Exchange" title="Dalian Commodity Exchange">Dalian Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Deutsche Börse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Financial_Market" title="Dubai Financial Market">Dubai Financial Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Exchange" title="Egyptian Exchange">Egyptian Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Stock_Exchange" title="Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange">Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Exchanges_and_Clearing" title="Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing">Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Indonesia Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Exchange_Group" title="Japan Exchange Group">Japan Exchange Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">JSE Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Stock_Exchange" title="Kazakhstan Stock Exchange">Kazakhstan Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Exchange" title="Korea Exchange">Korea Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_Group" title="London Stock Exchange Group">London Stock Exchange Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Stock_Exchange" title="Luxembourg Stock Exchange">Luxembourg Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Stock_Exchange" title="Malta Stock Exchange">Malta Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow Exchange</a> <i>(suspended)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_Securities_Market" title="Muscat Securities Market">Muscat Securities Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_OMX_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ OMX Group">NASDAQ OMX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Exchange" title="International Securities Exchange">International Securities Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Stock Exchange">Nigerian Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Exchange">NZX Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Stock_Exchange" title="Oslo Stock Exchange">Oslo Børs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Philippine Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar Exchange">Qatar Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadawul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadawul">Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Futures_Exchange" title="Shanghai Futures Exchange">Shanghai Futures Exchange</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">Shenzhen Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Exchange" title="Singapore Exchange">Singapore Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_of_Mauritius" title="Stock Exchange of Mauritius">Stock Exchange of Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_of_Thailand" title="Stock Exchange of Thailand">Stock Exchange of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Exchange" title="Taipei Exchange">Taipei Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Futures_Exchange" title="Taiwan Futures Exchange">Taiwan Futures Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Stock_Exchange" title="Taiwan Stock Exchange">Taiwan Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange" title="Tel Aviv Stock Exchange">Tel Aviv Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMX_Group" title="TMX Group">TMX Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Commodity_Exchange" title="Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange">Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depository_Trust_%26_Clearing_Corporation" title="Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation">Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Options_Clearing_Corporation" title="Options Clearing Corporation">Options Clearing Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Stock_Exchange" title="Beirut Stock Exchange">Beirut Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourse_de_Tunis" title="Bourse de Tunis">Bourse de Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRVM" title="BRVM">BRVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Bucharest Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Stock_Exchange" title="Cayman Islands Stock Exchange">Cayman Islands Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange" title="Chittagong Stock Exchange">Chittagong Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Stock_Exchange" title="Dhaka Stock Exchange">Dhaka Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Gold_%26_Commodities_Exchange" title="Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange">Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Stock_Exchange" title="Hanoi Stock Exchange">Hanoi Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Commodity_and_Derivatives_Exchange" title="Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange">Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_Securities_Exchange" title="Nairobi Securities Exchange">Nairobi Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Stock_Exchange" title="Namibian Stock Exchange">Namibian Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Stock_Exchange" title="Nepal Stock Exchange">Nepal Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Palestine Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby_Stock_Exchange" title="Port Moresby Stock Exchange">Port Moresby Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Stock_Exchange" title="The International Stock Exchange">The International Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Exchange" title="Ukrainian Exchange">Ukrainian Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Correspondents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_Stock_Exchange" title="Barbados Stock Exchange">Barbados Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Currency_and_Stock_Exchange" title="Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange">Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Board_of_Trade" title="Rosario Board of Trade">Bolsa de Comercio de Rosario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boursa_Kuwait" title="Boursa Kuwait">Boursa Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Securities_Exchange" title="Canadian Securities Exchange">Canadian Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean_Securities_Exchange" title="Dutch Caribbean Securities Exchange">Dutch Caribbean Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Stock_Exchange" title="Ghana Stock Exchange">Ghana Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Stock_Exchange" title="Jamaica Stock Exchange">Jamaica Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PFTS_Ukraine_Stock_Exchange" title="PFTS Ukraine Stock Exchange">PFTS Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Stock_Exchange" title="Sydney Stock Exchange">Sydney Stock Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_China1139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_China" title="Template:Economy of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_China" title="Template talk:Economy of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_China1139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_China" title="Category:Companies of China">Companies of China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Economic history of the People's Republic of China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_and_opening_up" title="Reform and opening up">Reform and opening up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_China" title="Five-year plans of China">Five-year plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialization_of_China" title="Industrialization of China">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_rice_bowl" title="Iron rice bowl">Iron rice bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-anti_and_Five-anti_Campaigns" title="Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns">Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Modernizations" title="Four Modernizations">Four Modernizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping%27s_southern_tour" title="Deng Xiaoping's southern tour">Deng Xiaoping's southern tour</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grasping_the_large,_letting_go_of_the_small" title="Grasping the large, letting go of the small">Grasping the large, letting go of the small</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_GDP_of_China" title="Historical GDP of China">Historical GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_China" title="Population history of China">Population history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_reform_in_China,_1949%E2%80%931976" title="Wage reform in China, 1949–1976">1949–1976 wage reform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_China" title="Category:Industry in China">Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_China" title="Technological and industrial history of China">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_materials_industry_in_China" title="Advanced materials industry in China">Advanced materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_Industry_Corporation_of_China" title="Aviation Industry Corporation of China">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Aerospace_Science_and_Technology_Corporation" title="China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_China" title="Beer in China">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_industry_in_China" title="Biotechnology industry in China">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_China" title="Business process outsourcing in China">Business process outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement_industry_in_China" title="Cement industry in China">Cement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_China" title="Coffee production in China">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_industry_in_China" title="Container industry in China">Container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Cotton_Association" title="China Cotton Association">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor_manufacturing_industry_in_China" title="Electric motor manufacturing industry in China">Electric motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_China" title="Electricity sector in China">Electric power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_China" title="Electronics industry in China">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_China" title="Fishing industry in China">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_China" title="Gambling in China">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund_industry_in_China" title="Hedge fund industry in China">Hedge fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_China" title="Mass media in China">Media</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_China" title="Category:Mining in China">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_China" title="Gold mining in China">gold mining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_industry_in_China" title="Mobile phone industry in China">Mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_gaming_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Online gaming in China">Online gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_farming_industry_in_China" title="Pearl farming industry in China">Pearl farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_China" title="Pharmaceutical industry in China">Pharmaceuticals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy_in_China" title="Pharmacy in China">pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry_in_China" title="Publishing industry in China">Publishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing_in_China" title="Academic publishing in China">academic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_China" title="Radio in China">Radio</a></li> <li>Railway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_equipment_industry_in_China" title="Railway equipment industry in China">equipment industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_industry_in_China" title="Rare earth industry in China">Rare earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_China" title="Real estate in China">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_industry_in_China" title="Securities industry in China">Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy_industry_in_China" title="Sex toy industry in China">Sex toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_industry_in_China" title="Silk industry in China">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_industry_in_China" title="Software industry in China">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_China" title="Steel industry in China">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry_in_China" title="Telecommunications industry in China">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_China" title="Television in China">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_China" title="Television in China">digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China" title="Textile industry in China">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in China">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_in_China" title="Wine in China">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zones" title="National Economic and Technological Development Zones">Development Zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Software_Park" title="Dalian Software Park">Dalian Software Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Megalopolises in China </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special Economic Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park" title="Suzhou Industrial Park">Suzhou Industrial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiang_Hi-Tech_Park" title="Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park">Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_China" title="Category:Energy in China">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_in_China" title="Oil shale in China">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_refineries_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil refineries in China">Oil refineries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_China" title="Nuclear power in China">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_China" title="Wind power in China">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_China" title="Solar power in China">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_China" title="Geothermal power in China">Geothermal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_in_China" title="Category:Trade in China">Trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Infrastructure_in_China" title="Category:Infrastructure in China">infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_for_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="History of trade for the People's Republic of China">Trade history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_China_World_Trade_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The China World Trade Center">World Trade Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_China" title="Transport in China">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_China" title="Postage stamps and postal history of China">Postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese shipping">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_China" title="Illegal drug trade in China">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">Hong Kong Trade Development Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports of China">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_China" title="Water supply and sanitation in China">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_China" title="List of exports of China">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_China" title="List of the largest trading partners of China">Trading partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;">Law and regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_China" title="Taxation in China">Tax system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Contract_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China">Labor contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_relations_in_China" title="Labor relations in China">Labor relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_China" title="Food safety in China">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">Intellectual property</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Finance_in_China" title="Category:Finance in China">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Banking_in_China" title="Category:Banking in China">banking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Accounting_in_China" title="Category:Accounting in China">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_China" title="Banking in China">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking_in_China" title="History of banking in China">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_China" title="List of banks in China">Other banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Financial_Street" title="Beijing Financial Street">Beijing Financial Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_financial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese financial system">Financial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Banknote_Printing_and_Minting_Corporation" title="China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation">China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Chengtong_Holdings_Group" title="China Chengtong Holdings Group">China Chengtong Holdings Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Government_Guidance_Fund" title="China Government Guidance Fund">China Government Guidance Fund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China-Africa_Development_Fund" title="China-Africa Development Fund">China-Africa Development Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Integrated_Circuit_Industry_Investment_Fund" title="China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund">China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Internet_Investment_Fund" title="China Internet Investment Fund">China Internet Investment Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Reform_Holdings_Corporation" title="China Reform Holdings Corporation">China Reform Holdings Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fund_for_Technology_Transfer_and_Commercialisation" title="National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation">National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Investment_Corporation" title="China Investment Corporation">China Investment Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITIC_Group" title="CITIC Group">CITIC Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_China" title="Financial services in China">Financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign exchange reserves of China">Foreign exchange reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund_industry_in_China" title="Hedge fund industry in China">Hedge fund industry</a></li> <li>Stock Exchanges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Commodity_Exchange" title="Dalian Commodity Exchange">Dalian Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Equities_Exchange_and_Quotations" title="National Equities Exchange and Quotations">National Equities Exchange and Quotations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Stock_Exchange" title="Beijing Stock Exchange">Beijing Stock Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shanghai Stock Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SSE_Composite_Index" title="SSE Composite Index">SSE Composite Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Metal_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Metal Exchange">Shanghai Metal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_Exchange_Executive_Council" title="Stock Exchange Executive Council">Stock Exchange Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">Shenzhen Stock Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SZSE_Component_Index" title="SZSE Component Index">SZSE Component Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Commodity_Exchange" title="Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange">Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_China" title="Category:Economy of China">Government institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="All-China Federation of Trade Unions">All-China Federation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Council_for_the_Promotion_of_International_Trade" title="China Council for the Promotion of International Trade">China Council for the Promotion of International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Securities_Regulatory_Commission" title="China Securities Regulatory Commission">China Securities Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">General Administration of Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Industry and Information Technology">Ministry of Industry and Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Financial_Regulatory_Administration_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Financial Regulatory Administration (China)">National Financial Regulatory Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development and Reform Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Commission" title="National Energy Commission">National Energy Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission">State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Market_Regulation" title="State Administration for Market Regulation">State Administration for Market Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Exchange" title="State Administration of Foreign Exchange">State Administration of Foreign Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration of Taxation">State Administration of Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_development_in_China" title="Category:Economic development in China">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_China" title="International rankings of China">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP">Provinces by GDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita">per capita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare in China">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_China" title="Income inequality in China">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_China" title="Standard of living in China">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">Internal migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_credit_cooperative" title="Rural credit cooperative">Rural credit cooperative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;">National economic initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Consensus" title="Beijing Consensus">Beijing Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_prosperity" title="Common prosperity">Common prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_circulation" title="Dual circulation">Dual circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Out_policy" title="Go Out policy">Go Out policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_in_China_2025" title="Made in China 2025">Made in China 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Business_China" title="Youth Business China">Youth Business China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regional economic initiatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beibu_Gulf_Economic_Rim" title="Beibu Gulf Economic Rim">Beibu Gulf Economic Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Economic_Rim" title="Bohai Economic Rim">Bohai Economic Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Western_Development" title="China Western Development">China Western Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Revitalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast China Revitalization">Northeast China Revitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" title="Pearl River Delta Economic Zone">Pearl River Delta Economic Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_Central_China_Plan" title="Rise of Central China Plan">Rise of Central China Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Taiwan_Straits_Economic_Zone" title="Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone">Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone">Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Economic_Zone" title="Zhongyuan Economic Zone">Zhongyuan Economic Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Economic history of the People's Republic of China">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_property_bubble_(2005%E2%80%932011)" title="Chinese property bubble (2005–2011)">2005–2011 property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Chinese_export_recalls" title="2007 Chinese export recalls">2007 export</a> / <a href="/wiki/2007_pet_food_recalls" title="2007 pet food recalls">pet food recalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_stock_bubble_of_2007" title="Chinese stock bubble of 2007">2007 stock bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Chinese_slave_scandal" title="2007 Chinese slave scandal">2007 slave scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_stimulus_program" title="Chinese economic stimulus program">2008–2009 economic stimulus plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expo_2010" title="Expo 2010">2010 Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Chinese_stock_market_turbulence" class="mw-redirect" title="2015–16 Chinese stock market turbulence">2015–16 stock market turbulence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_protein_export_contamination" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese protein export contamination">Protein export contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Xi_Jinping_Administration_reform_spree" title="2020–2021 Xi Jinping Administration reform spree">2020–2021 reform spree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_trade_war" title="Canada–China trade war">Canada–China trade war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:linen;"><a href="/wiki/Category:China" title="Category:China">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_in_China" title="Bankruptcy in China">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_China" title="List of companies of China">Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Chinese_companies" title="List of largest Chinese companies">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_500_Enterprises_of_China" title="Top 500 Enterprises of China">Top 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_State-owned_enterprises_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of State-owned enterprises in China">Largest SOEs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hongs" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hongs">The Hongs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_in_China" title="Globalization in China">Globalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_women_in_China" title="Globalization and women in China">Globalization and women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Standards_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="National Standards of the People's Republic of China">National Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Compulsory_Certificate" title="China Compulsory Certificate">China Compulsory Certificate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Made_in_China" title="Made in China">Made in China</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingong" title="Mingong">Mingong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_by_net_worth" title="List of Chinese by net worth">List of Chinese by net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_economists" title="Category:Chinese economists">Chinese economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><b>See also:</b></i> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_China" title="Category:Economy of China">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Outline of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_East_Asia" title="Economy of East Asia">Economy of East Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739514#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata860" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739514#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata860" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739514#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000097304182">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143937994">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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